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q
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1
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[
4
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Su
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Vo
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9
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No
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4
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201
9
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7
4
2
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2750
2744
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W
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al
w
a
y
s
b
e
p
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
to
th
e
s
u
n
r
a
y
s
d
u
r
in
g
d
a
y
ti
m
e.
A
s
c
h
e
m
atic
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
d
ev
i
ce
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
r
o
tate
i
n
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
lan
e
(
ze
n
it
h
r
o
tatio
n
)
o
n
a
tu
r
n
tab
le
ac
t
u
ated
b
y
th
e
m
o
to
r
2
an
d
also
i
n
t
h
e
v
er
tical
p
lan
e
(
az
i
m
u
t
h
r
o
tati
o
n
)
ac
tu
ated
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
1
.
B
o
th
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
eith
er
DC
m
o
to
r
s
o
r
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
au
to
m
at
ic
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
r
o
u
te
to
d
o
th
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
li
g
h
t
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
u
s
e
d
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
,
m
o
to
r
d
ev
ices
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
w
a
y
s
to
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
in
ten
s
it
y
o
f
s
u
n
li
g
h
t.
A
n
d
it
w
i
ll b
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
th
e
in
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
as t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
w
i
th
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
m
o
to
r
h
as
to
r
o
tate
s
o
th
at
it
r
eso
lv
es
to
b
e
co
llect
h
ig
h
-
i
n
ten
s
it
y
li
g
h
t
as
t
h
e
s
u
n
.
So
,
in
r
ec
en
t y
ea
r
s
r
esear
c
h
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
ck
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
.
B
u
t
th
er
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
r
esu
lts
ar
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le.
Am
o
n
g
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
d
o
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
“m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
”
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
n
tr
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
tu
d
y
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
"
an
alo
g
u
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
d
ev
ice”
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
d
o
ea
s
il
y
lo
w
t
i
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
ch
ip
s
ar
e
v
er
y
s
m
all
a
n
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
o
cc
u
r
s
,
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
i
g
h
er
in
te
g
r
atio
n
[
1
3
]
,
c
o
s
t
an
d
s
ize
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
an
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
m
an
y
tas
k
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
s
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ef
f
ec
t
ca
n
s
a
v
e.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
a
b
r
ief
e
x
p
lan
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
2
an
a
lo
g
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
an
d
3
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
r
esu
lts
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fu
n
c
tio
n
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
l
e
o
f
a
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
2.
ANALO
G
U
E
CO
NT
RO
L
S
YST
E
M
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
m
o
v
e
m
en
t,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
is
u
s
u
al
l
y
u
s
ed
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
s
en
s
o
r
zo
n
e,
in
w
h
ic
h
li
g
h
t
-
s
en
s
iti
v
e
d
ev
ices
m
o
u
n
ted
in
p
air
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
,
s
u
c
h
as
L
D
R
s
(
l
ig
h
t
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
r
es
is
to
r
s
)
,
p
h
o
to
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
etc.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
in
a
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
b
lo
ck
m
ad
e
eit
h
er
w
ith
an
alo
g
u
e
d
ev
ices
o
r
w
it
h
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
is
u
s
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
a
m
o
to
r
(
DC
o
r
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
)
.
A
s
lo
n
g
as
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
le
v
el
s
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
th
e
li
g
h
t
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
d
ev
ic
es
ar
e
n
o
t
eq
u
al,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll k
ee
p
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
to
w
ar
d
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
li
g
h
t.
I
n
s
h
o
w
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
Sch
e
m
at
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
an
a
n
alo
g
u
e
d
ev
i
ce
tr
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
L
D
R
1
an
d
L
DR
2
ar
e
li
g
h
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
I
C
1
a
n
d
I
C
2
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
an
d
T
1
-
T
4
ar
e
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
t
u
ate
th
e
DC
m
o
to
r
M.
P
1
,
R
1
,
P2
,
R
2
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
f
ix
th
e
in
p
u
t
lev
e
ls
(
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
)
o
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
w
ill
s
tar
t
to
co
m
m
an
d
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
.
A
t
t
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
L
D
R
s
w
ill
g
et
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
li
g
h
t,
th
e
P
1
an
d
P
2
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
in
s
u
c
h
w
a
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
til
l
in
s
tatic
p
o
s
it
io
n
.
W
h
en
L
D
R
2
r
ec
eiv
e
less
lig
h
t
th
an
L
D
R
1
th
e
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
p
o
in
t
A
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
h
a
lf
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
I
C
1
is
in
HI
GH
s
ta
te,
th
u
s
allo
w
i
n
g
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
T
1
an
d
T
4
to
b
e
in
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
s
tate,
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
is
r
o
tatin
g
[
1
5
]
.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ch
o
s
e
n
i
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r
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t
to
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h
e
p
o
w
er
ab
s
o
r
b
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b
y
t
h
e
m
o
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r
.
Fo
r
v
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3
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A
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T
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T
3
ca
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3
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m
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w
h
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d
T
4
ca
n
b
e
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ca
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e
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.
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f
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h
e
d
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r
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r
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ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
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Fig
u
r
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2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
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lar
tr
ac
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er
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
an
an
a
lo
g
u
e
d
ev
ice
tr
ac
k
er
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tr
o
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y
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te
m
Fig
u
r
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4
.
Sen
s
o
r
m
o
u
n
t
in
g
d
ev
ice
As
it
ca
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e
s
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ef
lecti
n
g
b
lack
tu
b
e
s
an
d
a
n
in
cli
n
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
g
eo
m
et
r
y
w
h
er
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
m
o
u
n
ted
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
u
b
es m
u
s
t
al
s
o
b
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
k
ee
p
L
DR
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
ev
ice
i
s
p
r
o
p
er
ly
o
r
ien
ted
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
allo
w
az
i
m
u
t
h
an
d
ze
n
it
h
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
t
w
o
id
en
t
ic
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
s
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
(
ze
n
ith
)
r
o
tatio
n
,
an
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
v
er
tical
(
az
i
m
u
th
)
r
o
tatio
n
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
m
o
u
n
t
ed
,
o
n
e
s
et
f
o
r
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
an
d
o
n
e
s
et
f
o
r
v
er
tical
m
o
v
e
m
en
t [
1
7
]
.
3.
M
I
CRO
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
C
O
NT
RO
L
S
YS
T
E
M
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
es
m
i
cr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
to
m
ai
n
l
y
r
ep
lace
th
e
an
alo
g
u
e
co
m
p
ar
at
o
r
w
i
th
a
m
icr
o
p
r
o
c
ess
o
r
an
d
d
r
iv
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
A
h
u
g
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
t
h
at
it
all
o
w
s
m
u
c
h
p
r
ec
is
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
a
n
d
also
co
n
tr
o
ls
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
An
o
t
h
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
is
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
to
o
r
ien
t
its
e
l
f
in
th
e
ea
s
ter
n
d
ir
ec
tio
n
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
w
h
en
n
i
g
h
t
ap
p
ea
r
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
“w
ai
t”
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
is
in
g
s
u
n
n
ex
t d
a
y
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
2
7
4
2
-
2750
2746
Du
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
t
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ab
le
to
an
al
y
ze
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
t
h
e
lev
e
l
o
f
lig
h
t
o
n
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
L
D
R
s
,
a
s
i
m
p
ler
s
en
s
iti
v
e
d
ev
ice,
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
3
L
D
R
s
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e.
W
o
r
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
le
f
o
r
3
L
DR
s
la
y
s
o
n
th
e
w
a
y
i
n
w
h
ic
h
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
o
r
k
an
d
o
n
th
e
w
a
y
in
w
h
ic
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
m
o
u
n
ted
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
:
L
D
R
1
an
d
L
D
R
2
ar
e
m
o
u
n
ted
in
li
n
e
i
n
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
eir
lig
h
t
le
v
els.
I
f
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
o
cc
u
r
,
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ill
co
m
m
an
d
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
p
o
s
it
io
n
i
n
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
v
er
tical
ax
es.
W
h
en
t
h
e
lig
h
t
lev
e
l
is
eq
u
al
o
n
b
o
th
L
DR
s
,
th
eir
m
ea
n
v
al
u
e
i
s
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
li
g
h
t
le
v
el
o
n
L
D
R
3
,
th
u
s
r
ea
lizin
g
,
i
n
a
s
i
m
ilar
m
a
n
n
e
r
as
p
r
esen
ted
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
es.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
a
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
an
d
is
ad
ap
ted
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
p
r
in
cip
le
m
en
tio
n
ed
.
A
f
ter
i
n
itial
izin
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
y
s
te
m
ac
q
u
ir
es
li
g
h
t
lev
e
ls
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
I
n
ca
s
e
th
e
v
al
u
es
ar
e
lo
w
er
t
h
an
a
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e,
i
t
m
ea
n
s
th
at
o
u
t
s
id
e
is
n
o
t.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
g
o
e
s
to
t
h
e
in
itia
l
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
w
ait
s
to
th
e
n
ex
t
s
u
n
r
i
s
e.
I
f
th
er
e
is
l
ig
h
t,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
er
if
ie
s
if
th
e
L
D
R
1
an
d
L
DR
2
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
lev
el
o
f
lig
h
t.
I
f
n
o
t,
a
co
m
m
an
d
i
s
s
e
n
t
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
to
r
o
tate
i
t w
it
h
o
n
e
s
tep
i
n
t
h
e
d
esire
d
p
o
s
itio
n
(
to
w
ar
d
th
e
h
ig
h
er
v
al
u
es).
T
h
is
s
tep
r
ep
ea
ts
u
n
ti
l
li
g
h
t
le
v
els
ar
e
eq
u
al
o
n
b
o
th
L
D
R
s
a
n
d
n
o
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
is
s
e
n
t
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
T
h
e
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
Sen
s
o
r
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t f
o
r
a
s
u
n
t
r
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
lc
u
lates
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
L
DR
1
an
d
L
D
R
2
lig
h
t
lev
el
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
es
it
to
th
e
lig
h
t
lev
el
o
n
L
D
R
3
.
I
f
th
er
e
is
n
o
m
atc
h
,
a
co
m
m
a
n
d
is
s
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
w
h
ic
h
r
o
tates
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ar
o
u
n
d
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
is
w
i
th
o
n
e
s
tep
,
u
n
til
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
L
D
R
1
an
d
L
D
R
2
lig
h
t
lev
els
a
n
d
th
e
li
g
h
t
le
v
el
o
f
L
DR
3
.
W
h
en
all
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
ar
e
id
en
tical,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
et
u
r
n
s
i
n
in
i
tial
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
r
eiter
ates
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Sc
h
e
m
a
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
UN
O
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
a
ca
p
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
i
th
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
w
h
ich
allo
w
s
th
e
r
o
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
o
u
n
d
its
v
er
tical
ax
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
efficien
t m
icro
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
a
s
ed
s
u
n
tr
a
ck
er c
o
n
tr
o
l
fo
r
s
o
la
r
ce
ll sys
tem
s
(
E
.
M.H.
A
r
if,
J.
Ho
s
s
en
)
2747
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
s
f
o
r
a
tr
ac
k
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
Un
o
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
r
in
t
-
s
cr
ee
n
o
f
th
e
s
k
etch
f
o
r
A
r
d
u
in
o
U
n
o
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
W
ith
th
e
e
n
d
g
o
al
to
e
x
h
ib
it
th
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
d
er
s
tead
y
an
d
d
if
f
er
in
g
cli
m
a
tic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ev
e
r
y
cli
m
ati
c
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
s
e,
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
r
ep
o
r
t
am
o
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
m
i
cr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
s
u
n
tr
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
b
ased
p
an
el
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
d
u
ti
lizin
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
,
k
id
ca
d
,
Sci
-
lab
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
m
ai
n
l
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
a
n
u
al
a
n
d
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
o
r
ea
ch
th
i
s
d
ata,
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
al
y
s
es
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
2
7
4
2
-
2750
2748
f
i
x
ed
an
d
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
a
m
id
t
h
e
tr
ial
w
er
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
lig
h
t
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
e
s
is
to
r
(
L
DR
)
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
d
ata
r
ea
d
in
g
w
er
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
u
tili
zin
g
a
m
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l
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m
ete
r
ass
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ciate
d
w
ith
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h
e
s
o
lar
p
o
w
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r
ed
ce
lls
.
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h
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
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ter
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f
ec
t
s
o
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th
e
s
u
n
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ased
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ac
k
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tili
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g
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h
e
S
i
m
u
lin
k
ar
e
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
9
an
d
1
0
.
A
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
lo
ts
,
th
e
s
u
n
b
ased
tr
ac
k
er
ca
n
p
u
r
s
u
e
th
e
s
u
n
an
g
le.
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n
th
e
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lo
t,
th
is
s
o
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r
ien
ted
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ac
k
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h
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g
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r
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t
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a
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ted
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s
ettled
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el.
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r
t
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o
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e
o
th
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iece
o
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th
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d
ia
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d
em
o
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tr
ate
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itio
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o
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er
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f
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icie
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c
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er
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a
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n
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h
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te
m
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lat
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r
en
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tp
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o
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t
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d
a
y
w
as
q
u
ite
clo
s
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ac
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l
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lts
o
b
tain
ed
.
A
t
t
h
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s
a
m
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e
x
p
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h
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o
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ter
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d
e
m
o
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ati
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g
o
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r
ea
l
ir
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ac
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f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
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n
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
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t
p
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w
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o
f
th
is
tr
ac
k
er
w
as
co
m
p
ar
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w
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h
th
e
f
i
x
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an
el
d
esi
g
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in
o
r
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er
to
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eter
m
i
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o
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o
la
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tr
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s
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.
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ted
b
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p
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p
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ac
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el
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
th
e
f
ix
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p
an
el.
Her
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
l
lu
d
es
to
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e
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r
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p
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r
tio
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ast
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n
th
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en
tire
t
y
o
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th
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tr
ac
k
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d
th
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el
c
ap
ac
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to
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f
ix
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an
el
co
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tr
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ter
est.
I
n
t
h
i
s
t
r
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
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t
h
e
p
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d
u
ctiv
it
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ef
f
icie
n
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y
(
g
et
f
r
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m
ex
p
lo
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lt
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d
2
8
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5
%
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
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s
co
m
p
ar
e
to
s
e
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al
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
e
tr
ac
k
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s
as
r
e
aliz
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
[
1
4
,
18
,
1
9
]
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
g
o
o
d
an
d
h
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ce
,
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
r
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s
h
ig
h
er
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
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le
to
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e
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g
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s
f
o
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n
d
i
n
F
ig
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r
e
1
1
,
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
tr
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p
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aj
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tio
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ce
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th
e
tr
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Fig
u
r
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9
.
Fix
ed
So
lar
p
an
el
m
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s
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ti
m
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n
s
o
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o
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tp
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t
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o
ltag
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a
n
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r
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en
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
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lar
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ac
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m
m
ea
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
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r
ac
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s
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ar
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atin
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Fo
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ex
p
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o
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p
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ased
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r
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w
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it
h
as
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tr
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ar
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ater
ial
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w
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ag
g
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ated
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2
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d
em
o
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tr
ate
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at
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a
s
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p
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all
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i
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ap
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,
esp
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m
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Kee
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n
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tal
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s
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m
,
it
is
ev
id
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t
f
r
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m
t
h
e
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h
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s
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e
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co
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ch
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f
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m
a
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m
e
n
t
s
.
W
ith
th
e
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
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s
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at
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co
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J
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2
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,
a
s
o
lar
p
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el
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
y
as
w
ell
b
ec
o
m
e
an
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o
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m
o
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e
att
r
ac
tiv
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o
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
u
n
t
r
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
s
es
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
ev
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w
h
ic
h
co
n
tr
o
ls
a
m
o
to
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d
r
iv
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r
ea
lize
d
w
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h
d
is
cr
ete
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
.
R
eg
ar
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less
o
f
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m
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,
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e
s
y
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m
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d
s
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h
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s
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
t
w
o
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
n
tr
o
llin
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d
ev
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n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
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,
it
is
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o
s
s
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le
to
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s
e
o
n
l
y
L
D
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s
.
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w
o
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tical
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s
ar
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d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
alo
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y
s
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s
u
f
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t
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e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
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to
co
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tr
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l
b
o
th
m
o
to
r
s
.
P
r
ec
is
io
n
in
p
o
s
i
tio
n
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
is
g
r
ea
ter
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
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a
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d
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e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
s
tep
p
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m
o
to
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s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
tu
ate
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
w
a
s
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
s
elf
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co
n
tai
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,
r
eq
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ir
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a
m
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
co
m
p
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ter
i
n
ter
f
ac
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A
lab
o
r
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y
h
as
b
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n
s
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cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
b
u
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d
te
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f
y
t
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e
ef
f
ec
tiv
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n
ess
o
f
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all
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E
x
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m
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in
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th
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m
s
.
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NO
WL
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NT
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A
ll p
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aise to
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.
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w
e
n
t to
th
a
n
k
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d
s
h
o
w
m
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ee
p
est
g
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atit
u
d
e
to
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d
s
th
e
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tire
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
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m
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h
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g
iv
e
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m
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ad
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ate
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n
co
u
r
a
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
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p
o
s
s
ib
le
h
elp
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co
m
p
lete
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
.
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n
all
y
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I
w
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n
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to
th
a
n
k
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as
m
u
s
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o
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m
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u
p
p
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tin
g
h
elp
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
e
rd
o
u
s
Ho
ss
a
in
,
E
.
M
.
H.A
rif
,
T
a
n
Kim
G
e
o
k
,
J.Ho
ss
e
n
,
S
h
a
r
if
A
h
m
e
d
,
M
d
.
A
rm
a
n
u
r
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
T
a
w
si
f
K.
,
“
S
e
lf
-
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
st
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
&
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d
u
str
ia
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(IS
CA
IE)
,
P
a
g
e
5
9
–
6
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
E.
M
.
H.
A
rif
,
J.
Ho
ss
e
n
,
G
.
Ra
m
a
n
a
,
T
h
a
n
g
a
v
e
l
Bh
u
v
a
n
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sw
a
ri,
P
.
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e
lrajk
u
m
a
r,
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V
e
n
k
a
tas
e
sh
a
iah
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
n
e
u
ro
-
f
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
f
o
r
so
lar
p
a
n
e
l
trac
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
,
”
Fa
r
e
a
st
jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
e
lec
tro
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ics
a
n
d
c
o
mm
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n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s,
V
o
l
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m
e
1
8
,
Nu
m
b
e
r
7
,
P
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g
e
s 9
8
1
-
1
0
0
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
C.
-
S
.
Ch
iu
a
n
d
Y.
-
L
.
“
Ou
y
a
n
g
,
r
o
b
u
st
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
trac
k
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
u
n
c
e
rtain
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s:
A
u
n
i_
e
d
T
-
S
f
u
z
z
y
m
o
d
e
l
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se
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
'
'
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
st.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
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l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
6
-
1
5
2
6
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
1
[4
]
A
.
I.
B.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
F
.
D.B.
A
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
M
.
B.
Ro
h
a
iza
t
.
“
Du
a
l
a
x
e
s
so
lar
trac
k
e
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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trica
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n
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Co
mp
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ter
E
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g
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rin
g
,
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L
-
8
,
P
P
:
1
8
8
7
-
1
8
9
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
S
.
S
h
a
n
m
u
g
a
su
n
d
a
ra
m
,
“
S
o
lar
Ba
se
d
Z
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
f
o
r
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o
w
e
r
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
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n
,
”
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u
ll
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ti
n
o
f
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trica
l
En
g
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n
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n
fo
rm
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ti
c
s,
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o
l
.
6
,
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4
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
~
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4
7
,
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o
l.
6
,
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.
4
,
De
c
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m
b
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r
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
~
3
4
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
Ya
s
m
e
e
n
H.
S
a
b
ri,
W
.
Z.
W
a
n
.
Ha
sa
n
,
S
.
S
h
a
f
ie,
M
.
A
.
M
.
Ra
d
z
i,
A
.
H.
S
a
b
ry
,
“
Da
i
ly
Ha
r
v
e
ste
d
En
e
rg
y
o
f
Ca
d
m
iu
m
T
e
ll
u
rid
e
T
h
in
F
il
m
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
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ic
,
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d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
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r
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l
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f
El
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c
tric
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l
E
n
g
i
n
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rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
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c
ien
c
e
,
Vo
l.
1
1
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
-
2
6
,
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ly
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
A
rj
y
a
d
h
a
ra
P
ra
d
h
a
n
,
B
h
a
g
a
b
a
t
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
A
S
i
m
p
li
f
ied
De
sig
n
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
li
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o
f
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
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r
ter
fo
r
P
h
o
to
v
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lt
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ic
S
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m
,
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ter
n
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ti
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o
u
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l
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n
d
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o
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ter
En
g
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g
,
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l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
-
1
4
9
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
A
d
e
l
Ha
d
d
o
u
c
h
e
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
K
a
ra
,
L
o
tf
i
F
a
ra
h
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
e
r
Us
in
g
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
w
it
h
R
e
d
u
c
e
d
Ru
les
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
:
1
3
8
1
-
1
3
9
0
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
S
y
a
f
ii
,
Re
f
d
in
a
l
Na
z
ir,
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ha
d
i
P
u
tra,
a
n
d
Ka
m
so
r
y
,
“
S
e
n
so
rles
s
S
o
lar
T
ra
c
k
e
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
u
n
P
o
siti
o
n
f
o
r
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
Pa
lem
b
a
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
1
9
-
2
0
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
G
.
G
.
Ra
ja
S
e
k
h
a
r,
Ba
sa
v
a
ra
j
a
Ba
n
a
k
a
ra
,
“
A
n
In
tern
a
l
Cu
rre
n
t
C
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
BL
DC
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
S
u
p
p
li
e
d
w
it
h
P
V
F
e
d
Hi
g
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ga
in
DC
-
DC Co
n
v
e
rter,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
V
o
l
.
8
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
2
-
1
2
7
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
S
u
n
i
ta
Ku
m
a
ri,
S
u
d
h
ir
Y.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
A
No
v
e
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
Co
n
tro
ll
in
g
t
h
e
S
o
lar
P
V
I
n
teg
ra
ted
Hy
b
rid
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u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
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c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
ma
ti
c
s,
V
o
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
-
1
5
1
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
A
h
m
a
d
S
a
u
d
i
S
a
m
o
sir,
He
rri
G
u
sm
e
d
i,
S
ri
P
u
rw
iy
a
n
ti
,
En
d
a
h
K
o
m
a
las
a
ri,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
b
a
se
d
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
(M
P
P
T
)
f
o
r
P
V
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
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trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
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ter
E
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g
in
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rin
g
,
V
o
l
.
8
,
N
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
5
~
1
3
2
3
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
Nu
re
tt
in
G
o
k
se
n
li
,
M
e
h
m
e
t
Ak
b
a
b
a
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
e
w
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
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tr
o
ll
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b
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se
d
M
P
P
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m
e
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v
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to
rs
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sin
g
A
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w
it
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im
p
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tatio
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n
d
sim
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latio
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1
3
6
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P
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-
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2
8
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1
5
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to
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e
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2
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6
.
[1
4
]
Je
rin
Ku
riak
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T
h
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ra
m
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m
,
A
n
d
re
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,
“
De
sig
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u
to
m
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ti
c
so
lar
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ra
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r
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e
rg
y
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d
ia
,
Vo
l
u
m
e
1
4
3
,
P
a
g
e
s 6
2
9
-
6
3
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
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&
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l.
9
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4
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A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
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7
4
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2750
[1
5
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M
a
so
u
m
e
h
A
b
d
o
ll
a
h
p
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u
r,
M
a
h
m
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d
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b
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s
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v
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lu
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1
6
9
,
P
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g
e
s
1
3
6
-
1
4
3
,
1
5
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u
ly
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
D Ch
in
n
a
Ku
ll
a
y
Re
d
d
y
,
S
.
S
a
t
y
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n
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ra
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a
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,
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.
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sh
,
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De
sig
n
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y
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lar W
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icro
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it
h
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P
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h
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e
s,
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ter
n
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ti
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a
l
J
o
u
r
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l
o
f
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trica
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n
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u
ter
En
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rin
g
,
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l.
8
,
No
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2
,
p
p
.
7
3
0
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4
0
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p
ril
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
A
.
H.
E.
Kh
a
teb
,
N.
A
.
Ra
h
i
m
,
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S
e
lv
a
ra
j,
a
n
d
B.
W
.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
“
DC
-
to
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DC co
n
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rter w
it
h
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p
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rre
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lt
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ic
p
o
we
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e
x
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c
ti
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n
,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
IN
D.
El
e
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tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
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g
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2
4
6
0
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2
2
5
6
,
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p
ril
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
S
a
f
a
S
k
o
u
ri,
A
b
d
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ss
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le
m
B
e
n
Ha
jA
li
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S
a
lwa
Bo
u
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M
o
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ied
d
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e
Be
n
S
a
lah
,
S
a
ss
i
Be
n
Na
sra
ll
a
h
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
c
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stru
c
ti
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trac
k
in
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ra
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li
c
c
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tr
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d
isp
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t,
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sta
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En
e
rg
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Rev
iews
,
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lu
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6
0
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ly
2
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g
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s 1
4
1
9
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9
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2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
F
_
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o
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ir
Ho
f
fm
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n
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lf
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~
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V
ict
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th
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p
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r
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ra
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1
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p
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g
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7
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7
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9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
Ka
ri
m
o
v
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S
a
q
ib
M
A
,
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k
h
ter
P
,
A
h
m
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M
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a
tt
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sa
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z
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A
.
,
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si
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k
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la
r E
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rg
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a
ter
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ll
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v
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2
0
0
5.
B
I
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G
RAP
H
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S
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RS
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d
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if
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o
ss
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h
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l
o
g
y
f
ro
m
M
u
lt
im
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d
ia
Un
iv
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rsity
in
M
a
lay
sia
.
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h
a
s
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p
lete
d
b
a
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lo
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re
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n
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sh
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rsity
(B)
in
Dh
a
k
a
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n
g
lad
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sh
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n
2
0
1
3
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is
v
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r
y
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x
p
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rt
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t
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d
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c
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lab
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c
u
rre
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t
re
se
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rc
h
in
t
e
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ste
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rg
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rg
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ID
c
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ll
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u
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r
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p
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tro
ll
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il
,
g
a
s a
n
d
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telli
g
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t
sy
ste
m
.
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d
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a
k
ir
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n
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n
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lec
tu
re
r
in
m
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lt
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n
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rsity
(M
M
U)
a
n
d
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p
lete
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to
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rt
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n
d
r
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b
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ti
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s
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g
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g
(U
P
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)
,
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ste
rs
in
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n
g
in
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rin
g
(U
P
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),
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c
h
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lo
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n
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e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
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n
g
in
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(DU
ET
),
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lo
m
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in
p
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r
(
A
u
to
m
o
b
il
e
)
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
(D
P
I).
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
r
o
b
o
ti
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s,
so
f
t
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m
p
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ti
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(
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u
z
z
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d
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ro
-
f
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z
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c
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telli
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sy
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ro
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ra
m
in
g
.
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.
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m
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n
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M
u
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th
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g
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M
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M
IEE
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re
c
e
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d
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T
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c
h
De
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Na
g
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Un
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rsit
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in
1
9
9
0
,
M
.
T
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c
h
De
g
re
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f
ro
m
G
.
B.
P
a
n
t
Un
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rsity
o
f
Ag
ricu
lt
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re
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
1
9
9
3
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
(En
g
in
e
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rin
g
)
f
ro
m
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
1
3
.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
h
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
(M
e
lak
a
Ca
m
p
u
s),
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
V
L
S
I,
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
e
m
o
r
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
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ti
o
n
,
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
lo
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p
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e
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irc
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it
s,
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P
G
A
a
n
d
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
ry
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s.
J
e
s
m
e
e
n
M
.
Z
.
H
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
p
o
stg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
t
i
n
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n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
sp
e
c
ializa
ti
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n
in
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
f
ro
m
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Isla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
.
S
h
e
is
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
ste
d
is arti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
t,
b
ig
d
a
ta,
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
.
J
.
Em
e
r
so
n
Ra
ja
,
Ph
.
D.,
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
n
io
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lec
tu
rin
g
in
t
h
e
F
a
c
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l
ty
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
t
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia.
His
w
o
rk
is
c
e
n
tere
d
o
n
a
p
p
ly
in
g
so
f
t
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
t
o
m
o
n
it
o
r
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
o
f
m
a
c
h
in
e
s.
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h
a
s
b
e
e
n
se
lec
ted
to
g
iv
e
le
c
t
u
re
s
in
"
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
W
e
e
k
"
a
t
Ho
f
Un
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e
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y
o
f
a
p
p
li
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d
sc
ien
c
e
s,
Ho
f
,
G
ERM
A
NY
,
in
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
He
h
a
d
g
iv
e
n
k
e
y
n
o
te sp
e
e
c
h
in
se
v
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ra
l
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s in
Ch
in
a
a
n
d
In
d
i
a
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
ste
d
is S
o
f
t
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
to
o
l
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
to
p
ics
a
n
d
A
rti
f
icia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
t.
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