I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
E
ng
ineering
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
,
p
p
.
515
~
523
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
,
DOI
: 1
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.
1
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.
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.
pp
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h
is
m
e
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tal
sta
te,
h
is COVID
-
1
9
h
ist
o
ry
,
a
s we
ll
a
s h
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ial
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a
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u
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ti
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n
d
situ
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ti
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s.
K
ey
w
o
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s
:
Ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
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in
g
On
to
lo
g
y
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
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R
u
les
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
Sem
an
tic
web
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Am
in
a
Ou
atiq
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
Sy
s
tem
s
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d
Ar
tific
ial
I
n
tellig
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Sig
n
als L
ab
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r
ato
r
y
,
E
NSET
Mo
h
am
m
ed
ia,
Hass
an
I
I
Un
iv
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s
ity
o
f
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asab
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ca
1
5
9
Hass
an
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Av
e
n
u
e,
M
o
h
a
m
m
ed
ia,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail: a
m
in
a.
o
u
atiq
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
At
th
e
p
r
esen
t
tim
e,
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
I
t
is
m
ak
in
g
a
cr
u
cial
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
av
el,
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
an
d
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
co
n
tam
in
atio
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i
n
tim
es
o
f
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic.
Ma
n
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co
u
n
tr
ies
h
av
e
ch
o
s
en
d
is
tan
ce
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
lea
r
n
in
g
to
lim
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th
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s
p
r
ea
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o
f
t
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ir
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s
,
d
u
e
to
th
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p
o
p
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la
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ity
o
f
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lear
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v
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s
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tag
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d
if
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u
s
io
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o
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ten
t,
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s
o
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alize
d
teac
h
in
g
,
av
ailab
ilit
y
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
[
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
to
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
b
e
s
u
p
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t
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s
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lear
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class
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m
s
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n
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t
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eliv
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etwo
r
k
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T
V,
v
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c
o
n
f
er
en
cin
g
,
em
ail,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
[
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
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r
o
v
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e
th
e
s
am
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
f
o
r
all
lear
n
er
s
,
a
one
-
s
ize
f
its
all
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
with
o
u
t
t
ak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
lear
n
er
s
.
Su
ch
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
ab
ilit
ies,
p
er
s
o
n
alities
,
p
r
ef
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en
ce
s
,
le
v
el
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
wh
ich
r
em
ain
s
an
ess
en
tial
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
elem
en
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tea
ch
in
g
[
4
]
.
W
ith
o
u
t
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
to
m
en
tio
n
th
at
in
tim
es
o
f
p
an
d
em
ic
,
o
t
h
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
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er
ati
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n
,
s
u
ch
as
is
o
latio
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an
d
its
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
m
en
tal
well
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f
th
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lear
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p
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f
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d
t
h
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k
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f
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in
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ted
h
im
or
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m
em
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f
am
ily
,
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p
o
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s
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ilit
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f
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ter
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etwo
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r
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p
a
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a
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[
5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
๏ฒ
I
SS
N
:
2
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8
8
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0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
5
1
5
-
523
516
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
o
r
a
d
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
o
r
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
r
s
y
s
tem
s
a
r
e
th
e
k
ey
so
lu
tio
n
s
to
d
eliv
er
a
lear
n
e
r
-
ce
n
ter
ed
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
th
e
b
est
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
jects
b
ased
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
t
h
e
ir
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
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b
u
t
also
o
n
t
h
e
ir
n
ee
d
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
f
ix
ed
lear
n
in
g
p
ath
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
all
lear
n
er
s
[
6
]
.
Hen
ce
,
to
f
ig
h
t
t
h
e
o
n
e
-
s
ize
f
its
all
ap
p
r
o
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h
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n
u
m
e
r
o
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s
r
esea
r
ch
es
to
o
k
p
lace
to
o
f
f
er
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lik
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
y
p
r
esen
t
a
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
e
-
lear
n
in
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s
y
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tem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
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ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
r
ein
f
o
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ce
m
e
n
t le
ar
n
in
g
th
at
tak
es in
to
co
n
s
id
er
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th
e
lear
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in
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s
ty
le,
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lev
el,
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
ab
il
ities
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
p
ath
o
f
[
8
]
t
h
at
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
lea
r
n
in
g
s
ty
les
u
s
in
g
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
an
d
a
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
t
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
m
u
lt
i
-
ag
en
t
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
o
f
Yar
an
d
i
et
a
l.
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
a
d
ap
tiv
e
e
-
lear
n
i
n
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s
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s
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s
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as
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o
n
o
n
t
o
lo
g
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
o
d
elin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
s
ep
ar
at
e
o
n
to
lo
g
ies;
d
o
m
ain
m
o
d
el
,
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el,
an
d
lear
n
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o
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el,
to
s
to
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
ca
lcu
late
h
is
ab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
item
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
eo
r
y
.
Plen
ty
o
f
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
wo
r
k
ed
o
n
o
n
to
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
a
d
ap
tiv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
s
em
an
tic
r
u
les,
lik
e
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
1
1
]
wh
ich
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
im
p
lem
e
n
ts
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
u
s
in
g
f
o
u
r
o
n
to
lo
g
ies n
am
ely
:
lea
r
n
er
,
le
ar
n
in
g
o
b
jects,
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
it
ies,
an
d
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
s
em
an
tic
web
r
u
le
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
SW
R
L
)
to
f
o
r
m
aliz
e
th
e
lo
g
ic
lay
er
f
o
r
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
in
th
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
o
n
to
l
o
g
ies
r
eg
r
o
u
p
all
th
e
lear
n
in
g
asp
ec
ts
.
J
etin
a
i
[
1
2
]
p
r
esen
ts
a
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
r
u
les
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
em
an
tic
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
c
o
llects
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
u
s
er
s
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
le
m
o
d
el,
an
d
th
e
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
l
ea
r
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
(
LR
)
f
r
o
m
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
(
L
MSs)
.
Naf
ea
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
u
t
ilize
o
n
to
lo
g
y
with
an
in
f
e
r
en
ce
en
g
in
e
(
r
u
le
-
b
ased
)
t
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
an
d
b
u
ild
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
m
atch
th
em
with
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
le
th
at
s
u
its
th
eir
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
ality
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
lack
in
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
-
l
ea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
itu
atio
n
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
Few
s
y
s
tem
s
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
m
o
r
e
th
an
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
le,
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
le
v
el
in
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
atโ
s
wh
y
o
u
r
f
o
cu
s
will
b
e
o
n
a
d
is
tin
ct
lear
n
er
โ
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
h
is
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
will
b
e
r
elate
d
to
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
wil
l
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
e
lear
n
e
r
s
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
s
u
itab
le
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
to
co
m
p
lete
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
av
o
r
ab
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
tim
e
o
f
cr
is
is
; a
p
an
d
e
m
ic
as it is th
e
ca
s
e
with
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
o
r
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
,
o
r
ev
en
with
a
f
am
ily
cr
is
is
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle,
we
will
p
r
esen
t th
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
ali
z
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
ts
an
d
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
ab
le
to
m
a
p
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
to
lear
n
er
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
lev
els,
m
e
n
tal,
p
h
y
s
ical,
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
,
co
n
f
in
em
e
n
t,
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
i
f
<c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
>
th
en
<c
o
n
clu
s
i
o
n
>
r
u
les.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
if
t
h
e
lear
n
er
s
u
f
f
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
a
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
,
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
o
b
j
ec
ts
will
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ies,
g
en
er
alities
w
ith
d
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
less
t
h
an
3
0
m
in
u
tes,
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
iv
e
h
im
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
tak
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
t
b
r
ea
k
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
th
e
m
e
n
tal
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ta
te
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
s
to
th
e
teac
h
er
s
.
I
t
will
also
allo
w
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
to
f
o
llo
w
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
estab
lis
h
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
with
th
em
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
will
b
e
o
n
to
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
e
m
an
tic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
to
th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el,
wh
ic
h
allo
ws
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
u
s
er
-
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
els.
On
to
lo
g
ies
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
ea
n
s
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
u
e
to
th
eir
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
e
x
ten
s
ib
ilit
y
in
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
[
1
4
]
.
An
d
o
n
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
if
-
th
e
n
co
n
d
itio
n
al
r
u
les
[
1
5
]
,
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
s
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
h
is
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
o
n
to
lo
g
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
p
r
esen
te
d
as
well
as
t
h
e
m
a
p
p
in
g
r
u
les.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
t
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
s
ec
tio
n
g
iv
es
a
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
p
r
o
c
ess
es.
W
e
co
n
clu
d
e
in
th
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
b
y
citin
g
s
o
m
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
g
o
o
d
p
r
ac
tices to
f
o
llo
w.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
aim
s
to
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
a
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
,
ef
f
e
ctiv
e,
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
m
o
d
els
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
th
e
lear
n
er
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
m
o
d
el.
On
to
lo
g
y
is
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
to
s
em
an
tically
p
r
esen
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
o
m
ai
n
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
en
ab
les
p
eo
p
le
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
to
s
h
ar
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e;
en
ab
le
p
e
o
p
le
t
o
r
eu
s
e
d
o
m
ai
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
to
m
ak
e
d
o
m
ain
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ex
p
licit;
ass
is
t
p
eo
p
le
to
an
aly
ze
d
o
m
ain
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
ep
ar
ate
d
o
m
ai
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
er
e
two
o
n
t
o
lo
g
ical
m
o
d
els
ar
e
u
s
ed
;
lear
n
er
an
d
co
n
te
n
t
m
o
d
els.
T
h
o
s
e
m
o
d
els
g
ath
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
lear
n
e
r
s
an
d
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
d
eliv
e
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
er
s
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
,
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
an
d
p
an
d
em
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
elo
w
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
๏ฒ
A
d
esig
n
o
f a
mu
lti
-
a
g
en
t rec
o
mme
n
d
a
tio
n
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
โฆ
(
A
min
a
Ou
a
tiq
)
517
2
.
1
.
L
ea
rner
mo
del
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
aim
s
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
to
le
ar
n
er
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
eir
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lev
els,
m
en
tal,
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
,
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
,
co
n
f
i
n
em
en
t.
T
h
e
lear
n
er
m
o
d
el
m
u
s
t
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
ex
p
licitly
b
y
th
e
lear
n
er
h
im
s
elf
(
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
q
u
esti
o
n
s
)
o
r
im
p
licitly
b
y
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
r
etr
iev
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
b
y
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
,
o
r
b
y
in
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
u
s
er
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
o
n
to
l
o
g
ical
lear
n
e
r
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
is
b
ased
o
n
o
u
r
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
wo
r
k
[
2
0
]
with
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
o
th
er
lea
r
n
er
โ
s
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
we
u
s
ed
is
co
m
p
lian
t w
ith
th
e
lear
n
er
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ac
k
ag
e
(
I
MS
L
I
P)
a
n
d
it
in
cl
u
d
e
s
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
โ
C
o
n
tex
t:
it
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
lik
ely
to
af
f
ec
t
th
e
lea
r
n
er
'
s
s
itu
atio
n
(
th
e
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
te
r
n
e
t c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
)
.
โ
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
_
h
is
to
r
y
:
it
d
eter
m
i
n
es
wh
eth
er
th
e
lear
n
e
r
o
r
a
f
a
m
ily
m
em
b
er
is
o
r
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
f
ec
ted
with
th
e
v
ir
u
s
,
liv
es
in
a
cl
u
s
ter
s
ite
(
p
l
ac
e
wh
er
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ca
s
e
s
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
ex
p
ec
te
d
)
o
r
i
s
in
co
m
p
lete
o
r
p
ar
tial lo
ck
d
o
w
n
)
.
โ
I
n
f
o
:
t
h
is
class
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
attr
ib
u
tes
o
f
I
MS
-
L
I
P
s
u
ch
as
ac
tiv
ity
,
tr
an
s
cr
i
p
tio
n
,
i
n
ter
est,
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
af
f
iliatio
n
.
โ
Me
n
tal_
d
is
o
r
d
er
:
it
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
th
r
ee
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
th
at
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
an
d
is
o
latio
n
,
n
am
el
y
an
x
iety
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
tr
au
m
atic
s
tr
ess
d
is
o
r
d
er
(
PT
SD)
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
in
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
a
p
an
d
em
ic
an
d
th
eir
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
s
ev
er
ity
(
m
ild
,
m
o
d
er
ate,
s
ev
er
e
)
.
โ
Pre
f
er
en
ce
: su
ch
as p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
l
an
g
u
ag
e
an
d
m
ed
ia
ty
p
e
(
tex
t,
au
d
io
,
v
id
eo
)
.
2
.
2
.
C
o
nte
nt
m
o
del
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el
g
i
v
es
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
es
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
lear
n
er
s
,
it
p
o
r
tr
ay
s
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
jects
in
a
s
em
an
tic
p
r
esen
tatio
n
;
th
eir
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
s
to
m
ak
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
an
d
r
eu
s
e
ea
s
ier
an
d
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
le
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
g
iv
e
n
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
s
em
an
tically
p
r
e
s
en
t
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
a
d
o
m
ain
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
j
ec
t
is
th
e
u
n
it
o
f
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
n
t,
p
r
ed
is
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
r
eu
s
ed
in
m
u
ltip
le
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
2
]
with
o
u
t
n
eg
lectin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
etad
ata
r
e
g
is
ter
f
o
r
ea
ch
lea
r
n
in
g
o
b
je
ct,
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
eir
co
n
tex
ts
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
u
s
e
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jects
h
av
e
s
ev
er
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
u
ch
as
in
d
e
x
in
g
,
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
,
ad
ap
tatio
n
,
a
cc
ess
ib
ilit
y
,
g
r
an
u
lar
ity
,
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
m
etad
ata,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
I
E
E
E
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
m
etad
ata
(
L
OM
)
d
esig
n
e
d
in
2
0
0
2
.
I
t
is
u
s
ed
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
ally
to
d
escr
ib
e
an
d
in
d
e
x
c
o
n
ten
t
in
lear
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
ten
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
I
M
S
lear
n
in
g
d
esig
n
(
I
MS
L
D)
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
2
0
0
3
.
I
t
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
a
m
eth
o
d
allo
win
g
a
lear
n
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
ce
r
tain
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
b
y
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
ce
r
tain
o
r
d
er
e
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
a
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
.
Sh
ar
ab
le
co
n
te
n
t
o
b
ject
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
m
o
d
el
(
SC
OR
M
)
is
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
s
h
a
r
in
g
an
d
r
eu
s
in
g
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects.
I
n
f
a
ct,
m
etad
ata
is
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
e
m
etad
ata
p
r
esen
ts
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jects,
b
u
t
it
lac
k
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
r
e
aso
n
in
g
a
n
d
r
eu
s
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
to
d
escr
ib
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
[
2
6
]
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
am
e
ad
v
an
tag
es (
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
,
s
h
ar
in
g
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
-
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
b
ilit
y
)
,
a
n
d
also
it
e
n
s
u
r
es
a
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ex
p
licit r
ep
r
esen
t
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
T
h
e
o
n
to
l
o
g
ical
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el
i
t
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
lev
els o
f
h
ie
r
ar
ch
y
n
am
e
ly
co
u
r
s
e,
c
h
ap
ter
,
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject.
T
h
ey
ar
e
d
etailed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
โ
C
o
u
r
s
e:
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
to
p
h
ie
r
ar
ch
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el,
it
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
ch
ap
ter
s
,
tak
es
p
ar
t
o
f
a
d
o
m
ain
,
an
d
h
as
a
g
o
al.
An
d
we
also
in
clu
d
ed
a
r
elatio
n
with
th
e
lear
n
er
class
as
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
is
โtak
en
_
b
y
โ
a
lear
n
er
.
T
h
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
s
o
m
e
m
etad
ata
s
u
c
h
as
n
am
e
an
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
attac
h
ed
to
th
is
class
th
r
o
u
g
h
ass
o
ciate
d
d
ata
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
โ
C
h
ap
ter
:
it
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
le
ar
n
in
g
o
b
jects,
an
d
it
lik
ewise
h
as
an
o
b
jectiv
e,
a
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
,
an
d
is
lin
k
ed
to
o
th
er
ch
a
p
ter
s
as a
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
f
o
r
o
r
a
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
t
o
.
An
d
m
eta
d
ata
lik
e
(
n
a
m
e,
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
)
.
โ
L
ea
r
n
in
g
_
o
b
ject:
is
th
e
last
in
th
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
an
d
th
e
s
m
allest
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
I
t
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
as
th
e
f
o
r
m
at
(
au
d
i
o
,
v
id
eo
,
im
ag
e,
s
lid
es),
th
e
ty
p
e
(
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
ex
a
m
p
le,
d
ef
in
itio
n
,
t
h
eo
r
y
)
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
(
e
asy
,
m
ed
iu
m
,
d
if
f
ic
u
lt)
as
w
ell
as
a
n
am
e,
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
d
u
r
atio
n
(
wh
ich
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
u
r
atio
n
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
o
f
th
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
ject)
a
n
d
o
th
er
m
etad
ata
ad
d
ed
as d
ata
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
a
d
e
v
ice
(
co
m
p
u
ter
,
m
o
b
ile)
,
a
m
en
tal
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
wh
ich
it
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
o
r
m
ay
tak
e
it
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
with
th
e
"b
est
f
o
r
"
r
elatio
n
.
An
d
it
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
ty
p
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
(
p
r
ac
tice,
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
lectu
r
e
n
o
tes,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
g
u
id
ed
wo
r
k
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
๏ฒ
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
5
1
5
-
523
518
T
h
e
o
n
t
o
lo
g
ies
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
(
lear
n
er
,
co
n
ten
t
)
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
with
p
r
o
tรฉg
รฉ
an
d
v
is
u
alize
d
with
o
n
to
g
r
af
,
v
alid
ated
b
y
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
r
ea
s
o
n
er
Her
m
it1
.
3
.
8
an
d
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
[
2
7
]
,
b
y
d
e
f
in
in
g
th
e
class
es,
r
elatio
n
s
,
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
th
en
i
n
s
tan
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
ea
r
n
er
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
ten
t
m
o
d
el
2
.
3
.
Rea
s
o
nin
g
rules
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
tem
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
cr
ea
te
a
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
ject
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
tim
es
o
f
cr
is
is
,
esp
ec
ially
in
tim
es
o
f
a
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
with
its
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
am
o
n
g
lear
n
er
s
[
2
8
]
an
d
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
s
o
cial
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
th
at
ar
e
lik
ely
to
af
f
ec
t
ac
ce
s
s
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
aim
s
al
s
o
to
co
n
n
ec
t
lear
n
e
r
s
with
t
h
eir
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
d
esp
ite
lo
s
in
g
co
n
ta
ct
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
m
ap
p
in
g
lear
n
er
s
with
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
,
co
n
te
x
t,
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
,
u
s
es
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
d
u
e
to
th
eir
n
atu
r
aln
ess
an
d
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
p
r
ac
tical
h
u
m
an
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
co
n
d
itio
n
al
if
-
th
e
n
r
u
les
[
1
5
]
.
R
u
les
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
ar
e
a
c
r
u
cial
p
ar
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
to
m
ap
lear
n
er
s
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects.
R
u
les
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
R
u
les
-
b
ased
in
f
er
en
ce
allo
ws
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
ject
to
th
e
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
er
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
r
u
les
m
ain
tain
f
iv
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
cr
iter
ia:
i)
t
h
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
,
ii)
th
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
co
v
id
h
is
to
r
y
,
iii)
th
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
iv
)
t
h
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
(
co
n
tex
t)
,
a
n
d
v
)
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
cr
iter
ia
we
to
o
k
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
wh
e
n
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
r
u
les
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
r
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
๏ฒ
A
d
esig
n
o
f a
mu
lti
-
a
g
en
t rec
o
mme
n
d
a
tio
n
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
โฆ
(
A
min
a
Ou
a
tiq
)
519
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
ely
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
s
tr
ess
r
is
k
af
f
ec
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
co
n
ce
p
ts
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
,
af
ter
ch
o
o
s
in
g
t
o
o
f
f
er
o
n
ly
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
o
f
a
b
r
ief
d
u
r
atio
n
(
3
0
m
in
u
tes
f
o
r
lear
n
e
r
s
with
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
)
.
R
o
s
en
f
eld
[
3
0
]
a
r
g
u
es
th
at
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
in
s
m
all,
m
an
ag
ea
b
le
s
tep
s
p
r
ev
en
t th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
in
g
ef
f
ec
t o
f
an
x
iety
o
n
ac
a
d
em
i
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
ea
r
n
er
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Le
a
r
n
e
r
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
O
b
j
e
c
t
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
Le
a
r
n
e
r
H
e
a
l
t
h
(
M
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
)
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
F
o
r
mat
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
T
y
p
e
D
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
A
n
x
i
e
t
y
,
P
TSD
F
i
g
u
r
e
,
V
i
d
e
o
,
C
h
a
r
t
s
โฆ
(
g
i
f
,
p
n
g
,
mp
4
,
โฆ)
G
u
i
d
e
d
W
o
r
k
,
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
Ex
e
r
c
i
se
w
i
t
h
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
Ex
a
mp
l
e
Le
ss
t
h
a
n
3
0
m
i
n
D
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
A
u
d
i
o
,
V
i
d
e
o
,
โฆ
(
m
i
d
i
,
mp
4
,
mp
e
g
,
โฆ)
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
,
S
u
mm
a
r
y
,
L
e
c
t
u
r
e
N
o
t
e
,
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
,
Le
ss
t
h
a
n
3
0
m
i
n
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
V
i
d
e
o
(
M
o
v
,
A
V
I
,
M
P
4
,
โฆ)
R
รฉ
s
u
mรฉ
,
E
x
e
r
c
i
se
A
v
e
c
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
Lo
w
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
o
r
I
n
st
a
b
l
e
)
Te
x
t
,
S
l
i
d
e
,
W
e
b
p
a
g
e
(
d
o
c
,
p
d
f
,
h
t
m
l
,
j
s
o
n
,
p
p
t
,
โฆ)
S
u
mm
a
r
y
,
Le
c
t
u
r
e
N
o
t
e,
Ex
e
r
c
i
se
,
E
x
a
mp
l
e
,
So
m
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
r
u
les
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
th
e
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
to
lear
n
e
r
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
(
r
elate
d
t
o
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
)
an
d
h
is
n
etwo
r
k
t
y
p
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
:
a)
R
u
le
1
:
i
f
t
h
e
lear
n
er
h
as_
m
en
tal_
d
is
o
r
d
er
is
โ
a
n
x
iety
โ
o
r
โPT
SDโ,
th
en
th
e
L
O
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
d
u
r
atio
n
less
th
an
โ3
0
m
in
โ
an
d
lear
n
in
g
_
ty
p
e=
{g
u
i
d
e
d
wo
r
k
,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
ex
er
cis
e
with
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
ex
am
p
le,
โฆ}
o
r
f
o
r
m
at=
{f
ig
u
r
e,
v
id
eo
,
โฆ}
.
b)
R
u
le
2
:
if
th
e
lear
n
er
h
as_
m
en
t
al_
d
is
o
r
d
er
is
โd
ep
r
ess
io
n
โ,
th
en
th
e
LO
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
d
u
r
atio
n
less
th
an
โ3
0
m
in
โ
a
n
d
le
ar
n
in
g
_
t
y
p
e=
{p
r
ac
tice,
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
r
ea
d
in
g
n
o
te,
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t,
โฆ}
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
at=
{a
u
d
io
,
v
i
d
eo
,
โฆ}
.
c)
R
u
le
3
:
if
th
e
lear
n
er
h
as_
c
o
v
id
_
h
is
to
r
y
is
โstu
d
en
t_
p
o
s
i
tifโ
,
th
en
t
h
e
LO
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
lear
n
in
g
_
ty
p
e=
{su
m
m
ar
y
,
ex
e
r
cise w
ith
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
.
.
.
}
An
d
f
o
r
m
at=
{v
id
eo
,
โฆ}
.
d)
R
u
le
4
:
if
t
h
e
lear
n
er
h
as_
c
o
n
tex
t
is
โn
etwo
r
k
_
n
o
n
_
s
tab
leโ,
th
en
th
e
LO
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
lear
n
in
g
_
ty
p
e=
{lec
tu
r
e
n
o
te,
e
x
er
cise,
ex
am
p
le,
.
.
.
}
Or
f
o
r
m
at=
{tex
t,
s
lid
e,
web
p
ag
e,
โฆ}
.
Oth
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lear
n
er
p
r
o
f
ile
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
a
r
e
eq
u
ally
r
elev
an
t,
lik
e
h
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lev
el,
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
an
d
th
eir
r
u
les ar
e:
e)
R
u
le
5
:
if
th
e
lear
n
er
โ
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e_
lev
el
is
โ
b
eg
in
n
e
r
โ,
th
e
n
t
h
e
LO
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
=โ
ea
s
y
โ
o
r
lear
n
in
g
_
ty
p
e
=
{in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
d
ef
in
itio
n
,
ex
am
p
le,
โฆ}
,
f)
R
u
le
6
:
if
t
h
e
lear
n
er
p
r
ef
e
r
s
_
m
ed
ia_
ty
p
e
is
tex
t,
th
en
th
e
LO
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
at
=
{te
x
t,
s
lid
e,
web
p
ag
e,
โฆ}.
3.
SYST
E
M
ARCH
I
T
E
CT
U
R
E
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
a
d
ap
tatio
n
,
test
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
o
u
r
tak
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
a
g
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icab
ilit
y
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
o
lv
in
g
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
t
a
d
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
o
n
to
lo
g
ies,
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
en
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
:
โ
L
ea
r
n
er
in
te
r
f
ac
e:
Pro
v
id
e
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
with
lear
n
er
s
.
I
t
co
n
d
u
cts
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
(
r
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
,
lo
g
in
,
r
e
q
u
ests
)
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
to
th
e
lear
n
er
co
n
ten
t a
g
en
t a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
s
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
lear
n
i
n
g
co
n
ten
t f
r
o
m
th
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
e
n
g
in
e
to
th
e
lear
n
er
.
โ
L
ea
r
n
in
g
c
o
n
tex
t
ag
e
n
t:
His
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
is
to
k
ee
p
tr
ac
k
o
f
th
e
lear
n
e
r
'
s
ac
ti
o
n
s
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
is
its
,
tim
e
s
p
en
t
o
n
ex
er
cises
,
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e
d
ea
lt
with
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ater
ial)
,
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
h
is
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ex
p
lo
its
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
ad
ap
t
to
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
.
T
h
e
ag
en
t
u
p
d
ates
th
e
lear
n
er
m
o
d
el
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
.
I
t
also
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
th
e
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
ag
en
t
if
th
e
lear
n
er
h
as a
n
u
n
s
tab
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
o
r
if
th
eir
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
h
as c
h
an
g
ed
wh
ile
s
ca
n
n
in
g
th
e
lo
g
f
iles
.
โ
L
ea
r
n
er
ag
e
n
t:
I
s
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
all
d
ata
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
lear
n
er
(
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
co
u
r
s
e,
m
en
tal
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
,
p
r
ef
e
r
e
n
ce
s
,
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
s
ev
er
it
y
o
f
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
t
h
at
th
e
l
ea
r
n
er
m
ay
h
av
e
b
y
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
test
s
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
t
als
o
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
th
e
ag
en
t r
ep
o
r
t if
th
e
lea
r
n
er
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
m
en
tal
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
o
r
if
th
ey
s
tate
th
ey
ar
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
o
s
itiv
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
๏ฒ
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
5
1
5
-
523
520
โ
R
ep
o
r
tin
g
ag
en
t:
I
t
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
th
e
lear
n
er
ag
en
t
an
d
th
e
lear
n
in
g
co
n
tex
t
ag
en
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
t
h
e
lear
n
er
t
o
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
if
a
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
h
e
ca
n
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
tim
e
o
n
t
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
o
r
i
f
it
d
o
esn
'
t
h
av
e
a
s
tab
le
n
etwo
r
k
o
r
o
n
ly
ac
ce
s
s
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wee
k
ly
,
we
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
class
es
an
d
s
tick
to
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
โ
I
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
in
te
r
f
ac
e:
Pro
v
i
d
e
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
in
ter
f
ac
e
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
,
an
d
allo
w
h
im
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
in
s
er
tin
g
,
u
p
d
atin
g
,
an
d
m
o
d
i
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects,
th
eir
m
etad
ata,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
es,
as we
ll a
s
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
em
.
โ
C
o
n
ten
t
ag
en
t:
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
to
r
es
ess
en
tial
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
an
d
d
escr
ib
es
h
o
w
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
ten
t
is
d
esig
n
ed
.
I
t
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
jects
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
,
wh
ic
h
f
u
l
f
ill
ce
r
tain
cr
iter
ia
g
iv
en
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
est o
f
th
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
ag
en
t
.
โ
R
u
le
-
b
ased
en
g
in
e:
T
h
e
last
a
n
d
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
with
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jec
t
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
lear
n
er
.
I
t
o
b
tain
s
d
ata
ab
o
u
t
th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ag
en
ts
,
an
d
ass
o
ciate
s
th
em
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
r
u
les
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
en
g
in
e
ca
n
d
eliv
er
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
lear
n
er
s
t
o
th
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
h
im
s
e
lf
i
n
th
e
c
ase
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
R
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
er
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
b
en
e
f
icial
th
an
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
ey
will
h
elp
with
co
ld
-
s
tar
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
as
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
test
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
to
th
e
tr
u
s
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
as
it
is
ea
s
y
to
ex
p
lain
wh
y
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
in
g
o
b
ject
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
er
,
wh
ich
will
en
h
an
ce
tr
u
s
t
an
d
cr
e
d
ib
ilit
y
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
r
u
les,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
p
r
esen
t
th
e
lear
n
er
with
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
h
e
n
ee
d
s
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
(
h
ea
lt
h
,
s
o
cial
c
o
n
d
itio
n
)
.
Me
an
wh
il
e,
co
n
te
n
t
-
b
ased
o
r
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
o
n
ly
p
r
esen
t
h
im
with
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
h
is
b
eh
av
io
r
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
atch
h
im
with
s
im
ilar
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
v
is
ited
b
y
h
im
o
r
b
y
a
s
im
ilar
lear
n
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sy
s
tem
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
4.
ADAP
T
A
T
I
O
N
AN
D
RE
P
O
RT
I
NG
P
RO
C
E
SS
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
s
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects
to
lea
r
n
er
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e,
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
,
co
n
tex
t,
an
d
in
ca
s
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
f
ec
tio
n
,
b
u
t
it
f
o
r
g
es
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
wee
n
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
an
d
lear
n
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
'
s
r
o
le
is
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
cr
ea
tin
g
an
d
in
d
ex
in
g
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects.
I
t
g
o
es
b
ey
o
n
d
th
at
to
h
elp
f
o
s
ter
a
welc
o
m
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
will
m
ain
tain
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
av
o
r
ab
le
f
o
r
lear
n
e
r
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
eir
co
n
t
ex
ts
an
d
th
eir
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
๏ฒ
A
d
esig
n
o
f a
mu
lti
-
a
g
en
t rec
o
mme
n
d
a
tio
n
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
โฆ
(
A
min
a
Ou
a
tiq
)
521
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
with
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
th
e
m
en
tal,
p
h
y
s
ica
l
h
ea
lth
o
f
lear
n
er
s
(
r
elate
d
to
th
e
tim
e
o
f
cr
is
is
)
an
d
th
eir
c
o
n
tex
t,
a
n
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
will
ass
is
t
th
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
to
tak
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
eir
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
p
r
o
f
ile
wh
ile
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
,
d
ec
id
in
g
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
wo
r
k
,
a
n
d
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
ess
io
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
escr
ib
es th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ep
o
r
tโ
s
cr
ea
tin
g
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
lear
n
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
,
a
n
ew
lear
n
er
m
u
s
t r
eg
is
ter
,
f
ill o
u
t a
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
m
(
co
n
tact
d
etails,
q
u
esti
o
n
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
h
is
to
r
y
with
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
test
,
c
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
,
an
d
lo
ck
d
o
wn
.
)
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
tak
e
th
r
ee
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
test
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
im
a
r
ily
d
etec
t
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
an
y
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
(
an
x
iety
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
PT
SD
in
th
is
wo
r
k
)
an
d
to
q
u
a
n
t
if
y
its
s
ev
er
ity
if
i
t
o
cc
u
r
s
[
3
2
]
.
Fo
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
th
e
lear
n
er
will
an
s
wer
a
s
h
o
r
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
t
h
at
tak
es
5
to
7
m
in
u
tes
with
1
6
item
s
,
th
is
is
th
e
q
u
ick
in
v
en
t
o
r
y
o
f
d
e
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
at
o
lo
g
y
(
QI
DS)
a
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
r
ati
n
g
s
ca
le
th
at
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
an
d
s
y
m
p
to
m
atic
ch
an
g
e.
T
h
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
0
to
2
7
as
f
o
llo
ws
(0
-
5
)
n
o
n
e
,
(
6
-
1
0
)
m
ild
,
(
1
1
-
1
5
)
m
o
d
er
ate,
(
1
6
-
2
0
)
s
ev
er
e,
(
2
1
-
27)
v
er
y
s
ev
e
r
e
[
3
3
]
.
T
o
d
etec
t
an
x
iety
d
is
o
r
d
er
,
t
h
e
lear
n
e
r
m
u
s
t
p
ass
th
e
g
en
e
r
alize
d
an
x
iety
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
ca
le
(
GAD
-
7
)
,
a
1
3
-
q
u
est
io
n
s
s
u
r
v
ey
.
GAD
-
7
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
g
o
o
d
r
el
iab
ilit
y
f
o
r
test
in
g
an
x
iety
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
an
d
f
o
r
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
m
ild
,
m
o
d
er
ate,
a
n
d
s
ev
er
e
a
n
x
iety
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
last
test
is
to
d
etec
t
an
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
PTSD
u
s
in
g
th
e
PTSD
ch
ec
k
lis
t
(
PC
L
)
wh
ich
is
a
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
s
ca
le
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
1
7
item
s
to
r
ate
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
b
ased
o
n
th
ei
r
g
r
av
ity
[
3
5
]
T
h
e
lear
n
e
r
ag
en
t
will b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
an
d
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
m
en
tal
illn
ess
es
an
d
s
to
r
in
g
it with
lear
n
er
s
'
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
On
ce
th
e
lear
n
er
p
r
o
f
ile
is
f
in
alize
d
,
th
e
lear
n
er
ca
n
s
tar
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
h
e
wan
ts
to
lear
n
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
co
n
ten
t
ag
en
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
test
th
at
in
clu
d
es
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
ce
p
ts
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
els
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
Af
ter
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
lear
n
er
ag
en
t
ca
lcu
lates
an
d
d
eter
m
in
es
h
is
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
b
eg
in
n
e
r
,
in
ter
m
e
d
iate,
ad
v
an
ce
d
)
.
T
h
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
ag
en
t
th
en
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
b
jects
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
p
r
o
f
ile
p
r
esen
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
lear
n
er
ag
en
t
an
d
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
th
e
ch
ap
ter
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
c
o
n
tex
t
a
g
en
t
t
r
ac
k
s
an
d
a
n
a
ly
ze
s
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
au
to
m
atica
lly
r
etr
iev
es
co
n
tex
tu
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
d
ev
ic
e
ty
p
e.
So
m
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
iag
r
am
s
:
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lear
n
e
r
'
s
f
ir
s
t in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
S
ch
em
atic
r
ep
r
esen
t
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ep
o
r
t c
r
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Seq
u
en
ce
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
๏ฒ
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
5
1
5
-
523
522
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Seq
u
en
ce
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
f
ir
s
t in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
S
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle,
a
v
alid
c
o
n
c
ep
tio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
UM
L
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
an
d
m
o
d
u
les
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
in
g
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jects
b
ased
o
n
o
n
t
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
o
n
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
e
aso
n
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
m
u
lt
i
-
ag
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
co
m
m
u
n
icate
p
er
m
an
en
tly
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eg
u
lar
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
W
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
lear
n
er
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
o
n
to
lo
g
ies,
th
e
latter
o
f
wh
ich
d
escr
ib
es
lear
n
in
g
o
b
je
cts.
T
h
e
h
ea
lth
an
d
co
n
tex
t
o
f
lear
n
er
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
o
n
b
o
t
h
o
n
to
lo
g
ies,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
ex
ten
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jects.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
em
an
tic
r
u
les
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
u
n
tim
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
ad
ap
tiv
ity
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
g
en
er
ate
f
lex
ib
le
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
a
im
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
tak
es
p
lace
i
n
th
e
b
est
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
ev
er
y
lea
r
n
er
,
d
esp
ite
h
is
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
o
r
h
is
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ass
u
r
es
th
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
two
asp
ec
ts
:
i)
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
le
ar
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
lear
n
er
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
m
o
d
els,
an
d
ii)
g
iv
in
g
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
eir
lear
n
er
s
'
s
itu
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ep
o
r
ts
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e
an
in
s
ig
h
t
in
t
o
t
h
e
m
en
tal
h
ea
l
th
o
f
lear
n
er
s
,
wh
ich
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
en
o
u
g
h
d
esp
ite
its
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
w
h
ich
o
p
e
n
s
a
d
o
o
r
f
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
g
ai
n
an
d
b
e
n
ef
its
f
r
o
m
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
d
af
ter
t
h
e
p
an
d
em
ic.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
est
p
r
ac
tice
f
o
r
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
r
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
r
u
le
-
b
ased
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
a
n
d
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
ar
e:
i)
s
ep
ar
atin
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
r
u
le
-
b
ased
en
g
in
e)
,
ii)
p
r
ec
is
e
th
e
n
ee
d
e
d
m
o
d
els
to
d
esig
n
b
ef
o
r
e
h
an
d
with
th
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic,
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
m
etad
ata,
an
d
a
c
o
m
p
lete
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
iii)
en
s
u
r
e
a
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ase
f
o
r
f
ac
ts
an
d
r
u
les
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
ts
,
b
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
c
u
r
r
en
tly
u
n
d
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
An
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
ev
alu
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