I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
4
6
7
9
~
4
6
8
6
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
10
i
5
.
pp
4
6
7
9
-
4
6
8
6
4679
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Desig
n and
ana
ly
sis
of opti
m
i
z
e
d C
O
RDI
C bas
ed
G
M
SK
sy
ste
m
on
F
P
G
A
platfor
m
Renu
k
a
K
a
j
ur
1
, K
.
V
.
P
ra
s
a
d
2
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
E
S
I
T
,
In
d
ia
2
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
BIT
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Oct
2
4
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
r
2
5
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
A
p
r
1
,
2
0
2
0
T
h
e
g
a
u
ss
ian
m
in
i
m
u
m
sh
if
t
k
e
y
i
n
g
(
G
M
S
K)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
e
st
su
it
e
d
d
ig
it
a
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
in
th
e
g
lo
b
a
l
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
(G
S
M
)
b
e
c
a
u
se
o
f
it
s
c
o
n
sta
n
t
e
n
v
e
lo
p
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
tral
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
c
h
a
ra
c
teris
ti
c
s.
M
o
st
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
G
M
S
K
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
f
a
il
e
d
to
b
a
lan
c
e
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
it
h
e
ff
icie
n
t
u
sa
g
e
o
f
sp
e
c
tru
m
.
In
th
is
a
rti
c
le,
th
e
h
a
rd
w
a
r
e
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
o
f
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
CORD
IC
-
b
a
se
d
G
M
S
K
s
y
ste
m
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
,
w
h
ich
in
c
lu
d
e
s
G
M
S
K
M
o
d
u
latio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
n
d
G
M
S
K
De
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
c
o
n
sists
o
f
n
o
n
-
re
tu
r
n
z
e
ro
(NRZ
)
e
n
c
o
d
e
r,
a
n
in
teg
ra
to
r
f
o
ll
o
w
e
d
b
y
G
a
u
ss
ia
n
f
il
terin
g
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(F
M
)
.
T
h
e
G
M
S
K
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
c
o
n
sists
o
f
F
M
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
,
f
o
ll
o
w
e
d
b
y
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
NRZ
d
e
c
o
d
e
r
.
T
h
e
F
M
M
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
u
se
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
CORD
IC
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
a
n
In
-
p
h
a
se
(I)
a
n
d
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
(Q)
p
h
a
se
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
COR
DIC
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
b
y
u
sin
g
q
u
a
d
ra
n
t
m
a
p
p
in
g
a
n
d
p
i
p
e
li
n
e
d
str
u
c
tu
re
to
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
h
a
rd
w
a
re
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
in
G
M
S
K
s
y
ste
m
s.
Th
e
G
M
S
K
s
y
ste
m
is
d
e
si
g
n
e
d
o
n
th
e
X
il
i
n
x
p
latf
o
r
m
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
o
n
A
rti
x
-
7
a
n
d
S
p
a
rtan
-
3
EF
P
G
A
.
T
h
e
h
a
rd
w
a
r
e
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
li
k
e
a
re
a
,
p
o
w
e
r,
a
n
d
ti
m
in
g
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
re
su
m
m
a
rize
d
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
t
im
ize
d
CORD
IC
m
o
d
e
l
w
it
h
sim
il
a
r
CORD
IC
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s is
tab
u
late
d
w
it
h
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dif
f
e
r
en
t
iato
r
Dig
ital
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
y
n
t
h
esizer
FP
GA
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
GM
SK
I
n
teg
r
ato
r
P
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
I
n
stit
u
te o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
en
u
k
a
Kaj
u
r
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
P
E
SI
T
,
B
en
g
alu
r
u
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
r
en
u
k
ak
aj
u
r
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
er
a
o
f
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
th
e
p
r
i
m
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
th
at
h
a
s
a
p
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
it
h
a
co
n
s
tan
t
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
Ou
t
o
f
all,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
i
n
g
(
MS
K)
an
d
GM
SK.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
-
p
h
ase
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
in
g
(
C
P
FS
K)
f
a
m
il
y
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
p
er
at
in
g
at
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
e
n
v
elo
p
e
[
1
,
2
]
.
As
a
m
o
d
u
lated
s
ig
n
al
h
as
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t
a
m
p
litu
d
e,
th
e
p
o
w
er
u
tili
za
t
io
n
w
il
l
b
e
lo
w
b
y
u
s
i
ng
a
class
C
R
F
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
E
m
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
an
a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
n
ec
ess
a
r
y
f
o
r
b
atter
y
o
p
er
ated
u
n
its
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
is
w
ell
s
u
ited
d
ig
ita
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
t
y
p
e
an
d
u
s
ed
in
th
e
GSM
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
tan
t
en
v
elo
p
e
ar
e
t
w
o
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ti
cs
in
GM
SK
ar
e
cr
ed
ited
in
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
r
esu
lt
d
esp
ite
t
h
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
AC
I
)
an
d
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
ea
r
a
m
p
l
if
ier
s
p
r
ese
n
ce
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
i
g
n
al
is
an
e
x
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
m
o
f
MSK
s
i
g
n
al
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
i
n
g
o
v
er
it
a
n
d
al
s
o
co
n
v
er
ts
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ca
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
C
P
FS
K
o
r
a
f
i
lter
ed
o
f
f
s
et
-
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
k
e
y
in
g
(O
-
QP
SK)
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
ig
n
al
is
g
en
er
a
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
[
3
-
1
0
]
an
d
is
clas
s
i
f
ied
as
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
s
y
n
th
e
s
izer
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
o
s
cillato
r
(
VC
O)
d
ir
ec
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
Q
A
M)
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
w
ell
k
n
o
w
n
p
ar
tial
r
esp
o
n
s
e
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
h
ase
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
C
P
M
)
an
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
e
ar
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
m
a
n
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
as
a
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
h
ich
i
n
c
l
u
d
es
t
h
e
au
to
m
atic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
7
9
-
4686
4680
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
A
I
S)
r
ec
eiv
er
f
o
r
s
h
ip
-
b
ased
r
ad
io
-
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
f
o
r
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
(
C
R
)
an
d
v
e
s
s
el
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
s
ta
t
u
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
m
o
d
el
[
1
1
]
.
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
ized
CO
R
DI
C
b
ased
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
d
etailed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
an
d
al
s
o
ex
p
lai
n
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
ad
o
p
ted
in
GM
S
K
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Sectio
n
3
ex
p
lai
n
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
a
n
al
y
ze
s
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
b
ased
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
ex
is
ti
n
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es.
Sec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
e
o
v
er
all
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
tin
g
w
o
r
k
o
f
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
al
s
o
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
ex
is
t
in
g
C
O
R
DI
C
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
.
T
h
e
B
a
b
u
et
al.
[
1
2
]
d
escr
i
b
es
th
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
f
o
r
GSM
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
en
co
d
er
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
p
r
e
-
ca
lc
u
lated
g
a
u
s
s
ian
v
a
lu
e
s
f
o
r
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
an
I
Q
g
en
er
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
(
L
UT
)
b
ased
s
in
e
-
co
s
i
n
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
W
alter
et
al.
[
1
3
]
ex
p
lain
ab
o
u
t
GM
SK
Mo
d
u
lato
r
,
w
h
ic
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
elta
-
s
ig
m
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
ato
r
b
ased
s
y
n
t
h
esizer
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
R
F
m
o
d
u
lat
ed
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
also
p
r
o
to
ty
p
ed
th
e
GM
SK
Mo
d
u
lato
r
f
o
r
GSM
tr
an
s
m
itt
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
Gao
et
al.
[
1
4
]
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
GM
S
K
De
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
(
GP
U)
o
n
th
e
o
m
p
u
te
Un
i
f
ied
De
v
ice
A
r
c
h
itect
u
r
e
(
C
UD
A
)
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
an
d
m
ai
n
l
y
in
cl
u
d
es
R
ea
d
-
o
n
l
y
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
R
OM
)
m
o
d
u
le
s
f
o
r
W
av
ef
o
r
m
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
lo
w
p
ass
FIR
f
i
lter
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
.
Gh
n
i
m
i
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
p
r
esen
t
G
MSK
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
u
n
d
er
r
ad
io
m
o
b
ile
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
w
i
t
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
o
n
a
s
o
f
t
war
e
-
b
ased
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
S
u
p
r
iy
a
et
al.
[
1
6
]
p
r
esen
t
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
co
o
r
d
in
ate
r
o
tatio
n
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
u
ter
(
C
O
R
DI
C
)
b
ased
o
n
r
o
tatin
g
,
v
ec
t
o
r
in
g
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
cir
cu
lar
an
d
h
y
p
er
b
o
lic
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
u
s
e
m
o
r
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
u
n
it
f
o
r
r
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
ip
elin
ed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
in
b
o
th
th
e
m
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
C
O
R
DI
C
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
ch
ip
ar
ea
.
C
h
e
n
et
al.
[
1
7
]
p
r
esen
t
m
u
lt
ip
le
r
o
t
atio
n
C
O
R
DI
C
f
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
f
ast
f
o
u
r
ier
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
F
FT
)
ac
ce
ler
ato
r
,
th
e
FF
T
t
w
id
d
le
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
l
cu
latio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
C
OR
DI
C
r
o
tatio
n
,
w
h
ich
s
av
es
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
s
t
a
n
d
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
iter
atio
n
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
r
o
tatio
n
s
,
t
w
id
d
les
d
ir
ec
tio
n
p
r
ed
ictio
n
an
d
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
p
ar
allel
iter
ati
o
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
tili
ze
s
m
u
ch
ti
m
e
i
n
th
e
F
FT
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
h
u
n
g
et
al.
[
1
8
]
p
r
esen
t
th
e
FP
G
A
b
ased
b
ip
ed
r
o
b
o
t
an
g
le
s
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
b
ased
in
v
er
s
e
k
i
n
e
m
at
ic.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
s
t,
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
s
h
ar
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
ad
o
p
ted
an
d
r
ep
lace
d
th
e
m
u
lt
ip
lier
s
a
n
d
d
i
v
i
d
er
s
b
y
ad
d
er
s
a
n
d
s
h
i
f
ter
s
.
T
h
e
b
ip
ed
r
o
b
o
t
an
g
le
d
esi
g
n
u
s
e
s
1
8
-
s
tag
e
s
p
ip
elin
ed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
to
in
cr
e
ases
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l.
C
h
i
n
n
ath
a
m
b
i
e
t
al.
[
19
]
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
ar
ea
e
f
f
icie
n
t
C
OR
DI
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
w
h
ic
h
u
s
es
s
ix
s
ta
g
es
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
i
n
cl
u
d
es
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
d
w
it
h
a
p
ip
elin
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
u
n
r
o
lled
C
OR
DI
C
,
a
n
d
m
u
x
b
ased
C
OR
DI
C
.
T
h
e
T
i
w
ar
i
et
al.
[
2
0
]
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
C
OR
DI
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ich
i
n
clu
d
e
s
m
ix
ed
t
w
o
C
O
R
DI
C
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
o
f
s
a
m
e
a
n
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
an
d
a
n
o
th
er
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
h
y
b
r
id
C
O
R
DI
C
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
es
t
w
o
C
OR
DI
C
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
o
f
d
i
v
id
ed
an
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
e
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
es
u
tili
ze
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
.
T
o
r
r
es
et
al.
[
2
1
]
p
r
ese
n
t
FP
G
A
b
ased
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
b
ased
ata
n
2
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
w
h
ich
i
n
clu
d
e
s
z
-
p
ath
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
L
UT
an
d
ca
s
ca
d
ed
ca
r
r
y
ch
ai
n
.
W
an
g
et
al.
[
2
2
]
p
r
esen
t
1
6
-
b
it
C
O
R
DI
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
c
alcu
latio
n
th
e
f
u
ll
r
an
g
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
an
g
le
s
f
o
r
s
in
e,
co
s
i
n
e,
an
d
tan
g
en
t.
T
h
e
C
OR
DI
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
i
n
m
an
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
an
g
le
ca
lcu
latio
n
in
cl
u
d
es
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
QR
)
Dec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
m
u
ltip
le
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
l
e
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
ch
a
n
n
el
d
et
ec
tio
n
[
23
]
,
o
n
lin
e
s
p
ik
e
ti
m
e
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t p
last
ic
it
y
(
ST
DP
)
lear
n
in
g
w
it
h
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
[
2
4
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
r
ec
en
t
l
ite
r
atu
r
e,
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
n
o
ticed
th
a
t
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
ca
r
r
ied
o
n
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
m
aj
o
r
ly
b
ased
o
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
a
n
d
f
e
w
o
n
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
I
n
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
l
e
ex
is
t
in
g
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
r
r
ied
n
eith
er
o
n
GM
SK
Mo
d
u
lato
r
n
o
r
o
n
GM
SK
De
m
o
d
u
lato
r
,
an
d
n
o
t
th
e
co
m
p
lete
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
ex
is
t
in
g
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
f
ac
in
g
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
l
ex
it
y
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ch
ip
ar
ea
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
it
h
h
u
g
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
R
OM
b
ased
L
UT
tab
le
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
I
Q
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
an
d
L
o
ca
l
o
s
cillato
r
s
o
r
VC
O
ar
e
u
s
ed
I
Q
Mo
d
u
latio
n
in
all
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
ch
ip
ar
ea
an
d
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
o
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
I
Q
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
t
h
e
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
in
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al,
u
s
es
m
o
r
e
iter
atio
n
s
,
R
OM
b
ased
tab
le
u
s
ed
tan
g
e
n
t
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
u
s
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
"
Op
timiz
ed
C
OR
DI
C
meth
o
d
fo
r
co
s
t
-
effec
tive
GMS
K
s
y
s
te
ms
."
2.
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
E
D
CO
RD
I
C
B
A
SE
D
G
M
SK
SYST
E
M
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
ex
p
lain
ed
w
it
h
its
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
m
ai
n
l
y
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
GM
S
K
m
o
d
u
lato
r
an
d
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
m
ai
n
l
y
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
N
R
Z
(
n
o
n
-
r
etu
r
n
-
ze
r
o
)
en
co
d
er
,
in
teg
r
ato
r
,
G
au
s
s
ian
f
il
ter
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
FM)
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
y
n
t
h
esiz
er
(
DFS).
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
th
e
GM
SK
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
m
ain
l
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
FM
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f o
p
timi
z
ed
C
OR
DI
C
b
a
s
ed
GMS
K
s
y
s
tem
o
n
F
P
GA
p
la
tfo
r
m
(
R
en
u
ka
K
a
ju
r
)
4681
an
d
DFS,
d
if
f
er
en
tiato
r
,
an
d
NR
Z
d
ec
o
d
er
.
I
n
th
is
d
esig
n
,
1
-
b
it
GM
SK
in
p
u
t
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
g
en
er
ate
th
e
1
-
b
it
GM
SK o
u
tp
u
t.
N
R
Z
E
n
c
o
d
e
r
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
o
r
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
F
i
l
t
e
r
F
M
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
C
o
r
d
i
c
a
n
d
D
F
S
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
F
M
D
e
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
C
o
r
d
i
c
a
n
d
D
F
S
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
o
r
N
R
Z
D
e
c
o
d
e
r
G
M
S
K
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
G
M
S
K
D
e
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
G
M
S
K
I
n
p
u
t
G
M
S
K
O
u
t
p
u
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Desig
n
f
lo
w
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
2
.
1
.
G
M
SK
m
o
du
la
t
o
r
T
h
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
1
-
b
it
i
n
p
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
N
R
Z
en
co
d
er
.
T
h
e
XO
R
m
o
d
u
l
e
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
GM
S
K
1
-
b
it
i
n
p
u
t
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
d
ata
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
(D
-
FF
)
o
u
tp
u
t
as
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
in
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
m
an
d
g
r
an
t
s
th
e
1
-
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ic
h
is
in
p
u
t
to
in
te
g
r
ato
r
b
lo
ck
,
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ato
r
b
lo
ck
m
ai
n
l
y
h
as
f
o
u
r
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
r
eg
is
ter
s
w
h
ich
s
to
r
e
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
r
ato
r
d
ata
s
er
iall
y
a
n
d
ad
d
th
e
la
s
t
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
d
ata
w
it
h
f
i
r
s
t
in
p
u
t
t
o
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ato
r
1
-
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
f
ilter
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
in
g
f
i
n
ite
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
(
FIR)
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
f
ilter
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
f
o
r
8
-
tap
an
d
tar
g
ets
to
g
en
er
ate
1
6
-
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t.
I
t
m
ai
n
l
y
u
s
es
8
-
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
m
u
ltip
l
y
8
FIR
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
w
it
h
in
te
g
r
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t,
1
5
-
d
el
a
y
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
,
a
n
d
7
-
ad
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
7
th
ad
d
er
o
u
tp
u
t
g
en
er
ate
s
th
e
Ga
u
s
s
ian
f
ilter
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ic
h
is
i
n
p
u
t
to
F
M
Mo
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
FM
Mo
d
u
latio
n
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
FM
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
m
ai
n
l
y
c
o
n
tain
s
a
n
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
I
Q
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
t
w
o
D
FS
f
o
r
I
Q
Mo
d
u
latio
n
alo
n
g
w
it
h
C
o
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
an
d
A
d
d
er
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
D
I
C
m
o
d
el
g
en
er
ate
s
in
-
p
h
ase
(
I
)
f
o
r
co
s
in
e
(
co
s
1
)
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
(
Q
)
f
o
r
s
in
e
(
s
i
n
e1
)
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
h
ase
in
p
u
t
(
p
h
ase_
i
n
)
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
4
.
T
h
e
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
to
t
w
o
D
FS
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
t
w
o
DF
S
i
s
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
ar
b
itra
r
y
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
C
OR
DI
C
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
T
h
e
co
s
in
e
(
co
s
2
)
a
n
d
s
in
e
(
s
i
n
e2
)
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
I
Q
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
co
s
2
an
d
s
in
e2
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
in
teg
r
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t.
I
f
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t
is
‘
1
’
,
th
en
co
s
2
as
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
(
I
)
an
d
in
teg
r
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t
is
‘
0
’
,
th
e
n
s
in
e2
as
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
(
Q)
.
T
h
e
ad
d
er
a
d
d
s
I
an
d
Q
s
ig
n
al
s
an
d
f
r
a
m
e
t
h
e
1
2
-
b
it G
MSK
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t (
G
m
s
k
_
m
o
d
=
I
+Q
)
.
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
C
o
r
d
i
c
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
I
Q
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
D
F
S
-
1
f
o
r
I
Q
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
D
F
S
-
2
f
o
r
I
Q
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
U
n
i
t
A
d
d
e
r
c
o
s
1
s
i
n
e
1
c
o
s
2
s
i
n
e
2
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
o
r
_
o
u
t
G
m
s
k
_
m
o
d
I
Q
p
h
a
s
e
_
i
n
F
M
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
FM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
7
9
-
4686
468
2
2
.
2
.
Cha
nn
el
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
is
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
en
ce
g
en
er
atio
n
th
at
is
ca
lled
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
is
m
i
x
ed
w
it
h
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
o
u
tp
u
t
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
ized
o
u
t
p
u
t,
w
h
ich
is
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
GM
S
K
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
p
s
e
u
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
(
P
R
)
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
len
g
th
(
m
)
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Galo
is
f
ield
(
GF)
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
e
m
-
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
ar
e
g
e
n
er
a
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
li
n
ea
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
h
i
f
t
r
eg
i
s
ter
(
L
FS
R
)
a
n
d
w
h
ic
h
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
Galo
i
s
-
L
FS
R
.
Fo
r
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
Galo
is
-
L
F
S
R
i
s
a
b
etter
o
p
tio
n
th
an
Fib
o
n
ac
ci
-
L
F
SR
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
co
n
s
u
m
es
f
e
w
er
clo
c
k
c
y
cles
to
clo
ck
d
ela
y
p
ath
t
h
a
n
Fib
o
n
ac
ci
-
L
F
SR
.
I
n
d
esig
n
,
T
h
e
Galo
is
-
L
FS
R
f
o
r
a
5
th
o
r
d
er
g
en
er
atin
g
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
G
F
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
5
th
o
r
d
e
r
g
en
er
ato
r
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
L
FS
R
is
(
1
)
T
h
e
Galo
is
-
L
F
S
R
d
esi
g
n
u
s
es
6
-
m
u
ltip
lier
s
,
6
-
d
ela
y
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
5
-
ad
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ix
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
is
G=
[
1
,
0
,
0
,
1
,
0
,
1
]
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
L
F
SR
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
;
ad
d
th
e
t
w
o
L
FS
R
o
u
tp
u
t
s
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
i
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
ad
d
iti
v
e
w
h
ite
g
au
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
[
A
W
GN
]
g
en
er
atio
n
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
s
.
2
.
3
.
G
M
SK
de
m
o
d
ula
t
o
r
T
h
e
GM
SK
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
is
m
ai
n
l
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
FM
De
m
o
d
u
lato
r
alo
n
g
w
it
h
Di
f
f
er
en
tiato
r
an
d
NR
Z
d
ec
o
d
er
.
T
h
e
1
2
-
b
it
ch
a
n
n
el
o
u
tp
u
t
is
i
n
p
u
t
to
GM
SK
De
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
Har
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
FM
De
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
g
en
er
ates
t
h
e
co
s
in
e
an
d
s
in
e
o
u
tp
u
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
h
ase
i
n
p
u
ts
.
I
n
t
h
at,
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
co
s
in
e
(
co
s
1
)
f
o
r
th
e
DFS
m
o
d
u
le,
w
h
ic
h
g
en
er
ate
s
th
e
u
p
d
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
(
co
s
2
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
i
t
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
e
d
ela
y
ed
D
FS
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
ch
a
n
n
el
o
u
tp
u
t,
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
FM
d
e
m
o
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiato
r
r
ec
eiv
e
s
t
h
e
1
-
b
it
F
M
d
e
m
o
d
u
la
ted
o
u
tp
u
t
a
s
a
n
i
n
p
u
t,
a
n
d
it
m
a
in
l
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
r
eg
is
ter
s
a
n
d
s
u
b
tr
ac
t
o
r
u
n
i
ts
.
I
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiato
r
o
p
er
atio
n
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
1
-
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
NR
Z
d
ec
o
d
er
d
e
co
d
es
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tia
to
r
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
g
en
er
ate
s
th
e
1
-
b
it
G
MSK
d
e
m
o
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
GM
SK
o
u
tp
u
t
m
u
s
t
m
atch
w
i
th
GM
SK
in
p
u
t
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
.
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
C
o
r
d
i
c
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
I
Q
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
D
F
S
-
1
f
o
r
I
Q
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
U
n
i
t
c
o
s
1
c
o
s
2
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
_
o
u
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
h
a
s
e
_
i
n
F
M
D
e
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
l
a
y
R
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
FM
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
2
.
4
.
O
pti
m
ized
CO
RD
I
C
m
o
del
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
o
v
er
co
m
es
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
C
O
R
DI
C
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
li
k
e
r
o
tati
o
n
al
an
g
le
co
v
er
ag
e,
m
o
r
e
i
ter
ativ
e
s
ta
g
e
s
,
an
d
le
s
s
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
r
a
n
g
e,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
an
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
r
ea
d
-
o
n
l
y
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
R
OM
)
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
L
UT
u
p
d
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
a
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
i
t,
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
,
a
d
ela
y
u
n
it,
a
n
d
a
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
u
n
it
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
i
t
h
a
s
a
n
8
-
b
it
p
h
as
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
allo
ca
tes
th
e
f
ir
s
t
2
-
b
it
o
f
MSB
,
i.e
.
,
p
h
ase
i
n
p
u
t
[
7
:6
]
h
as
a
1
st
q
u
ad
r
an
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
2
-
b
it
i
n
p
u
t
s
to
d
ela
y
u
n
i
t.
I
n
d
e
s
ig
n
,
t
h
e
d
ela
y
u
n
it
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
f
i
n
d
s
th
e
q
u
ad
r
an
t
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
M
SB
2
-
b
it
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
8
-
b
it
o
u
tp
u
t
is
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
d
ela
y
u
n
it
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
o
u
tp
u
t
g
en
er
ates
p
ar
allell
y
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
ip
elin
ed
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
u
l
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fo
r
a
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
w
i
th
co
s
in
e
an
d
s
i
n
e,
a
ca
lc
u
latio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
s
tep
p
ip
elin
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
(
p
h
ase
v
alu
e)
is
i
n
p
u
t
to
Z
0
an
d
s
e
t
th
e
in
itial
v
alu
e
s
to
X
0
an
d
Y
0.
I
n
th
e
d
esig
n
,
s
i
x
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f o
p
timi
z
ed
C
OR
DI
C
b
a
s
ed
GMS
K
s
y
s
tem
o
n
F
P
GA
p
la
tfo
r
m
(
R
en
u
ka
K
a
ju
r
)
4683
iter
atio
n
s
ta
g
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
i
th
p
ip
elin
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Fo
r
ea
c
h
i
t
er
atio
n
s
ta
g
e,
th
e
an
g
le
(
a)
v
al
u
e
u
p
d
ated
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
th
e
R
OM
L
UT
tab
le
.
E
ac
h
s
tag
e,
a
s
et
o
f
o
u
tp
u
ts
lik
e
X
1
,
Y
1
,
a
n
d
Z
1
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
ea
c
h
clo
ck
c
y
cle,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
p
ee
d
o
f
it
w
ill
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
C
O
R
D
I
C
ca
lcu
latio
n
in
s
ta
g
es
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ip
elin
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
p
ip
elin
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
ca
lc
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
(
S)
v
al
u
e
w
il
l
b
e
u
p
d
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
MSB
(
7
th
)
b
it
o
f
Z
in
p
u
t
v
a
lu
e
o
r
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
v
al
u
es
li
k
e
Z
1
.
.
.
Z
6
.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
r
s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
Sig
n
(
S)
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
6
th
s
tag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ar
e
f
in
al
co
s
in
e
a
n
d
s
i
n
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
p
ip
elin
e
C
O
R
DI
C
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
o
u
tp
u
t
r
es
u
lt
s
b
ased
q
u
ad
r
an
ts
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
alu
e
s
.
I
n
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t
w
il
l
b
e
s
et
“
0
0
”
f
o
r
in
p
u
t a
n
g
le
[
0
o
,
9
0
o
]
,
“
0
1
”
f
o
r
an
g
le
[
9
0
o
,
180
o
]
,
“
1
0
”
f
o
r
an
g
le
[
1
8
0
o
,
2
7
0
o
]
an
d
“
1
1
”
f
o
r
an
g
le
[
2
7
0
o
,
3
6
0
o
].
P
r
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
U
n
i
t
P
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
d
C
o
r
d
i
c
M
o
d
u
l
e
P
o
s
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
U
n
i
t
D
e
l
a
y
m
o
d
u
l
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
s
i
n
e
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
p
u
t
8
M
S
B
2
-
b
i
t
s
[
7
:
6
]
2
2
8
8
8
8
8
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Op
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
>
>
0
>
>
0
±
±
±
X
0
Y
0
Z
0
S
0
a
0
>
>
1
>
>
1
±
±
±
X
1
Y
1
Z
1
S
1
a
1
>
>
n
-
1
>
>
n
-
1
±
±
±
X
n
-
1
Y
n
-
1
Z
n
-
1
S
n
-
1
a
n
-
1
C
o
s
i
n
e
V
a
l
u
e
S
i
n
e
V
a
l
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
p
ip
elin
ed
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
b
a
s
ed
GM
SK
S
y
s
te
m
r
e
s
u
lts
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
i
n
th
e
b
elo
w
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
in
g
Xi
lin
x
I
SE
1
4
.
7
to
o
l
u
s
in
g
Ver
ilo
g
-
HD
L
la
n
g
u
ag
e,
a
n
d
m
o
d
elsi
m
6
.
5
f
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
ed
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
ted
o
n
th
e
b
o
th
Sp
ar
tan
3
E
an
d
A
r
ti
x
-
7
FP
GA
p
lat
f
o
r
m
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
ev
ice
s
-
XC
3
S2
5
0
E
-
4
FT
2
5
6
an
d
XC
7
A
1
0
0
T
-
3
C
S
G3
2
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
b
as
ed
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
l
t
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
clo
ck
(
clk
)
s
ig
n
al
is
ac
tiv
a
ted
w
i
th
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ed
g
e
alo
n
g
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
-
lo
w
r
ese
t
(
r
s
t)
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
s
li
k
e
en
ab
le
(
e
n
)
an
d
s
tar
t
s
i
g
n
a
ls
ar
e
ac
ti
v
ated
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
u
s
ed
in
th
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ass
i
g
n
t
h
e
1
-
b
it
GM
SK
i
n
p
u
t
(
g
m
s
k
_
in
)
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
i
n
ter
est.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ts
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
in
p
u
t
as
s
i
g
n
ed
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
w
it
h
lo
n
g
d
ela
y
s
to
v
i
s
u
al
ize
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
7
9
-
4686
4684
th
e
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
GM
SK
in
p
u
ts
in
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
,
1
2
-
b
it
GM
SK
m
o
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
(
g
m
s
k
_
m
o
d
_
o
u
t)
is
g
e
n
er
ated
.
W
h
en
th
e
g
m
s
k
_
in
i
s
h
i
g
h
,
th
e
GM
SK
Mo
d
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
wo
r
k
s
at
1
.
7
2
MH
z,
an
d
w
h
en
g
m
s
k
_
i
n
i
s
lo
w
,
th
e
g
m
s
k
_
m
o
d
_
o
u
t o
u
tp
u
t
w
o
r
k
s
at
4
8
5
.
4
3
k
Hz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
o
n
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
w
av
e
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
lat
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
(
g
m
s
k
_
o
u
t)
is
g
e
n
er
ated
af
t
er
th
e
GM
SK
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
t
h
e
GM
SK
in
p
u
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
ela
y
o
f
1
clo
ck
c
y
cle.
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
o
r
k
e
f
f
e
ctiv
el
y
w
it
h
lo
w
laten
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
o
p
tim
ized
C
OR
DI
C
b
ased
GM
SK s
y
s
te
m
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
b
ase
d
GM
SK
S
y
s
te
m
is
s
y
n
th
e
s
iz
ed
,
an
d
af
ter
a
p
lace
an
d
r
o
u
te
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ar
ea
,
ti
m
e,
an
d
p
o
w
er
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
u
tili
ze
s
le
s
s
ch
ip
ar
ea
in
ter
m
s
o
f
2
7
1
s
lices,
3
3
1
Sli
ce
Fli
p
-
f
lo
p
s
,
a
n
d
4
9
9
f
o
u
r
-
I
n
p
u
t
L
UT
s
o
n
FP
G
A
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ated
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
8
9
.
0
6
8
MH
z
w
it
h
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
e
r
io
d
o
f
1
1
.
2
2
7
n
s
o
n
Sp
ar
tan
-
3
E
FP
G
A
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
ep
o
r
t
is
g
en
er
ated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
X
-
P
o
w
er
a
n
al
y
ze
r
to
o
l
w
it
h
a
n
FP
GA
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z.
T
h
e
GM
SK s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
u
m
es t
h
e
0
.
0
5
2
W
t
o
tal
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
s
y
n
t
h
esized
s
ep
ar
atel
y
,
an
d
a
f
ter
a
p
lace
an
d
r
o
u
te
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
t
il
iza
tio
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ar
ea
an
d
ti
m
e
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
u
tili
ze
s
8
8
s
lices,
1
1
9
Sli
ce
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
,
a
n
d
1
5
7
f
o
u
r
-
I
n
p
u
t
L
UT
s
o
n
FP
GA
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
o
p
er
ated
at
1
5
6
.
9
3
7
MH
z
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
w
it
h
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
6
.
3
7
2
n
s
o
n
Sp
ar
tan
-
3
E
FP
G
A
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
u
til
izatio
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
D
I
C
b
ased
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
Sp
ar
tan
-
3E
FP
G
A
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
O
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
b
a
se
d
G
M
S
K
s
y
st
e
m
A
r
e
a
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
S
l
i
c
e
s
2
7
1
S
l
i
c
e
F
l
i
p
-
F
l
o
p
s
3
3
1
4
-
i
n
p
u
t
L
U
T
s
4
9
9
T
i
me
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
P
e
r
i
o
d
(
n
s)
1
1
.
2
2
7
M
a
x
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
Z
)
8
9
.
0
6
8
P
o
w
e
r
T
o
t
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
(
W
)
0
.
0
5
2
T
ab
le
2
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
t
ilizatio
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
o
n
Sp
ar
tan
-
3E
FP
GA
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
U
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
O
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
D
e
si
g
n
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
S
l
i
c
e
s
88
S
l
i
c
e
F
l
i
p
-
F
l
o
p
s
1
1
9
4
-
i
n
p
u
t
L
U
T
s
1
5
7
M
a
x
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
Z
)
1
5
6
.
9
3
7
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
s
lik
e
g
en
er
al
u
n
r
o
lled
C
O
R
DI
C
,
P
ip
elin
ed
u
n
r
o
lled
,
an
d
m
u
x
b
ased
C
O
R
DI
C
[
2
5
]
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
li
k
e
ar
ea
(
Sli
ce
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
lices)
an
d
L
a
ten
c
y
(
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
clo
ck
cy
cle
s
)
ar
e
tab
u
lated
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
r
es
u
l
ts
ar
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
o
n
t
h
e
Sp
ar
ta
n
-
3
E
FP
GA
f
o
r
al
l
th
e
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
v
er
h
ea
d
ar
o
u
n
d
3
6
.
3
6
%
in
Sli
ce
-
FF
's
4
6
.
9
8
%
in
s
l
ices
an
d
3
6
.
3
6
%
in
laten
c
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
p
ip
elin
ed
u
n
r
o
lled
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
p
ip
eli
n
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f o
p
timi
z
ed
C
OR
DI
C
b
a
s
ed
GMS
K
s
y
s
tem
o
n
F
P
GA
p
la
tfo
r
m
(
R
en
u
ka
K
a
ju
r
)
4685
m
u
x
b
ased
C
O
R
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
,
ar
o
u
n
d
4
.
8
%
in
s
lice
-
F
F’s,
3
3
.
8
3
%
in
s
lices
,
an
d
1
2
.
5
%
in
laten
c
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
r
esu
lts
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
OR
DI
C
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
l
ex
it
y
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
it
h
ar
ea
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
i
n
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
d
es
ig
n
co
n
s
t
r
ain
ts
u
s
in
g
FP
G
A
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
h
er
e,
Atr
ix
-
7
FP
G
A
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
w
h
ich
is
2
8
n
m
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Sp
ar
tan
-
3
E
FP
G
A
,
w
h
ic
h
w
o
r
k
s
at
9
0
n
m
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
u
t
ilizatio
n
o
f
Op
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
b
a
s
ed
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
A
r
ti
x
-
7
FP
GA
i
s
tab
u
lated
i
n
T
a
b
le
4
,
an
d
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
o
n
l
y
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
Mo
d
u
le
o
n
A
r
t
ix
-
7
FP
G
A
is
ta
b
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
ab
le
3
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
w
ith
p
r
ev
io
u
s
[
2
5
]
C
O
R
D
I
C
M
e
t
h
o
d
S
l
i
c
e
F
l
i
p
-
f
l
o
p
s
N
o
.
o
f
S
l
i
c
e
s
L
a
t
e
n
c
y
(
C
l
o
c
k
c
y
c
l
e
s
)
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
U
n
r
o
l
l
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
[
2
0
]
1
3
4
1
6
0
7
P
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
d
U
n
r
o
l
l
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
[
2
0
]
1
8
7
1
6
6
11
P
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
d
M
u
x
b
a
se
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
[
2
0
]
1
2
5
1
3
3
8
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
O
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
1
1
9
88
7
T
ab
le
4
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
u
til
izatio
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
D
I
C
b
ased
GM
SK
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
A
r
tix
-
7
FP
GA
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
O
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
b
a
se
d
G
M
S
K
s
y
st
e
m
A
r
e
a
S
l
i
c
e
R
e
g
i
st
e
r
s
1
4
5
S
l
i
c
e
L
U
T
s
3
2
1
L
U
T
-
F
F
p
a
i
r
s
1
3
3
T
i
me
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
P
e
r
i
o
d
(
n
s)
3
.
8
5
4
M
a
x
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
Z
)
2
5
9
.
4
7
7
P
o
w
e
r
D
y
n
a
mi
c
p
o
w
e
r
(
W
)
0
.
0
0
8
T
o
t
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
(
W
)
0
.
0
9
T
ab
le
5
.
Har
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
t
ilizatio
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
u
le
o
n
A
r
tix
-
7
FP
G
A
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
U
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
O
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
D
e
si
g
n
S
l
i
c
e
R
e
g
i
st
e
r
s
98
S
l
i
c
e
L
U
T
s
1
1
4
L
U
T
-
F
F
p
a
i
r
s
81
M
a
x
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
Z
)
5
0
9
.
7
1
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
o
p
t
im
i
z
e
d
C
OR
D
I
C
b
a
s
ed
G
M
S
K
s
y
s
t
em
s
a
r
e
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
a
n
d
im
p
l
em
en
t
e
d
o
n
S
p
a
r
ta
n
-
3
E
an
d
A
r
t
x
-
7
F
PGA
.
T
h
e
GM
SK
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
a
in
ly
c
o
n
t
ai
n
NR
Z
-
E
n
c
o
d
e
r
an
d
d
e
c
o
d
e
r
,
in
t
eg
r
a
t
o
r
-
d
if
f
e
r
en
ti
a
t
o
r
,
G
a
u
s
s
i
an
f
il
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
F
M
-
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
-
d
em
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
al
o
n
g
w
ith
ch
an
n
e
l
.
I
n
FM
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
em
o
d
u
l
a
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
p
t
im
iz
e
d
C
O
R
D
I
C
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
f
o
r
I
Q
g
en
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
an
d
D
FS
h
a
s
u
s
e
d
I
Q
m
o
d
u
la
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
t
im
i
z
e
d
C
OR
D
I
C
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
a
l
an
d
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
ex
i
ty
b
y
u
s
in
g
p
i
p
el
i
n
e
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
e
a
l
o
n
g
w
ith
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
m
a
p
p
in
g
in
G
M
S
K
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
T
h
e
G
M
SK
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
s
im
u
l
at
e
d
a
n
d
s
y
n
th
e
s
i
z
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
X
i
l
in
x
p
l
a
tf
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
G
MS
K
s
y
s
tem
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
in
ts
l
ik
e
a
r
e
a
,
t
im
e
,
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
u
t
il
i
za
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
ta
b
u
l
a
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
G
M
SK
s
y
s
t
em
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
at
8
9
.
0
6
8
M
H
z
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
l
e
s
s
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
0
.
0
5
2
W
o
n
s
p
a
r
atn
-
3
E
F
PGA
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
o
n
A
r
tix
-
7
FP
G
A
,
t
h
e
GM
S
K
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
er
ate
at
2
5
9
.
4
7
7
MH
z
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
le
s
s
p
o
w
er
o
f
0
.
0
9
W
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
C
O
R
DI
C
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
C
OR
DI
C
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
i
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
ar
ea
an
d
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
i
ze
d
C
OR
DI
C
m
o
d
el
u
tili
za
ti
o
n
s
h
o
w
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
ar
o
u
n
d
3
3
.
8
3
%
in
s
lices
an
d
1
2
.
5
% in
laten
c
y
th
a
n
p
ip
elin
ed
-
M
u
x
b
ased
C
O
R
DI
C
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
E
.
M
a
g
a
n
a
,
M
a
ri
o
a
n
d
A
.
K
a
n
d
u
k
u
r
i,
“
N
o
n
-
d
a
ta
-
a
i
d
e
d
p
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
-
a
n
d
n
o
n
p
a
ra
m
e
tr
ic
-
b
a
se
d
c
a
rr
ier
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
e
st
im
a
to
rs
f
o
r
b
u
rs
t
G
M
S
K
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
s
tr
u
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
3
-
1
7
9
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
D.
Ra
p
h
a
e
li
,
"
A
re
d
u
c
e
d
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
e
q
u
a
l
ize
r
f
o
r
OQ
P
S
K
,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
T
.
A
.
N.
D
i
n
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
ta
t
u
s
D
a
ta
T
ra
n
sm
it
t
in
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
V
e
ss
e
l
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
IJ
E
C
E)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
1
7
-
9
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
E.
Ka
d
h
u
m
,
a
n
d
R
.
Ha
it
h
a
m
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
I
EE
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
T
ra
n
s
c
e
iv
e
r
S
y
ste
m
u
n
d
e
r
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
W
h
i
te
G
a
u
ss
ia
n
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
IJ
E
CE
)
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
1
8
4
-
4
1
9
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
H.
N
.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
T
.
R
.
S
a
e
e
d
,
A
.
H.
S
a
h
a
r,
"
Ef
f
ic
ie
n
t
e
rr
o
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
c
h
a
o
s
s
h
if
t
k
e
y
in
g
sig
n
a
l
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
IJ
E
CE)
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
5
5
0
-
3
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
7
9
-
4686
4686
[6
]
C.
W
u
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
S
i
n
g
le
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
b
l
in
d
s
o
u
rc
e
se
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
v
e
rla
p
p
e
d
G
M
S
K
sig
n
a
ls
u
n
d
e
r
c
o
n
sta
n
t
-
m
o
d
u
l
u
s c
o
n
s
tr
a
i
n
ts,
”
IE
E
E
Co
m
mu
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
L
e
t
ter
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
6
-
4
8
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
S
.
R
.
A
b
d
o
l
la
h
i
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
n
a
l
l
-
d
ig
i
tal
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
b
le
d
ig
i
tal
ly
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
le
d
-
o
sc
i
l
lat
o
r
(DCO
)
f
o
r
d
ig
i
tal
w
ire
les
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,”
i
n
IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
si
u
m
o
n
Ci
rc
u
i
ts
a
n
d
S
y
s
tem
s
,
2
0
0
-
I
S
CA
S
2
0
0
2
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
L
.
P
.
G
a
o
a
n
d
J
.
L
i
u
,
“
De
s
ig
n
o
f
D
u
a
l
-
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
A
IS
Dig
it
a
l
Re
c
e
iv
e
r
,
”
i
n
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
str
u
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
M
e
a
s
u
re
me
n
t,
C
o
m
p
u
ter
,
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
IM
CC
C)
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
X.
Da
i
,
Y
.
Zh
a
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
t
io
n
d
e
sig
n
o
f
C
2
P
M
w
it
h
s
h
o
r
t
f
ra
m
e
a
n
d
it
s
im
p
lem
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
2013
IE
EE
W
i
re
le
ss
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
i
n
g
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
W
C
N
C),
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
A
.
S
a
t
h
e
e
s
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
p
e
c
tr
u
m
se
n
s
i
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
e
n
e
rg
y
d
e
te
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
c
y
c
lo
sta
ti
o
n
a
ry
d
e
tec
t
o
r,
”
i
n
2
0
1
3
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
n
t
ro
l
C
o
m
mu
n
ic
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
(
ICC
C)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
W
h
i
te
d
,
J
o
se
p
h
C.
,
a
n
d
S
tev
e
n
L
.
W
h
i
te,
"
A
c
q
u
is
it
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
-
p
h
a
se
m
o
d
u
la
t
i
o
n
w
a
v
e
f
o
rm
,
"
U.S
.
P
a
te
n
t
6
,
9
3
4
,
3
2
7
,
iss
u
e
d
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
2
]
K.
M
.
N
.
Ba
b
u
,
a
n
d
K.
K
.
Vi
n
a
y
m
u
rt
h
i
,
“
G
M
S
K
m
o
d
u
la
t
o
r
f
o
r
G
S
M
sy
ste
m
,
a
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ica
l
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
o
n
F
P
G
A
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
1
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(
IC
C
S
P
)
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
W
.
T
.
Ba
x
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
C
o
p
e
la
n
d
,
“
A
G
M
S
K
m
o
d
u
la
t
o
r
u
si
n
g
a
/s
p
l
De
lt
a
/
/s
p
l
S
ig
m
a
/f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
is
c
rim
i
n
a
t
o
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
sy
n
t
h
e
si
z
e
r
,
”
I
EE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
l
i
d
-
S
t
a
te
Circ
u
i
ts
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
8
-
1
2
2
7
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
4
]
G
.
Xia
o
p
e
n
g
a
n
d
D
.
De
p
in
g
,
“
A
c
c
e
le
ra
te
G
M
S
K
d
e
m
o
d
u
lat
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
G
P
U
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
1
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
s
tem
S
c
ie
n
c
e
,
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
De
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
ri
n
g
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
IC
S
EM
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
S
.
G
h
n
im
i,
A
.
Ra
j
h
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
G
h
a
rsa
l
la
h
,
“
B
ER
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
G
M
S
K
m
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
ra
d
i
o
m
o
b
i
le
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s,
”
i
n
1
1
t
h
.
I
E
EE
M
e
d
i
ter
r
a
n
e
a
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
S
y
m
p
o
s
i
u
m (
M
M
S
)
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
6
]
S
h
i
rly
E
d
w
a
r
d
a
n
d
M
a
larv
iz
h
i
S
.
,
“
A
COR
DIC
b
a
se
d
Q
R
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
it
i
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
M
IM
O
d
e
te
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
IJ
E
CE)
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
1
-
2
7
3
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
J.
C
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
C
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
l
e
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
-
p
o
i
n
t
F
F
T
a
c
c
e
le
ra
t
o
r
o
n
F
P
G
A
b
a
se
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
le
-
r
o
tat
i
o
n
CO
RDIC
,
”
C
h
i
n
e
se
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
t
r
o
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
3
-
1
0
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
R.
L
.
C
h
u
n
g
,
Y
.
Q
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
L
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
F
u
l
ly
p
i
p
e
li
n
e
d
CO
RDIC
-
b
a
se
d
i
n
v
e
rs
e
k
i
n
e
m
a
ti
c
F
P
G
A
d
e
s
ig
n
f
o
r
b
i
p
e
d
ro
b
o
ts
,
”
E
lec
tr
o
n
ic
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
1
-
1
2
4
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
M
.
C
h
i
n
n
a
t
h
a
m
b
i,
N.
B
h
a
ra
n
i
d
h
a
ra
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ra
ja
ra
m
,
“
F
P
G
A
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
a
st
a
n
d
a
re
a
-
e
f
f
icie
n
t
C
ORD
IC
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
4
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
B.
T
iw
a
r
i
a
n
d
N
.
G
o
e
l
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
i
o
n
o
f
a
F
a
st
Hy
b
r
id
CO
RDIC
A
rc
h
it
e
c
t
u
re
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
6
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
ta
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
ll
i
g
e
n
c
e
&
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
CI
CT
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
V.
T
o
rr
e
s,
J.
Va
l
ls
,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
C
a
n
e
t,
“
O
p
t
im
ize
d
CO
RD
IC
-
b
a
se
d
a
ta
n
2
c
o
m
p
u
ta
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
F
P
G
A
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
6
-
1
2
9
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
X.
W
a
n
g
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tat
i
o
n
o
f
CO
RDI
C
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
F
P
G
A
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
8
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
R
o
b
o
t
s &
In
te
ll
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
tem
(
I
CRI
S
)
,
p
p
.
7
0
-
71
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
L
a
sh
,
Da
v
i
d
M
C
,
a
n
d
A
n
t
h
o
n
y
B.
L
a
s
h
,
"
M
a
r
i
n
e
v
e
ss
el
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
in
g
sy
ste
m
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
"
U
.
S
.
P
a
te
n
t
6
,
4
6
9
,
6
4
1
,
iss
u
e
d
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
4
]
S
.
A
g
g
a
rw
a
l,
P
.
K.
M
e
h
e
r
,
a
n
d
Ka
v
it
a
K
h
a
re
,
“
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
,
De
s
ig
n
,
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tat
i
o
n
o
f
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
C
ORD
IC
,
”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
r
g
e
S
c
a
le
I
n
te
g
r
a
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
s
tem
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
8
-
1
5
9
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
M
.
He
i
d
a
r
p
u
r,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
CO
RDI
C
-
S
NN
:
On
-
F
P
G
A
S
T
D
P
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
w
it
h
Iz
h
ik
e
v
ic
h
Ne
u
r
o
n
s
,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
s
tem
s
I
:
Re
g
u
l
a
r
P
a
p
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
6
6
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
1
-
2
6
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Re
n
u
k
a
R
.
K
a
ju
r
is
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
V
isv
e
sv
a
ra
y
a
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Be
la
g
a
v
i,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
In
d
ia.
S
h
e
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
B.
E
f
ro
m
Ba
s
a
v
e
sh
wa
ra
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
Ba
g
a
l
k
o
t,
In
d
ia,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
M
.
E
f
ro
m
UV
CE,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
In
d
ia.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
ro
u
n
d
1
5
y
e
a
rs
o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
tea
c
h
in
g
.
He
r
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
is
th
e
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
2
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
rs.
K
.
V
.
Pra
s
a
d
h
a
s
p
u
rsu
e
d
h
is
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
o
f
Hu
ll
,
Hu
ll
,
En
g
lan
d
,
a
n
d
Un
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
.
He
d
id
h
is
B.
T
e
c
h
in
1
9
8
3
a
n
d
M
.
T
e
c
h
in
1
9
8
5
f
ro
m
S
ri
V
e
n
k
a
tes
wa
ra
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
T
iru
p
a
ti
,
a
n
d
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
In
d
ia.
Dr.
K.
V
.
P
ra
sa
d
is
w
it
h
th
e
d
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
sin
c
e
2
0
1
0
a
f
ter
b
rief
in
d
u
stri
a
l
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
s.
A
lso
,
He
w
a
s w
o
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
IS
RO.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.