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ac
h
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
f
ac
ilit
a
tin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e
in
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
/le
g
ib
ilit
y
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
th
at
ar
e
m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
etr
ics
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
il
it
y
w
er
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
a
n
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ti
cs.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
to
ei
g
h
tee
n
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
e
x
p
er
t
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
ei
g
h
t
o
f
f
icer
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
A
p
p
lic
atio
n
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Sectio
n
s
f
r
o
m
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
ter
,
an
d
ten
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
lec
tu
r
er
s
at
th
e
Sc
h
o
o
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics a
n
d
A
p
p
lied
Ma
th
e
m
atics.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
as c
o
n
d
u
cted
w
it
h
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e:
-
T
o
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
f
o
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
/co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
(
C
R
E
A
)
b
ased
o
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
ac
tu
a
l
an
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
er
(
ex
p
er
tis
e)
,
-
T
o
esti
m
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
le
v
el
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
m
etr
ic.
T
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
lev
el
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t to
s
et
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
v
al
u
es b
ased
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
ac
t
u
al
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
ec
t
io
n
s
.
I
n
Sectio
n
2
,
th
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
ar
e
p
r
es
en
ted
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
alu
a
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
(
C
R
E
A
)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
c
s
ar
e
elab
o
r
ated
in
Sectio
n
3
.
T
h
e
m
etr
ic
s
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
R
E
A
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
4
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
5
.
L
ast
l
y
,
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
ar
e
d
r
aw
n
in
Se
ctio
n
6
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
i
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
th
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
;
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
e
v
al
u
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
e
v
al
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
.
2
.
1
.
Co
m
po
nent
ev
a
lua
t
io
n a
pp
ro
a
ches
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
e
v
al
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
e
s
s
e
n
tial
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
it
h
r
eu
s
e
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e;
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
q
u
alit
y
,
o
r
ig
i
n
alit
y
,
an
d
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
L
an
d
et
al.
[
2
0
]
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ev
alu
a
tio
n
h
a
s
t
w
o
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
ch
as;
(
i)
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ce
r
ti
f
icat
io
n
t
h
at
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
n
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
p
la
y
er
to
d
el
iv
er
a
tr
u
s
t
wo
r
th
y
v
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
an
d
(
ii)
co
m
p
o
n
en
t e
v
alu
a
tio
n
t
h
at
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
a
s
y
s
te
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
li
ter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
e
v
alu
atio
n
,
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
ed
i
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
e
v
al
u
atio
n
ar
e
P
r
o
d
u
ct
L
in
e
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
(
P
L
C
)
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
Or
ig
i
n
al
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
(
OC
)
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
Qu
alit
y
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
(
Q
C
)
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
R
e
u
s
ab
le
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
R
C
)
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
e
v
ie
w
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
,
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
an
d
m
etr
ics to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t so
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t e
v
al
u
atio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Reusa
ble c
o
m
po
ne
nt
(
RC)
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
a
v
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et
k
ee
p
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
h
av
e
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ev
al
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
s
u
it
w
it
h
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
an
d
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
al
u
atio
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
w
h
e
n
r
eu
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
R
C
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ca
ter
f
o
r
t
h
ese
n
ee
d
s
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
ed
b
y
[
1
7
]
th
at
ap
p
lied
s
em
i
-
f
o
r
m
a
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
m
etr
ics
in
R
C
.
W
h
ile
a
n
o
th
er
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
m
e
tr
ic
is
an
in
f
o
r
m
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
OC
a
n
d
QC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
u
s
ed
o
n
e
lev
el
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
,
R
C
u
s
ed
t
w
o
le
v
el
s
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
to
v
a
lid
ate
th
e
m
etr
i
cs
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
an
ec
d
o
tal
[
2
1
]
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t [
1
7
]
.
B
ased
o
n
R
e
u
s
e
B
ased
Ob
j
ec
t
Or
ien
ted
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
R
E
B
OOT
)
m
o
d
el
[
2
2
]
,
th
e
R
C
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
ev
alu
ati
n
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
cl
u
d
es
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i.e
.
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
/
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
,
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
en
ce
/
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
E
v
er
y
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
h
a
s
t
h
eir
o
w
n
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
C
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
r
eu
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
el
y
a
n
d
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
b
est c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
r
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
2
.
3
.
Cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics o
f
co
m
po
nen
t
ev
a
lua
t
io
n a
pp
ro
a
ches
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
a
s
,
P
L
C
,
OC
,
QC
an
d
R
C
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
if
tee
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
u
ch
a
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
ep
lace
tab
ilit
y
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
co
m
m
o
n
al
it
y
,
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
co
m
m
o
n
ab
ilit
y
,
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
r
ich
n
e
s
s
,
tai
lo
r
ab
ilit
y
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ab
ilit
y
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
e
f
f
icien
c
y
,
m
ai
n
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
,
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
(
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
)
,
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
ce
/ p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
[
2
1
,
2
3
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
5
4
2
8
-
5
4
3
5
5430
3.
CO
M
P
O
NE
NT
R
E
USAB
I
L
I
T
Y
E
VA
L
UA
T
I
O
N
AP
P
R
O
ACH
(
CREA)
3
.
1
.
So
f
t
wa
re
co
m
po
nent
ev
a
lua
t
io
n c
ha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics a
nd
s
ub
c
ha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
an
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
r
ee
m
o
d
els
ar
e
ad
o
p
ted
w
h
ich
is
a
R
eb
o
o
t
m
o
d
el
[
2
2
]
,
C
ar
d
in
o
m
o
d
el
[
1
8
]
an
d
W
ash
izak
i
m
o
d
el
[
1
7
]
.
R
eb
o
o
t
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
o
u
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
a
n
d
n
i
n
e
s
u
b
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
C
ar
d
in
o
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
o
u
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
a
n
d
s
i
x
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
W
as
h
iza
k
i
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
t
h
r
ee
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
in
e
s
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eu
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
d
el
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
m
o
d
if
ied
w
it
h
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
an
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
th
at
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
m
o
d
el
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
2
4
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics an
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
T
h
e
th
r
ee
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
ab
ilit
y
,
ad
ap
tab
i
lit
y
,
an
d
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
ch
o
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
ese
s
elec
ted
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
h
a
v
e
al
s
o
th
e
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ti
cs
:
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
ab
ilit
y
(
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
lev
e
l
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ali
t
y
)
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
(
c
u
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
)
,
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
(
ex
ter
n
al
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
)
.
Fro
m
th
ese
s
elec
ted
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
,
f
iv
e
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
ili
t
y
ev
alu
a
tio
n
w
er
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
,
n
a
m
el
y
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Do
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
L
e
v
el
(
V
C
D
L
)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ta
tio
n
le
v
el,
Val
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Ob
s
er
v
ab
il
i
t
y
(
VC
O)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
o
b
s
e
r
v
ab
ilit
y
,
Val
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
C
u
s
to
m
izab
ili
t
y
(
VC
C
)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
c
u
s
to
m
i
za
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
v
alu
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
Fan
-
i
n
(
VC
Fi),
a
n
d
Val
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Fa
n
-
o
u
t
(
VC
FO)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
e
x
t
er
n
al
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
a
n
d
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
s
o
f
t
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ili
t
y
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
(
C
R
E
A
)
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
tis
e
’
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ar
e
illu
s
tr
at
ed
as Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t m
etri
cs me
a
s
u
r
e
men
t le
ve
l fo
r
co
mp
o
n
en
t reu
s
a
b
ilit
y
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
.
..
(
S
u
r
ya
n
i I
s
ma
il)
5431
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics,
s
u
b
-
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
m
e
tr
ics f
o
r
C
R
E
A
4.
M
E
T
RICS
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
NS
F
O
R
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CRE
A
Fro
m
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
t
h
at
w
as c
h
o
s
en
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
lifie
d
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
f
i
v
e
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
w
er
e
d
ef
in
ed
,
n
a
m
el
y
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Do
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
L
ev
el
(
V
C
D
L
)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
le
v
el,
Val
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
Ob
s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
(
VC
O)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
o
b
s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
,
Val
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
C
u
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
(
V
C
C
)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
cu
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
,
an
d
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Fa
n
-
i
n
(
VC
Fi),
an
d
Valu
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Fa
n
-
o
u
t
(
V
C
F
o
)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
e
x
ter
n
al
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
as
s
h
o
wn
as
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Me
asu
r
ed
v
alu
es
o
f
all
m
e
tr
ics
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
n
o
r
m
al
ized
b
et
w
ee
n
n
u
m
b
er
0
an
d
1
[
1
7
,
2
5
-
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
all
m
etr
ic
s
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
to
th
e
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
(
FIS)
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
u
s
a
b
ilit
y
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
o
v
er
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
)
.
4
.
1
.
Va
lue o
f
co
m
po
nent
do
cu
m
e
nta
t
io
n lev
el
(
VCDL)
T
h
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
lev
el
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
d
icate
s
w
h
et
h
er
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
ev
er
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
(
a
v
ailab
le
)
.
I
t
ca
n
s
p
ec
i
f
y
e
x
i
s
te
n
ce
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
b
y
c
h
ec
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
e
v
er
y
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
ex
is
t
s
o
n
clas
s
es
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hr
is
to
v
et
al.
[
29
]
,
th
is
m
etr
ic
ca
n
ca
lcu
late
b
y
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t,
q
u
alit
y
,
co
m
p
le
ten
es
s
an
d
ex
is
ten
c
e
o
f
le
g
al
ter
m
s
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ta
tio
n
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
W
a
s
h
iza
k
i
et
al.
[
1
7
]
,
u
s
ed
e
x
i
s
ten
ce
o
f
m
eta
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
e
x
i
s
ts
o
r
n
o
t
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
s
a
m
e
tr
ic
to
ca
lcu
late
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
it
u
s
ed
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
to
ca
lcu
l
ate
th
is
m
etr
ic.
Def
i
n
itio
n
:
VC
DL
is
t
h
e
lev
e
l
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
c.
I
t
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ta
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
is
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
c
d
i
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
VC
D
L
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t i
s
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
(
1
)
:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
,
(
)
>
0
(1
)
0
,
(
)
<
=
0
w
h
er
e
,
c
is
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t/p
ac
k
ag
e
,
Nd
(
c)
is
p
r
esen
ted
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
f
o
r
m
e
th
o
d
s
i
n
c
,
an
d
A
d
(
c)
is
a
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
c.
4
.
2
.
Va
lue o
f
co
m
po
nent
o
bs
er
v
a
bil
it
y
(
VCO
)
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
to
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
[
1
7
]
.
Sin
g
h
a
n
d
T
o
m
ar
[
3
0
]
,
Ko
tesk
a
a
n
d
Veli
n
o
r
[
3
1
]
r
ef
er
r
ed
W
ash
iza
k
i
m
etr
ics
i
n
esti
m
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eu
s
ab
ili
t
y
i
n
th
eir
p
ap
er
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
g
etter
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
th
i
s
m
e
tr
ic.
Char
a
c
t
e
rist
ic
s
Sub
Char
a
c
t
e
rist
ic
s
Me
t
rics
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
5
4
2
8
-
5
4
3
5
5432
Def
i
n
itio
n
:
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Ob
s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
ette
r
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
all
class
es
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Val
u
e
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
b
s
er
v
ab
ilit
y
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
(
2
)
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
=
1
,
(
)
>
0
(2
)
0
,
(
)
≤
0
w
h
er
e,
c
is
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
/p
ac
k
ag
e
,
G
m
(
c)
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
etter
m
et
h
o
d
in
c
,
Am
(
c)
is
a
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
in
c,
an
d
n
is
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
class
es i
n
c
4
.
3
.
Va
lue o
f
Co
m
po
nent
C
us
t
o
m
i
za
bil
it
y
(
VCC)
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e,
ad
a
p
ter
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
[
29
]
.
J
atain
an
d
Ga
u
r
[
3
2
]
an
d
W
a
s
h
iza
k
i
et
al.
[
1
7
]
,
u
s
ed
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
r
ite
/
w
r
o
te
m
et
h
o
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
to
ca
lc
u
late
cu
s
to
m
izat
io
n
m
etr
ics.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
also
u
s
ed
a
s
etter
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
is
m
etr
ic.
Def
i
n
itio
n
:
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
C
u
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
e
tter
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
al
l
clas
s
es
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Valu
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
C
u
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t is ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
(
3
)
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
=
1
,
(
)
>
0
(3
)
0
,
(
)
≤
0
w
h
er
e,
c
is
p
r
esen
ted
to
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t/p
ac
k
a
g
e
,
S
m
(
c)
i
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
etter
m
eth
o
d
in
c
,
Am
(
c)
i
s
a
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
e
th
o
d
in
c
,
an
d
n
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clas
s
es i
n
c
.
4
.
4
.
Va
lue o
f
Co
m
po
nent
f
an
-
in (
VCF
i)
T
h
e
f
an
in
o
f
a
cla
s
s
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
it
s
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
s
u
p
er
o
r
d
in
ate
i.e
.
p
ar
en
t
clas
s
es
[
3
3
]
.
Fan
i
n
m
etr
ics
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clas
s
es
t
h
at
d
ep
en
d
o
n
a
g
i
v
en
o
b
j
ec
t
[
3
4
]
.
Def
in
itio
n
:
V
C
Fi
i
s
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
f
an
-
i
n
f
o
r
all
cla
s
s
e
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
i
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Valu
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Fa
n
-
in
(
VC
Fi)
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
c
(
VC
O)
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
ca
lc
u
latio
n
as (
4
)
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
=
1
,
(
)
>
0
(4
)
0
,
(
)
≤
0
w
h
er
e,
c
is
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t/
p
ac
k
ag
e
,
F
i
(
c)
i
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
an
-
i
n
i
n
c
,
Af
(
c)
is
a
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
an
i
n
c
,
a
n
d
n
i
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
class
e
s
i
n
c
.
4
.
5
.
Va
lue o
f
Co
m
po
nent
f
a
n
-
o
ut
(
VCF
o
)
T
h
e
f
an
o
u
t
o
f
a
cla
s
s
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
it
s
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ate
class
e
s
[
3
3
]
.
Fan
o
u
t
m
etr
ic
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clas
s
es
o
n
w
h
ic
h
a
g
i
v
en
clas
s
d
ep
en
d
s
[
3
4
]
.
Def
in
itio
n
:
VC
FO
is
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
f
an
-
o
u
t
f
o
r
all
class
e
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
c.
Valu
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
an
-
o
u
t
(
VC
F
O
)
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
as (
5
)
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
=
1
,
(
)
<
0
(5
)
0
,
(
)
≤
0
w
h
er
e,
c
is
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t/
p
ac
k
ag
e
,
Fo
(
c)
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
a
n
-
o
u
t
in
c
,
Af
(
c)
is
a
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
an
i
n
c
,
an
d
n
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
lass
e
s
i
n
c
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
v
er
all
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
(
le
v
el
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t r
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
)
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
5
.
1
.
M
e
t
rics
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
A
s
u
r
v
e
y
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
esti
m
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
le
v
el
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
m
etr
ic,
i.e
.
VC
D
L
,
VC
C
,
VC
O,
VC
F
i
a
n
d
VC
F
o
.
T
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t le
v
el
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t to
s
et
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
v
al
u
es
b
ased
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ac
tu
al
u
s
er
s
[3
5
]
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
m
etr
ic
is
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
t
th
e
id
ea
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
lo
w
,
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
h
i
g
h
to
ca
lcu
late
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
le
v
el
f
o
r
th
e
r
eu
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dev
elo
p
men
t m
etri
cs me
a
s
u
r
e
men
t le
ve
l fo
r
co
mp
o
n
en
t reu
s
a
b
ilit
y
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
.
..
(
S
u
r
ya
n
i I
s
ma
il)
5433
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
lev
el
s
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
m
etr
ics,
VC
L
D,
VC
O,
V
C
C
,
V
C
Fi,
an
d
VC
F
o
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t le
v
el
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
lev
el
s
w
h
ic
h
is
lo
w
,
m
ed
i
u
m
an
d
h
ig
h
.
-
Fo
r
VC
L
D,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
lev
el
f
o
r
lo
w
,
m
ed
iu
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
is
0
to
0
.
3
7
,
0
.
3
5
to
0
.
7
1
an
d
0
.
6
9
to
1
.
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
-
As
f
o
r
V
C
O,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
le
v
el
f
o
r
lo
w
i
s
0
to
0
.
3
7
,
f
o
r
m
ed
i
u
m
is
0
.
3
4
to
0
.
7
0
an
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
is
0
.
6
8
to
1
.
0
.
-
W
h
ile,
f
o
r
VC
C
,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
lev
el
f
o
r
lo
w
,
m
ed
iu
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
is
0
to
0
.
3
5
,
0
.
3
6
to
0
.
7
1
an
d
0
.
6
8
to
1
.
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
-
Fo
r
VC
F
i
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
lev
el
f
o
r
lo
w
is
0
.
6
7
to
1
.
0
,
f
o
ll
o
w
ed
b
y
m
ed
i
u
m
0
.
3
4
to
0
.
6
8
an
d
h
ig
h
0
to
0
.
3
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
-
L
ast
l
y
f
o
r
V
C
F
o
,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
le
v
el
f
o
r
lo
w
is
0
.
6
9
to
1
.
0
,
f
o
r
m
ed
iu
m
is
0
.
3
6
to
0
.
7
1
an
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
i
s
0
to
0
.
6
9
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Me
tr
ics M
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
L
ev
e
l
M
e
t
r
i
c
s
L
o
w
M
e
d
H
i
g
h
V
C
D
L
0
<
=
L
<
=
0
.
3
7
0
.
3
5
<
=
M
<
=
0
.
7
1
0
.
6
9
<
=
H
<
=
1
.
0
V
C
O
0
<
=
L
<
=
0
.
3
7
0
.
3
4
<
=
M
<
=
0
.
7
0
0
.
6
8
<
=
H
<
=
1
.
0
V
C
C
0
<
=
L
<
=
0
.
3
5
0
.
3
6
<
=
M
<
=
0
.
7
1
0
.
6
8
<
=
H
<
=
1
.
0
VC
Fi
0
.
6
7
<
=
L
<
=
1
.
0
0
.
3
4
<
=
M
<
=
0
.
6
8
0
<
=
H
<
=
0
.
3
5
VC
Fo
0
.
6
9
<
=
L
<
=
1
.
0
0
.
3
6
<
=
M
<
=
0
.
7
1
0
<
=
H
<
=
0
.
3
7
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
le
v
els
f
o
r
lo
w
,
m
ed
i
u
m
,
an
d
h
i
g
h
co
n
tain
a
n
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
v
al
u
e.
T
h
u
s
,
in
t
h
is
s
itu
at
io
n
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
is
v
er
y
s
u
i
tab
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CO
NCLU
SI
O
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h
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escr
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.
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latio
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p
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t
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m
e
w
i
th
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th
er
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v
alu
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tio
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m
o
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el
[
1
7
,
3
6
]
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b
u
t
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u
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s
tan
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RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
A
lv
a
ro
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t
a
l.
,
“
Qu
a
li
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A
t
tri
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in
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u
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wi
th
ECOOP
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
]
J.
W
.
Ho
o
p
e
r
a
n
d
R.
O.
Ch
e
ste
r,
“
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
R
e
u
se
:
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
a
n
d
M
e
th
o
d
s,
”
R.
A.
D.,
Ed
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
P
le
n
u
m
P
re
ss
,
1
9
9
1
.
[3
]
M
.
Da
b
h
a
d
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
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o
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ter
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ies
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IC
-
GET
)
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p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
T
.
V
a
le,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Twe
n
ty
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Ei
g
h
t
Ye
a
rs
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f
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m
p
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e
n
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Ba
se
d
S
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f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
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n
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o
ft
w
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re
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v
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l.
1
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
-
1
4
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
H.
M
.
M
a
n
o
j
a
n
d
A
.
N.
Na
n
d
a
k
u
m
a
r,
“
A
No
v
e
l
O
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
t
o
w
a
rd
s
Hig
h
e
r
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e
li
a
b
il
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re
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c
ti
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e
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
to
w
a
rd
s
Co
d
e
Re
u
sa
b
il
it
y
,
”
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ter
n
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ti
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n
a
l
J
o
u
r
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l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
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n
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ter
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g
,
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l.
7
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p
p
.
2
0
8
8
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8
7
0
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
A
.
V
e
rm
a
a
n
d
P
.
Ka
u
r,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
Cb
se
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
F
e
e
d
F
o
rw
a
rd
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
”
IAE
S
In
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Arti
fi
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I
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telli
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e
n
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e
,
v
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l.
4
,
p
p
.
53
-
6
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
J.
S
.
P
o
u
li
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
B
u
si
n
e
ss
C
a
se
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
R
e
u
se
,
”
IBM
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
rn
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l
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
7
-
5
9
4
,
1
9
9
3
.
[8
]
R.
P
.
Dia
z
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
F
a
c
e
ted
Clas
sif
ica
ti
o
n
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
re
R
e
u
se
,
”
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s o
f
th
e
ACM
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
1
9
9
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
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0
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8708
I
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t J
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&
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g
,
Vo
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9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
5
4
2
8
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5
4
3
5
5434
[9
]
W
.
S
c
h
ä
f
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
R
e
u
sa
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il
it
y
,
”
in
R.
P
.
Dia
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
E
d
.
El
li
s Ho
rw
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o
d
,
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m
e
l
He
m
p
ste
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d
,
1
9
9
4
.
[1
0
]
W
.
T
ra
c
z
,
“
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
Re
u
se
:
M
o
ti
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a
to
rs
a
n
d
In
h
ib
it
o
rs,
”
in
W
.
T
ra
c
z
,
Ed
.
,
“
T
u
to
r
ial:
S
o
f
twa
re
Re
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se
-
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
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y
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”
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a
sh
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to
n
,
IEE
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Co
m
p
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ter S
o
c
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,
p
p
.
6
2
-
67
,
1
9
8
8
.
[1
1
]
C.
W
.
Kru
g
e
r,
“
S
o
f
twa
re
R
e
u
se
,
”
ACM
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mp
u
t
in
g
S
u
rv
e
y
s
,
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l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
8
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
2
]
C.
H.
L
u
n
g
,
“
A
n
A
n
a
lo
g
y
-
B
a
se
d
Do
m
a
in
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n
a
l
y
sis
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e
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
”
Ph
.
D
T
h
e
sis
,
A
rizo
n
a
S
tate
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
p
p
.
2
5
2
,
1
9
9
4
.
[1
3
]
A
.
A
lo
y
siu
s
a
n
d
K.
M
a
h
e
sw
a
ra
n
,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Ba
se
d
S
o
f
twa
re
M
e
tri
c
s
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Fu
zz
y
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
Arc
h
.,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
-
19
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
B.
De
n
iz an
d
S
.
Bil
g
e
n
,
“
A
n
E
m
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
f
S
o
f
t
wa
re
R
e
u
se
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
in
a
n
In
d
u
strial
S
e
tt
i
n
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
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Co
m
p
u
t
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ti
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n
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l
S
c
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e
a
n
d
Its
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p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
5
0
8
-
5
2
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
M
.
Ha
rm
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
a
rc
h
-
Ba
se
d
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
S
e
lec
ti
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n
a
n
d
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ri
o
rit
iza
ti
o
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ro
b
lem
,
”
GECCO
’0
6
:
ACM
Pre
ss
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
6
]
K.
J.
S
h
a
m
b
h
u
a
n
d
R.
K.
M
i
sh
ra
,
“
Ac
c
e
s
sin
g
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
Qu
a
li
ty
f
o
r
Co
m
p
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n
t
-
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se
d
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
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T
h
ro
u
g
h
T
ru
stw
o
rth
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e
ss
a
n
d
De
p
e
n
d
e
n
b
a
b
i
li
ty
A
n
a
l
y
sis,
”
In
ter
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
De
v
e
lo
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me
n
t
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
9
-
4
2
6
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
F
.
B.
A
b
re
u
,
“
Co
m
p
a
rin
g
S
o
f
twa
r
e
Qu
a
li
ty
M
o
d
e
ls,
”
INES
T
e
c
h
n
ic
a
l
Rep
o
rt
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
8
]
H.
W
a
sh
iza
k
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
M
e
tri
c
s
S
u
it
e
f
o
r
M
e
a
su
rin
g
Re
u
s
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s,”
T
h
e
Ni
n
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
o
ft
wa
re
M
e
trics
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
(
M
ET
RICS
’
0
3
)
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
9
]
J.
M
.
M
o
re
l
,
2
0
0
3
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
id
i.
n
tn
u
.
n
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0
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R.
L
a
n
d
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a
l.
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“
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o
w
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rd
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ic
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S
o
f
tw
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lu
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mp
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ish
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fo
r
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ic
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e
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rc
h
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v
o
l.
5
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
1
]
A
.
P
a
rv
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ti
y
a
r,
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t
a
l.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
A
d
v
iso
r
a
n
d
S
e
a
rc
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ti
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ize
r:
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rin
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f
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latio
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h
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ixth
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d
CRM
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p
p
.
6
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2
0
0
2
.
[2
2
]
A
.
Je
d
li
tsc
h
k
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
p
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g
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p
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rim
e
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i
n
S
o
f
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re
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g
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rin
g
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to
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d
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.
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n
:
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p
.
2
0
1
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8
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0
0
8
.
[2
3
]
M
.
G
o
u
lao
,
“
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o
f
tw
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r
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m
p
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ts E
v
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lu
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ti
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n
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Co
mp
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g
S
u
rv
e
y
s
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Ism
a
il
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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ter
m
in
in
g
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
th
e
S
o
f
t
wa
re
Co
m
p
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n
e
n
ts
Re
u
sa
b
il
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y
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o
r
Co
m
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n
t
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se
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v
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m
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n
t
,
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
lec
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n
ica
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io
n
,
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e
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tro
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n
d
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mp
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ter
En
g
in
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rin
g
(
J
T
EC)
,
v
o
l.
9,
p
p
.
2
1
3
-
216
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
A
.
S
.
A
n
d
re
o
u
a
n
d
M
.
T
z
ia
k
o
u
ris,
“
A
Qu
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li
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y
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ra
m
e
w
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n
d
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lu
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ti
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g
Or
ig
in
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l
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o
f
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re
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m
p
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e
n
ts,
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n
fo
rm
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d
S
o
ft
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re
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e
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h
n
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y
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o
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rn
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l
,
v
o
l.
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9
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
4
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
6
]
Y.
S
in
g
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
Re
u
sa
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il
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m
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T
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e
s
,
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l
.
3
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
7
]
P
.
S
.
S
a
n
d
h
u
a
n
d
H.
S
in
g
h
,
“
A
R
e
u
sa
b
il
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y
Ev
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lu
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M
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se
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f
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w
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p
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n
ts
,
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In
ter
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ti
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rn
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ter
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1
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p
.
2
5
9
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2
6
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
8
]
N.
W
.
N
e
ru
rk
a
r
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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ss
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m
e
n
t
Of
Re
u
sa
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il
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y
In
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sp
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c
t
-
Orie
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ted
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ste
m
s
U
sin
g
F
u
z
z
y
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o
g
ic,
”
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S
IGS
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S
o
ft
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re
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n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
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tes
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
9
]
D.
Hristo
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tru
c
t
u
rin
g
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
Re
u
sa
b
il
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M
e
tri
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s
f
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m
p
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se
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o
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tw
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re
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v
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lo
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m
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T
h
e
S
e
v
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t
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In
ter
n
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ti
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l
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fer
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n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
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re
En
g
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n
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rin
g
A
d
v
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n
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e
s (
ICS
EA
)
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
2
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
0
]
A
.
P
.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
P
.
T
o
m
a
r,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
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n
o
f
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Re
u
sa
b
il
i
ty
T
h
ro
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g
h
Re
u
sa
b
il
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y
M
e
tri
c
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
,
El
e
c
trica
l,
E
lec
trica
l,
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
Co
n
tro
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n
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I
n
f
o
rm
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ti
o
n
En
g
in
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rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
9
-
1
7
3
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
1
]
B.
Ko
tes
k
a
a
n
d
G
.
V
e
li
n
o
v
,
“
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
Ba
se
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
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Un
if
ied
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
Re
u
sa
b
il
it
y
M
e
tri
c
s,
”
ICT
In
n
o
v
a
t
io
n
s 2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
3
4
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
2
]
A
.
J
a
t
a
in
a
n
d
D.
G
a
u
r,
“
Esti
m
a
t
io
n
o
f
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Re
u
sa
b
il
it
y
b
y
Id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
Qu
a
li
t
y
A
tt
rib
u
tes
o
f
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t:
A
F
u
z
z
y
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
T
h
e
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
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a
l
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
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ti
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n
a
l
S
c
ien
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e
,
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n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
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T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
ACM
,
p
p
.
7
3
8
-
7
4
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[3
3
]
C.
Bo
ry
s
o
w
i
c
h
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/i
t.
to
o
lb
o
x
.
c
o
m
/b
lo
g
/en
terp
rise
–
so
lu
ti
o
n
/d
e
sig
n
-
p
r
in
c
ip
le
-
f
a
n
in
-
v
sfa
n
o
u
t
-
1
6
0
8
8
.
[3
4
]
M
.
S
c
h
r
o
e
d
e
r,
“
A
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
Du
i
d
e
to
Ob
jec
t
Orie
n
ted
M
e
tri
c
s
,
”
IT
Pro
,
1
9
9
9
.
[3
5
]
T
.
W
a
h
y
u
n
in
g
ru
m
a
n
d
K.
M
u
sto
f
a
,
“
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
Re
v
iew
o
f
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
Qu
a
li
t
y
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t:
Re
se
a
rc
h
T
re
n
d
s,
M
o
d
e
l,
a
n
d
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
&
Co
mp
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ter
En
g
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rin
g
,
v
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l.
7
,
p
p
.
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
6
]
C.
S
in
g
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
o
f
twa
re
Re
u
sa
b
il
it
y
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in
g
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u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
ce
o
n
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
ICS
PCT
2
0
1
4
)
,
p
p
.
2
5
0
-
256
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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N:
2088
-
8708
Dev
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p
men
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a
s
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men
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l fo
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..
(
S
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5435
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Dr
.
S
u
r
y
a
n
i
Is
m
a
il
is
a
s
e
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
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a
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c
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f
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s
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A
p
p
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M
a
th
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UMT
.
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a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
so
f
twa
re
e
n
g
in
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rin
g
(so
f
t
wa
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u
se
)
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
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m
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h
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s w
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ti
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f
u
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d
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d
R&
D p
r
o
jec
ts.
Dr
.
Fa
tih
a
h
M
o
h
d
is
a
P
o
std
o
c
to
ra
l
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
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l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
e
d
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
o
f
th
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Un
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e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
Tere
n
g
g
a
n
u
(UMT
)
in
M
a
lay
sia
.
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h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
te
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sc
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f
ro
m
UM
T
in
2
0
1
6
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
e
x
p
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rti
se
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
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d
a
ta
m
in
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g
,
a
rti
f
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l
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telli
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u
p
p
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(c
li
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a
ti
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s).
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h
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R&
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jec
ts.
Dr
.
M
a
sita
M
a
sila
Abd
u
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a
li
l
is
a
se
n
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r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
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c
h
o
o
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
e
d
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
UMT
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
so
f
twa
re
re
u
s
e
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
M
y
S
I
G
,
IEE
E
a
n
d
P
ECA
M
P
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
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in
se
v
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ra
l
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
f
u
n
d
e
d
R&
D p
r
o
jec
ts.
Ts.
Dr
.
Wa
n
M
.
N.
W
a
n
K
a
d
ir
is
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
s
ia
(UT
M
).
He
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
BS
c
.
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
M
S
c
.
f
ro
m
UMIS
T
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
T
h
e
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
n
c
h
e
ste
r.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
sta
ff
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
o
r
m
o
re
th
a
n
tw
e
n
ty
y
e
a
rs
(sin
c
e
1
9
9
7
).
He
is
a
n
a
c
ti
v
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
w
it
h
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
a
st
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
p
r
o
jec
ts.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
c
o
v
e
rs
v
a
rio
u
s
S
E
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
re
a
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
to
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
c
o
st
o
f
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
th
e
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
f
larg
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lex
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
s
y
ste
m
s.
His
w
o
rk
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
su
p
p
o
rted
b
y
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
re
se
a
r
c
h
g
r
a
n
ts
to
talin
g
in
e
x
c
e
ss
o
f
RM
1
m
il
li
o
n
.
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