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I
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:
2088
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8708
I
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C
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Vo
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No
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ia
g
n
o
s
tic
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
elec
tr
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
elec
tr
ical
is
o
latio
n
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
u
ta
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
B
esid
e
th
a
t,
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
lete
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
o
n
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
h
ich
ca
n
last
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
h
o
u
r
s
h
as
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
th
e
p
o
w
er
u
til
itie
s
w
h
ic
h
li
m
it
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
n
b
asic
r
o
u
ti
n
e
tes
tin
g
a
n
d
a
p
p
lied
o
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
cr
itica
l
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
u
e
to
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies
o
f
lo
n
g
h
o
u
r
o
u
t
ag
es.
I
n
s
o
m
e
s
i
tu
at
io
n
s
,
d
u
e
to
s
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
lo
ad
in
g
th
e
o
u
tag
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
n
o
t p
er
m
itted
a
n
d
ca
u
s
ed
t
h
e
in
s
u
la
tio
n
a
g
ein
g
is
n
o
t b
ein
g
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
an
d
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
,
th
e
c
h
e
m
ical
a
n
al
y
s
es
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
in
s
u
lat
io
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ir
ec
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
li
k
e
o
il
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t,
s
l
u
d
g
e,
ac
id
it
y
,
Deg
r
ee
o
f
P
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
(
DP
)
an
d
DG
A
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
e
m
ic
al
an
al
y
s
e
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
n
d
er
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
w
h
er
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
a
m
p
lin
g
,
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
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s
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ig
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ica
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t
v
ar
ia
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ce
d
u
e
t
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
a
n
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ite.
A
l
l
th
ese
w
i
ll in
c
u
r
r
ed
h
i
g
h
co
s
t t
o
th
e
p
o
w
er
u
til
ities
a
s
p
ar
t o
f
th
eir
co
n
d
itio
n
b
ased
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
av
o
id
an
y
u
n
w
a
n
ted
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
,
ac
c
u
r
ate
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
n
d
itio
n
is
cr
u
cial
s
o
th
a
t
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
o
r
r
ef
u
r
b
is
h
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
ass
e
ts
ca
n
b
e
tak
e
n
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ail
u
r
es
t
a
k
e
p
lace
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
s
i
m
p
ler
b
u
t c
an
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
a
cc
u
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t r
esu
l
ts
i
s
h
ig
h
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
P
DC
w
as
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
in
cip
ie
n
t
f
a
u
lt
o
c
cu
r
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
o
il
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
as
t
ak
en
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
a
n
d
test
ed
f
o
r
its
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
P
DC
p
atter
n
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
w
it
h
n
o
r
m
al,
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
ar
cin
g
f
au
lts
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
A
n
A
r
ti
f
ic
ial
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
(
A
NN)
w
as
u
s
ed
to
id
en
t
if
y
ea
ch
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
c
f
o
r
f
au
l
ts
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
w
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
estab
lis
h
ed
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
es.
2.
P
O
L
ARI
Z
AT
I
O
N
AND
D
E
P
O
L
ARI
Z
AT
I
O
N
CUR
RE
NT
M
E
ASURE
M
E
NT
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
v
er
s
t
h
e
d
eta
ils
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
test
s
et
-
u
p
an
d
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
P
DC
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
2
.
1
.
M
ea
s
uring
T
est
Circ
uit
T
h
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
d
ep
o
lar
izatio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
cial
P
D
C
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
An
al
y
ze
r
-
1
MO
D
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
d
b
y
A
l
f
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
S
w
i
tz
er
lan
d
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
ze
r
ca
n
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
e
x
citatio
n
v
o
ltag
e
u
p
to
2
k
V
DC
an
d
m
e
asu
r
e
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
n
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
u
p
to
1
0
0
0
0
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
ze
r
is
th
en
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
test
ce
l
l
w
i
th
e
lectr
o
d
e
g
ap
o
f
1
.
5
m
m
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
6
0
p
F.
T
w
o
elec
tr
o
d
es
cir
cu
it
w
er
e
u
s
ed
,
o
n
e
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
te
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
is
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
s
u
lati
n
g
liq
u
id
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
is
ab
o
u
t
2
1
0
m
l.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
et
-
u
p
u
s
ed
in
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
w
o
r
k
s
.
A
ll
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
1
0
0
0
V
an
d
p
o
la
r
izatio
n
an
d
d
ep
o
lar
izatio
n
ti
m
es o
f
1
0
,
0
0
0
s
ea
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
Ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
T
est Set
-
Up
[
1
5
]
S1
S2
Con
t
rol
vol
t
a
ge
Com
put
e
r
w
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t
h
D
S
P
boa
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V
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P
D
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A
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r
1
M
O
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
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SS
N:
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8708
F
a
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d
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tifi
ca
tio
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In
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fo
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Usi
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C
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r
r
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t A
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a
lysi
s
(
M.
A
.
Ta
lib
)
561
2
.
2
.
O
il T
est
Sa
m
ple
T
h
e
o
il
s
am
p
les
u
s
ed
in
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
ar
e
h
y
d
r
o
ca
r
b
o
n
b
a
s
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in
er
al
o
il
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
in
-
s
er
v
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tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
p
er
atin
g
at
Ma
la
y
s
ia
p
o
w
er
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
h
ad
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
l
y
b
ee
n
id
en
t
if
ied
b
ased
o
n
DG
A
d
ata
o
f
t
h
e
ir
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
o
il
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
e
te
s
t
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
clas
s
i
f
ied
in
to
f
o
u
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
n
o
r
m
al,
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
o
v
er
h
ea
t
in
g
an
d
ar
cin
g
.
P
r
io
r
to
P
DC
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
DG
A
w
as p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ag
ai
n
o
n
t
h
e
o
il
s
a
m
p
les to
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tib
le
g
ase
s
an
d
i
ts
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
f
au
lts
.
I
n
ea
ch
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
o
il
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
ta
k
en
f
r
o
m
1
0
u
n
its
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
a
n
d
ev
er
y
u
n
i
t
h
as
3
s
a
m
p
les;
i.e
.
t
h
er
e
ar
e
3
0
o
il
s
a
m
p
les
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
d
iti
o
n
.
E
ac
h
P
DC
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
r
ep
ea
ted
f
o
r
f
iv
e
ti
m
e
s
o
n
all
o
il
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
e
a
i
m
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
s
u
c
h
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
an
d
r
ep
etitio
n
o
f
P
DC
ass
es
s
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
a
s
to
ascer
tain
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
test
r
esu
l
ts
.
T
o
av
o
id
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
o
n
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
d
ep
o
lar
izatio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
it
w
a
s
cr
u
cial
t
h
a
t th
e
o
il sa
m
p
les
w
e
r
e
d
r
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
li
m
ited
to
th
e
u
n
i
ts
w
it
h
m
o
is
t
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t le
s
s
t
h
an
3
0
p
p
m
; c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
d
r
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
I
E
C
6
0
4
2
2
-
2
0
1
3
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
3
.
T
esting
P
ro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
te
s
t
r
e
s
u
l
ts
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
P
DC
tes
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
test
v
es
s
el
m
u
s
t
b
e
clea
n
ed
p
r
io
r
to
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ch
m
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s
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r
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m
en
t
p
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as
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t
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a
f
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t
th
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c
u
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en
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s
,
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e
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e
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x
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s
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p
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to
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j
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s
a
m
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w
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Fig
u
r
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2
s
h
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th
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f
lo
w
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h
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ex
p
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Fig
u
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2
.
Flo
w
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E
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tal
W
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
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SCU
SS
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O
NS
T
h
e
p
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la
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cu
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.
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t
if
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Neu
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Net
w
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A
NN)
w
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.
3
.
1
.
Ana
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f
P
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riza
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io
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a
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Depo
la
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ent
Sin
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is
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to
ch
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esp
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[
1
6
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.
Fig
u
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3
(
a
)
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b
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s
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av
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t
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r
oi
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sa
m
pl
e
Y
e
s
End
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
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C
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Vo
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7
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
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d
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lar
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cu
r
r
en
t p
atter
n
o
f
n
o
r
m
al,
p
ar
tial d
is
c
h
ar
g
e,
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
ar
cin
g
o
il sa
m
p
les
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
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lar
iz
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cu
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en
t p
atter
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m
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4
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d
th
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least
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f
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cu
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en
t,
w
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itio
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to
th
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t
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at
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in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
F
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3
.
2
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Select
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Curre
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a
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r
d
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to
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
p
o
lar
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r
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is
t
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e
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o
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en
t.
On
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ep
o
la
r
izatio
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r
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en
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co
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ec
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s
e
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n
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ex
i
s
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o
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l
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en
t
h
e
v
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ltag
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is
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p
lied
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e
d
ielec
tr
ic.
Fro
m
th
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lt
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o
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p
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lar
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a
n
d
d
ep
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r
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en
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e
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e
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
it
h
f
a
u
lt
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Nev
er
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h
eles
s
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it
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i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
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en
ti
f
y
a
n
d
class
i
f
y
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
t
h
at
a
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
u
s
ed
to
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
in
cip
ie
n
t f
a
u
lt
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
a
n
A
r
ti
f
icia
l
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
(
A
NN)
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
f
u
r
th
er
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
f
au
lt
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en
ti
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icatio
n
.
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h
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lat
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o
f
t
h
e
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N
w
as
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o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
Ne
u
r
al
Net
w
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k
T
o
o
lb
o
x
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
.
I
n
itiall
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
w
a
s
n
o
r
m
al
ized
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
b
j
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tiv
e
o
f
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
s
tatis
t
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
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o
f
ea
ch
in
p
u
t
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al
u
e.
I
n
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
in
i
m
u
m
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alu
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o
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
d
ata
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
n
o
r
m
alize
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c
h
s
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n
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le
in
p
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
a
tio
n
[
]
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
I
i
s
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
lized
v
alu
e
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
ata.
I
min
an
d
I
max
ar
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
AN
N
an
d
th
e
t
y
p
ical
r
an
g
e
i
s
-
1
to
1
o
r
0
to
1
.
D
is
th
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in
p
u
t
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o
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ea
ch
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ata
w
h
ile
D
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a
n
d
D
max
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e
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e
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i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
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m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
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t
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ata.
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s
a
3
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c
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m
p
r
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o
f
i
n
p
u
t,
h
id
d
en
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d
o
u
tp
u
t
la
y
er
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
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f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
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k
,
th
e
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NN
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ti
lized
2
h
id
d
en
lay
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s
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i
th
1
0
0
n
eu
r
o
n
s
o
n
ea
ch
la
y
er
.
I
n
itiall
y
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th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
e
m
p
lo
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ed
to
tr
ain
t
h
e
A
N
N
is
B
ac
k
P
r
o
p
ag
atio
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(
B
P
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
o
s
lo
w
f
o
r
p
r
a
ctica
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p
r
o
b
lem
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
m
u
ltil
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n
et
w
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k
s
u
s
e
s
ig
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o
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s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
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s
in
th
e
h
id
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en
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er
s
.
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h
ese
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
,
k
n
o
w
n
as
„
s
q
u
as
h
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n
g
‟
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co
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
n
f
i
n
ite
in
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u
t
r
an
g
e
i
n
to
a
f
i
n
ite
o
u
tp
u
t
r
a
n
g
e.
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m
o
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f
u
n
ct
io
n
i
s
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
eir
s
lo
p
e
m
u
s
t
ap
p
r
o
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h
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as
th
e
in
p
u
t
g
et
s
lar
g
e.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
e
s
a
p
r
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b
lem
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
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teep
est
d
escen
t
to
tr
ain
a
m
u
l
ti
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er
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
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th
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ig
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n
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ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
ca
n
h
a
v
e
a
v
er
y
s
m
al
l
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
ca
u
s
i
n
g
s
m
al
l
ch
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
w
e
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
b
iases
,
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e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
w
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h
ts
an
d
b
ia
s
es
ar
e
f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
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o
p
ti
m
a
l
v
a
lu
es.
T
h
u
s
,
a
f
aster
B
ac
k
P
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
(
B
P
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
R
esil
ien
t
B
ac
k
P
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
(
R
p
r
o
p
)
w
a
s
u
s
ed
as
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
tr
ain
t
h
e
A
NN.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
el
i
m
in
ate
s
t
h
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
d
er
iv
a
tiv
e
s
.
On
l
y
th
e
s
ig
n
o
f
th
e
d
er
iv
a
ti
v
e
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
ei
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h
t
u
p
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ate.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
ch
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n
g
e
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
a
s
ep
ar
ate
u
p
d
a
te
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
u
p
d
ate
v
alu
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
w
ei
g
h
t a
n
d
b
ias is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
a
f
ac
to
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th
at
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ep
en
d
s
o
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th
e
d
er
iv
at
iv
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o
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t
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er
f
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m
a
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ce
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w
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esp
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t
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h
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
s
i
g
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
iter
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n
.
I
f
t
h
e
d
er
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a
tiv
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is
z
er
o
,
th
e
u
p
d
ate
v
al
u
e
r
e
m
ain
s
th
e
s
a
m
e.
W
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
s
ar
e
o
s
cilla
tin
g
,
th
e
w
ei
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t
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h
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g
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is
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ed
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d
.
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f
th
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h
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co
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u
e
s
to
ch
an
g
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i
n
th
e
s
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m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ev
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e
m
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o
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t c
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R
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al
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t
h
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al
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ased
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m
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ch
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B
h
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w
at
[
1
8
]
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CO
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I
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th
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ap
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ex
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ap
p
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tr
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h
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s
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m
p
le
w
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n
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p
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ar
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test
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ase
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p
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an
d
d
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cu
r
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en
t.
T
h
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ch
an
g
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s
o
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m
o
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l
ar
p
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s
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o
f
b
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ea
s
u
r
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c
u
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r
en
ts
.
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h
e
s
en
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it
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s
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w
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(
A
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s
h
o
w
s
t
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at
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e
p
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lar
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cu
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en
t
g
i
v
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etter
ac
cu
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ac
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f
y
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n
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if
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er
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t
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co
n
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n
s
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
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lar
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n
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
u
s
,
d
ep
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lar
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n
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
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r
e
m
en
t
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
e
w
alter
n
ati
v
e
in
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
i
n
cip
ien
t
f
a
u
lts
a
n
d
s
u
c
h
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
av
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id
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
ic
f
ail
u
r
es o
f
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
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e
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u
p
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f
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NB
an
d
Ma
lay
s
ia
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
U
n
i
v
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
Vo
t
0
5
J
8
2
,
0
4
H6
7
,
4
L
0
1
4
,
an
d
4
L
6
0
7
)
f
o
r
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
u
n
i
l
M
,
Ja
ra
li
k
a
r,
A
ru
n
a
M
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
ta
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
Vo
l.
2
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
25
.
[2
]
J.A
.
Lap
w
o
rth
,
P
.
N.
Ja
rm
a
n
a
n
d
I
.
R.
F
u
n
n
e
l
l,
“
Co
n
d
i
ti
o
n
Asse
ss
me
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
Fo
r
L
a
rg
e
P
o
we
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rs
”
,
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
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n
t
h
e
Re
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f
T
ra
n
s
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is
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n
a
n
d
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
Eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
p
p
8
5
-
9
0
,
1
9
9
5
.
[3
]
R.
S
c
h
w
a
rz
,
M
.
M
u
h
r,
“
Di
a
g
n
o
stic
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
r”
,
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
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ti
o
n
M
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i
to
ri
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n
d
Dia
g
n
o
sis,
p
p
9
7
4
-
9
7
7
,
2
0
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2088
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8708
I
J
E
C
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Vo
l.
7
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No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
7
:
5
5
9
–
567
566
[4
]
H.
Bo
rsi,
E.
G
o
c
k
e
n
b
a
c
h
,
“
Co
mp
a
riso
n
b
e
twee
n
Oil
Imm
e
rs
e
d
a
n
d
S
F6
Ga
s
Po
we
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rs
Ra
ti
n
g
s”
,
T
e
c
h
Co
n
A
sia
-
P
a
c
if
ic Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
, 1
-
2
M
a
y
2
0
0
7
,
S
y
d
n
e
y
,
A
u
stra
li
a
.
[5
]
W
a
n
g
,
M
.
;
V
a
n
d
e
rm
a
a
r,
A
.
J.;
S
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
K.D.,
“
Re
v
ie
w
Of
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
Of
P
o
w
e
r
Tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r
In
S
e
rv
ice
”
,
IEE
E
El
e
c
trica
l
In
su
la
ti
o
n
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
V
o
l
1
8
,
Iss
u
e
6
,
p
p
1
2
-
2
5
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
L
iu
Yo
n
g
,
X
iao
c
h
e
n
;
Ji,
S
h
e
n
g
c
h
a
n
g
“
S
tu
d
y
On
S
we
e
p
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
e
th
o
d
Fo
r
De
t
e
c
ti
n
g
In
ter
n
a
l
W
in
d
in
g
S
h
o
rt
Circ
u
it
Fa
u
lt
I
n
P
o
we
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
r”
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
M
o
d
u
lato
r
a
n
d
Hig
h
V
o
l
tag
e
(IP
M
H
V
C),
p
p
1
3
7
-
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
A
lj
o
h
a
n
i,
O.;
A
b
u
-
S
iad
a
,
A
.
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
Of
FR
A
Po
la
r
Pl
o
t
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
T
o
Dia
g
n
o
se
In
ter
n
a
l
Fa
u
lt
s
In
P
o
we
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rs
”
,
IEE
E
P
ES
G
e
n
e
ra
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
&
Ex
p
o
sit
io
n
,
p
p
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
IEE
E
G
u
id
e
f
o
r
Dia
g
n
o
stic
F
ield
T
e
stin
g
o
f
F
lu
id
-
F
il
le
d
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs,
Re
g
u
lato
rs,
a
n
d
Re
a
c
to
rs,
IEE
E
C5
7
.
1
5
2
-
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
IEC
S
tan
d
a
rd
,
M
i
n
e
ra
l
Oil
-
im
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0
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.
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ried
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lff
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EE
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tri
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l
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su
lati
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n
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o
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e
re
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e
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1
3
),
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p
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4
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5
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,
2
0
1
3
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li
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h
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lo
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in
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th
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1
9
9
7
,
a
n
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M
a
ste
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g
re
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n
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g
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ra
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a
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8
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s
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y
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NB
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h
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p
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ro
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Un
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f
Ne
w
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o
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th
W
a
les
,
A
u
stra
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in
a
re
a
o
il
in
su
lati
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m
o
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it
o
rin
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a
n
d
d
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n
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sis
.
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c
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re
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in
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k
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a
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s)
.
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