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K
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w
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s
:
A
co
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s
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w
a
v
e
L
o
ca
lizatio
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P
ar
tial d
is
ch
ar
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CC B
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SA
li
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C
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p
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A
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:
B
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u
j
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aa
Da
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Has
s
a
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First U
n
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lté
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T
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m
ail: b
d
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o
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h
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o
.
f
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
P
o
w
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tr
an
s
f
o
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s
ar
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aj
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in
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tr
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tio
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w
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k
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in
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m
ize
J
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t
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ag
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an
d
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m
p
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s
t
u
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ies
[
1
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2
]
.
On
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latio
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3
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T
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s
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s
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a
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B
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d
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[
4
-
6]
.
A
co
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f
ir
m
a
tio
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o
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th
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p
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f
o
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m
an
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ater
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ito
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y
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m
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s
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o
r
n
[7
-
9]
.
Kn
o
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ed
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ai
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te
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[
1
0
-
12]
.
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f
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P
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Ho
w
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lizatio
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et
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d
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o
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o
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e
lectr
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e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
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n
g
[
7
,
1
3
-
17
]
.
T
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.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
t
h
eir
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
.
E
lectr
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
d
o
n
o
t
allo
w
t
h
e
d
etec
t
io
n
o
f
f
o
ci
o
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
s
(
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
UHF
an
te
n
n
a
s
)
an
d
th
eir
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
o
f
th
e
tes
ted
o
b
j
ec
t,
s
u
c
h
as
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
[
18]
.
I
n
r
esp
ec
t
o
f
ch
em
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
v
al
u
ab
le
to
o
ls
,
th
e
y
ar
e
also
u
n
ab
le
to
lo
ca
te
th
e
f
o
ci
o
f
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
an
d
t
h
e
y
also
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
w
h
ile
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
s
till
i
n
s
er
v
ic
e.
On
an
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
er
e
ar
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
ar
e
als
o
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
A
co
u
s
tic
tec
h
n
iq
u
es a
r
e
w
ell
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
an
d
u
s
ed
in
f
ail
u
r
e
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
d
es
tr
u
cti
v
e
t
esti
n
g
[
1
9
]
.
Mo
r
e
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
,
i
n
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
P
Ds,
th
e
y
ar
e
u
s
ed
ex
t
en
s
i
v
el
y
in
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
l
o
ca
lizatio
n
o
f
P
Ds
i
n
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
s
u
ch
as
r
o
tati
n
g
m
a
ch
in
er
y
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
[
1
4
,
2
0
-
24]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
P
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
f
il
m
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
at
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
Hig
h
T
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
Ul
tr
aso
n
ic
T
r
an
s
d
u
ce
r
s
-
HT
UT
s
)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Ma
ter
ials
I
n
s
tit
u
te,
Natio
n
al
R
esear
c
h
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
C
a
n
ad
a
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
.
T
h
ese
p
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
o
f
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
B
I
T
(
b
is
m
u
t
h
titan
ate)
,
a
n
d
P
Z
T
(
lead
zir
co
n
atetita
n
ate)
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
i
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ased
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
lig
h
t
w
ei
g
h
t,
m
i
n
ia
tu
r
e
an
d
m
a
lleab
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
(
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
4
0
-
120
m
)
,
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
es
it
g
r
ea
t
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
b
e
b
o
n
d
ed
(
o
r
ev
en
'
p
ai
n
ted
'
)
o
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
.
I
t c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
to
u
g
h
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
I
t a
l
s
o
o
f
f
er
s
a
lar
g
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
(
-
150
°C
to
4
0
0
°C
)
an
d
a
h
ig
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
ℇ
r
≈90
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
n
o
elec
tr
ical
co
u
p
lin
g
an
d
t
h
e
co
s
t
i
s
v
er
y
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
d
etails
o
n
elab
o
r
atio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
w
e
r
ef
er
th
e
r
ea
d
er
to
[
25]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
s
o
m
e
B
I
T
/P
Z
T
f
il
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
HT
U
T
s
T
h
an
k
s
to
th
eir
i
n
h
er
e
n
t
f
e
atu
r
es,
th
e
s
e
p
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
f
il
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ex
ce
l
len
t
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
alter
n
ati
v
e
f
o
r
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
d
ete
ctio
n
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
ese
P
iezo
ce
r
a
m
i
c
f
il
m
s
in
d
etec
tin
g
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
t
er
izin
g
P
Ds
w
as
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
i
n
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ap
er
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
s
tu
d
y
p
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
’
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
to
lo
ca
te
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
ac
o
u
s
t
ic
w
a
v
e
d
etec
t
io
n
.
W
e
w
ill
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
w
a
v
e
f
lig
h
t
ti
m
e
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
P
D
f
o
ci
co
o
r
d
in
ates.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
is
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
w
o
u
l
d
b
r
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
te
n
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
le
v
el
b
y
o
p
en
in
g
t
h
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
an
o
n
li
n
e
P
D
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
s
y
s
te
m
.
As
a
m
atter
o
f
f
ac
t,
th
e
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
p
iezo
ce
r
am
ic
f
il
m
s
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
a
r
eliab
le
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
o
s
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
w
ill
b
e
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
its
av
ailab
ilit
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
its
u
s
e
f
u
l
li
f
e,
th
e
lo
ca
lizatio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
P
Ds
ev
e
n
t
s
at
an
ea
r
l
y
s
ta
g
e,
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
th
e
d
eter
m
in
a
t
io
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
a
in
te
n
a
n
ce
p
lan
s
[
1
1
,
2
1
,
2
8]
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
b
elo
w
w
e
will
f
ir
s
t
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
t
h
e
eq
u
ati
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ca
lizatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
w
a
v
e’
s
f
li
g
h
t
ti
m
e
.
Af
ter
w
ar
d
,
w
e
ill
u
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
e
tu
p
,
as
w
ell
as
th
e
r
a
w
a
n
d
f
ilter
ed
s
i
g
n
al
s
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
p
iezo
ce
r
a
m
ics.
I
n
t
h
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
w
ill
an
al
y
ze
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
a
n
d
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
l
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
s
o
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
w
av
e
’
s
f
li
g
h
t ti
m
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
1
9
4
2
-
1950
1944
2.
ACO
UST
I
C
M
E
T
H
O
DS F
O
R
L
O
CAT
I
N
G
P
AR
T
I
A
L
D
I
SCH
AR
G
E
S
T
h
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
i
g
n
als
e
m
itted
b
y
t
h
e
r
ap
id
r
elea
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
a
p
ar
t
ial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ac
ts
as
a
p
o
in
t
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
elastic
w
a
v
es
i
n
th
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
r
an
g
e,
ty
p
icall
y
b
et
w
ee
n
2
0
k
Hz
an
d
1
MH
z,
p
r
o
p
ag
atin
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
in
s
u
lat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
ese
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
te
d
o
n
th
e
w
a
lls
o
f
t
h
e
tes
t
o
b
j
ec
t
u
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
t
y
p
ical
l
y
w
it
h
a
b
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
ce
n
ter
ed
at
ar
o
u
n
d
6
0
k
Hz
o
r
1
5
0
k
Hz
[
2
1
,
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
a
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
is
,
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
d
o
u
b
t,
th
e
b
ig
g
est
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
lo
ca
lizatio
n
ca
n
b
e
eit
h
er
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ar
r
i
v
al
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
[
3
0
-
32]
,
o
r
o
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
i
g
n
a
l’
s
in
te
n
s
it
y
.
W
e
w
il
l
li
m
i
t
o
u
r
s
elv
e
s
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
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e
lo
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g
t
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e
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ir
s
t
m
e
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o
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ac
o
u
s
t
ic
w
av
e
’
s
f
li
g
h
t ti
m
e
p
r
in
cip
le.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
e
u
p
w
it
h
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
lo
ca
ti
n
g
P
D,
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
f
o
u
r
(
4
)
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
s
o
l
v
e
co
n
tai
n
s
f
o
u
r
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
s
:
t
h
e
d
ep
ar
tu
r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
w
a
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e,
t
0
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an
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d
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ates
(
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is
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u
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ch
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atic
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r
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u
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.
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atic
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iag
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ates
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z
.
I
ts
e
q
u
atio
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e
w
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itte
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as
(
1
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:
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2
2
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i
i
i
i
z
z
y
y
x
x
r
(
1
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ith
c
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p
ee
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o
f
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n
d
i
n
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h
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f
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a
s
s
u
m
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
m
o
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en
t,
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e
d
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ce
tr
av
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h
e
w
a
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e
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ti
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e
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ld
b
e
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n
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y
(
2
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:
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r
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en
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n
d
0
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g
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h
e
m
o
m
en
t
o
f
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ep
ar
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r
e
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o
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th
e
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o
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ce
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o
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ate
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h
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n
k
n
o
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n
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if
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o
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s
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h
e
d
if
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j
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j
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j
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j
i
r
r
h
h
x
x
x
y
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z
(
4
)
w
it
h
:
2
2
2
i
i
i
i
h
x
y
z
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
a
r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
es lo
ca
tio
n
in
p
o
w
er tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer
s
u
s
in
g
p
iezo
ce
r
a
mic
s
en
s
o
r
s
(
B
.
Da
n
o
u
j)
1945
T
o
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
w
r
iti
n
g
,
w
e
ca
n
e
x
p
r
ess
−
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−
an
d
−
b
y
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,
,
an
d
,
.
C
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
(
3
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an
d
(
4
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,
w
e
o
b
tain
:
2
,
,
,
,
,
1
2
i
j
i
j
i
j
i
j
i
j
i
j
j
x
x
y
y
z
z
h
h
d
d
r
(
6
)
A
p
p
l
y
in
g
(
6
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ap
p
lied
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th
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ca
s
e
o
f
f
o
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n
s
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s
,
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d
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ates in
r
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,
,
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j
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j
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j
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j
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f
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h
h
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d
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x
y
z
h
h
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d
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z
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h
d
d
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atio
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o
r
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s
a
q
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ad
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atic
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o
r
j
r
.
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h
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p
o
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i
s
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ein
tr
o
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u
ce
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in
to
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atio
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o
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tain
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f
i
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o
l
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tio
n
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o
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e
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o
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o
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d
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ates.
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n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
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n
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r
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s
y
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te
m
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b
ec
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s
s
taticall
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n
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eter
m
i
n
ate
;
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e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
eq
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atio
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s
b
ein
g
g
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ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
s
.
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n
s
u
ch
s
i
tu
at
io
n
s
,
an
iter
ati
v
e
s
o
l
u
tio
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s
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n
g
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tain
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r
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s
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m
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izes t
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2
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]
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3.
E
XP
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R
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M
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L
RE
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T
S
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
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r
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elo
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n
ill
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s
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atio
n
o
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s
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le
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h
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tly
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ec
ted
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e
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o
f
a
d
ig
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s
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h
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F
ig
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s
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ates t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
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ar
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m
e
n
t o
f
th
e
f
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r
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n
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n
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e
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en
c
h
box
.
Fig
u
r
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3
.
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x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
T
o
co
v
er
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f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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g
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o
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n
d
w
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h
e
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llo
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in
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t p
ar
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-
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
e
u
s
e
d
:
a.
T
im
e
p
er
d
iv
is
io
n
:
100
μs
t
,
b.
Sa
m
p
li
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
:
1
0
M
H
z
e
f
,
c.
W
av
elet
t
y
p
e:
D
b
8
,
an
d
Ma
x
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ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
lev
e
l: 1
0
.
As
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
e
r
a
w
s
i
g
n
al
s
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
ab
r
o
ad
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
h
at
ca
n
g
o
u
p
to
th
e
MH
z
r
an
g
e.
T
o
s
tu
d
y
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
in
t
h
e
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
r
a
n
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th
Db
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u
p
to
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e
1
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lev
el
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n
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e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
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er
to
r
estrict
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
to
th
o
s
e
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t
[
2
0
-
200
k
Hz]
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
wca
s
es
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
w
ith
i
n
th
is
r
an
g
e.
B
N
C
H
T
U
T
s
H
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
1
9
4
2
-
1950
1946
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Geo
m
e
tr
ical
d
is
p
o
s
it
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
in
i
n
ter
v
al
s
o
f
[
2
0
k
Hz
,
200
k
Hz]
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
f
ig
u
r
es
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
’
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
ar
o
u
n
d
50
k
Hz.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
th
e
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
liza
tio
n
,
t
h
is
w
ill
b
e
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
i
n
ter
est.
A
f
i
ltra
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
etail
7
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
b
y
w
a
v
elet
s
,
allo
w
s
f
o
r
th
e
ex
tr
ac
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
zo
n
e
as d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
a
r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
es lo
ca
tio
n
in
p
o
w
er tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer
s
u
s
in
g
p
iezo
ce
r
a
mic
s
en
s
o
r
s
(
B
.
Da
n
o
u
j)
1947
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
lev
el
7
d
etail
3
.
1
.
Ca
lcula
t
i
o
n o
f
s
o
urce
co
o
rdina
t
es
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
lo
ca
lizatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
escr
ib
ed
,
a
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
as
p
lac
ed
in
a
p
r
e
-
estab
lis
h
ed
co
o
r
d
in
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
(
x
,
y
,
z
)
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
f
lig
h
t
ti
m
e
s
t
i,
1
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
en
s
o
r
1
,
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
o
r
d
in
ates
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
ed
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
eir
s
o
u
r
ce
.
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in
ce
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
z
co
o
r
d
in
ates
co
r
r
esp
o
n
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ig
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te
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t
y
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h
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ir
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t
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l
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s
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n
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o
r
e
a
s
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u
m
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t
h
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is
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elate
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tic
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v
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h
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p
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ls
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te
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o
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s
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las
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p
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tic
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ab
le
3
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h
o
w
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lt
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lcu
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th
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o
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ith
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p
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o
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n
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h
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lcu
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ated
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w
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ates p
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I
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8
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I
n
t J
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p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
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3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
1
9
4
2
-
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1948
(
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b
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c)
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d
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ig
u
r
e
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x
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3
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lts
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CO
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h
e
f
ir
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t
ex
p
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en
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is
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ar
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s
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.
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w
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b
eliev
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s
.
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a
n
w
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ap
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o
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to
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ig
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v
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r
elativ
el
y
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n
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I
t
s
till
o
f
f
er
s
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
a
r
tia
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is
ch
a
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g
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o
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er tr
a
n
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B
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1949
lar
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n
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ar
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n
t
h
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p
atter
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o
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t
h
e
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if
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er
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n
t
t
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o
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(
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RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
A
.
Jo
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n
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P
.
M
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S
.
M
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.
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m
it
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Id
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n
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h
a
rg
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ts
in
tr
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n
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e
o
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e
c
trica
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In
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Die
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Ph
e
n
o
me
n
a
,
P
isc
a
taw
a
y
,
NJ
,
USA
,
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
5
6
5
–
56
8.
[2
]
V
.
S
o
k
o
lo
v
,
Z.
Be
rler,
a
n
d
V
.
Ra
sh
k
e
s,
“
E
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
su
latio
n
sy
ste
m
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rs:
a
v
ie
w
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
In
s
u
la
t
io
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
M
a
n
u
fa
c
t
u
rin
g
&
Co
il
W
in
d
in
g
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
1
9
9
9
,
p
p
.
6
5
9
–
6
6
7
.
[3
]
IET
,
“
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
r
d
f
o
r
Hi
gh
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
w
it
c
h
g
e
a
r
(
A
b
o
v
e
1
0
0
0
V
)
T
e
st
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
-
P
a
rti
a
l
Disc
h
a
rg
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
”
v
o
l.
IEE
E
S
td
C
3
7
.
3
0
1
,
p
.
7
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
]
R.
Ba
rtn
ik
a
s,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s.
T
h
e
ir
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
,
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Die
lec
t
ric
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
I
n
su
l
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
–
8
0
8
,
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
R
.
Ba
rtn
ik
a
s
a
n
d
M
c
M
a
h
o
n
,
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Die
lec
trics
,
Co
ro
n
a
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
In
ter
p
re
ta
ti
o
n
.
A
m
e
rica
n
so
c
iet
y
f
o
r
tes
ti
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
teria
ls ed
.
,
1
9
7
9
.
[6
]
S
.
Ok
a
b
e
,
G
.
Ue
ta,
H.
W
a
d
a
,
a
n
d
H.
Ok
u
b
o
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
-
in
d
u
c
e
d
d
e
g
ra
d
a
t
io
n
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
in
su
lati
n
g
stru
c
tu
re
c
o
n
stit
u
ti
n
g
o
il
-
imm
e
r
se
d
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
t
ric
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
In
su
la
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
9
–
1
6
5
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
C.
C.
Ku
o
,
“
A
rti
f
icia
l
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
d
e
f
e
c
ti
v
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
tra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rs
b
y
a
c
o
u
stic
e
m
issio
n
,
”
Exp
e
rt
S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
0
4
–
1
0
3
1
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
R.
Ku
p
p
u
sw
a
m
y
a
n
d
P
.
Co
q
u
e
li
n
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
o
rm
e
r
a
ss
e
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
-
li
n
e
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
-
A n
e
w ap
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
CEIDP
'
0
5
.
2
0
0
5
An
n
u
a
l
Rep
o
rt C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
In
su
la
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Die
lec
tric P
h
e
n
o
me
n
a
,
Na
sh
v
il
le,
T
N,
Un
it
e
d
sta
tes
,
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
4
4
5
–
4
4
8
.
[9
]
A
.
A
k
b
a
ri,
A
.
A
k
b
a
ri,
A
.
S
e
ta
y
e
sh
m
e
h
r,
H.
Bo
rsi,
a
n
d
E.
G
o
c
k
e
n
b
a
c
h
,
“
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
M
o
d
u
les
f
o
r
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
sis o
f
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs
,
”
1
9
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Po
we
r S
y
ste
me
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
T
a
h
ra
n
,
Ira
n
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
0
]
G
.
C.
S
to
n
e
,
H.
G
.
S
e
d
d
in
g
,
B.
A
.
L
lo
y
d
,
a
n
d
B.
K.
G
u
p
ta,
“
T
h
e
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
d
iag
n
o
stic tes
ts t
o
e
stim
a
t
e
th
e
re
m
a
in
in
g
li
f
e
o
f
sta
to
r
in
su
latio
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
8
3
3
–
8
4
1
,
1
9
8
8
.
[1
1
]
J.
Ra
m
íre
z
-
Niñ
o
a
n
d
A
.
P
a
sc
a
c
io
,
“
A
c
o
u
stic
m
e
a
su
rin
g
o
f
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
in
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
o
rm
e
rs,
”
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
p
.
1
1
5
1
0
8
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
9
.
[1
2
]
M
.
S
h
a
f
iq
,
K.
Ka
u
h
a
n
iem
i,
G
.
R
o
b
les
,
M
.
Isa
,
a
n
d
L
.
Ku
m
p
u
lain
e
n
,
“
On
li
n
e
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
o
f
M
V
c
a
b
le
f
e
e
d
e
rs
u
sin
g
Ro
g
o
ws
k
i
c
o
il
se
n
so
rs
f
o
r
P
D
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
m
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
6
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
–
1
6
2
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
A
.
M
il
io
u
d
is,
G
.
A
n
d
re
o
u
,
a
n
d
D.
L
a
b
rid
is,
“
On
-
li
n
e
p
a
rti
a
l
d
is
c
h
a
rg
e
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
sy
st
e
m
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
M
V
cab
les
–
P
a
rt
II:
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
s
tem
s,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
–
4
0
2
,
J
u
l.
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
X
.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
th
e
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
o
f
u
lt
ra
so
n
ic
sig
n
a
ls
in
larg
e
m
o
to
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
Hilb
e
rt
-
Hu
a
n
g
tran
s
f
o
rm
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Aco
u
s
ti
c
s,
v
o
l.
1
3
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
–
1
7
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
Y.
O.
S
h
a
k
e
r,
“
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
p
a
rt
ial
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
a
c
o
u
stic
e
m
issio
n
in
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
f
o
rm
e
r
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
4
5
7
3
–
4
5
7
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
D.
G
u
il
len
,
G
.
Id
a
rra
g
a
-
Os
p
in
a
,
E.
M
o
m
b
e
ll
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ca
b
ra
l,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
tran
sf
o
rm
e
r
w
in
d
in
g
u
sin
g
w
a
v
e
l
e
ts
a
n
d
Ku
ll
b
a
c
k
–
L
e
ib
ler
d
iv
e
rg
e
n
c
e
,
”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
3
9
8
–
4
0
5
,
Ju
l.
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
A
.
N.
H.
R
.
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
a
n
d
B
.
M
.
S
a
l
i
h
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
so
li
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
o
f
H.V
c
ro
ss
li
n
k
e
d
p
o
ly
e
th
y
l
e
n
e
(X
L
P
E)
su
b
m
a
rin
e
c
a
b
le
,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
p
.
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
R
.
M
e
n
o
n
,
S
.
Ko
lam
b
e
k
a
r,
N.
J.
Bu
c
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
m
a
m
o
o
rt
y
,
“
Co
rre
latio
n
o
f
a
c
o
u
stic
e
m
issio
n
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s
in
tran
s
f
o
rm
e
rs,
”
in
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
li
d
Die
lec
trics
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
9
]
J.
K.
D.
S
.
S
a
h
o
o
a
n
d
B
.
De
b
n
a
th
,
“
Ro
ll
in
g
El
e
m
e
n
t
Be
a
rin
g
Co
n
d
i
ti
o
n
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
u
si
n
g
F
il
tere
d
A
c
o
u
stic
Em
issio
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
6
0
–
3
5
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
S
.
Ch
i
n
g
-
Ch
a
u
,
T
.
C
h
e
n
g
-
Ch
i,
C.
Ch
ien
-
Yi
,
H.
Ju
-
C
h
u
,
a
n
d
C
.
Jia
n
n
-
F
u
h
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
c
o
u
stic
e
m
is
s
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
a
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
a
st
-
re
sin
d
ry
-
t
y
p
e
tran
s
f
o
r
m
e
r,
”
P
isc
a
taw
a
y
,
NJ
,
USA
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
5
1
7
–
5
20.
[2
1
]
“
IEE
E
A
p
p
ro
v
e
d
Dra
f
t
G
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
,
L
o
c
a
ti
o
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ter
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2
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.
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3
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.
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a
n
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S
u
w
a
n
a
sri,
“
T
h
e
De
sig
n
o
f
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e
c
tro
d
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f
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.
[2
4
]
I.
F
.
R
a
d
z
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al
.,
“
P
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u
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g
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lt
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d
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rn
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ter
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e
,
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l.
1
7
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n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
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9
4
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2
0
2
0
.
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I
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:
2
0
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3
,
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0
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1950
1950
[2
5
]
M
.
Ko
b
a
y
a
sh
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a
n
d
C.
K.
Je
n
,
“
P
iez
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lec
tri
c
th
ick
b
ism
u
th
ti
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d
z
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te
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te
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o
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m
tran
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o
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o
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e
t
a
ls,
”
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ma
rt M
a
ter
ia
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re
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3
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.
9
5
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6
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2
0
0
4
.
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6
]
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.
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On
o
,
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n
d
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F
.
M
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isa
n
,
“
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teg
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tab
le
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tals a
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in
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strial
p
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m
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g
,
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rn
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l
.
2
6
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.
5
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.
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7
]
B.
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n
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u
j,
S
.
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.
T
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h
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n
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a
n
d
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Da
v
id
,
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in
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a
n
e
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n
e
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iez
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.
6
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8
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9
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.
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.
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0
]
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.
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Ch
e
n
g
k
e
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a
n
d
D.
M
.
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p
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n
,
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n
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rit
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m
f
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d
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n
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ify
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g
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p
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so
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rc
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ti
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n
,
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,
NJ
,
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,
2
0
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,
p
p
.
3
7
9
–
38
2.
[3
1
]
G.
S
.
Kil
,
I.
K.
Ki
m
,
D.
W
.
P
a
rk
,
S
.
Y.
Ch
o
i,
a
n
d
C.
Y.
P
a
rk
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
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n
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l
y
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o
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c
o
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stic
sig
n
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ls
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ro
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c
e
d
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a
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l
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h
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rg
e
s in
in
su
lati
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il
,
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u
rr
e
n
t
A
p
p
l
ied
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h
y
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s,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
2
9
6
–
3
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
2
]
M.
X
.
Z
h
u
,
Y.
B
.
W
a
n
g
,
D.
G
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
G
.
J
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
X
.
T
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
Ru
a
n
,
“
Qu
a
n
ti
tativ
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
p
a
rti
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l
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h
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rg
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lo
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ti
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lg
o
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m
s
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sin
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d
if
fe
re
n
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e
o
f
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rri
v
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l
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
s
u
b
sta
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
–
2
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.