Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Febr
u
a
r
y
201
6,
pp
. 38
1
~
39
8
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
1.9
058
3
81
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Implementing Dynamically E
vol
vable Com
m
unicati
on with
Embedded Systems through WEB Services
Smt.
J. S
a
si B
h
an
u
1
, A. Vin
a
y
a
B
a
bu
2
, P
.
Trimurth
y
3
1
Department of Computer
Scien
ce
Engineering
KL
University
, Vadde
swaram, Guntur
District, India
2
Department of computer
Science
and
Eng
i
neer
in
g, JNTU H
y
derabad, Ind
i
a
3
Department of computer
Science and Engineer
ing,
ANU Guntur,
India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Sep 22, 2015
Rev
i
sed
No
v
11
, 20
15
Accepted Nov 28, 2015
Embedded s
y
stems that monitor and c
ontro
l safety
and mission critical
s
y
s
t
em
ar
e
com
m
unicated
with
b
y
a
HOS
T lo
cat
ed a
t
a r
e
m
o
te
loca
tion
through Internet. Such kind of embe
dded s
y
stems are develo
ped to be
d
y
nam
i
cal
l
y
evo
l
vabl
e with respect to s
y
n
t
ax, se
m
a
ntics, onlin
e testing and
com
m
unication
s
ubs
y
s
tem
s
. All thes
e s
y
s
t
e
m
s
are to be
d
y
nam
i
c
a
l
l
y
evolvab
l
e and
th
e components needed for
evolution are
also to be added in
to
the embedded s
y
stem. Arch
itectural m
odels describe var
i
ous components
using which dy
namically
evo
l
vable
sub-s
y
stems are realis
ed through
implementation
b
y
using
specific an
d
related technologi
es. Implementation
s
y
stem describ
e
s the platform, code
uni
ts and
the in
terl
acing
of various
proces
s
e
s
/tas
k
s
to the e
l
em
ent
a
r
y
l
e
vel of d
e
t
a
il
s
.
W
E
B s
e
rvice
s
place
an
exce
llen
t
pla
t
for
m
for im
plem
enting d
y
namically
evo
l
vable s
y
stems due to
the use of open standards. Th
is paper pr
es
ents
an
im
plem
entat
i
on s
y
s
t
em
that
is related to d
y
namically
evolv
a
bl
e communication and other sub-s
y
stems
using web serv
ic
es technologies.
Keyword:
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n sy
st
em
s
Dy
nam
i
c evol
u
t
i
o
n
Em
bedded syste
m
s
Re
m
o
te communication
WEB se
rvices
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Sasi Bha
n
u Ja
m
m
a
la
m
a
daka,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
C
o
m
put
er Sci
e
nce a
n
d
E
ngi
n
eeri
n
g,
KL Uni
v
er
sity
,
V
a
dd
esw
a
r
a
m
,
Gu
n
t
u
r
D
i
str
i
ct, An
dhr
a Pr
adesh
,
In
d
i
a
52
250
2.
Em
a
il: sasib
h
a
n
u
@k
lun
i
v
e
rsity.in
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.
1. B
a
ck
gr
ou
nd
The
ove
ral
l
ar
chi
t
ect
ure
of
d
y
n
am
i
c
evol
ut
i
on
o
f
em
bedde
d f
r
om
t
h
e p
o
i
n
t
o
f
vi
e
w
o
f
e
vol
ut
i
o
n
o
f
syn
t
ax
, sem
a
n
tics an
d
on
lin
e testin
g
h
a
s b
e
en
shown
in
t
h
e Figu
re
1
.
Th
e first layer in
th
is m
o
d
e
l i
s
th
e
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
sub
-
system
. Co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
b
e
tween
the HOST an
d
th
e TARGET is in
itiated
from th
e
HO
ST t
h
r
o
ug
h
com
m
a
nds st
r
i
ngs
whi
c
h f
o
l
l
o
w t
h
e
UN
IX
like standard. The phys
ical connection bet
w
ee
n
the HOST a
nd the em
bedde
d syste
m
can be
achieve
d in
m
a
n
y
w
a
y
s
.
P
e
e
r
t
o
p
e
e
r
communication
between a
Target
a
nd
H
O
ST ca
n be
achi
e
ve
d usi
n
g wi
rel
e
ss c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on m
e
t
hods
whi
c
h i
n
cl
u
d
e
W
i
-
F
i
and
B
l
uet
oot
h [
1
]
[
2
]
w
h
i
c
h
has
di
st
ance l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
ns.
Em
bedded syst
e
m
s can also be connected t
o
a HOS
T usi
ng
SPI a
nd i
n
t
e
rfa
ci
ng t
h
e sam
e
wi
t
h
a I
2
C,
USB, RS425,
CAN
or m
u
lit
port interf
ace [3], [4], [5],
[6]
,
[7], [8], [9].
A
HOST com
m
unication with the
TAR
G
ET u
s
i
n
g seri
al
po
rt
co
m
m
uni
cat
i
ons
sy
st
em
s such a
s
I
2
C, USB, R
S
42
5, CAN
o
r
m
u
l
it p
o
r
t is limited
by the
distance
to a m
a
x
i
m
u
m of
1
200
Meters.
An em
bedde
d
syste
m
can be
connect
ed to
an
In
tern
et so
as to
in
c
r
ease its distance
from the HOST.
Use of Ethe
rne
t
interface and
use of TCP/IP
or
UD
P ba
sed
comm
unication hel
p
s establis
hing comm
unication
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
38
1 – 39
8
38
2
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e HO
S
T
and
th
e
T
a
r
g
e
t
. Bo
th
H
O
S
T
an
d th
e
TAR
G
ET ca
n be situated at
lo
ng
er d
i
stan
ces, thus
meeting the
pri
m
ary requir
ement of
Safety a
n
d Mission crit
ical syste
m
s.
Co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
b
e
t
w
een
the H
O
S
T and
th
e Targ
et u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e in
tern
et can
b
e
ach
iev
e
d
t
h
ro
ugh
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
of a Em
a
il
ex
ten
s
i
o
n
server,
W
E
B serv
er or a
WEB service se
rve
r
. WEB services seve
r
al
l
o
ws se
veral
com
m
uni
cat
i
on p
r
ot
oc
ol
s f
o
r
effect
i
n
g com
m
uni
cat
i
on wi
t
h
t
h
e s
o
ft
ware
com
pone
nt
s
whi
c
h
are
depl
oy
ed
on
t
o
i
t
s
ow
n
serve
r
.
TC
P/
IP
com
m
uni
cat
i
on
pr
ot
oc
ol
i
s
t
h
e m
o
st
fre
q
u
e
nt
l
y
use
d
pr
o
t
ocol
.
Tech
nol
ogi
es t
h
at
su
p
p
o
r
t
OP
EN st
an
da
rds a
r
e use
d
t
o
de
ve
l
op a
nd i
m
pl
em
ent
WEB
ser
v
i
ces. T
h
i
s
feat
ure
o
f
t
h
e
WEB
ser
v
i
ces sy
st
em
m
a
kes i
t
pos
si
bl
e
t
o
de
vel
o
p
dy
n
a
m
i
cal
ly
evol
v
a
bl
e com
m
uni
cat
i
on sy
st
em
s.
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
bet
w
ee
n t
h
e
H
O
ST a
n
d t
h
e Tar
g
et
can
be e
ffect
ed
by
seve
ral
p
r
ot
o
c
ol
s s
u
ch
a
s
TC
P/
IP,
HTT
P
, U
D
P,
X
.
2
5
et
c. The
t
a
r
g
et
c
a
n
host
s
e
ve
ral
ser
v
i
ces an
d a
di
f
f
ere
n
t
com
m
uni
cat
i
on p
r
o
t
ocol
is n
ecessary for u
tilizin
g
a WEB serv
ice. Thu
s
th
e co
mm
u
n
icatio
n
system
m
u
st
ev
o
l
v
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
ca
lly
b
a
sed
on
th
e typ
e
o
f
pro
t
o
c
o
l
n
e
ed
ed b
y
a serv
ice
wh
ich
is
i
n
itiated
by th
e HOST for ex
ecu
tion
b
y
th
e TARGET.
The i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
of
dy
nam
i
c ev
ol
ut
i
o
n m
odel
s
re
q
u
i
r
es
fai
r
l
y
m
o
re m
e
m
o
ry
reso
urce
s an
d
fast
e
r
pr
ocess
o
r
.
T
h
e
M
ode
rn M
i
cr
oco
n
t
r
ol
l
e
r b
a
s
e
d sy
st
em
no do
u
b
t
can
ru
n
a dy
nam
i
cal
ly
evol
vabl
e em
bedde
d
syste
m
d
u
e
to
t
h
e availab
ility
o
f
m
o
re resou
r
ces. Ho
wev
e
r,
lo
w po
wered micro
c
on
tro
ller
system
s
may
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le to
tak
e
mu
ch
lo
ad
. So
meti
m
e
s
it
is wo
rthwh
ile id
ea to
m
o
v
e
so
m
e
o
f
th
e pro
cessi
n
g
lo
ad
to
th
e HOST
and
kee
p
t
h
e
em
bedded
sy
st
em
l
i
ght
we
i
ght
ed
. T
h
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
evol
ut
i
on
of
t
h
e c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on
sy
st
em
ho
we
ver i
s
nee
d
ed s
o
t
h
at
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on wi
t
h
t
h
e
WEB
servi
ces ca
n be
do
ne as
per t
h
e pr
ot
oc
ol
use
d
by
i
t
.
Use of we
b services technology ad
d
r
esses
b
o
t
h
t
h
e re
q
u
i
r
e
m
ent
s
of dy
na
m
i
c co
m
m
uni
cat
i
on sy
st
em
and t
h
e
l
i
ght
wei
g
ht
em
bed
d
e
d
sy
st
em
. Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
of
dy
na
m
i
c evol
ut
i
on
usi
n
g t
h
e
WEB
ser
v
i
ces Tech
n
o
l
ogi
es
i
s
necessa
ry
a
s
t
h
ey
s
u
pp
ort
OP
EN
st
an
d
a
rds
w
h
i
c
h i
s
t
h
e t
r
ue
m
e
ans
of
e
vol
vi
n
g
dy
nam
i
c evol
va
bl
e
syste
m
s.
Fi
gu
re
1.
O
v
er
al
l
archi
t
ect
ure
o
f
dy
nam
i
c evol
ut
i
o
n
of
em
bedde
d
sy
st
em
s
There
could be m
a
ny architectures
t
h
at
s
u
pp
o
r
t
dy
nam
i
c ev
ol
ut
i
o
n
usi
n
g
t
h
e
WEB
s
e
rvi
ces.
It
i
s
n
ecessar
y
to
f
i
n
d
th
e b
e
st o
f
th
e ar
ch
itect
u
r
es th
at suppo
r
t
du
al pu
rp
oses o
f
OPEN
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
and
d
y
n
a
m
i
c ev
o
l
utio
n
.
Dyn
a
m
i
c
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
is th
e ab
ility to
mak
e
ch
ang
e
s to
an
y o
f
t
h
e so
ftware co
mp
on
en
ts
whi
l
e
t
h
e sy
st
em
i
s
up and r
u
n
n
i
n
g.
The
ge
neral
we
b ser
v
i
ce archi
t
ect
ur
e i
s
show
n i
n
t
h
e Fi
gu
re 2
.
A we
b
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
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0
8
Im
pl
eme
n
t
i
n
g
Dyn
a
m
i
c
al
l
y
E
v
ol
va
bl
e C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n w
i
t
h
E
m
bed
d
e
d
S
y
st
ems …
(
Sm
t. J.
Sasi B
h
anu
)
38
3
services a
r
c
h
itecture ca
n
be
viewe
d
in two ways
wh
ic
h i
n
clude e
x
am
in
ing t
h
e roles
of each we
b se
rvices
actor a
n
d the
s
econd is
to
e
x
a
m
ine the protocol stack.
Figure 2. W
E
B
service
arc
h
itecture
Th
ree m
a
j
o
r
roles are to b
e
co
n
s
i
d
ered
wh
ile atte
m
p
t
i
ng t
o
de
vel
o
p a
we
b se
rvi
ces
o
r
i
e
nt
ed
sy
st
em
.
The roles include Service regi
stry, service re
que
ster an
d service provider. Services
are deployed
on a s
e
rve
r
by
t
h
e ser
v
i
ce pr
o
v
i
d
er a
n
d t
h
e sam
e
are provi
ded as
a
n
d whe
n
the se
rvi
ce is reque
sted. Service requestor
uses seve
ral services and builds the applications
. The se
rvi
ces are i
n
cl
ude
d i
n
t
o
t
h
e ap
pl
i
cat
i
on by
ope
ni
n
g
a
net
w
or
k co
nne
ct
i
on an
d sen
d
i
ng a
m
e
ssage i
n
t
h
e XM
L fo
rm
at
. .Servi
ce
regi
st
ry
i
s
a reposi
t
ory
of se
r
v
i
ces
whi
c
h are re
g
i
st
ered. E
v
ery
servi
ce i
s
de
scri
be
d usi
ng
web se
rvi
ce d
e
scri
pt
i
o
n l
a
n
gua
ge (
W
S
D
L
)
. The
reg
i
stry is a cen
t
ralized
d
a
ta repo
sito
ry
which
is h
o
sted
on
a serv
er. The serv
ices can b
e
pub
lish
e
d
in
to
a
regi
st
ry
by
a
d
e
vel
o
per
by
us
i
ng t
h
e i
n
t
e
rfa
ce p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
by
t
h
e
regi
st
ry
(
U
D
D
I
)
.
U
D
D
I
i
s
l
i
k
e a
cent
r
al
i
zed
cl
eari
ng se
r
v
i
ce fo
r de
vel
o
pe
r
s
t
o
re
gi
ster and the
users t
o
e
n
quire
for the
existence
of s
u
ch a service.
Various
types of
protoc
ols are use
d
for accessing the
WEB serv
ices
. The protoc
ols are layered a
nd stac
ked
with the
pr
ot
oc
ol
s i
n
o
n
e
st
ack com
m
u
n
i
cat
i
ng wi
t
h
t
h
e p
r
ot
ocol
s i
n
anot
he
r st
ack.
The p
r
ot
ocol
st
ack rel
a
t
e
d t
o
WEB
servi
ces
are
sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
gu
re
3.
Fi
gu
re 3.
W
e
b servi
ce p
r
ot
oco
l
st
ack
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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088
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08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
38
1 – 39
8
38
4
Fou
r
layers exists in
th
e
stack
.
Th
e fist layer Tr
an
spo
r
t layer wh
ich is respo
n
s
i
b
le fo
r
tran
sm
it
tin
g
messag
e
s in
between
th
e serv
ice p
r
ov
id
er an
d
serv
ice
req
u
e
ster. In
th
is la
yer
Si
m
p
le mail tran
sfer
pro
t
o
c
o
l
(SM
T
P
)
, hy
per
t
ext
t
r
ansfe
r
pr
ot
oc
ol
(H
TTP
)
,
B
l
ocks E
x
t
e
n
s
i
b
l
e
Exc
h
an
ge
Prot
ocol
(B
E
E
P) et
c. are
us
ed f
o
r
tran
sp
orting
the m
e
ssag
e
s b
e
tween th
e
p
r
ov
id
er and
th
e requ
ester. Th
e seco
nd
layer is
rel
a
ted
to
en
co
d
i
ng
th
e
messag
e
s in
t
h
e XML fo
rm
at. In
t
h
is layer XML-RP
C
an
d S
O
A
P
p
r
ot
ocol
s a
r
e
u
s
ed f
o
r en
co
di
ng t
h
e
m
e
ssages.
WS
DL
(
W
e
b
s
e
rvi
ce
desc
ri
pt
i
on l
a
ng
ua
ge)
i
s
use
d
f
o
r
desc
ri
bi
n
g
t
h
e
WE
B
ser
v
i
ces. T
h
e desc
ri
pt
i
o
n
o
f
all th
e
WEB serv
ices is
prov
id
ed
in th
e
th
ird
layer.
This layer p
r
ov
ided
th
e
pu
b
lic i
n
terface u
s
i
n
g
wh
ich
th
e
serv
ices related
enqu
iries can
b
e
in
itiated
.
UDDI
(U
n
i
v
e
rsal
Discov
ery and
In
teg
r
at
io
n) is th
e techn
o
l
o
g
y
th
at is in
clu
d
e
d in
to
th
e fo
urth layer. Th
e tech
no
log
y
can
b
e
u
s
ed
for pub
lish
i
ng
th
e
WEB
serv
ices an
d
also
to
en
qu
ire an
d
ob
tain
th
e d
e
scrip
tio
n
of th
e in
tend
ed
we
b s
e
rvi
ces.
Al
l
t
h
e det
a
i
l
s
requi
red f
o
r c
ont
act
i
ng t
h
e
ser
v
er
at
wh
ich th
e
w
e
b serv
ices ar
e
ho
sted can
b
e
o
b
t
ained
th
ro
ugh
an
en
qu
ir
y to UDD
I
reg
i
str
y
.
Seve
ral
t
echn
o
l
ogi
es a
r
e bei
n
g u
s
ed
f
o
r i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng
WE
B
servi
ces
w
h
i
c
h i
n
cl
ude
U
D
D
I,
XM
L
,
SO
AP
a
n
d WS
DL.
U
D
D
I
(U
n
i
versal
dat
a
di
s
c
ove
ry
i
n
t
e
rfac
e
) has bee
n
de
si
gne
d
as
a st
anda
r
d
f
o
r bui
l
d
i
ng a
rep
o
si
t
o
ry
o
f
WEB
se
rvi
ces
.
It
has
bee
n
i
n
cl
ude
d i
n
t
o
t
h
e
di
sco
v
e
r
y
l
a
y
e
r o
f
t
h
e p
r
ot
o
c
ol
st
ack
. Eac
h
of t
h
e
WEB
ser
v
i
ce i
s
desc
ri
be
d by
usi
n
g
WS
DL
(
W
e
b
se
rvi
ces
descri
pt
i
on l
a
n
gua
ge
) an
d t
h
e
sam
e
are regi
st
ered
within the U
D
D
I re
gistry
.
WSDL f
o
llo
ws XM
L fo
r desc
r
i
bi
ng a
WEB
servi
ce.
UD
DI
defi
nes an A
P
I
whi
c
h
can be
us
ed f
o
r p
ubl
i
s
hi
n
g
, enq
u
i
r
i
ng
a
n
d obt
ai
ni
ng
t
h
e r
e
sp
onse
.
T
h
e com
m
uni
cat
i
on
i
s
achi
v
e
d
t
h
r
o
ug
h
t
r
ansm
i
ssi
on o
f
XM
L m
e
ssages
peret
a
i
n
i
n
g t
o
p
ubl
i
s
hi
n
g
, e
n
q
u
i
r
i
ng a
nd
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g t
h
e res
p
on
se i
n
t
e
rm
s of
th
e d
e
scrip
t
i
o
n of th
e
W
E
B
serv
ices.
Th
e UDDI sp
ecificatio
n
in
clud
es API d
e
tail
s for s
earc
h
i
n
g
exi
s
t
i
ng dat
a
and
pu
bl
i
s
hi
ng
new d
a
t
a
.
U
D
D
I
is im
p
l
e
m
en
ted
th
rough
b
u
ild
i
n
g
a bu
sin
e
ss r
e
g
i
stry w
h
ich
fu
lly im
p
l
e
m
en
ts U
D
D
I
sp
ecif
i
cation
.
Th
e
UD
DI
re
gistry
captu
res the
d
a
ta from
the X
M
L
m
e
ssage
s t
h
at
i
n
cl
u
d
e
ge
neral
descri
pt
i
on (B
u
s
i
n
ess n
a
m
e
,
busi
n
ess
descr
i
pt
i
on, a
n
d ad
dress
)
,
Gene
ra
l
dat
a
desc
ri
pt
i
on (C
om
pany
nam
e
, Ind
u
st
r
y
, descri
pt
i
on
of t
h
e
pr
o
duct
s
o
ffe
re
d,
Ge
o
g
ra
phi
c
code
s
base
d
on
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
sal
t
a
xo
n
o
m
i
es) an
d Tec
h
ni
cal
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on (
A
p
o
i
n
t
e
r
to an exte
rnal
s
p
ecification and a
n
a
d
d
r
ess
f
o
r in
v
oki
ng
the
WEB se
rvice
)
.
XM
L has bec
o
m
e
de-fact
o st
anda
r
d
fo
r effe
ct
i
ng com
m
uni
cat
i
on bet
w
ee
n
t
w
o com
put
i
n
g st
at
i
ons.
XM
L i
s
a
n
ext
e
nde
d
m
a
rk-u
p
l
a
n
gua
ge t
h
at
hel
p
s
m
o
st
of
t
h
e c
o
m
put
ers t
o
e
x
c
h
an
ge
dat
a
i
n
a
n
o
p
e
n
m
a
nne
r
.
It
i
s
not
de
pe
n
d
ent
on a
n
y
of
t
h
e OS
or
pr
og
ram
m
i
ng l
a
ng
u
a
ge. M
a
ny
t
o
ol
s are i
n
ext
e
nt
t
oday
f
o
r de
vel
opi
ng
an XM
L
base
d
m
e
ssage and
al
so pa
rsi
n
g t
h
e sam
e
. Tool
s
t
o
deal
wi
t
h
X
M
L based
d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
s are ava
i
l
a
ble
nearl
y
fo
r eve
r
y
operat
i
n
g sy
st
em
and fo
r m
i
grat
i
ng i
n
t
o
m
a
ny
of t
h
e l
a
ng
ua
ges w
h
i
c
h
i
n
cl
ude
java
, C
#
, C
,
C++ etc.
Co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
b
e
tw
een
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g lo
catio
n
s
can
b
e
ef
f
ected thr
ough
RPC
(
R
em
o
t
e Pro
c
ed
ur
e
C
a
l
l
s
). R
P
C
s
can be
per
f
o
r
m
e
d by
usi
ng
X
M
L-R
P
C
base
d p
r
ot
ocol
w
h
i
c
h i
s
sim
p
l
e
. R
e
quest
t
o
e
x
e
c
ut
e a
pr
oce
d
u
r
e at
o
n
e
of c
o
m
put
i
n
g
can
be
enc
ode
d i
n
t
o
a
n
XM
L m
e
ssage w
h
i
c
h ca
n
be
sent
usi
n
g a
t
r
ans
p
or
t
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
u
ch
as HTT
P
. T
h
e
resul
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
out
of t
h
e
pr
oce
d
u
r
e e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
i
s
f
o
rm
ul
at
ed i
n
t
o
a
XM
L
message and transm
itted back as a HTTP res
p
onse
. XML
re
spo
n
ses a
r
e em
bed
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e bo
dy
of t
h
e
HTTP
response.
Diverse applications can c
o
mmunicate usi
ng
M
L
-R
PC
as t
h
e pr
ot
oc
ol
as such is
platform
i
nde
pen
d
e
n
t
.
For
exam
pl
e an A
p
pl
i
cat
i
on de
vel
o
pe
d i
n
J
A
V
A
ca
n
com
m
uni
cat
e wi
t
h
a
n
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
on
devel
ope
d i
n
P
E
R
L
l
a
ng
ua
ge.
XM
L-R
P
C
de
fi
nes a set
of
d
a
t
a
t
y
pes t
h
at
can be
use
d
f
o
r
passi
n
g
t
h
e
dat
a
as
fu
nct
i
o
n arg
u
m
ent
s
, ret
u
r
n
v
a
l
u
es and e
r
r
o
r
m
e
ssages, a reque
st
rel
a
t
e
d m
e
ssage st
ruct
ure co
nt
ai
ni
ng
a HTTP
POST
re
q
u
est
m
e
t
hod a
n
d t
h
e i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on
and
a re
sp
o
n
se
rel
a
t
e
d m
e
ssage st
r
u
ct
u
r
e c
o
nt
ai
ni
n
g
a
HT
TP G
ET
req
u
est
m
e
t
hod a
n
d
t
h
e i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on. A
rem
o
t
e
p
r
oced
ure
cal
l
i
s
m
a
de of
dat
a
,
re
quest
a
n
d
res
p
onse
m
e
ssag
e
whic
h are all e
n
code
d int
o
a
XML m
e
ssage. The
XML m
e
ssage ca
n al
so
be i
n
cl
ude
d as
aa TC
P/
IP m
e
ssage.
Parse
r
s a
r
e re
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r ei
t
h
e
r
enc
odi
ng
o
r
d
ecodi
ng
t
h
e
X
M
L m
e
ssages t
h
at
are
ei
t
h
er
e
n
co
de
d
or
dec
o
ded
.
In
fo
rm
at
i
on
be
t
w
een
t
h
e
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
ca
n
al
s
o
be excha
nge
d
by
usi
ng S
O
A
P
(Si
m
pl
e obje
c
t
ori
e
nt
ed
access protoc
ol). SOAP has
been
desi
gned originally to im
ple
m
ent re
mote procedure calls and now it has
been m
odi
fi
ed
such t
h
at
vari
et
y
of
m
e
ssagi
ng sy
st
em
s
ca
n be
used to
deliver the m
e
s
s
ages using di
ffe
rent
t
r
ans
p
o
r
t
p
r
ot
o
c
ol
s. SO
AP t
h
us can
be us
ed
fo
r a cl
i
e
nt
application to uses
the services
deployed
on a re
m
o
te
serer
usi
n
g
a c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on
pr
ot
oc
ol
i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d by
a
WEB service a
n
d also i
n
vok
e a
specific m
e
thod that
has bee
n
co
de
d i
n
t
o
t
h
e
WEB
servi
ce. S
O
A
P
m
e
ssage
s can be del
i
v
ered by
sui
n
g
vari
et
y
of t
r
ansp
o
r
t
pr
ot
oc
ol
s s
u
ch
as HT
TP,
T
C
P/
IP et
c.
SOAP s
p
ecification includes t
h
r
ee di
ffe
rent
parts that incl
ude a
n
envel
ope
, dat
a
enco
di
n
g
r
u
l
e
s,
an
d
R
P
C
c
o
nv
ent
i
o
n
s
.
WEB
ser
v
i
ces
are de
fi
ne
d
u
s
i
ng
WS
DL
whi
c
h
uses XML Gramm
a
r.
W
S
DL is a
specification
l
a
ng
ue use
d
f
o
r descri
bi
n
g
t
h
e WEB
servi
c
e
s
. Fo
ur
di
ffe
re
nt
aspect
s o
f
t
h
e WEB
servi
c
e
s
have be
en i
n
cl
ude
d
into the
WSDL specification that in
cl
ude
s
inform
ation
about the i
n
te
rface which gives details
about
t
h
e
pu
bl
i
c
l
y
cal
l
a
bl
e funct
i
o
ns
. WS
DL al
so
pr
ovi
des t
h
e de
s
c
ri
pt
i
o
n ab
out
di
ffe
re
nt
ki
n
d
s
of dat
a
t
y
pes t
h
at
can
be i
n
cl
u
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
di
f
f
ere
n
t
re
que
st
resp
o
n
se
m
e
ssage
s. One can als
o
s
p
ecify usi
ng
WSDL, the t
r
ans
p
ort
pr
ot
oc
ol
s t
h
at
can
be
use
d
fo
r c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on.
The
bi
n
d
i
n
g i
n
fo
rm
at
ion
rel
a
t
e
d t
o
bi
n
d
i
n
g a T
r
a
n
sp
o
r
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Im
pl
eme
n
t
i
n
g
Dyn
a
m
i
c
al
l
y
E
v
ol
va
bl
e C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n w
i
t
h
E
m
bed
d
e
d
S
y
st
ems …
(
Sm
t. J.
Sasi B
h
anu
)
38
5
pr
ot
oc
ol
t
o
a WEB
ser
v
i
ce can be speci
fi
e
d
usi
ng t
h
e
WSDL specificati
o
n. The TC
P/IP related
in
fo
rmatio
n
related
to th
e
serv
er at
wh
ich
web serv
ices are
d
e
p
l
oyed ca
n als
o
be incl
uded
in
to
WSDL sp
eci
ficatio
n.
The c
o
ntract
between the Cli
e
nt (Service
re
que
ster)
and the server (service provide
r
) is
de
fine
d
by
WS
DL in the
sim
ilar way th
at JAVA i
n
terface represents
the cont
ract be
tween a ja
va object a
nd the c
lient
appl
i
cat
i
o
n.
WSDL i
s
pl
at
f
o
r
m
i
ndepe
nde
nt
and al
s
o
i
s
l
a
ng
ua
ge i
n
depe
nde
nt
u
n
l
i
k
e J
A
V
A
o
r
any
ot
he
r
l
a
ng
uage a
nd t
h
e
W
S
DL i
s
us
ed pri
m
ari
l
y
for descri
bi
ng
the W
E
B Serv
ices. A clie
nt can locate the existence
of a
W
E
B service using
WSDL and be abl
e
to call
the
functions that are define
d with public access. Tool
s
th
at h
a
v
e
b
een d
e
v
e
lop
e
d wit
h
b
u
ilt-in
awaren
ess
o
f
WEB serv
ices can be u
s
ed
to au
t
o
mate th
e p
r
o
c
ess of
in
teg
r
ating
t
h
e
n
e
w serv
ices with
th
e app
licatio
n
s
.
WSDL
is the
nucleus
of t
h
e
WE
B
services a
r
chitecture
a
s
i
t
i
n
cl
udes t
h
e
l
a
ng
uage
usi
n
g w
h
i
c
h t
h
e se
rvi
ces a
r
e des
c
ri
be
d an
d
pr
ov
i
d
es t
h
e s
p
eci
f
i
cat
i
on re
qui
re
d f
o
r
au
to
m
a
tical
ly i
n
terfaci
n
g
th
e
WEB serv
ices
in
to
a
serv
er b
a
sed
app
licatio
n.
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
ove
r t
h
e i
n
t
e
rnet
ca
n
be ac
hi
eve
d
by
u
s
i
n
g t
h
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
sal
dat
a
g
r
am
pr
ot
ocol
(
U
D
P
)
and T
r
a
n
sport cont
rol protoc
ol (T
CP). TCP and
UDP protocols ca
n be
use
d
for se
ndi
ng a
n
d receivi
ng t
h
e
m
e
ssages o
v
er
t
h
e i
n
t
e
rnet
.
M
a
ny
appl
i
cat
i
ons
uses
either UDP or TCP for co
mm
unicating over ei
ther a
Local area
net
w
ork or
Internet. For e
x
am
ple a com
put
er s
e
nds a
URL to a Dom
a
in name server (DNS)
a
nd
gets the TCP\
IP a
d
dress.
A com
puter sends a
n
UR
L t
o
a
W
E
B server and the
WEB serve
r
se
nds the
req
u
est
e
d
WE
B
pa
ge
by
em
beddi
ng
t
h
e
WE
B
pa
ge i
n
t
o
t
h
e
TC
P se
gm
ent
of
TC
P
dat
a
pa
cket
. TC
P a
n
d
UD
P
can
be u
s
ed
t
o
t
r
ansm
i
t
m
e
ssages
devel
ope
d
i
n
any
ot
he
r f
o
rm
at
. Transm
itt
i
ng
usi
n
g
UD
P i
s
a fast
e
r
pr
oces
s
as the protocol does
not support the process of ackno
wledging the recei
pt of the m
e
ssage, fi
ndi
ng
out the
proper
orde
r of receipt
of t
h
e
message
and
findi
ng out proper fl
ow
of th
e
messages. TCP/IP address ide
n
tifie
s
the addre
ss
of
bot
h the
sende
r
and t
h
e recei
ver. UDP a
s
s
u
ch nee
d
not
have to i
n
clude
the sende
r
s T
C
P/IP
address as a
pa
rt of the m
e
ssa
ge that is m
ean
t for tra
n
sm
itting. TCP/IP a
d
dress m
u
st be
associated
with a Net
mark address t
o
route the m
e
ssage to
a sp
ecific lo
cal area n
e
two
r
k
.
In
add
itio
n
,
it is n
e
cessary to
attach
few
m
o
re addresse
s to the m
e
ssage whic
h
include gateway
address
,
a router ad
dress
when i
t
acts as gateway a
nd
an
IP add
r
ess of a DNS serv
er. All th
ese ad
dresses will h
e
lp
in
prop
er
ro
u
t
i
n
g
of th
e m
e
ssag
e
s an
d
en
su
re th
at
messages are
received
by the
designated
re
ceiver.
T
h
e IP
addresses use
d
for differe
n
t purposes
can be
pre
-
code
d
wi
t
h
i
n
f
i
rm
ware or a s
e
parat
e
DHC
P
(Dy
n
am
i
c
hos
t
cont
r
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
)
serve
r
can
be co
nt
act
ed t
o
ge
t
t
h
e I
P
Ad
dre
s
s
e
s t
h
at
ca
n
be
use
d
f
o
r
di
ffe
r
e
nt
p
u
r
p
o
ses
.
TC
P/
IP an
d U
D
P p
r
ot
oc
ol
s are use
d
by
m
a
ny
appl
i
cat
i
o
n speci
fi
c p
r
ot
oc
ol
s suc
h
as HT
TP w
h
i
c
h i
s
use
d
fo
r com
m
uni
cat
i
n
g wi
t
h
t
h
e
W
E
B
ser
v
e
r
. Eve
r
y
em
bedde
d b
o
a
r
d ca
n
be pr
o
v
i
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
dat
a
rel
a
t
e
d
t
o
IP
add
r
ess
,
net
w
o
r
k m
a
sk, l
o
gi
c
a
l
po
rt
n
u
m
b
er st
ore
d
i
n
i
t
s
E
E
PR
OM
. T
h
e
Et
her
n
et
p
o
rt
c
a
n be
bi
n
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
TCP/IP a
d
dres
s and suit a T
C
P/IP function calls can
be
m
a
de available as callable functions as regula
r
functions that
can
be called from
a ES application.
1.
2. Pro
b
l
em Defi
ni
ti
on
Im
pl
em
ent
i
ng WEB
se
rvi
ces
serve
r
wi
t
h
i
n
a
n
em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s l
eads t
o
ext
e
nsi
v
e aut
o
m
a
t
i
on an
d
reuse
.
Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on o
f
WEB
servi
ces re
qui
res h
uge a
m
ount
of st
o
r
a
g
e area p
r
oce
s
si
ng p
o
w
er a
n
d p
o
rt
i
n
g
o
f
th
e techn
o
l
o
g
i
es
wh
ich
are requ
ired
fo
r in
teractin
g
wi
th
in
tern
et world
.
Em
b
e
dd
ed syste
m
s are l
o
w i
n
r
e
sour
ces an
d th
er
ef
or
e t
h
ro
w a challenge t
o
im
ple
m
ent light-weight
em
bedde
d
WEB se
rvices t
h
at can cater
for th
e user
req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s. Th
e m
a
in
p
r
ob
le
m
is to
d
e
vel
o
p sim
p
le W
E
B services arc
h
itecture t
h
at requi
re
s
very
l
e
ss
res
o
urces
o
n
t
h
e e
m
bedded
sy
st
em
si
de whi
c
h
is expected t
o
host all the
services
required t
o
co
m
p
lete th
e task
s i
n
itiated
b
y
th
e
HOST and returns th
e resu
lts ach
iev
e
d ou
t of ex
ecu
tio
n of th
e task
s.
We ha
ve seen
i
n
t
h
e dy
nam
i
c evol
ut
i
on m
odel
m
a
ny
t
a
sks are t
o
be p
e
rf
orm
e
d by
t
h
e TAR
G
E
T
b
a
sed
on
t
h
e co
mman
d
in
itiated
fro
m
th
e HOST and
reru
n
th
e resu
lts
o
b
t
ain
e
d
t
h
rou
g
h
ex
ecu
tion
of the tasks
back to t
h
e HOST. T
h
e Ta
sks
that ha
v
e
b
een
id
en
tified are
related
to
syn
t
ax
, sem
a
n
tics an
d on
lin
e testin
g and
evol
vi
n
g
t
h
e t
a
sks
dy
nam
i
cal
ly
.
Th
e co
mm
an
d
s
in
itiated
from th
e HOST can
b
e
en
cl
o
s
ed in
to
a SOAP
messag
e
wh
ich is fo
rm
at
ted
in XML language and transm
itted. The SOAP
m
e
ssage is
received and pa
rsed a
nd the c
o
mmand is retrieved.
Based
on the c
o
mmand
received,
one
of t
h
e
m
a
in services
sem
a
ntic evolutions, Synta
x
e
vol
ution, E
v
olution
of
o
n
l
i
n
e t
e
st
i
ng
o
r
pa
ssi
n
g
t
h
e dat
a
rece
i
v
ed t
o
t
h
e e
m
bedded a
p
pl
i
cat
i
on ca
n be
un
de
rt
ake
n
.
H
e
re t
h
e
services
prim
ar
ily are related t
o
one
of t
h
e e
v
o
l
u
tion
m
o
d
e
ls or th
e ES app
licatio
n
itself.
An e
fficient
WEB services
oriented arc
h
itecture is
requ
ired
th
at im
p
l
e
m
e
n
ts th
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c ev
o
l
u
tion
an
d p
a
ss d
a
ta
to
ES app
licati
o
n. It is also
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
that the real im
plementati
on plat
form
s are dete
rm
ined
and t
h
e sam
e
are t
o
be use
d
for
devel
opm
ent
of se
rvi
ces
consi
d
eri
n
g t
h
e ev
ol
ut
i
o
n
m
odul
es and t
h
e ES
ap
p
lication
.
Thu
s
th
e prob
l
e
m
is to
find
an
efficien
t arch
it
ecture a
n
d
use the sam
e
for effective im
ple
m
entation
whi
c
h i
s
sim
p
l
e
t
o
im
pl
em
ent and t
h
at
re
q
u
i
r
es ve
ry
few
re
sou
r
ces
. O
n
e i
m
port
a
nt
way
i
s
t
o
ex
pl
ore
p
u
s
hi
n
g
m
u
ch of t
h
e
pr
ocessi
ng t
o
t
h
e H
O
ST a
n
d j
u
st
t
h
e
se
rvices are im
ple
m
ented on t
h
e target side
. The
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n m
u
st
be don
e usi
ng t
h
e
pl
at
form
s t
h
at
requi
re few res
o
urces
. To t
h
e
ext
e
nt
p
o
ssi
bl
e
i
t
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
38
1 – 39
8
38
6
necessa
ry to
write proprietary platfo
rm
so that the ove
r
heads that on
e
has to
face
when tec
h
nol
ogi
es like
TOMCAT
, W
E
BLO
G
IC SE
RVER,
JB
OSS
etc.
g
e
ts co
m
p
letely g
e
ts eli
m
in
ated
.
1.
3 Rel
a
ted W
o
rk
[Mich
ael Sig
et al, 20
04
] [10
]
Main
ly d
e
scrib
e
d
th
e applicab
ility o
f
WEB serv
ices in d
i
stribu
ted
em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s envi
r
onm
ent
.
They
ha
v
e
prese
n
t
e
d t
h
e si
ze of t
h
e m
e
ssage t
o
be
t
r
ansm
i
t
t
e
d i
n
creases
ex
ten
s
i
v
ely due to
ad
d
ition
o
f
m
a
n
y
of the ab
straction
s
o
n
top
o
f
t
h
e
actu
a
l m
e
ssag
e
. Th
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
is to
m
i
nim
i
se t
h
e o
v
er
hea
d
as m
u
ch as
possi
bl
e.
They
ha
ve
de
vel
o
ped a t
o
ol
cal
l
e
d
W
S
T
O
OL f
o
r ge
nerat
i
ng t
h
e
WEB
se
r
v
i
ces usi
n
g
m
i
nim
u
m
of
o
v
er
he
ads.
T
h
e t
o
ol
gene
rat
e
s
WE
B
ser
v
i
ces
rel
a
t
e
d m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e i
n
C
Lan
gua
ge. T
h
e
t
ool
al
so ca
n
be use
d
t
o
de
v
e
l
op
WEB
ser
v
i
ces t
h
at
are t
o
be
de
pl
oy
ed
on t
h
e ser
v
er
s
i
de an
d
t
h
e code
req
u
i
r
ed t
o
be
resi
d
e
nt
on t
h
e cl
i
e
nt
si
de t
o
effe
ct
co
m
m
uni
cat
i
on wi
t
h
t
h
e s
e
rve
r
f
o
r wa
nt
of a
service.
WSTOOL can also
g
e
n
e
rated th
e sk
eleto
n
co
d
e
requ
ired
to
exp
o
s
e th
e fu
n
c
tion
a
lity o
f
th
e ex
istin
g
application
on
the serve
r
side
trans
p
are
n
tly.
The t
ool al
so
allo
ws
g
e
n
e
ratin
g th
e clien
t
sid
e
co
d
e
(st
u
b)
wh
ich
can be used for requesting the servi
ces offe
red
by the server in a tran
s
p
a
r
ent m
a
nner. T
h
e ST
UB allows for
cal
l
i
ng a
rem
o
t
e
f
unct
i
o
n c
o
d
e
d i
n
t
o
a
W
E
B
ser
v
i
ce u
s
i
n
g
SO
AP
pr
ot
o
c
o
l
. The
ST
UB
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a C i
n
terface
usi
n
g w
h
i
c
h a rem
o
t
e
funct
i
on
of a
ser
v
i
ce pr
ovi
der ca
n
be re
que
st
ed
fo
r exec
ut
i
o
n
a of t
h
e
f
unct
i
on i
s
execute
d l
o
cally.
The c
ode t
h
at
acts as a stub on the client si
de pick
s t
h
e ar
g
u
m
e
nt
s val
u
es
t
h
at
nee
d
s t
o
b
e
passe
d t
o
a
fun
c
tion
an
d em
b
e
d
th
e argumen
t v
a
lu
es into
a SOAP m
e
ssag
e
and
th
e req
u
e
st to
t
h
e serv
er
b
y
tran
smit
tin
g
t
h
e
m
e
ssage t
h
at
has bot
h t
h
e
nam
e
of t
h
e fu
nct
i
on a
n
d t
h
e val
u
es t
h
at
m
u
st
be passe
d t
o
t
h
e arg
u
m
e
nt
s of t
h
e
fu
nct
i
o
n. T
h
e
code
t
h
at
i
s
ge
nerat
e
d
on t
h
e
ser
v
er si
de
re
prese
n
t
i
n
g t
h
e
skel
et
o
n
i
s
re
s
p
o
n
si
bl
e f
o
r l
i
st
eni
n
g
t
h
e re
quest
fr
o
m
t
h
e cl
i
e
nt
(STUB
)
an
d i
n
vo
ki
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
on, t
h
e nam
e
of
w
h
i
c
h a
n
d t
h
e a
r
g
u
m
e
nt
s t
h
at
m
u
st be passe
d to the
functions are c
o
ntaine
d in
the
SOAP
message recei
ved
by the
Skelt
o
n code.
[Sta
nislav Sliva, et al, 2004]
[
1
1]
St
at
ed t
h
at
di
st
ri
but
e
d
p
r
ocessi
ng
pl
ay
s a m
a
jo
r r
o
l
e
i
n
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns w
hos
e pa
rt
s (P
r
o
ced
u
r
es) a
r
e
execut
e
d i
n
l
o
cal
no
des a
n
d
i
n
rem
o
t
e
no
des di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d
i
n
a
n
e
two
r
k
.
Distrib
u
t
ed pro
c
essin
g
ap
p
licab
le to
em
b
e
d
d
e
d syste
m
s d
e
scrib
e
s sev
e
ral p
o
s
sib
ilities o
f
u
s
ing
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d co
m
put
at
i
ons i
n
an em
bedde
d en
vi
ro
nm
ent
.
The
m
a
jor
part
of t
h
e
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d p
r
ocessi
n
g
appl
i
cabl
e
t
o
em
bedde
d
sy
st
em
s i
s
foc
u
se
d
on
a
descri
p
t
i
on
of
W
E
B
servi
ces
an
d
r
e
l
a
t
e
d p
r
ot
oco
l
s l
i
k
e
SO
AP,
XM
L
-
RPC.
The m
a
i
n
i
n
t
e
nt
i
o
n
o
f
usi
n
g
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d
p
r
o
cessi
ng
m
echani
s
m
i
n
desi
g
n
i
ng a
n
em
bed
d
e
d sy
st
em
i
s
to im
prove
the
possibilities of
such a syste
m
to ha
ve a
n
access to t
h
e services a
n
d
resources
present
on the
ot
he
r sy
st
em
s i
n
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
.
Th
ey
ad
dre
s
s t
h
e
descri
pt
i
on
of
se
veral
exi
s
t
i
n
g
di
st
r
i
but
ed
processi
ng m
e
chanism
s
.
They
prese
n
t
e
d t
h
at
R
P
C
i
s
a po
pul
ar a
nd e
a
sy
m
odel
for
im
pl
em
ent
i
ng a com
m
uni
cat
ion sy
st
em
i
n
th
e clien
t
–
a serv
er m
o
d
e
wi
th
in
a d
i
stri
b
u
t
ed
en
v
i
ron
m
en
t. RFC m
ech
an
ism
is trig
g
e
red
b
y
callin
g –clien
t
wh
ich
send
s the rem
o
te
m
e
ssag
e
to serv
er t
o
ex
ecu
te
a
cer
t
a
i
n
p
r
oce
d
ure
usi
n
g se
nt
a
r
g
u
m
ent
s
. The
o
u
t
c
om
e
of t
h
e re
sul
t
a
n
t
m
e
ssage i
s
re
t
u
r
n
ed t
o
t
h
e
c
a
l
l
e
r. The
r
e a
r
e m
a
ny
ot
her i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
ons o
f
R
P
C
.
H
o
weve
r
som
e
of t
h
e
R
P
C
im
pl
em
ent
a
ti
ons
uses
di
ffe
r
e
nt
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
m
a
ki
ng i
t
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
cat
e.
They
have
pre
s
ent
e
d t
hat “
Q
n
et
” i
s
a nat
i
v
e net
w
o
r
k
di
st
ri
but
e
d
pr
ocessi
ng m
echani
s
m
used i
n
t
h
e
real
t
i
m
e
opera
t
i
ng sy
st
em
. Thi
s
o
p
erat
i
n
g s
y
st
em
not
onl
y
aim
e
d at
pow
erf
u
l
wo
r
k
st
at
i
ons
, ser
v
er
s b
u
t
al
so
su
ppo
rt em
b
e
d
d
e
d
system
s
wh
ich
are bu
ilt u
s
in
g
Mi
cro
c
on
tro
llers. Th
is m
ech
a
n
ism
a
l
so
called
as
Tran
spa
r
ent
Di
st
ri
but
e
d
pr
oce
ssi
ng
, i
s
real
i
z
ed
usi
n
g
passi
ng m
e
ssages.
The m
e
ssage p
a
ssi
ng m
echan
i
s
m
is
fund
am
en
tal p
a
rt of In
ter
Pro
cess C
o
mm
u
n
icatio
n
(IPC
)
of
Q
n
et
sy
st
em
. They
descr
i
bed t
h
e p
r
e-
re
qui
si
t
e
s
t
h
at
need t
o
b
e
consi
d
ere
d
f
o
r
bui
l
d
i
ng
di
s
t
ri
but
e
d
p
r
oces
si
ng m
echani
s
m
s
. They
have al
so pres
ent
e
d t
h
e
p
o
s
sib
ility
o
f
usin
g W
E
B
services
for bu
ild
ing
d
i
stribu
ted
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
system
was
d
i
scu
s
sed
.
[Ke
v
i
n
J. et
al
,
2
0
0
5
]
[
12]
Ha
ve
prese
n
t
e
d
t
h
at
S
N
M
P
(
S
i
m
pl
e net
w
or
k
m
a
nagem
e
nt
prot
ocol
)
h
a
s
b
een
u
s
ed
ex
ten
s
iv
ely fo
r in
teg
r
ating
WEB serv
ices
re
lated
in
frastru
ct
u
r
e
i
n
to
n
e
two
r
k
i
ng
in
frast
ru
ct
u
r
e.
Th
e
SNM
P
has
bee
n
i
n
cl
ude
d i
n
t
o
t
h
e
fi
rm
ware
of
net
w
o
r
ki
ng
devi
ces
w
h
i
c
h
are b
a
si
cal
l
y
t
h
e em
bedded
sy
st
em
s
use
d
f
o
r
un
de
rt
aki
n
g net
w
o
r
ki
n
g
. E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
appl
i
cat
i
o
n
s
are bei
n
g e
n
h
a
nced
wi
t
h
i
n
cl
usi
o
n o
f
ad
d
i
t
i
onal
fun
c
tion
a
lity t
o
ach
i
ev
e
XM
L/SOAP in
ter-o
p
e
rab
ility th
ereb
y en
ab
ling
th
e ex
isting
app
licatio
n
s
t
o
prov
id
e
support t
o
acce
ss the
WEB se
rvices.
Howe
ver SNMP
or
similar networki
ng prot
ocol
s
are installed
on l
e
gacy
har
d
ware a
n
d t
h
ere
f
o
r
e t
o
do
not
a
d
here
t
o
t
h
e
OPE
N
st
a
n
dar
d
s.
Kev
i
n
J. et al, 2
0
0
5
h
a
v
e
atte
m
p
ted
to
enhan
ce th
e cap
ab
ility o
f
th
e ex
istin
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s so
as to
im
pl
em
ent
WEB
ser
v
i
ces b
a
sed
on
S
N
M
P
p
r
ot
ocol
s
.
I
n
way
t
h
ey
at
t
e
m
p
t
e
d t
o
i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d SN
M
P
f
o
r
enabling the
WEB services. SNMP
V2
ha
s bee
n
exte
nded through a s
c
hem
e
that enables we
b se
rvices at
tran
sp
ort lev
e
l
th
ro
ugh
a
XML en
co
d
e
d
SOAP m
e
ssage
wh
ich
is encap
su
lated
an
d bo
und
to HTTP for
t
r
ans
p
o
r
t
i
n
g t
h
e m
e
ssage usi
n
g t
h
e
S
N
M
P
.
T
h
ey
ha
ve
p
r
esen
ted
t
w
o op
tion
s
for im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tin
g th
e ex
tensio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Im
pl
eme
n
t
i
n
g
Dyn
a
m
i
c
al
l
y
E
v
ol
va
bl
e C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n w
i
t
h
E
m
bed
d
e
d
S
y
st
ems …
(
Sm
t. J.
Sasi B
h
anu
)
38
7
t
o
S
N
M
P
whi
c
h i
n
cl
ude
a
WEB
se
rve
r
a
n
d
JA
V
A
l
i
b
ra
ry
, an
d t
h
e
ot
h
e
r o
n
e
bei
n
g t
h
e
use
of l
i
g
ht
wei
g
ht
HTTP/
S
O
A
P s
t
ack. B
o
t
h
t
h
e
opt
i
ons
ha
ve
been
i
m
pl
em
e
n
ted
b
y
in
tegratin
g
th
e ex
ten
s
ion
s
with
in
SNM
P
d
aem
o
n
th
at ru
n
s
as a
b
ackg
r
ou
nd
job
.
Th
ey h
a
v
e
aimed
to
ach
iev
e
in
terop
e
rab
ility b
e
tween
both
th
e
ap
pro
ach
es and
also
to m
a
in
t
a
in
in
tero
p
e
rabilit
y b
e
tween
t
h
e leg
acy
system
s.
B
o
t
h
t
h
e a
p
pr
o
aches
have t
h
e
i
r o
w
n
pe
rf
orm
a
nce l
e
vel
s
a
n
d m
a
ny
feat
ure
s
an
d as s
u
c
h
b
o
t
h
s
u
pp
ort
WEB
se
rvi
ces
wi
t
h
SNM
P
a
s
t
h
e t
r
ans
p
ort
p
r
ot
ocol
.
T
h
e
y
have
prese
n
t
e
d t
h
e
i
m
pact
on
t
h
e
pe
rf
or
m
a
nce
whe
n
E
x
tended SNMP, especially standard SNM
P
V2
h
a
s b
e
en ex
ten
d
e
d
wi
th
tran
sp
ort related
i
n
fra
st
ruct
ure
.
They
ha
ve i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d t
h
e g
S
O
A
P
pr
ot
oc
ol stack
with
Net-SNMP i
n
th
e first ph
ase and
th
en
i
n
t
e
grat
e
d
t
h
e
m
odi
fi
ed S
N
M
P
i
n
t
o
A
P
A
C
HE
W
E
B
se
rve
r
, J
A
V
A
a
ppl
et
s, t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e a
br
ow
se
r-
base
d
in
terface
to
Net-SNMP.
Th
e po
ssi
b
ility o
f
u
s
ing
WEB serv
ices arch
it
ecture (WSA)
for i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tin
g
th
e d
i
stribu
ted
em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s has been i
nve
st
i
g
at
ed by
[Ni
kol
ay
Ka
ka
nak
o
v
, et
al
, 2
0
0
5
]
[1
3]
. T
h
e
y
have ex
pl
ai
n
e
d t
h
at
WSA in
teg
r
ates d
i
fferen
t co
mp
on
en
t b
a
sed tech
no
log
i
es
wi
th
th
e
Worl
d
W
i
d
e
Web
.
According to [R. Pallavi, et
al, 2015]
[14] a serv
ice is:
“a software sy
ste
m
id
en
tified b
y
a UR
I,
wh
ose
pu
bl
i
c
i
n
t
e
rface
s an
d
bi
n
d
i
n
gs are
d
e
fi
ne
d an
d des
c
ri
be
d usi
ng
X
M
L. It
s de
fi
ni
t
i
on ca
n be
di
scove
re
d
by othe
r software syste
m
s. These system
s
m
a
y then in
teract with
th
e
WEB serv
i
ces in a
m
a
nner pres
cribe
d
b
y
its
d
e
fin
ition
,
u
s
i
n
g
XML b
a
sed
m
e
ssag
e
s
conv
eyed
b
y
In
tern
et p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s.”
WEB se
rvices
are accesse
d
by the Applications
thro
ugh us
e
of WEB related
protoc
ols a
nd
differe
n
t
ki
n
d
s
of
f
o
rm
at
t
i
ng st
an
dar
d
s
.
HTT
P
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
st
freq
u
ent
l
y
used
p
r
ot
oc
o
l
fo
r t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
f
o
rm
one
en
d t
o
t
h
e
ot
he
r. XM
L i
s
uni
versal
l
y
be
i
ng
used
fo
r c
odi
ng t
h
e dat
a
t
o
be t
r
an
sp
or
t
e
d o
v
er t
h
e i
n
t
e
rnet
. T
h
e i
n
t
e
rnet
supports a structure that facil
itates
th
e p
r
ogra
m
to
u
s
er in
teractio
n
wh
ile WSA supp
orts p
r
o
g
ram
to
p
r
o
g
ra
m
in
teractio
n [Kerg
e
r et al,
20
01] [15
]
.
Seve
ral
st
anda
rds are
use
d
fo
r b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g t
h
e ap
p
licatio
ns u
s
ing
W
S
A. XML is u
s
ed
for d
a
ta
represe
n
tation, accessing the
WEB services
is im
ple
m
en
ted through SOAP,
descri
bing the
W
E
B services is
ach
iev
e
d
thro
ug
h
W
S
D
L
,
r
e
g
i
ster
ing
an
d
d
i
scov
er
y
of
th
e
W
E
B ser
v
i
ces is ach
iev
e
d
thr
oug
h UDD
I
[
R
.
Pallav
i
,
et al,
20
15
] [14
]
[K
erg
e
r et al,
2
001
] [1
5
]
.
SO
AP (
S
i
m
ple Ob
ject
Acc
e
ss Pr
ot
oc
ol
)
i
s
a l
i
ght
wei
ght
p
r
ot
oc
ol
m
eant
for
dat
a
excha
n
ge
un
de
rt
ake
n
i
n
a di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d
e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
.
SOA
P
i
s
d
e
vel
o
ped
usi
n
g
t
h
e
XM
L.
A
req
u
e
s
t
t
o
a ser
v
e
r
i
s
sent
by
nam
i
ng t
h
e f
u
n
c
t
i
on t
o
be i
n
v
oke
d
o
n
t
h
e se
rve
r
si
de
an
d t
h
e ser
v
e
r
se
nd
s t
h
e res
p
on
se
cont
ai
ni
ng
t
h
e
dat
a
i
n
XML f
o
rm
at.
X
M
L gr
amm
a
r
is u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
e
scr
i
b
i
ng
a
w
e
b
ser
v
ice
u
s
ing
yet an
o
t
h
e
r
languag
e
called
W
S
D
L
(W
EB
Ser
v
i
ces Desc
ri
pt
i
o
n Lan
g
u
a
ge)
.
Al
l
t
h
e pr
o
p
ert
i
e
s of
a W
E
B
se
rvi
c
e are descri
be
d usi
n
g
WSD
L
The
properties of a
W
E
B service
include its location,
desc
ri
ption of the
functionality, the m
e
thods t
h
at can be
i
n
v
oke
d a
n
d t
h
e
param
e
t
e
rs t
h
at
m
u
st
be p
a
ssed.
WSDL
i
s
sim
i
l
a
r t
o
C
O
R
B
A
,
an
d
D
C
OM
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e al
l
related to de
fining a
n
d
working
with the
interfaces.
U
D
D
I
(
U
ni
ver
s
al
Descri
pt
i
o
n
,
Di
sc
ove
ry
an
d I
n
t
e
g
r
a
tio
n) i
s
an
ap
p
lication
th
at m
a
in
tain
s a reg
i
stry
of se
r
v
i
ces.
U
D
D
I
pr
ovi
des
API
usi
n
g
w
h
i
c
h t
h
e
WEB
s
e
rvi
ces a
r
e
pu
bl
i
s
he
d, e
n
q
u
i
r
ed a
nd
res
p
o
n
s
e
s sent
.
Int
e
ract
i
o
n
wi
t
h
UD
DI
ser
v
e
r
i
s
achi
e
ved
t
h
ro
u
g
h
XM
L m
e
ssages
t
h
at
ha
ve st
a
nda
rd
f
o
r
m
at
s. The
det
a
i
l
s
of
a busines
s
, i
n
dustry,
product
and its
related
services
, interfaces, c
o
mm
unica
tion protoc
ol
s
etc
., a
r
e st
ored in
t
h
e re
gi
st
ry
. M
a
ny
p
u
b
l
i
c
AP
I
si
t
e
s exi
s
t
s
t
o
day
an
d t
h
ey
c
a
n
be u
s
ed
f
o
r
pu
bl
i
s
hi
ng t
h
e
WEB
se
rvi
ces.
On
ce
p
u
b
lish
e
d
,
th
e
d
e
tails o
f
tho
s
e serv
ices can
be ob
tain
ed throu
g
h
u
s
e of
related
API.
Em
bedded de
vices whic
h i
n
clude
the sm
artphones
pr
ovide
flexibility in a
cce
ssing the
data through
sup
p
o
rt
of
m
a
ny
o
f
t
h
e
com
m
uni
cat
i
on sy
st
em
s. A set
o
f
sm
art
phone
s c
a
n al
so
col
l
a
b
o
rat
e
fo
r e
x
ch
ange
o
f
th
e d
a
ta a
m
o
n
g
th
em
. Hetero
g
e
n
e
ity is th
e fu
nd
am
en
tal issu
e th
at
m
u
st b
e
ad
dressed
wh
en
it co
mes to
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d c
o
m
put
i
ng. Het
e
r
oge
nei
t
y
i
s
due
t
o
use
of
di
ffe
rent ope
r
ating
syste
m
s,
hard
ware platfo
rm
s,
real-
ti
m
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
our and
p
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
ce ch
aracteristics an
d
t
h
e ab
ility o
f
t
h
e d
e
v
i
ces in
a n
e
ighb
ourhoo
d to
co
mm
u
n
i
cate with
i
n
a seamless
m
a
n
n
e
r [Dan
iel
Sch
a
l
l
, et al,
20
05
] [1
6
]
. Th
e in
t
e
rop
e
rab
ility between
het
e
r
oge
ne
ous
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns
c
o
ul
d be achi
e
ve
d by
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
WEB
se
rvi
ces
whi
c
h
a
r
e not
h
i
ng b
u
t
XM
L
b
a
sed
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s. Th
e in
ter-o
p
e
rab
ilit
y b
e
tween
th
e
ap
p
lication
s
can
b
e
add
r
essed b
y
p
o
r
ting
WEB serv
ices into
the
em
bedde
d de
v
i
ces. Several
t
ool
ki
t
s
exi
s
t
s
t
h
at
hel
p
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
ng t
h
e pe
rf
orm
a
nce of t
h
e em
bedded
devi
ce
s
i
n
t
o
whi
c
h t
h
e
WEB
se
rvi
ces
have
bee
n
p
o
rt
ed.
The
m
a
in
g
o
a
l as
on
tod
a
y
is to
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
WEB serv
ices on
the m
obile devices and the
n
t
o
estim
ate the
perform
a
n
ce of s
u
ch de
vices
into
whic
h the
WEB se
rvices
have
been ported.
Heteroge
neity and Interopera
bility am
ong
differe
nt
system
s can be
addre
ssed
by
using
the
WEB
services and a
fram
e
work in
vol
ving the
WEB services
will be of a
gr
e
a
t help. It is necessary to conside
r
li
mitatio
n
s
on
th
e p
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
ce and
con
s
train
t
s th
at ar
e i
m
p
o
s
ed
du
e t
o
th
e av
ailab
ility o
f
lim
i
t
ed
reso
urces
wh
ile im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tin
g
t
h
e
WEB serv
ices.
WEB serv
ices ar
e bei
n
g s
u
ed a
s
ena
b
l
i
ng i
n
f
r
a
st
ruct
u
r
e f
o
r
achvi
ng
in
terop
e
rab
ility b
e
tween
th
e h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
m
o
b
ile d
e
v
i
ces. Th
e p
e
rfo
rm
an
ce o
f
th
e ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
is th
e
m
o
st
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
issue th
at m
u
st b
e
con
s
id
ered wh
ile atte
m
p
tin
g
to
im
p
l
e
m
en
t
W
E
B serv
ices in
tho
s
e
syste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
38
1 – 39
8
38
8
Seve
ral
pl
at
fo
r
m
s exi
s
t
s
t
oday
usi
ng w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e W
E
B
ser
v
i
ces can be i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d. C
o
m
p
ari
s
on o
f
t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce of s
u
ch
pl
at
f
o
rm
i
s
needed. One ca
n com
p
are the perf
orm
a
nce us
i
ng t
h
e t
ech
n
o
l
o
gi
es
JAV
A
/
J
2M
E,
C
++ usi
n
g
w
h
i
c
h t
h
e
WEB
servi
ces
can
b
e
im
pl
em
ent
e
d.A
fram
e
wo
rk
has
bee
n
pre
s
ent
e
d
usi
n
g
whi
c
h t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce at
vari
ou
s l
a
y
e
rs o
f
WE
B services stack can be
m
easured.
T
h
e pe
rformance
measurem
ents take int
o
the
c
onsi
d
er
at
i
o
n
cr
eat
i
on
of
S
O
A
P
m
e
ssages,
pr
ocessi
n
g
o
f
t
h
e m
e
ssages et
c. T
h
e
fram
e
work provide
d
a m
e
thod to trace
the
flow
of m
e
ssages betwee
n the
c
lient and the
serve
r
and c
o
m
putes
th
e ti
m
e
sp
en
t i
n
tran
sm
it
tin
g
t
h
e m
e
ssag
e
s.
Mo
st o
f
th
e em
b
e
d
d
e
d
system
s
are b
u
ilt as stan
d
a
lon
e
sy
ste
m
s. Ho
wever, th
ese
d
a
ys m
o
st fo
cu
s is
on i
n
t
e
grat
i
n
g
t
h
e em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s wi
th ot
he
r em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s
and e
v
en
wi
t
h
t
h
e l
o
aded s
y
st
em
s
[G
ui
l
h
erm
e
B
e
rt
o
n
i
et
al
, 20
06]
[
1
7]
.
The
em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s are co
nne
ct
ed wi
t
h
ot
he
r sy
st
em
s by
usi
n
g
m
a
ny
t
y
pes of
com
m
uni
cat
i
on sy
st
em
s. Em
bed
d
e
d
sy
st
em
s ar
e
being inte
rface
d wit
h
int
e
rnet s
o
as t
o
be able
to
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
e with
an
y o
f
th
e syste
m
th
at
is p
a
rt o
f
in
tern
et. TCP/IP is p
r
edo
m
in
an
tly
u
s
ed
for effecti
n
g
th
e
com
m
unication am
ong the s
y
stem
s that ar
e interface wit
h
the internet.
WEB services
are hea
v
ily in use for
su
ppo
r
ting d
i
str
i
b
u
t
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at run on
t
h
e in
ter
n
et.
W
E
B
serv
i
ces or
ien
t
ed
ar
ch
itectur
e su
pp
or
ts
i
n
t
e
rco
n
n
ect
i
n
g di
ffe
rent
t
y
pes
of sy
st
e
m
s
t
h
ro
ug
h
u
s
e of
TC
P/
IP
dri
v
en
net
w
or
ks. M
a
ny
b
u
si
nes
s
applications c
o
mm
unicate s
e
a
m
lessly when the a
pplica
t
i
ons
are i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d by
u
s
i
ng t
h
e
WEB
s
e
rvi
c
e
s
whic
h are de
pl
oyed on a HOST serve
r
. But
no cases as
su
ch
is seen
wh
ich
con
s
id
ers in
t
e
rconn
ectio
n
between
th
e h
e
terog
e
n
e
o
u
s
em
b
e
dd
ed
syste
m
s u
s
in
g
WEB serv
ices. Th
e feasi
b
ility
o
f
su
ch
a in
terco
n
n
ection
b
e
t
w
een
the heterogene
ous em
bedde
d
syste
m
and m
a
king the
em
bedde
d system
s to comm
unicate with each
ot
her
by
u
s
ing
th
e
WEB serv
ices h
a
s b
e
en
ex
p
l
o
r
ed. Th
e feasi
b
ility o
f
i
n
terco
nnectin
g
th
e h
e
terog
e
n
e
ou
s em
b
e
dd
ed
syste
m
s and
make them
to communicat
e with each ot
her through we
b servi
ces has bee
n
tried on SHIP boa
r
d
whic
h is i
n
terfaced
with m
a
ny othe
r syst
ems usi
n
g Interne
t
as
connecting bac
k
bone.
It h
a
s b
e
co
m
e
a reality of i
n
terco
n
n
ecting [Gu
ilh
erm
e
Berto
n
i
Machad
o, et al, 200
6
]
[17
]
an
d
i
n
t
e
grat
i
n
g
var
i
ous t
y
pe
s o
f
com
put
i
ng
s
y
st
em
s and pl
at
form
s i
n
cl
ud
i
ng t
h
e em
bedde
d sy
st
em
s.
W
E
B
servi
ces
ori
e
nt
ed arc
h
i
t
ect
ure
s
an
d t
ech
nol
o
g
i
e
s can
be
use
d
t
o
devel
op m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e
usi
n
g w
h
i
c
h i
nde
p
e
nde
nt
syste
m
s can be
m
a
de to communicate with each
other.
W
E
B service
s
orie
nted tec
h
nologies are
being
em
pl
oy
ed s
u
c
cessf
ul
l
y
for
i
n
t
e
grat
i
o
n
of
di
ffe
re
nt
b
u
s
i
n
ess a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons.
In
fact
ory
sy
st
em
several
devices/e
qui
pment exists that need
s to communicate with each othe
r a
nd as suc
h
the comm
unication is
achi
e
ve
d t
h
r
o
u
g
h
cu
st
om
i
s
ed sol
u
t
i
o
ns.
T
h
e
devi
ces
an
d t
h
e eq
ui
pm
ent
ar
e ge
neral
l
y
het
e
ro
ge
neo
u
s i
n
nat
u
re
and e
v
e
n
f
o
l
l
o
w di
ffe
rent
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on s
y
st
em
s. Such s
y
st
em
s
m
u
st
be i
n
t
e
grat
e
d
u
s
i
ng t
h
e
WEB
s
e
rvi
ces
rel
a
t
e
d t
ech
n
o
l
ogi
es
as c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
n
g am
ong
het
e
ro
ge
ne
ous
sy
st
em
s i
s
qui
t
e
po
ssi
bl
e
usi
n
g
WEB
se
rvi
ces.
The use
of
Web se
rvices
has been investigated for
i
n
t
e
grat
i
n
g v
a
ri
o
u
s de
vi
ces
that are used in the
man
u
f
act
u
r
i
n
g o
f
a sm
artp
hon
e. Th
e ap
p
licatio
n
h
a
s b
e
en
in
v
e
stig
ated
fro
m
th
e p
o
i
n
t
o
f
re-con
figurab
ility
an
d wo
rk
ing
o
f
th
e sam
e
u
n
d
e
r th
e
re-con
fi
gu
ration
situ
a
tion
.
Th
e ab
ility o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ces t
o
re-co
n
figu
re
u
n
d
e
r
ch
ang
e
d
situ
at
io
n
s
will b
e
ab
le to
ad
ap
t the
m
selv
es
to
the ch
ang
e
s. Reco
mmen
d
a
tions h
a
v
e
b
e
en
mad
e
to
make changes
to the firm
w
a
re loade
d
int
o
the em
bedd
ed syste
m
s so that the devi
ces can be int
e
grate
d
thr
o
u
g
h
WEB services
.
The se
rvice oriented a
r
chitec
t
ure
(SOA) is
being
u
s
ed
off late
for imp
l
em
en
tin
g
the d
i
stribu
ted
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
syste
m
s [Mitk
o
Petro
Shop
ov
, et al, 2
0
0
7
]
[1
8
]
.
Th
ere is a p
o
ssib
ility
th
at so
me o
f
th
e syste
m
s th
at
are v
e
nd
or specific will b
e
rep
l
aced
b
y
th
e system
s
th
at u
s
e open
stand
a
rd
s
an
d m
o
v
i
n
g
to
ward
s
im
pl
em
ent
i
ng
di
st
ri
b
u
t
e
d
em
bed
d
e
d
de
vi
ces w
h
i
c
h
are
c
o
n
n
ect
ed
on
t
o
e
n
t
e
r
p
ri
se
w
i
de n
e
t
w
or
ks.
M
a
ny
expe
ri
m
e
nt
s have bee
n
co
nd
uct
e
d f
o
r e
v
al
uat
i
ng t
h
e
W
E
B
servi
ces t
h
at
are l
a
unc
h
e
d o
n
t
o
AR
M
based
syste
m
s w
h
ich r
u
n
und
er
t
h
e co
n
t
r
o
l of
LI
NUX
op
er
at
ing system
.
Many
W
E
B s
e
rvices
orie
nted code
gene
rat
i
o
n t
o
ol
ki
t
s
are
i
n
use
an
d
po
rt
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
o
be i
n
st
al
l
e
d wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e em
bedded
d
e
vi
ces t
o
m
a
ke t
h
em
use
d
as
WE
N s
e
rvi
ces
o
r
i
e
nt
e
d
devi
ces
.
gSO
A
P i
s
o
n
e
of t
h
e fre
q
u
ent
l
y
u
s
ed t
o
ol
ki
t
s
w
h
i
c
h i
s
b
e
i
n
g
us
ed f
o
r
gene
rat
i
o
n
WE
B
ser
v
i
ces rel
a
t
e
d co
de t
h
at
c
a
n
be
po
rt
ed in the Em
bedded de
vices. T
w
o
WEB se
rvices
(Echo
and
Tem
p
erat
u
r
e)
ha
ve
been
d
e
vel
o
ped
w
h
i
c
h are
de
pl
oy
e
d
on
t
o
AP
AC
H
E
W
E
B
s
e
r
v
er
usi
n
g C
G
I i
n
t
e
rface
.
The se
rvices that are
depl
oyed are te
st
ed
u
s
i
n
g
gS
OA
P a
n
d
.
N
ET
WEB
cl
i
e
nt
s.
These
day
s
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on get
s
gene
rat
e
d
f
r
o
m
di
versi
f
i
e
d s
o
u
r
ces
[
D
a
v
i
d
E. Cu
ller
et al, 20
07
] [1
9]
an
d
in
teg
r
ate th
is sam
e
an
d
prov
id
i
n
g
th
e
un
ified
p
i
ctu
r
e i
s
th
e n
ecessity. Th
e d
a
ta g
e
ts g
e
n
e
rated
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e co
m
m
uni
cat
i
on m
e
di
a whi
c
h a
l
l
o
ws t
h
e exc
h
ange a
nd c
o
nt
r
o
l
of
dat
a
. Th
e part
ne
rs w
h
i
c
h are
excha
n
gi
n
g
da
t
a
usi
n
g t
h
e c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on
m
e
di
a
m
u
st
agr
ee on
th
e
d
a
ta represen
tatio
n, standards,
form
ats,
m
odels (Data/
Object) etc.
WEB services a
r
e to
be
disc
overed and
use
d
so t
h
at all the
basic iss
u
es ca
n
be
add
r
esse
d
fo
r
b
e
i
ng a
b
l
e
t
o
e
x
chan
ge t
h
e
dat
a
by
t
h
e
pa
rt
ne
rs
usi
n
g t
h
e m
e
di
a f
o
r
com
m
uni
cat
i
on.
There i
s
u
r
gen
t
need f
o
r
usi
n
g di
f
f
ere
n
t
t
echn
o
l
o
gi
es f
o
r
m
a
ki
ng
het
e
ro
gene
o
u
s em
bedde
d de
vi
c
e
connected on t
o
a
network
to comm
unicate
e
ffectively
[
D
a
nilo
J et al, 20
08
] [
2
0
]
.
I
t
is ne
cessary that se
rvic
e
ori
e
nt
ed t
ech
n
o
l
o
gi
es be use
d
fo
r m
a
ki
ng di
ve
rse an
d h
e
t
e
ro
gene
o
u
s em
bedde
d de
v
i
ces t
o
co
m
m
uni
cat
e
effectiv
ely ov
er th
e n
e
two
r
k
s
to
wh
ic
h the devices are connected.
XML and
WEB serv
ices h
a
v
e
b
een
pu
t in
to
the
use
within the em
bedded de
vices
. Th
e
str
o
n
g
in
ter
acti
o
n pow
er of
t
h
e
WEB s
e
rvices m
a
kes it essay t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Im
pl
eme
n
t
i
n
g
Dyn
a
m
i
c
al
l
y
E
v
ol
va
bl
e C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n w
i
t
h
E
m
bed
d
e
d
S
y
st
ems …
(
Sm
t. J.
Sasi B
h
anu
)
38
9
access diffe
re
nt kinds of re
sources
whic
h gene
rally
heteroge
neous in nature
. The
Middlewa
r
e developed
u
s
ing
th
e
WEB serv
ices m
a
k
e
s th
e
sem
a
n
tics o
f
an
a
pplication m
o
re abstract leadi
n
g to t
h
e hi
ding the
co
m
p
lex
ity o
f
t
h
e ap
p
lication
syste
m
s.
WS
4D i
s
a co
m
m
on o
p
en
so
urce
pl
at
f
o
rm
fo
r d
e
vel
opi
ng
an
d u
s
i
n
g
de
vi
ce p
r
o
f
i
l
e
WEB
ser
v
i
ces
(DPWS)
[Elmar Zee
b
, et al,
2008] [21]
t
h
at
can be
used in differe
n
t e
n
vi
r
onm
ent
s
. S
O
A
i
s
cha
n
gi
n
g
t
h
e vi
e
w
o
f
m
a
n
y
of th
e en
terp
rise applicatio
n
s
. SOA h
e
lp
s in
de
vel
opi
ng
t
h
e s
o
ft
ware
arc
h
itected that c
o
nsiders the
m
odular a
p
proaches
which ai
m
s
at high
degree
of i
n
terope
rability and re
usa
b
ility. SOA is m
a
king it possibl
e
t
o
m
a
ke sm
al
l
reso
u
r
ce c
onst
r
ai
ned
de
vi
ces t
o
becom
e
po
w
e
rf
ul
by
usi
n
g
SO
A a
n
d
net
w
or
ki
n
g
t
h
e em
bedde
d
devi
ces
.
The
open
source platform
WS4D is us
ed
wi
th th
e
web
ser
v
i
ce t
o
ol
ki
t
g
S
O
A
P
fo
r t
h
e
devel
opm
ent
of
SO
AP
base
d
web
ser
v
i
ces
usi
n
g C
/
C
++.
The
gS
OA
P t
o
ol
ki
t
h
a
s i
n
i
t
,
t
h
e de
vel
opm
ent
an
d t
h
e r
u
n-t
i
m
e
envi
ro
nm
ent
.
The t
o
ol
ki
t
ai
m
s
at
t
h
e deve
l
opm
ent
of
we
b ser
v
i
ces t
h
at
ru
n o
n
sm
al
l
fo
ot
p
r
i
n
t
.
gS
O
A
P
has
th
e fun
c
tio
n
a
li
ty in
it g
e
n
e
rate cod
e
for i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tin
g
t
h
e
WEN service u
s
ing
its
o
w
n
bu
ilt-in
serv
ice
descri
pt
i
on l
a
n
gua
ge w
h
i
c
h i
s
based
on C
l
i
k
e sy
nt
ax
. The
web se
rvi
ces
descri
pt
i
on i
s
s
t
ore
d
i
n
gS
O
A
P
fi
l
e
s
t
h
at
are si
m
i
l
a
r t
o
C
heade
r
fi
l
e
s. A t
r
a
n
sl
at
i
o
n m
odul
e al
so
i
s
cont
ai
ne
d i
n
gS
OA
P f
o
r t
r
a
n
sl
at
i
ng t
h
e
WSDL
fi
l
e
s i
n
t
o
gS
O
A
P fi
l
e
s an
d v
i
ce versa. g
S
O
A
P has a co
de
gene
rat
i
on t
o
ol
t
h
at
gene
rat
e
s code re
q
u
i
r
ed f
o
r
im
pl
em
ent
i
ng t
h
e we
b se
rvi
c
es. T
h
e g
S
O
A
P
ge
nerat
e
s
X
M
L schem
a
t
h
at
i
n
cl
ude C
d
a
t
a
bi
n
d
i
n
g w
h
i
c
h i
s
al
so ca
pabl
e
o
f
ge
nerat
i
n
g st
u
b
a
n
d
S
k
el
t
o
n
i
n
t
e
rface
m
odul
es f
o
r
desc
ri
bi
ng
t
h
e
WEB
se
rvi
ces.
The
XM
L sc
h
e
m
a
generat
i
o
n p
r
ocess c
r
e
a
t
e
s a
m
a
p b
e
t
w
een C
dat
a
t
y
pes an
d
XM
L sc
hem
a
st
ruct
u
r
es. M
a
r
s
hal
l
i
ng a
n
d de
-m
arshal
l
i
ng f
unct
i
o
ns a
r
e
i
n
cl
ude
d i
n
t
o
t
h
e
code
ge
nerat
e
d f
o
r c
o
nve
rsi
o
n o
n
e
t
y
pe of
dat
a
t
o
ot
he
r. T
h
e S
k
el
t
on an
d st
ub
code
s t
h
at
are
gene
rat
e
d m
a
ps
W
S
DL
ope
ra
t
i
ons t
o
C
fu
nc
t
i
ons
.
The
ru
nt
i
m
e of gS
O
A
P i
n
cl
u
d
e
s t
h
e
ge
nerat
e
d c
ode
an
d t
h
e
ru
nt
i
m
e envi
ro
nm
ent
of
gS
O
A
P.
[R
i
s
t
o
Ser
g
,
et
al
, 2
0
0
8
]
[
2
2]
Have
ex
pl
ai
ne
d t
h
at
m
o
st
e
m
bedded
sy
st
em
s are sel
dom
use
d
al
one
.
Syste
m
s that comm
unicate between eac
h
ot
her a
r
e m
u
ch
m
o
re com
m
on i
n
real
wo
rl
d
u
b
i
q
ui
t
o
u
s
a
ppl
i
cat
i
ons.
If t
h
e em
bedd
ed sens
o
r
s an
d
devi
ces co
ul
d
di
rect
l
y
wor
k
t
oget
h
e
r
an
d
wi
t
h
ot
he
r co
m
put
i
ng de
vi
ces, t
h
ey
would add value to each ot
he
r, and enable new consum
er application.
Present requirem
ents
of cyber-physica
l
sy
st
em
s are us
ual
l
y
t
o
o
hi
gh
fo
r i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng
t
h
em
on
si
n
g
l
e
,
no
n
-
net
w
o
r
ke
d
u
n
i
t
s
.
Usi
n
g
ser
v
i
ce
ori
e
nt
e
d
arch
itecture is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
so
l
u
tio
n
s
t
o
ach
i
eve in
tero
p
e
rab
ility an
d po
ssi
b
l
e fu
ture scaling
o
f
th
e system
.
Th
ey
have
ex
pl
ai
ne
d t
h
at
a
l
i
m
i
t
e
d s
u
b
s
et
o
f
X
M
L
W
E
B
se
r
v
i
ce p
r
ot
oc
ol
s can
be i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d i
n
ve
r
y
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
en
v
i
ron
m
en
t. Su
rprising
ly th
ey fo
und
th
at li
mited
XML
W
E
B serv
i
ce i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ta
tio
n
in
trod
u
c
es o
n
l
y
m
i
nim
a
l
overh
ead.
Using
XML
WEB serv
ices as th
e co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
layer fo
r em
b
e
d
d
e
d
system
s
facilitate
s
stan
d
a
rd
ization o
f
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
an
d
h
e
lp
s in
crease in
terop
e
rab
ility
b
e
tween d
i
fferen
t
typ
e
s of
comm
unicating system
s. Ac
cording t
o
Me
tcalfe’s law the
v
a
lue
o
f
t
h
e
syste
m
is larger th
an
t
h
e sum
o
f
its
com
pone
nt
s.
Lim
i
t
e
d scal
e SO
AP i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on i
n
t
r
od
uces i
n
l
y
i
n
si
gni
fi
ca
nt
o
v
e
rhea
d a
n
d si
m
p
li
fi
es
several
ubi
qui
t
ous c
o
m
put
i
n
g
scenari
o
s. M
e
m
o
ry
const
r
ai
n
t
s can o
f
t
e
n
be
deal
t
wi
t
h
by
u
s
i
ng
of
fl
i
n
e a
n
al
y
s
is
t
ool
s a
n
d fi
xi
n
g
c
ode
an
d
dat
a
as m
u
ch as
p
o
ssi
b
l
e
so as to pu
t in
to th
e ROM m
e
m
o
ry area.
M
ode
rn
en
gi
ne
eri
n
g ed
ucat
i
o
n re
q
u
i
r
es e
x
t
e
nsi
v
e
use
o
f
l
a
bo
rat
o
ri
es w
h
i
c
h are
q
u
i
t
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
d due t
o
requ
irem
en
t o
f
hu
g
e
cap
ital co
st [Y
in-Wei-Feng, et al, 2009]
[23].
Th
e l
a
b
o
ratories are qu
ite u
s
ed
for d
a
ta
col
l
ect
i
on,
anal
y
s
i
s
and
desi
g
n
of
dat
a
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
pl
at
fo
rm
experi
m
e
nt
i
ng.
T
h
e l
a
bo
ra
t
o
ri
es a
r
e
bei
n
g
use
d
in
trad
ition
a
l
man
n
e
r and
al
ways ex
ten
s
iv
e op
eration
a
l p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
is requ
ired
t
o
u
s
e
for t
h
e
p
u
rpo
s
es for wh
ich
the laborat
o
rie
s
are
provide
d
. Creation
of vi
rtual environment or rem
o
te acce
ss to the
laboratories is also
not
h
e
lp
ing
t
o
access th
e laborato
r
ies i
n
th
e trad
itio
n
a
l m
a
n
n
e
r.
W
ith th
e
av
ailab
ility o
f
b
r
o
a
d
co
nn
ectiv
ity,
peo
p
l
e
st
art
e
d t
o
t
h
i
n
k
t
o
use
web
ba
sed
e-l
e
arni
ng
so
t
h
at
t
h
e e
-
l
earn
e
rs
c
a
n l
ear
n at
t
h
ei
r
ow
n c
o
nve
ni
ence.
New type of L
a
boratories are
bei
ng
put in place that provides real
tim
e
r
e
m
o
te access re
m
o
te to all
t
h
e de
vi
ces a
nd
be a
b
l
e
t
o
con
d
u
ct
ex
peri
m
e
nt
s as pe
r t
h
e u
s
ers
desi
g
n
s
p
eci
fi
cat
i
o
n
.
Em
bedde
d s
y
st
em
s
related laborat
o
ries which a
r
e quite limited in re
s
o
urc
e
s are being provide
d
with rem
o
te acces
s for
con
d
u
ct
i
n
g
t
h
e
ex
peri
m
e
nt
s u
s
i
n
g
act
ual
har
d
wa
re a
n
d t
h
e
related
too
l
s.
WEB serv
ices
o
r
ien
t
ed
arch
itectu
r
es
are
b
e
ing
im
p
l
e
m
en
ted
to b
e
ab
le to
sh
are t
h
e lab
o
ratories
b
y
m
u
ltip
le u
s
ers.
The use of IP (Internet protoc
ol)
is
not
goi
ng to
be limited to accessi
ng
of the Internet and com
puter
n
e
two
r
k
s
[Elmar Zeeb
, et al, 20
10
]
[24
]
.
IP as
su
ch
is
go
ing
t
o
b
e
u
s
ed
for facilitati
n
g
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
i
n
bet
w
ee
n en
o
r
m
ous het
e
ro
g
e
neo
u
s a
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons,
de
vi
ces and sy
st
e
m
s. M
a
ny
n
e
w com
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
archi
t
ect
u
r
es, t
echn
o
l
o
gi
es,
p
r
ot
ocol
s, c
once
p
t
s
et
c., w
h
i
c
h
cat
er t
o
t
hous
and
s
of
devi
ce
s and com
m
un
i
cat
i
o
n
poi
nts are e
x
pected to
be
evol
ved. T
h
es
e new elem
ents
m
u
st provi
d
e exte
ns
ive
support for effecting
interopera
bility across
diffe
rent dom
a
ins.
The DPWS provides
the
support require
d
fo
r c
r
oss dom
a
in access.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
38
1 – 39
8
39
0
2.
METHODS
2
.
1
.
E
ffectiv
e Architectura
l Models
Arch
itectu
r
al
m
o
d
e
ls p
r
ov
ides th
e
b
a
sis for
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
an
d in
stallin
g t
h
e im
p
l
e
m
en
ta
tio
n
system
t
h
at
consi
d
ers
t
h
e pl
at
form
, t
echnol
ogi
es
,
pro
g
r
am
m
i
ng l
a
ngua
ges,
op
erat
i
ng sy
st
em
s, pr
o
g
ram
uni
t
s
and
in
terlacin
g
b
e
t
w
een
sev
e
ral su
b-system
s.Two
altern
ativ
e
a
r
chi
t
ect
u
r
es ha
ve bee
n
pr
op
o
s
ed [
2
5]
whi
c
h ar
e
effect
i
v
e
fo
r i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng WEB
ser
v
i
ces
ori
e
nt
ed,
dy
na
m
i
cal
ly
evol
va
bl
e sy
nt
ax
, se
m
a
nt
i
c
s, onl
i
n
e t
e
st
i
n
g
and c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on rel
a
t
e
d su
b-sy
st
em
s. W
E
B
servi
ces ha
v
e
been f
o
un
d t
o
be t
h
e way
t
h
e dy
nam
i
c evol
ut
i
o
n
of comm
unication sub-system can be ach
ieved and also implem
ent
the other s
u
b-systems and seeing to it that
t
h
e ent
i
r
e
em
bed
d
e
d
s
o
ft
wa
re
on
t
h
e
TA
R
G
ET
(Em
b
edde
d
sy
st
em
) i
s
m
a
de t
o
be l
i
g
ht
-
w
ei
g
h
t
and
dy
nam
i
cal
ly
evol
va
bl
e.
2
.
2
.
Dy
na
mic Ev
o
l
ut
io
n
th
ro
ug
h
W
e
b
S
e
rv
ices Architec
ture – Alternative -1
This arc
h
itecture is shown i
n
the Fi
gu
re 4.
Th
is is essen
tially a tw
o tier architecture.
Tier-1 is the
HOST
wh
ich is th
e clien
t
itself. At
the clien
t
,
UD
DI reg
i
stry is i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
,
th
us elimin
atin
g
t
h
e
req
u
i
r
em
ent
of
anot
he
r ser
v
e
r
. Thi
s
al
so
re
duce
s
t
h
e com
m
uni
cat
i
on de
l
a
y
s
qui
t
e
dra
s
t
i
cal
l
y
. The cl
i
e
nt
appl
i
cat
i
o
n use
s
t
h
e UD
DI f
o
r regi
st
eri
ng t
h
e W
E
B
se
rv
ices th
roug
h
publish
i
n
g
th
e
WEB serv
ices into
th
e
regi
st
ry
. T
h
e UD
DI i
s
an
appl
i
cat
i
o
n by
i
t
s
el
f t
h
at
im
pl
em
ent
s
t
h
e UD
DI p
r
ot
ocol
t
h
ro
u
gh
use o
f
SOAP/XML
messaging. T
h
e client application
uses
UDDI i
n
terface
both
for
publis
hing a
n
d e
n
quiring t
h
e
details of the
WEB services. WSDL scripts
are written
for all the W
E
B s
e
rvices a
nd the
sam
e
are publ
ishe
d
in
to
UDDI.
The cl
i
e
nt
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
on parse
s
t
h
e det
a
i
l
s
of
t
h
e
W
E
B
a
ppl
i
cat
i
on aft
e
r
o
b
t
ai
ni
ng t
h
e
W
S
DL sc
ri
pt
s
fr
om
UDDI
. The com
m
and string that the c
lient needs to
t
r
ansm
it is quer
i
ed fr
om
the data base or
obt
ained
through a
user
interface is
de
velope
d int
o
a
XML script
a
n
d
the sam
e
is encaps
u
lated int
o
SOAP m
e
ssage and
t
r
ansm
i
t
t
e
d t
o
t
h
e Em
bed
d
e
d sy
st
em
s. On
t
h
e
em
bedde
d
sy
st
em
s si
de,
di
ffe
re
nt
t
y
pes
o
f
e
vol
ut
i
on
com
pone
nt
s ar
e reco
gni
ze
d a
s
t
a
sks o
p
erat
i
ng
u
nde
r t
h
e i
n
fl
ue
nce o
f
a R
eal
t
i
m
e
operat
i
ng sy
st
em
. The t
a
sks
ar
e tr
eated as
W
E
B ser
v
ices. How
e
v
e
r
the serv
ice ex
ecu
tio
n is und
ertak
e
n
t
h
ro
ugh task
s th
at t
o
g
e
th
er
accom
p
lish a c
o
mmand initiated
from
the HOST
as a
HTTP
re
quest. From
the arc
h
itecture
dia
g
ram
it can
be
seen
t
h
at serv
i
ce ex
ecu
tion
throug
h task
s is
always ach
iev
e
d
thro
ugh
th
e syn
t
ax
ev
o
l
u
tion
task
.
This arc
h
itecture im
ple
m
ents all the dynam
i
c evol
u
t
i
o
n
m
odel
s
an
d al
so a
r
chi
v
es dy
nam
i
c evol
ut
i
o
n
o
f
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
system
. Th
e co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
is
un
d
e
r
t
ak
en
thro
ugh SOA
P
m
e
ssa
g
e
s i
n
to
wh
ich
the
com
m
a
nds t
h
a
t
are co
de
d as
XM
L m
e
ssages ha
ve bee
n
encode
d. E
v
e
n
the res
u
lts are also se
nt as
XML
m
e
ssages, t
h
us
req
u
i
r
i
ng t
h
e
parsi
n
g
t
o
obt
a
i
n t
h
e act
u
a
l
re
sul
t
s
t
o
be
pre
s
ent
e
d
usi
ng t
h
e GU
I i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d
by the client. The arc
h
itecture
is exce
llent as
long as the embedde
d
syste
m
has as m
u
ch resources as re
quire
d
.
Th
is is d
e
fin
itely a
lig
h
t
weigh
t
web
serv
ices syste
m
as th
e
E
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
syste
m
is
n
o
t
b
u
rd
en
ed
with
th
e n
eed
for
a WEB server
or Application server
wh
i
c
h
is
d
e
fi
n
itely a m
a
j
o
r adv
a
ntag
e.
Fi
gu
re
4.
Dy
na
m
i
c Evol
ut
i
o
n
of
em
bedde
d s
y
st
em
ori
e
nt
ed
-
We
b Se
rvi
c
e
s
A
r
chi
t
ect
u
r
e
–
Al
t
e
rnat
i
v
e
-
1
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