I
nte
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na
l J
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f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
3
~
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8
I
SS
N:
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2
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In
stit
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te o
f
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S
c
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.
Al
l
rig
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se
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d
.
C
o
r
r
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p
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A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
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a
m
m
ad
Yasee
n
,
Un
i
v
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g
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&
T
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m
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_
cse1
1
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
(
R
E
)
is
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
a
n
d
d
is
cip
lin
e
w
a
y
o
f
co
llecti
n
g
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
to
m
an
a
g
e
it
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
R
E
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
w
h
at
c
u
s
to
m
er
w
a
n
ts
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[2
-
5
]
.
R
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
e
licitatio
n
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
o
f
R
E
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
l
if
e
c
y
cle
[
6
]
.
Du
r
in
g
elic
itatio
n
p
h
ase
w
e
d
o
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
w
it
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u
s
er
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o
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cu
s
to
m
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an
d
g
at
h
er
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
b
y
ap
p
l
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n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
eli
citatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
r
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d
ep
en
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ed
o
n
th
e
q
u
alit
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o
f
h
o
w
b
etter
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
g
at
h
er
ed
[
1
,
7
]
.
R
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is
v
e
r
y
d
if
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ic
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lt
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h
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t
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lt
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ated
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ce
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allen
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ce
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ter
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s
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GS
D
p
r
o
p
er
elicitatio
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
af
f
ec
ted
[
8
,
9
]
.
2.
M
O
T
I
VAT
I
O
N
AND
R
E
L
A
T
E
D
WO
RK
Mig
u
el
R
o
m
er
o
[
1
0
]
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
at
c
u
lt
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r
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d
ti
m
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if
f
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s
ar
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b
i
g
c
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alle
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g
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s
i
n
GSD.
Fo
r
r
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u
cin
g
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e
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f
f
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t
o
f
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h
allen
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es
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
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o
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p
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p
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to
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h
ar
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n
o
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ab
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t
r
eq
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ir
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m
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n
d
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k
n
o
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led
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e
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an
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g
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m
en
t
s
y
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te
m
.
T
h
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au
th
o
r
d
esc
r
ib
es
r
elev
an
t
s
k
ill
s
f
o
r
elici
tatio
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in
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SD
ar
e;
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n
g
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ter
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co
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m
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k
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u
s
e
o
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p
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m
m
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p
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co
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f
lic
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a
n
d
tea
m
w
o
r
k
s
k
i
lls
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e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
elicitatio
n
.
No
s
h
ee
n
Sab
a
h
at
[
6
]
af
ter
d
o
in
g
s
u
r
v
e
y
a
n
d
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
ex
p
lain
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
elicitatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
S
h
e
co
n
c
l
u
d
ed
t
h
at
in
GSD
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
elicitatio
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tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
p
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to
ty
p
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g
,
s
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n
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s
an
d
in
ter
v
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w
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
t
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p
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
b
est
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
G
SD
b
ec
au
s
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
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r
ep
r
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t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
881
4
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
0
3
–
3
0
8
304
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ea
r
lier
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
ar
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m
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.
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n
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w
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th
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p
r
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p
o
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e
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ativ
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m
o
d
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a
n
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s
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s
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k
s
iter
ati
v
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y
at
s
a
m
e
ti
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e.
B
in
W
en
[
1
1
]
d
is
cu
s
s
th
a
t
tr
a
d
i
tio
n
al
elici
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
ap
p
l
y
i
n
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SD
d
u
r
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n
g
co
llectin
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o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
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tech
n
iq
u
es
li
k
e
s
o
cial
in
telli
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n
t
f
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r
n
et
w
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o
f
t
w
ar
e
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d
s
e
m
a
n
tic
w
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tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
elec
ted
d
u
r
in
g
elicitati
o
n
.
Gab
r
iela
N.
A
r
an
d
a
[
1
2
]
in
h
i
s
p
ap
er
s
u
g
g
est
s
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
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ies
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h
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e
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ltu
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d
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f
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e
n
ce
s
.
Usi
n
g
o
n
to
lo
g
ies
ca
n
clar
if
y
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
a
s
w
el
l
a
s
r
ed
u
ce
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
an
d
ter
m
i
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
s
elec
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
tea
m
w
h
ile
d
o
in
g
elicitatio
n
b
ec
a
u
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
co
n
f
r
o
n
t
in
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
o
f
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
n
ee
d
to
w
o
r
k
to
g
et
h
er
.
Fab
io
C
ale
f
ato
[
1
3
]
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
at
as
f
ac
e
to
f
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
e
licitatio
n
i
n
GS
D
i
s
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
b
u
t
s
till
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
h
av
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
alter
n
ativ
e
to
f
ac
e
to
f
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
.
Af
ter
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ie
s
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
d
esig
n
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ed
iated
to
o
l
f
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
te
x
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
n
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
f
ac
e
to
f
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
T
h
e
to
o
l
co
n
tain
s
a
u
d
io
an
d
v
id
eo
co
n
f
er
en
ci
n
g
f
a
cilit
y
.
T
h
e
to
o
l
w
as
f
u
r
t
h
er
ev
al
u
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
.
Nee
tu
K
u
m
ar
i
[
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
es
w
i
th
elic
itatio
n
i
n
G
S
D
b
u
t
th
e
lev
els
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
ar
e
n
o
t
d
ef
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
i
s
li
m
ited
t
o
f
in
d
t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
s
o
n
l
y
n
o
t
th
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
m
o
d
el
ar
e
n
o
t
ex
p
lain
ed
.
F
u
r
th
er
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
co
llect
in
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
l
iter
at
u
r
e
is
n
o
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
s
o
w
e
n
ee
d
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
,
cr
itical
s
u
cc
ess
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
ch
allen
g
es.
3.
O
B
J
E
CT
I
V
E
S
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
s
tu
d
y
i
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
R
E
M
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
en
d
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
i
n
b
etter
elicitatio
n
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
GS
D.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
w
i
ll
ad
d
r
ess
ch
al
len
g
e
s
an
d
s
u
cc
es
s
f
ac
to
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
eli
citatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
m
o
d
el
w
il
l
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tices
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
etter
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
s
u
cc
es
s
f
ac
t
o
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
el
icitatio
n
an
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
.
Fo
r
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
w
e
w
ill
d
o
th
e
SLR
an
d
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
t
u
d
y
to
f
i
n
d
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
u
r
in
g
elicitatio
n
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
i
n
GSD.
Fo
r
th
e
im
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
w
ill
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
SLR
a
n
d
th
e
n
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
il
l
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
v
alid
ate
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tices.
Su
r
v
e
y
w
il
l
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
to
m
e
n
tio
n
s
o
m
e
n
e
w
p
r
ac
tices
n
o
t
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
liter
at
u
r
e
b
ef
o
r
e.
Af
ter
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
ac
tices
a
n
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
m
o
d
el
w
i
ll
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
ai
m
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
v
e
n
d
o
r
s
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
also
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
o
t
h
er
f
ield
s
to
s
u
g
g
e
s
t s
u
ch
m
o
d
els
[
1
4
]
.
4.
RE
S
E
ARCH
Q
U
E
ST
I
O
NS
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
i
v
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
es
tio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
p
o
s
ted
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
w
a
y
:
R
Q1
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
as
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
r
o
m
liter
at
u
r
e
th
at
h
a
v
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
e
licitatio
n
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
R
E
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
GSD?
R
Q2
:
W
h
at
ar
e
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
r
ea
l
p
r
ac
tice
th
at
h
a
v
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
elicitatio
n
p
h
ase
o
f
R
E
in
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t o
f
G
SD?
R
Q3
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
a
n
d
ch
alle
n
g
es
as
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
f
r
o
m
liter
atu
r
e
t
h
at
h
av
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t e
licitatio
n
p
h
ase
o
f
R
E
in
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t o
f
G
SD?
R
Q4
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
r
ea
l
p
r
ac
tice
th
at
h
av
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
elicitatio
n
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
R
E
in
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t o
f
G
SD?
R
Q5
:
A
r
e
th
er
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
p
r
ac
tice?
R
Q6
:
I
s
th
e
R
E
M
p
r
ac
ticall
y
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
in
ter
m
s
o
f
f
i
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
allev
iate
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
a
n
d
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
v
en
d
o
r
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
elicita
tio
n
i
n
GSD?
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
S
L
R
,
R
Q1
a
n
d
R
Q3
w
il
l
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
i.e
.
s
tu
d
y
in
g
w
h
at
f
ac
to
r
s
(
C
S
Fs
a
n
d
C
s
)
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
.
I
n
f
u
t
u
r
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
ac
ilit
at
e
v
en
d
o
r
s
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
f
a
cto
r
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
e
licita
tio
n
,
w
e
w
il
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
/co
d
e
t
h
e
R
E
M
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
v
e
n
d
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
i
n
G
SD
th
e
R
E
M
w
il
l
s
u
g
g
es
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
to
o
l
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
if
f
er
en
t a
s
s
es
s
m
e
n
t r
ep
o
r
ts
an
d
d
o
d
if
f
er
en
t a
cti
v
iti
es f
o
r
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
R
eq
u
ir
eme
n
t E
licita
tio
n
Mo
d
e
l (
R
E
M
)
in
th
e
C
o
n
text
o
f G
lo
b
a
l S
o
ftw
a
r
e
Dev
elo
p
men
t
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
Ya
s
ee
n
)
305
5.
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
RE
M
AND
RE
SE
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
R
E
M
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
r
e
e
p
h
ases
.
P
h
ase#
1
: SL
R
w
ill b
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
P
h
ase#
2
:
E
m
p
ir
ical
s
t
u
d
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
v
al
id
ate
t
h
e
r
esu
l
t
o
f
S
L
R
a
n
d
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
.
P
h
ase#
3
:
Fo
r
ev
alu
atio
n
a
n
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
R
E
M,
C
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
il
l
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
o
ex
p
lain
th
e
af
o
r
esaid
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ases
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
ad
d
ed
.
5
.
1
.
Co
llect
io
n
o
f
D
a
t
a
a
nd
it
s
Ana
ly
s
is
C
SF
s
(
cr
itical
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
ac
to
r
s
)
:
Facto
r
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
elic
itatio
n
i
n
GSD.
C
R
s
(
cr
itical
R
i
s
k
s
)
:
Facto
r
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
elicitatio
n
i
n
GSD.
P
r
ac
tices:
Fo
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
C
SF
s
,
p
r
ac
tices
w
ill
b
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
an
d
u
s
e
d.
S
L
R
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
id
en
ti
f
y
f
ac
to
r
s
(
C
SF
s
a
n
d
C
s
)
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
S
L
R
w
e
w
ill
e
x
tr
ac
t,
a
n
al
y
s
e
an
d
w
ill
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
ata
r
elev
an
t
to
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
S
L
R
i
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
o
r
d
in
ar
y
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
ws
b
ein
g
f
o
r
m
al
l
y
p
lan
n
ed
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Kitc
h
en
h
a
m
[
1
5
]
SLR
is
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
3
p
h
a
s
es.
Firs
t
p
h
a
s
e
i
s
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
,
s
ec
o
n
d
i
s
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
is
th
e
la
s
t
p
h
ase.
B
ef
o
r
e
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
S
L
R
a
p
r
o
to
co
l
w
ill
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
w
h
ich
i
n
cl
u
d
e
all
t
h
e
s
tep
s
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
S
L
R
.
F
r
o
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
a
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
i
n
g
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
l
ib
r
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
Sear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
p
la
n
w
il
l
b
e
d
ef
in
e
d
an
d
t
h
en
p
r
o
to
co
l
w
il
l
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
.
A
f
ter
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
i
n
cl
u
s
io
n
a
n
d
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
w
ill
b
e
d
ef
i
n
e
to
t
ell
w
h
ic
h
p
ap
er
to
i
n
cl
u
d
e
in
f
in
a
l lis
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
E
M
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
y
cle
ac
ti
v
ities
T
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
f
a
cto
r
s
(
C
SF
s
an
d
C
s
)
,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
ill
b
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
w
ith
e
x
p
er
ts
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
is
:
a.
Valid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
SLR.
b.
T
o
f
in
d
n
e
w
f
ac
to
r
s
(
C
S
Fs
a
n
d
C
s
)
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
n
o
t p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
.
c.
T
o
id
en
tify
p
r
ac
tice
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
(
C
S
Fs
an
d
C
s
)
.
Af
ter
R
E
M
i
s
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
d
esig
n
t
h
en
f
o
r
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
i
n
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
c
ase
s
t
u
d
ies
w
ill
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
881
4
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
0
3
–
3
0
8
306
5
.
2
.
Dev
el
o
p
m
ent
o
f
RE
M
Fo
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
R
E
M
w
e
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
th
e
f
i
v
e
s
ta
g
e
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
A
s
i
m
ilar
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
also
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
a
n
o
th
er
r
ese
ar
ch
er
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
R
E
M
i
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ta
g
e;
it
is
u
s
ed
to
s
et
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
R
E
M
s
u
cc
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
b
elo
w
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
t
w
o
cr
iter
ia
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
R
E
M.
a.
User
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
:
T
h
is
cr
iter
ia
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
en
d
u
s
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
R
E
M.
He
/
Sh
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
R
E
M
w
ith
o
u
t
a
n
y
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
o
r
a
m
b
ig
u
it
y
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
.
b.
Usab
ilit
y
:
T
h
is
cr
iter
ia
e
m
p
h
asis
o
n
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ea
s
in
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
R
E
M.
I
t
s
tates
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
E
M
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
le
x
ib
le
an
d
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
ac
ce
p
t
co
m
p
lex
m
o
d
els
a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
tr
ain
in
g
a
n
d
ef
f
o
r
t.
Data
co
llectio
n
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
th
e
s
ta
g
e
2
.
R
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
i
n
g
o
f
r
e
s
u
l
ts
w
i
ll
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
s
tag
e
3
.
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
R
E
M
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
t
u
d
ies
in
s
ta
g
e4
.
E
v
a
l
u
atio
n
an
d
v
al
id
atio
n
o
f
th
e
R
E
M
v
ia
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
will b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
f
i
n
al
s
tag
e
i.e
.
s
tag
e
5
.
P
lan
n
ed
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
E
M
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
R
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
R
E
M
lev
els
is
als
o
s
h
o
w
n
,
f
ac
to
r
s
/r
i
s
k
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tices u
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
r
is
k
s
an
d
s
u
cc
es
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
R
E
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
5
.
3
.
RE
M
S
t
ruct
ure
W
e
w
ill b
u
i
ld
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
R
E
M
o
n
t
h
e
b
ases
o
f
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
r
ee
e
x
ten
s
io
n
s
.
a.
R
E
M
lev
el
s
b.
Facto
r
s
(
C
SF
s
,
C
s
)
i
n
ea
ch
le
v
el
c.
P
r
ac
tices a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
C
las
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
C
S
Fs
a
n
d
C
s
in
d
if
f
er
en
t c
ateg
o
r
ies
w
i
ll b
e
th
e
b
ase
f
o
r
d
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
le
v
el
s
o
f
R
E
M
.
E
ac
h
lev
el
w
il
l
b
e
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
(
C
SF
s
a
n
d
C
s
)
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
in
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
lev
el,
p
r
ac
tices
w
ill
b
e
g
iv
e
n
f
o
r
it
s
p
r
o
p
er
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
.
L
i
k
e
C
MM
I
a
n
d
o
t
h
er
m
o
d
el
s
,
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
ce
r
tai
n
le
v
el
th
e
y
m
u
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
th
e
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
ea
c
h
C
SF
s
an
d
C
s
u
n
d
er
th
a
t
p
ar
ticu
lar
lev
el.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
E
M
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t s
tag
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
R
eq
u
ir
eme
n
t E
licita
tio
n
Mo
d
e
l (
R
E
M
)
in
th
e
C
o
n
text
o
f G
lo
b
a
l S
o
ftw
a
r
e
Dev
elo
p
men
t
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
Ya
s
ee
n
)
307
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
E
M
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
5
.
4
.
RE
M
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n
R
E
M
w
i
ll
b
e
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies
.
Fo
r
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
f
i
v
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
w
il
l
b
e
en
o
u
g
h
.
C
ase
s
tu
d
y
is
t
h
e
b
est
to
o
l
f
o
r
ev
alu
ati
n
g
an
y
m
o
d
el
i
n
r
ea
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
A
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
es
s
io
n
w
ill
b
e
a
r
r
an
g
ed
to
g
et
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
ab
o
u
t
R
E
M.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
w
i
ll
b
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
a
n
d
u
s
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
t
i
o
n
as
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2
.
I
n
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
ev
al
u
atio
n
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
p
eo
p
le
in
ter
ac
t
a
n
d
g
en
er
ate
id
ea
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
g
e
tti
n
g
h
elp
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
er
.
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
m
o
r
e
o
p
en
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
in
d
iv
id
u
al
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
.
6.
RE
S
E
ARCH
CAR
RI
E
D
UP
T
O
DAT
E
W
e
h
av
e
d
o
n
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
ar
:
a.
I
d
en
tif
icat
io
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
b.
R
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
p
ec
i
f
icati
o
n
c.
Selectio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d.
Def
i
n
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
R
E
M
e.
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
elec
tio
n
f.
C
o
n
d
u
ct
o
f
S
L
R
7.
CO
NCLU
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Deta
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SER
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at
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ce
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RE
F
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NC
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S
[1
]
D.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
U.
S
u
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ra
m
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n
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A
n
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ff
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c
ti
v
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re
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u
ire
m
e
n
t
e
n
g
in
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g
p
ro
c
e
ss
m
o
d
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l
f
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r
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f
t
w
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re
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m
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t
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re
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u
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g
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p
re
se
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ted
a
t
A
d
v
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n
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e
s
in
Re
c
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t
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e
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h
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ies
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m
m
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n
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RT
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m
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0
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tern
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n
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l
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o
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f
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2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
W
.
J.
L
lo
y
d
,
M
.
B.
Ro
ss
o
n
,
a
n
d
J.
D.
A
rth
u
r,
"
E
f
fe
c
ti
v
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e
ss
o
f
e
l
icitatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
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istri
b
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ted
re
q
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ts
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g
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p
re
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ted
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t
Re
q
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in
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g
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2
0
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.
P
ro
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d
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IEE
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Jo
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tern
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tem
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er
2
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8
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3
0
3
–
3
0
8
308
[3
]
S
.
Ne
e
tu
Ku
m
a
ri
a
n
d
A
.
S
.
P
il
l
a
i,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
g
lo
b
a
l
re
q
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
e
li
c
it
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ti
o
n
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e
s
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n
d
p
r
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p
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re
se
a
rc
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ra
m
e
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rk
,
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p
re
s
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ted
a
t
S
o
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re
En
g
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e
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rin
g
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n
d
S
e
rv
ice
S
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c
e
(ICS
ES
S
),
2
0
1
3
4
t
h
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
M
.
Ka
u
p
p
i
n
e
n
,
M
.
V
a
rti
a
i
n
e
n
,
J
.
Ko
n
ti
o
,
S
.
Ku
jala
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
u
l
o
n
e
n
,
"
Im
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
e
n
g
in
e
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rin
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
th
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s:
su
c
c
e
ss
f
a
c
to
rs
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,"
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
f
twa
re
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
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v
o
l.
4
6
,
p
p
.
9
3
7
-
9
5
3
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
B.
A
rth
i,
"
Distrib
u
ted
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
Ne
g
o
ti
a
ti
o
n
s
Us
in
g
M
ix
e
d
M
e
d
ia,"
In
tâ€
™
l
Jo
u
rn
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l
o
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g
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n
d
T
e
c
h
n
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l,
v
o
l.
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[6
]
N.
S
a
b
a
h
a
t,
F
.
Iq
b
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l,
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.
A
z
a
m
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n
d
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.
Y.
Ja
v
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d
,
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n
it
e
ra
ti
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p
p
ro
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g
lo
b
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l
re
q
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ts
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li
c
it
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ti
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:
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c
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stu
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y
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sis,"
p
re
s
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ted
a
t
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e
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tro
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ics
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n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
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g
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g
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2
0
1
0
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
On
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
A
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
A
.
S
h
a
h
z
a
d
,
V.
K.
P
a
d
m
a
n
a
b
h
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n
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A
.
M
a
n
so
o
r
,
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.
J
o
s
e
p
h
,
a
n
d
Z.
A
rsh
a
d
,
"
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
p
rio
r
it
iza
ti
o
n
w
it
h
re
sp
e
c
t
to
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
ll
y
Distrib
u
ted
S
tak
e
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ld
e
rs,"
p
re
se
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ted
a
t
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m
p
u
ter
S
c
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c
e
a
n
d
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u
to
m
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ti
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n
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g
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rin
g
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S
A
E),
2
0
1
1
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tern
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ti
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n
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l
C
o
n
f
e
re
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c
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o
n
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
M
.
Ya
se
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n
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S
.
Ba
se
e
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a
n
d
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.
S
h
e
rin
,
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ica
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
re
q
u
irem
e
n
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
g
lo
b
a
l
so
f
t
w
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re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
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s
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ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
iew
,
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p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
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0
1
5
I
n
tern
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ti
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l
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Op
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rc
e
S
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m
s &
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(ICOSS
T
),
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
T
.
Ill
e
s
-
S
e
i
f
e
rt,
A
.
He
rr
m
a
n
n
,
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.
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e
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a
n
d
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.
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e
n
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ra
n
d
,
"
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h
e
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
Distri
b
u
ted
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
:
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su
lt
s
o
f
a
n
On
li
n
e
S
u
rv
e
y
,
"
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
W
OR
KSH
OP
P
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ro
m
e
ro
,
A
.
V
izc
a
Ã
-n
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
iatti
n
i,
"
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
re
q
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
e
li
c
it
a
ti
o
n
w
it
h
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
g
lo
b
a
l
so
f
t
w
a
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
"
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
(ENC),
2
0
0
9
M
e
x
ica
n
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
B.
W
e
n
,
Z.
L
u
o
,
a
n
d
P
.
L
ian
g
,
"
Distrib
u
ted
a
n
d
Co
l
lab
o
ra
ti
v
e
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
El
icitatio
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
S
o
c
ia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
"
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
W
e
b
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(W
IS
A
),
2
0
1
2
N
in
th
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
G
.
N.
A
ra
n
d
a
,
A
.
V
izc
a
Ã
-n
o
,
A
.
Ce
c
h
ich
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
iatti
n
i,
"
S
t
ra
teg
ies
to
m
in
im
i
z
e
p
ro
b
lem
s
in
g
lo
b
a
l
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
e
li
c
it
a
ti
o
n
,
"
CL
EI
e
lec
tro
n
ic j
o
u
r
n
a
l,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
F
.
Ca
lef
a
to
,
D.
Da
m
ian
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
a
n
u
b
i
le,
"
Co
m
p
u
ter
-
m
e
d
iate
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
to
su
p
p
o
rt
d
istri
b
u
t
e
d
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
e
li
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
n
e
g
o
ti
a
ti
o
n
s tas
k
s,"
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
p
p
.
6
4
0
-
6
7
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
S
.
A
li
a
n
d
S
.
U.
Kh
a
n
,
"
S
OFT
WA
RE
OU
T
S
OU
RCIN
G
P
A
R
T
NE
RS
HIP
M
OD
EL
,
"
S
c
ien
c
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
B.
Kitch
e
n
h
a
m
a
n
d
C.
C
h
a
rters
,
"
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
f
o
r
p
e
rf
o
rm
in
g
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
Re
v
ie
w
s
in
S
o
f
tw
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ke
e
le Un
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
Du
r
h
a
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Jo
in
t
Re
p
o
r
t,
"
EBS
E
2
0
0
7
-
0
0
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
6
]
S
.
A
li
a
n
d
S
.
U.
Kh
a
n
,
"
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
Ou
tso
u
rc
i
n
g
P
a
rtn
e
rsh
i
p
(S
O
P
)
:
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
L
it
e
r
a
tu
re
Re
v
ie
w
P
ro
to
c
o
l
w
it
h
P
re
li
m
in
a
ry
Re
su
lt
s,"
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Hy
b
rid
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
-
3
9
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Ya
se
e
n
,
S
.
Ba
se
e
r,
S
.
A
li
,
a
n
d
S
.
U.
Kh
a
n
,
"
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
t
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
M
o
d
e
l
(RIM
)
i
n
th
e
C
o
n
tex
t
o
f
G
lo
b
a
l
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
De
v
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