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ttp
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k
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tern
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y
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ta
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lo
g
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a
re
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h
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s,
n
e
v
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rth
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t
h
e
sy
n
t
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sis
o
f
tec
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h
a
s
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h
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ll
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d
a
n
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s
p
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h
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ll
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g
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i
n
term
s
o
f
sc
a
lab
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n
d
re
li
a
b
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h
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re
fo
re
,
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
d
isc
u
ss
e
s
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
a
rt
ifi
c
ial
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(
AI
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a
lo
n
g
wit
h
issu
e
s
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
rt
u
n
it
ies
c
o
n
fro
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ti
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g
a
ll
c
o
m
m
u
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it
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r
i
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o
rp
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ra
ti
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th
e
i
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t
e
g
ra
ti
o
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f
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e
se
tec
h
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o
l
o
g
ies
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n
term
s
o
f
re
li
a
b
il
it
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a
n
d
sc
a
lab
il
it
y
.
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h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
u
ts
fo
rwa
rd
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
re
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irec
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o
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s
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l
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ted
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li
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o
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g
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in
te
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ra
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a
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a
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ss
th
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c
u
rre
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t
re
se
a
rc
h
g
a
p
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
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g
I
o
T
R
eliab
ilit
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Scalab
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So
f
twar
e
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ef
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d
n
etwo
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k
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g
T
h
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s
a
n
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p
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c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
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d
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r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sh
ah
r
u
ln
iza
Mu
s
a
Ma
lay
s
ian
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Un
iv
er
s
iti Ku
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
1
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1
6
J
alan
Su
ltan
I
s
m
ail,
5
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Ku
ala
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u
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p
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r
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W
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Per
s
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Ku
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
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Ma
l
ay
s
ia
E
m
ail: sh
ah
r
u
ln
iza@u
n
ik
l.e
d
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
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co
n
s
cio
u
s
n
ess
is
p
lay
in
g
a
k
ey
r
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le
in
ch
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n
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in
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h
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p
ar
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d
ig
m
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ev
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y
s
in
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o
tewo
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th
y
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e
g
io
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
AI
wo
r
k
s
to
cr
ea
te
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ca
n
lear
n
t
o
m
im
i
c
h
u
m
an
b
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av
io
u
r
f
r
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p
r
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x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
with
o
u
t m
a
n
u
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
AI
,
wh
ic
h
was o
n
ce
s
aid
to
b
e
r
ig
id
an
d
a
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
ex
tr
em
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
tellectu
als,
h
as
n
o
w
b
ec
o
m
e
f
lex
ib
le
an
d
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
in
m
an
y
ar
ea
s
[
1
]
.
AI
h
as
a
lo
t
o
f
p
o
t
en
tials
,
an
d
wh
at
is
b
ein
g
u
ti
lized
at
p
r
esen
t
is
f
ar
less
th
an
wh
at
i
t
h
as.
AI
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
en
a
b
les
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
b
y
g
at
h
er
in
g
th
e
ch
r
o
n
icled
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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,
to
p
lay
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t
a
ca
r
ef
u
l
ex
am
in
atio
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o
f
t
h
em
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
ex
am
p
les,
a
n
d
m
an
u
al
to
m
ak
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
W
ith
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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g
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
7
0
8
R
o
le
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
i
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T a
n
d
S
DN
:
R
elia
b
ilit
y
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
R
iya
z
B
elg
a
u
m
)
4459
o
f
AI
lo
g
ic,
it h
elp
s
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
au
to
m
ate
th
e
m
eth
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d
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
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n
o
wled
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y
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v
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th
e
p
lau
s
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es wh
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m
an
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al
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p
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atio
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.
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
[
2
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
"sm
ar
t
f
ac
to
r
y
"
th
r
o
u
g
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p
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o
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s
s
au
to
m
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.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
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atio
n
tech
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o
lo
g
y
f
ield
i
s
co
m
m
an
d
ed
b
y
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f
ew
d
if
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n
t in
n
o
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atio
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tin
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,
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e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
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g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
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d
s
o
f
twar
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-
d
ef
in
ed
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN
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with
th
eir
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
q
u
alities
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an
in
ter
r
elate
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s
p
ac
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Ho
wev
er
,
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e
r
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
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s
tech
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o
lo
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ies
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u
p
p
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r
tin
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i
n
d
u
s
tr
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4
.
0
as
s
h
o
wn
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Fig
u
r
e
1
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
lev
els
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
AI
with
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
at
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
ca
taly
s
t
s
tag
e,
wh
er
e
m
u
ch
atten
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
lead
s
to
co
g
n
itiv
e
in
tellig
en
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
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d
d
ec
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io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
as
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
Ar
tific
ial
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telli
g
en
ce
is
s
p
ee
d
in
g
u
p
with
a
h
i
g
h
p
ac
e
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
en
ab
les
co
m
p
u
ter
s
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
es
to
wo
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k
s
m
ar
tly
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allo
w
th
e
s
m
ar
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
with
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
th
at
ca
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
wis
h
es
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
ar
e
n
o
w
o
n
th
e
b
r
in
k
o
f
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g
s
ati
s
f
ied
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th
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
[
3
]
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ices
s
h
o
u
ld
allo
w
th
em
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
with
an
i
n
ter
o
p
er
a
b
le
d
ata
f
o
r
m
at.
I
t
lea
d
s
to
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
b
etter
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t
is
ter
m
ed
as
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
b
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
jo
i
n
t
s
er
v
ices
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
an
d
is
an
in
d
icato
r
s
tatin
g
wh
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
f
ailu
r
e
is
.
Scalab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
e
d
as
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
atch
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
a
n
d
allo
ws
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
g
r
o
wth
.
W
h
ile
h
er
e
it
is
s
aid
to
b
e
t
h
e
lim
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
e
v
ices w
ith
in
a
s
c
en
ar
io
in
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ef
f
icien
tly
.
Scalab
ilit
y
is
th
e
d
esire
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
ty
o
f
a
s
er
v
ice
th
at
en
a
b
les
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
r
is
in
g
d
em
an
d
lo
a
d
s
with
o
u
t
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elate
d
q
u
ality
attr
ib
u
tes [
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
T
h
e
ter
m
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
s
ca
la
b
ilit
y
ar
e
s
o
m
etim
es
in
ter
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
th
e
d
ev
ices
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
an
d
s
tar
v
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
th
e
less
is
th
e
r
e
liab
ilit
y
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
if
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
is
less
,
th
en
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
l
ef
t
u
n
u
s
ed
.
So
,
to
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
AI
s
h
o
u
l
d
p
lay
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
b
y
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
u
s
ag
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
ad
v
an
ce
.
Var
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
ar
e
r
esear
ch
in
g
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
AI
with
clo
u
d
,
AI
with
I
o
T
an
d
AI
with
SDN.
B
u
t
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
with
AI
h
as
s
till
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ex
p
o
s
ed
,
wh
o
s
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
attr
ib
u
tes.
Acr
o
s
s
s
ev
er
al
d
iv
er
s
e
f
ield
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
5
]
,
AI
h
as
p
o
wer
ed
r
ec
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T
an
d
SDN
ar
e
n
o
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
ar
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
th
e
r
m
etr
ics
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
elia
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
in
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
I
o
T
a
n
d
SDN
s
ep
ar
ately
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
is
s
u
es
in
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
test
in
g
attr
ib
u
tes
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
co
m
m
o
n
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
I
o
T
an
d
SDN.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
allen
g
es
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
4
4
5
8
-
4
4
7
0
4460
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
I
t
also
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
e
r
tak
en
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
AI
with
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
r
ee
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
af
ter
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
;
Sectio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
r
elate
d
liter
atu
r
e.
Sectio
n
3
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
test
in
g
attr
ib
u
tes,
s
ec
tio
n
4
d
is
cu
s
s
es
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
i
n
ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
t
I
o
T
,
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
t
SDN.
T
h
en
s
ec
tio
n
5
p
u
ts
f
o
r
war
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
r
elate
d
to
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
6
d
is
cu
s
s
es th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
L
I
T
E
RA
T
UR
E
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
av
e
r
esear
ch
ed
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
an
d
we
p
r
esen
t
s
o
m
e
r
ele
v
an
t
r
esear
c
h
in
th
is
s
eg
m
e
n
t.
R
ed
d
y
[
6
]
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
wit
h
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
h
ar
d
war
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
e
attr
ib
u
tes
u
s
ed
to
ac
ce
s
s
s
u
ch
in
te
g
r
atio
n
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
e
en
m
en
tio
n
e
d
i
n
it.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
to
s
m
ar
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
d
o
n
e
in
m
an
y
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
atte
n
tio
n
.
As
in
AlE
n
ez
i
[
7
]
s
u
r
v
ey
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
m
in
d
s
ca
p
in
g
is
Ku
wait's
p
r
im
ar
y
ch
allen
g
e,
i
n
v
estme
n
t
is
I
n
d
ia'
s
b
ig
g
est
c
h
allen
g
e,
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
pr
iv
ac
y
is
th
e
m
ajo
r
p
r
o
b
lem
t
o
im
p
lem
en
t
a
s
m
ar
t
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t.
I
n
a
s
tab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
th
e
lo
w
p
o
wer
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
s
h
o
u
ld
u
s
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ef
f
icien
tly
o
n
ly
wh
e
n
n
ee
d
ed
.
So
,
Sh
ar
m
a
[
8
]
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
'
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
g
n
o
d
es
to
r
esp
o
n
d
to
c
h
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
s
tab
ilit
y
,
d
u
r
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
lo
w
laten
cy
at
th
e
ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
ca
lab
le
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
u
s
in
g
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
-
b
ased
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
clo
u
d
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
with
s
o
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN)
.
I
n
th
e
d
en
s
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ice
to
d
ev
ice
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
elay
s
o
n
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
ca
n
b
e
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Q
o
S
)
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
Gill
an
d
B
u
y
y
a
[
9
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
en
is
s
u
es
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
lik
e
f
ailu
r
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
wo
r
k
lo
ad
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Als
o
,
a
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
m
o
d
el
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
atch
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
with
its
r
eliab
le
s
er
v
ice
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
SDN
an
d
Ho
h
lf
eld
[
1
0
]
h
av
e
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
t
h
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
d
ata
p
lan
e
,
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
p
lan
e
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ch
allen
g
es
li
s
ted
ar
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
p
l
an
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
u
s
t m
an
a
g
em
en
t a
n
d
t
h
r
ea
t a
n
aly
s
is
.
Sh
ar
af
ed
d
in
e
an
d
Far
h
at
[
11
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ad
d
r
ess
r
eliab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
is
s
u
es
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ev
ices.
A
h
eu
r
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
u
s
ed
to
s
elec
t
th
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
esu
ltin
g
in
lo
wer
f
ailu
r
e
co
s
t.
I
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
elec
tr
ical
g
r
i
d
s
,
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
en
ab
led
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
n
o
t
f
r
ee
o
f
attac
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
an
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
2
]
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiates
b
etwe
en
a
f
au
lt
a
n
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
an
d
a
cy
b
e
r
-
attac
k
.
s
y
m
b
o
lic
d
y
n
am
ic
f
il
ter
s
(
SDF)
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
-
e
f
f
icien
t
ex
tr
ac
ti
o
n
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
id
en
tify
ca
u
s
al
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
u
b
-
sy
s
tem
s
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
y
n
am
ic
b
ay
esian
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
DB
N)
.
I
n
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
n
etw
o
r
k
s
wh
er
e
th
e
attac
k
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
th
e
claim
o
f
a
u
th
o
r
s
s
tatin
g
th
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
h
av
in
g
a
r
eliab
le
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ig
f
lo
w
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
a
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
o
v
e
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
ca
lab
le
n
etwo
r
k
t
r
af
f
ic
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
.
R
ao
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
h
a
v
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
a
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
en
h
an
ce
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
wee
n
clo
u
d
a
n
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
.
I
n
a
s
m
ar
t
wea
th
er
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
v
a
lu
es
lik
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h
u
m
id
ity
,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
r
ain
d
r
o
p
s
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CO
2
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io
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.
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v
alu
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co
llected
ar
e
s
to
r
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th
e
clo
u
d
b
y
a
v
o
id
in
g
s
to
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in
g
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lar
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d
atab
ases
.
An
d
to
en
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u
r
e
th
e
p
r
iv
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o
f
th
e
d
ata
s
to
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cr
y
p
tio
n
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u
s
ed
.
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h
e
s
to
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ata
is
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
d
e
v
ices
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
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h
is
d
ata
co
u
ld
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
a
n
aly
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ed
u
s
in
g
an
y
o
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t
h
e
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
tech
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i
q
u
e
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
th
e
wea
th
er
f
o
r
ec
ast.
Plan
tev
i
n
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
p
r
esen
ted
an
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
i
n
tellig
en
ce
i
n
th
e
tr
an
s
d
u
ce
r
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
co
llects
r
aw
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
u
s
es
s
m
ar
t
u
n
it
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
p
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in
t
o
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f
ailu
r
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i
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ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
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p
r
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p
o
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ch
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r
e
a
n
d
g
u
a
r
an
teed
s
ca
lab
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an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
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at
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lo
w
co
s
t.
T
h
e
attr
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u
te
s
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
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y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
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in
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
v
ar
ies th
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
attr
ib
u
tes ar
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o
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m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
.
3.
RE
L
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r
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d
e
v
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e
s t
o
i
n
t
e
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
.
T
h
e
co
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ce
r
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to
s
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lab
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is
h
ig
h
in
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ce
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alize
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en
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en
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d
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-
p
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g
o
f
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v
ices
[
1
7
]
.
I
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d
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th
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lo
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th
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n
etwo
r
k
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at
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el
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test
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ca
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in
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4.
R
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4
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Ro
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AI in clo
ud
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T
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a
ctiv
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s
alr
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p
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r
ess
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
am
alg
am
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f
AI
with
cl
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
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if
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tl
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way
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f
o
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tech
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(
IT
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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u
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ies
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tr
an
s
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o
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.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
er
v
ices
[
1
9
]
p
lay
a
n
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
clo
u
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b
ased
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o
lu
tio
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s
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m
ated
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elp
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d
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az
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Alex
a
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Ap
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ay
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in
teg
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itted
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ar
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v
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'
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ast
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y
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icien
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a
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d
m
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ip
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latin
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ast
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m
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ata.
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t
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les
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ata
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if
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g
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n
tellig
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i
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ased
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n
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ter
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ata
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n
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t
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tim
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m
o
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Salesfo
r
ce
la
u
n
ch
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d
an
AI
to
o
l
ca
lled
E
in
s
tein
[
20
]
wh
ich
tr
an
s
lates
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ata
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to
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.
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h
e
to
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in
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v
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cial
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etwo
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k
in
g
m
ea
n
s
.
T
ab
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2
.
S
ca
lab
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test
in
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at
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A
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e
d
i
n
t
h
e
mem
o
r
y
.
H
i
g
h
s
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
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m
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t
w
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sa
g
e
Th
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
i
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a
n
e
t
w
o
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k
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
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t
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
o
t
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e
r
.
Th
e
n
e
t
w
o
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k
u
s
a
g
e
i
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
t
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e
l
i
n
k
u
t
i
l
i
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t
i
o
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t
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h
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d
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v
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s
.
I
n
c
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e
a
se
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sc
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l
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i
n
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e
a
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e
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n
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t
w
o
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k
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sa
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e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
o
le
o
f
AI
in
a
d
d
r
es
s
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
B
esid
es
th
e
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
clo
u
d
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
th
e
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s
e
o
f
ar
t
if
icial
in
tellig
en
ce
as
an
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
-
as
-
a
-
s
er
v
ice
(
AI
aa
S)
[
21
]
is
also
av
ailab
le
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
Var
io
u
s
f
iel
d
s
o
f
AI
lik
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e
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r
al
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etwo
r
k
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m
ac
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ata
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tr
ai
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o
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s
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a
n
d
ex
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te
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m
o
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els
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
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ca
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n
d
s
tatis
tics
o
f
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k
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th
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I
n
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s
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ar
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wh
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ex
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Ma
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u
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p
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s
s
in
g
h
u
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e
v
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lu
m
es
o
f
d
ata
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
lo
s
s
o
v
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
-
8
7
0
8
R
o
le
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
i
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
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,
I
o
T a
n
d
S
DN
:
R
elia
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ilit
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(
Mo
h
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mma
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B
elg
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u
m
)
4463
tim
e.
T
h
e
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
f
au
lt
to
l
er
an
ce
[
2
2
]
m
ec
h
an
is
m
an
d
t
r
ac
k
s
an
d
h
a
n
d
les
ap
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licatio
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m
alf
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ctio
n
t
h
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o
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g
h
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
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elo
ca
tio
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o
f
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er
v
er
s
.
Su
p
er
v
is
ed
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es a
r
e
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s
ed
to
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ec
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g
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ize
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d
m
in
im
ize
lo
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s
tr
en
d
s
in
tan
d
em
with
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
t
o
c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
m
ak
e
it
a
cc
ess
ib
le
to
ev
er
y
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n
e
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
an
ch
o
r
in
g
th
e
clo
u
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
with
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
y
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
d
eliv
er
y
,
an
d
p
h
ased
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
ts
.
A
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
ca
lled
m
o
d
el
o
p
s
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
2
3
]
with
r
eliab
le
an
d
tr
u
s
ted
AI
f
o
r
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
l
if
ec
y
cle
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
to
r
e
d
u
ce
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
r
is
k
s
in
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
u
s
e
ca
s
es
was
lef
t
u
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
a
r
ch
itects
ar
e
th
r
iv
in
g
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
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liab
le
an
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s
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lab
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clo
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ar
t
f
ac
to
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tech
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o
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th
e
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o
g
ical
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ip
with
d
if
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n
t
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t
ec
h
n
o
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g
ies.
AI
is
p
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wer
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th
e
clo
u
d
to
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er
g
e
as a
s
elf
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m
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clo
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d
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th
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r
iv
ate,
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d
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
s
m
ay
r
ely
o
n
AI
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
tr
ac
k
,
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
ev
e
n
s
elf
-
h
ea
l
in
ca
s
e
o
f
is
s
u
e
ar
is
es.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
to
th
em
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
o
le
o
f
AI
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
M
a
j
o
r
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
R
o
l
e
o
f
A
I
i
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
I
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
s
y
st
e
ms
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
st
a
t
u
s.
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
s.
Ev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
u
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
a
u
l
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
f
u
z
z
y
s
y
st
e
ms
a
n
d
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
map
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
a
s
k
s
t
o
t
h
e
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
ma
c
h
i
n
e
s.
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
f
u
z
z
y
sy
s
t
e
ms
a
n
d
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
s.
C
l
o
u
d
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
p
r
i
c
i
n
g
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
f
u
z
z
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms
a
n
d
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
m
a
r
k
e
t
p
r
i
c
e
t
r
e
n
d
a
n
d
u
s
e
r
d
e
ma
n
d
.
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
ma
p
p
i
n
g
c
o
st
a
n
d
d
e
ma
n
d
f
o
r
a
p
r
i
c
e
.
Ev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
u
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
Lo
a
d
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
l
o
a
d
i
mb
a
l
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
f
o
r
ma
p
p
i
n
g
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
ma
c
h
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
ss
u
e
s
.
F
u
z
z
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
sp
e
c
i
f
y
i
n
g
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s,
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s,
a
n
d
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s.
Ev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
u
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
4
.
2
.
Ro
le
o
f
AI in t
he
inte
rnet
o
f
t
hin
g
s
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
o
b
ject
s
lin
k
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
et
c
ap
tu
r
es
an
d
s
h
ar
es
d
ata
with
o
u
t
h
u
m
a
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
with
o
n
e
an
o
th
e
r
is
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
[2
4
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
to
d
ef
i
n
e,
s
en
s
e,
lin
k
,
a
n
d
ca
lcu
late
p
er
s
o
n
al,
tech
n
ical,
an
d
s
o
cial
ar
tef
ac
ts
h
as
m
ad
e
life
b
etter
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt.
All
th
e
I
o
T
ap
p
lian
ce
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
l
o
t
o
f
d
ata
to
o
b
tain
a
n
d
u
s
e
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ar
tific
ia
l
in
tellig
en
ce
e
n
ter
s
th
e
p
ictu
r
e
h
e
r
e
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
v
ast
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
.
B
esid
es,
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
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an
s
f
o
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m
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ata
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l
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e
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ices
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ce
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t k
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le
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y
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at
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g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
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ce
with
th
o
s
e
ap
p
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
u
to
m
atio
n
i
n
ar
ea
s
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
in
d
u
s
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ial
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
I
o
T
)
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
in
ter
n
et
o
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th
in
g
s
(
C
I
o
T
)
,
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
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ar
tific
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tellig
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ce
i
n
to
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
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s
is
r
elev
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t.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
[
2
5
]
,
Z
.
Alan
s
ar
i
th
e
I
o
T
p
la
y
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
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th
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atie
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t
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o
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f
o
r
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tain
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le
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ev
elo
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m
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t
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th
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h
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lth
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h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
as
also
ex
ten
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ed
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to
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
s
m
ar
t
cities,
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es,
a
n
d
t
o
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
c
o
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tex
t
in
s
m
ar
t
b
u
ild
in
g
s
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h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
c
er
n
b
ei
n
g
au
to
m
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n
o
f
th
e
o
p
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atin
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o
f
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
d
ev
ices
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
[
2
6
]
,
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
h
av
e
tak
en
th
is
as
a
c
h
allen
g
e
to
g
ain
u
s
er
'
s
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
g
r
ee
d
f
o
r
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
am
o
n
g
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h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
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lead
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g
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ce
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s
an
d
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h
ar
e
th
e
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o
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m
atio
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etwe
en
th
e
I
o
T
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
co
n
s
u
m
es
m
o
r
e
elec
tr
icity
an
d
g
en
er
ate
h
ea
t.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
co
n
tr
o
l
e
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er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
at
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
,
th
ey
ar
e
s
till
tr
ad
itio
n
al.
A
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
b
ee
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
8
]
to
p
r
e
d
ict
th
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
e
n
er
g
y
co
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m
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tio
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ee
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f
o
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war
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ac
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r
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al
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k
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au
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ate
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r
o
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en
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u
r
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eliab
ilit
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h
e
g
o
al
o
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I
o
T
is
to
p
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o
v
i
d
e
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er
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ices u
n
d
er
th
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lim
itatio
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o
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w
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o
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lo
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r
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g
e
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o
R
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b
y
en
s
u
r
in
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r
eliab
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y
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
[
2
9
]
,
B
.
R
ey
n
d
er
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
L
o
R
a
wid
e
-
ar
ea
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etwo
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k
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(
L
o
R
aWAN)
an
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ed
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two
-
s
tep
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ch
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lin
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to
im
p
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v
e
th
e
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eliab
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d
s
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lab
ilit
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.
E
ac
h
ch
an
n
el’
s
tr
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s
m
is
s
io
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o
wer
an
d
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ated
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h
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el
m
u
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t
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u
s
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o
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tr
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s
m
is
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io
n
.
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o
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n
s
u
r
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s
ca
lab
ilit
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th
e
attr
ib
u
te
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s
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th
r
o
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g
h
p
u
t
alo
n
g
with
ad
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a
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An
d
t
o
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n
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
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th
e
attr
ib
u
tes
u
s
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p
ac
k
et
e
r
r
o
r
r
atio
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n
d
f
air
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ess
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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I
n
t J E
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&
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p
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Vo
l.
11
,
No
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5
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Octo
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2
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Un
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p
r
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tectio
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b
ig
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b
ec
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e
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elate
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d
in
ter
ac
t
with
ea
ch
o
th
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r
as
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e
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lab
le.
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h
er
e
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s
till
s
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r
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th
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ase.
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ig
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elate
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ata,
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e
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u
p
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y
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er
e
n
t
m
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ich
ar
e
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o
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s
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u
p
o
n
p
h
y
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ical,
cy
b
er
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
(
PC
S).
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
en
a
b
les
u
s
er
s
to
co
u
n
ter
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
attac
k
s
ty
les,
as
d
e
f
in
ed
in
[
30
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
es
in
I
o
T
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
em
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
an
d
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
I
o
T
T
ab
le
4
.
R
o
le
o
f
AI
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es in
I
o
T
M
a
j
o
r
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
I
o
T
R
o
l
e
o
f
A
I
i
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
En
e
r
g
y
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
s
y
st
e
ms
c
a
n
b
e
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se
d
f
o
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
.
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
c
l
a
ss
i
f
y
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
u
sa
g
e
.
M
a
c
h
i
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l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
c
a
n
b
e
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se
d
f
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r
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x
t
r
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h
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f
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m
p
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v
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s i
n
s
t
a
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s.
S
e
c
u
r
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y
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e
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r
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l
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e
t
w
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k
s,
f
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m
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t
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u
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f
r
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m
p
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s
i
n
st
a
n
c
e
s.
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e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
ma
p
p
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n
g
t
h
e
t
a
sk
s
.
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e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
s
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st
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ms
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p
r
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t
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f
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k
l
o
a
d
.
4
.
3
.
Ro
le
o
f
AI in
S
o
f
t
wa
re
-
def
ined net
wo
rk
ing
So
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
in
e
d
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
g
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
tak
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
to
th
e
n
ex
t
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
r
e
f
in
es
f
in
e
-
g
r
ain
e
d
f
lo
w
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
,
wh
ich
ca
n
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e
a
n
d
r
en
d
er
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
[
31
]
.
T
h
e
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
an
d
d
ata
p
lan
e
r
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lts
in
h
av
in
g
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
v
iew
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
SDN
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
a
r
ea
s
lik
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co
r
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ate
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,
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e
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r
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ad
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ased
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n
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s
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ad
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it
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o
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tio
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etwo
r
k
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n
g
to
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DN
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ch
itectu
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e.
An
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an
s
itio
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lted
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s
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e
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o
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tial
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witch
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ata
ex
p
lo
s
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n
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
al
f
lo
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T
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le
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p
ac
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f
th
e
SDN
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witch
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ig
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ed
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ce
s
th
e
v
iab
ilit
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o
f
la
r
g
e
s
ca
le
SDN
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
lo
g
ical
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
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lan
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m
t
h
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to
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
h
as
s
im
p
lifie
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
b
u
t h
as a
ls
o
r
aise
d
th
e
is
s
u
es o
n
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
as a
r
esu
lt
o
f
v
ir
t
u
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
e
is
o
latio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
an
d
d
ata
p
lan
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
witch
an
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
its
elf
allo
ws
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
en
d
o
r
s
t
o
b
e
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
le.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
izatio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
in
lin
e
with
th
e
th
r
ee
lay
er
s
o
f
SDN
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
co
m
p
licated
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
u
lti
-
later
al
SDN
d
o
m
ain
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
SDN
p
r
o
b
lem
s
lik
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
em
an
d
m
ak
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
s
m
ar
t.
T
h
e
r
e
is
litt
le
p
o
wer
o
n
th
e
ter
n
a
r
y
m
ater
ial
ad
d
r
ess
ab
le
(
T
C
AM
)
tr
an
s
itio
n
,
an
d
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
R
o
le
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
i
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T a
n
d
S
DN
:
R
elia
b
ilit
y
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
R
iya
z
B
elg
a
u
m
)
4465
co
n
tr
o
ller
ch
a
n
g
es
th
e
r
u
les
[
3
2
]
.
A
r
atio
n
al
d
e
v
ice
ca
n
ad
ap
t
to
p
o
ten
tial
in
p
u
ts
b
ased
u
p
o
n
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
th
e
g
ated
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
n
eu
r
o
n
etwo
r
k
(
GR
U
-
R
NN)
[
3
3
]
,
is
a
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
in
tr
u
s
io
n
,
en
a
b
lin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
g
r
ad
ien
t
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
an
d
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
tr
ac
k
ed
to
a
m
in
im
u
m
.
T
h
e
SDN
r
eliab
ilit
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
ata
p
lan
e
r
el
iab
ilit
y
,
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ath
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Var
io
u
s
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
is
s
u
es
o
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
th
em
in
[
3
4
]
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
with
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
clu
d
e
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
in
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
o
f
lo
g
ical
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
p
ath
alo
n
g
with
en
ab
li
n
g
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
clu
s
ter
,
q
u
ick
r
ec
o
v
er
y
o
f
f
ailu
r
es
an
d
o
r
c
h
estra
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
ess
ag
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
es
in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
em
ar
e
l
is
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
ab
le
5
.
R
o
le
o
f
AI
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es in
SDN
M
a
j
o
r
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
S
D
N
R
o
l
e
o
f
A
I
i
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
F
u
z
z
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
sp
e
c
i
f
y
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
s
.
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
F
u
z
z
y
sy
s
t
e
ms
a
n
d
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
a
n
o
ma
l
i
e
s.
Th
r
e
a
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
f
u
z
z
y
sy
s
t
e
ms
a
n
d
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
a
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
.
Tr
u
st
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
N
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
f
u
z
z
y
sy
s
t
e
ms
a
n
d
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
r
u
s
t
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
.
4
.
4
.
Ro
le
o
f
AI in t
he
f
us
io
n
T
h
e
em
er
g
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
clo
u
d
,
I
o
T
a
n
d
SDN
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
g
am
e
-
c
h
an
g
e
r
s
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
tech
n
ical
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
en
d
-
u
s
er
s
.
An
d
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
AI
an
d
its
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
with
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T
an
d
SDN
is
ab
o
u
t
to
b
r
in
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ch
an
g
e
to
th
e
wo
r
l
d
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
is
g
o
in
g
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
im
ag
in
atio
n
b
y
tak
in
g
it
to
th
e
n
ex
t
lev
el.
SDN
ap
p
ea
r
ed
a
s
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
p
latf
o
r
m
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
v
er
s
atility
o
f
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
v
ia
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
l
ik
e
th
e
em
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
5
G,
h
as
s
o
lv
ed
m
an
y
is
s
u
es
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
.
Data
co
llected
f
r
o
m
s
ev
e
r
al
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ar
e
g
ath
er
ed
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
f
o
r
m
ats
an
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
to
cr
ea
te
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
to
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
i
n
th
e
clo
u
d
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ed
v
ia
a
v
en
d
o
r
-
f
r
ee
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
d
ev
ic
e.
T
h
e
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
ca
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
d
ata
with
SDNs
an
d
clo
u
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
ev
en
if
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
i
s
co
n
g
ested
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
f
ailu
r
e
h
ap
p
en
s
[
3
5
]
.
A
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
im
p
r
o
v
es
ef
f
icien
cy
with
its
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
b
etter
in
teg
r
ated
with
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ev
e
n
i
f
its
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
s
ep
ar
ately
with
clo
u
d
,
I
o
T
,
SDN,
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
in
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
p
p
licati
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
in
tan
d
em
with
ea
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
ep
ar
ately
,
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
etter
b
en
e
f
it.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
u
s
e
ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
with
all
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
r
ee
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
wo
u
ld
en
ab
le
s
o
cieties
to
s
im
p
lify
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
i
n
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
to
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
s
o
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
in
e
d
clo
u
d
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(
A
I
SDC
o
T
)
al
lo
ws
th
e
u
s
er
s
to
in
tellig
en
tly
u
s
e
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
ev
ices,
an
d
to
s
ec
u
r
ely
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata,
b
y
im
p
l
em
en
tin
g
th
e
SDN
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
to
r
i
n
g
o
r
a
cc
ess
in
g
clo
u
d
-
s
p
ec
if
ied
d
ata.
T
h
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tr
ea
m
s
o
f
AI
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
v
ar
i
o
u
s
is
s
u
es
in
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
ed
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
m
an
y
asp
ec
ts
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
in
s
elec
tio
n
,
allo
ca
tio
n
an
d
m
ap
p
in
g
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ef
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
atch
in
g
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
th
e
clo
u
d
an
d
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
th
em
to
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
d
e
v
ices v
ia
a
n
etwo
r
k
to
attain
a
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Fu
z
zy
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
class
if
icati
o
n
an
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
clo
u
d
,
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
as
well
as
SD
N
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Af
ter
co
llec
tin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
p
th
e
task
s
to
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
ac
h
in
es
in
th
e
clo
u
d
a
n
d
if
l
o
ad
im
b
al
an
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
,
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
l
o
ad
im
b
alan
ce
with
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
d
ep
e
n
d
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
also
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
b
y
th
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
la
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
d
ev
ices
an
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
clo
u
d
is
d
o
n
e
with
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
SDN
en
ab
les
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
d
ev
ices
k
ee
p
in
g
th
em
v
en
d
o
r
-
f
r
ee
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
its
elf
with
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
at
tain
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
m
et
r
ics lik
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
,
d
elay
,
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
an
d
jitt
er
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
is
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
is
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
AI
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
f
u
tu
r
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
c
es.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
eliab
le
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
en
d
-
u
s
er
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
ca
lab
le
d
ev
ices
.
T
h
is
F
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
in
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
c
e
s
o
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
in
e
d
clo
u
d
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
AI
SDC
o
T
)
[
3
6
]
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
la
b
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
en
d
-
u
s
er
’
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
5.
F
UT
UR
E
DIR
E
C
T
I
O
NS A
ND
O
P
E
N
I
S
SUE
S
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
e
v
er
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
h
ig
h
ly
r
elia
b
le
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
le
s
er
v
ices
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
to
th
e
en
d
-
u
s
er
,
b
u
t o
cc
asio
n
al
f
a
u
lts
o
cc
u
r
in
an
y
d
y
n
am
ic
s
h
ar
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
es th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
wh
ile
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
c
alab
il
ity
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
a.
Secu
r
ity
:
T
h
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ev
ices
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
m
ay
le
ad
to
an
u
n
r
eliab
le
s
tate
if
n
ew
d
ev
ices
ar
e
ad
d
ed
a
n
d
r
em
o
v
ed
with
o
u
t
a
u
th
en
ticity
.
An
d
if
th
e
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ices
ar
e
m
o
d
u
lar
,
t
h
ey
ar
e
v
er
y
v
u
ln
er
a
b
le
to
th
r
ea
ts
wh
en
th
ese
d
etails
ar
e
m
o
d
if
ied
c
o
m
p
lex
an
d
o
f
ten
.
So
,
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
an
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
a
u
th
en
ticity
alo
n
g
with
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es o
f
attac
k
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
i
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
.
b.
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
: T
h
e
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
v
ia
SDN
tak
es p
lace
am
o
n
g
th
e
d
ev
ices,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
e
n
d
-
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
m
et
wi
th
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
b
etter
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e,
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
R
o
le
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
i
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T a
n
d
S
DN
:
R
elia
b
ilit
y
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
R
iya
z
B
elg
a
u
m
)
4467
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
h
av
e
ef
f
icien
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
u
s
in
g
s
u
i
t
ab
le
ar
tifi
cial
in
tellig
en
ce
-
ca
p
ab
le
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
d
esig
n
in
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
c.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t:
T
h
e
d
ev
ices
co
m
m
u
n
icate
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
b
u
t
ar
e
r
estricte
d
to
a
s
m
all
n
etwo
r
k
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ju
r
is
d
ictio
n
.
L
a
r
g
e
s
ca
le
d
ev
ices
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
n
co
v
er
lar
g
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
ar
ea
s
,
an
d
s
u
c
h
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
e
v
er
y
f
le
x
ib
le
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t r
eliab
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
a
v
ast n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ev
ices.
d.
Flo
w
T
ab
le
u
p
d
ate:
SDN
f
lo
w
T
ab
les
h
av
e
a
m
in
im
u
m
m
em
o
r
y
an
d
ca
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
a
co
u
p
le
o
f
f
lo
w
in
p
u
ts
.
Fre
q
u
e
n
t
ch
an
g
in
g
o
f
f
lo
w
T
ab
le
en
tr
ies
r
esu
lts
in
ex
tr
a
o
v
er
h
ea
d
a
n
d
b
ec
o
m
es
u
n
r
eliab
le.
So
,
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
e
is
a
n
e
ed
f
o
r
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
wh
e
r
e
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
p
r
e
d
ict
th
e
f
lo
w
T
ab
le
en
tr
ies an
d
r
em
o
v
a
l so
th
at
it m
ak
es th
e
d
ev
ices
m
o
r
e
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
r
eliab
le.
e.
I
n
ter
o
p
e
r
ab
ilit
y
:
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
in
t
er
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
d
ev
ices.
A
n
d
b
ec
au
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
t
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
it
lack
s
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
to
lead
.
So
,
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
in
te
llig
en
t
an
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
at
all
s
tag
es o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
f.
Sin
g
le
p
o
in
t
f
ailu
r
e:
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
m
u
lti
-
later
al
n
etwo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
SDN
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
,
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
s
ev
er
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
n
etwo
r
k
ef
f
icien
cy
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
W
h
ile
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
allo
ws
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
o
f
a
n
etwo
r
k
in
c
r
ed
ib
ly
ea
s
y
f
o
r
a
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
ato
r
,
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
m
p
lex
r
e
aso
n
in
g
an
d
b
ec
o
m
es
o
n
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ar
tifi
cial
in
tellig
en
ce
-
en
ab
le
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
f
ailu
r
e
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
to
b
e
tak
en
to
av
o
id
s
u
ch
f
ailu
r
es,
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
g.
Pro
g
r
am
m
in
g
:
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
d
esig
n
f
ailu
r
es
m
ay
co
s
t
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
er
in
c
r
ed
ib
ly
m
u
ch
.
Ultim
ately
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
is
d
if
f
icu
lty
is
a
n
etwo
r
k
f
ailu
r
e,
s
in
ce
th
ey
in
itiate
th
e
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
f
u
n
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
p
ar
ts
o
f
co
d
e;
s
u
ch
n
etwo
r
k
e
r
r
o
r
s
a
r
e
im
m
in
e
n
t.
So
,
an
ef
f
icien
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
h
o
u
ld
id
en
tify
s
u
ch
f
ailu
r
es
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
ed
ict
b
ef
o
r
e
its
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
wh
ich
is
an
o
th
er
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
h.
L
o
ad
b
alan
cin
g
:
W
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
r
e
q
u
ests
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
SDN
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
u
s
ed
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
e
v
ice
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
l
ay
er
is
th
e
o
p
en
f
lo
w
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
T
h
e
en
tr
ies
in
th
e
f
lo
w
t
ab
les
g
u
id
e
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
ex
e
cu
tio
n
.
So
,
to
d
y
n
am
ic
ally
allo
ca
te
th
e
lo
ad
,
a
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t
a
r
tific
ial
in
t
ellig
en
ce
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
n
ee
d
e
d
.
I
f
a
cu
s
to
m
ized
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
b
u
ilt,
th
e
Q
o
S
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
i.
R
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t:
E
f
f
ici
en
t
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
er
v
ice
e
f
f
icien
cy
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
a
g
e
s
tatis
tic
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
is
ess
en
tial
to
k
ee
p
tr
ac
k
o
f
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
As
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
an
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ass
ess
in
g
m
etr
ics.
j.
E
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
:
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
is
to
attain
g
r
ee
n
co
m
p
u
tin
g
a
n
d
to
en
ab
le
s
o
,
h
ea
t
p
o
llu
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
d
ev
ices
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
eg
u
l
ated
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
h
el
p
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
wo
u
ld
m
itig
ate
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
th
ese
d
ev
ic
es
o
n
ly
wh
e
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Fo
r
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
is
an
o
p
e
n
is
s
u
e
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l t
h
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l h
ea
t g
en
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
es
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T
an
d
SDN
an
d
r
aises
a
f
ew
is
s
u
es
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
with
clo
u
d
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
SDN,
as
th
ese
ar
e
to
d
ay
'
s
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
ar
e
u
s
ed
wid
el
y
,
wh
ic
h
m
ak
es
th
em
w
o
r
k
with
li
ttle
o
r
n
o
h
u
m
a
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
if
th
ese
th
e
o
r
ies ar
e
p
air
ed
with
th
o
s
e
p
atter
n
s
t
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
tellig
en
tly
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
test
in
g
attr
ib
u
tes
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
av
e
b
e
en
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
I
o
T
an
d
SDN
r
elate
d
to
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
s
ep
ar
ately
an
d
in
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
esen
ted
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
o
p
en
is
s
u
es
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
wh
ile
m
er
g
in
g
th
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
d
ata
is
s
u
es,
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
is
s
u
es,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
e
en
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
th
is
f
u
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
will
al
s
o
b
e
an
s
wer
ed
b
y
r
eso
lv
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
is
s
u
es
o
f
all
th
ese
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
wh
o
ch
o
o
s
e
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
m
o
r
e
wo
r
k
o
n
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
.
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