I
nte
rna
t
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na
l J
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f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
,
p
p
.
132
~
1
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SS
N:
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2
5
2
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8814
,
DOI
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132
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etc
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1
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.
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[
2
,
3
]
.
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t r
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m
is
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w
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m
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as b
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I
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N:
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2
5
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8814
A
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ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
”.
No
w
d
a
y
s
,
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
e
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
at
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
lace
s
,
y
e
t i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
s
u
p
r
a
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
r
e
m
ai
n
s
co
n
f
i
n
ed
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
r
ev
ie
w
s
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
e
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
2
-
1
5
0
k
Hz
r
a
n
g
e.
P
ar
t
Ⅱ
r
ev
ie
w
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
,
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
an
g
e,
p
o
w
er
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
in
v
er
ter
[
P
V
in
v
er
ter
]
,
L
i
g
h
t
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e,
C
o
m
p
ac
t
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
la
m
p
,
a
n
d
P
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
t
er
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
p
ar
t
Ⅲ
.
T
h
e
d
etails
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
ar
e
e
x
p
lai
n
e
d
in
p
ar
t
Ⅲ
.
Me
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
c
h
alle
n
g
es
an
d
m
iti
g
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es a
r
e
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
p
ar
t Ⅳ.
2.
SUPR
AH
ARM
O
NICS
AND
I
T
’
S SO
UR
CE
S
T
h
e
ter
m
“
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics”
(
SH)
is
u
s
ed
to
s
p
ec
if
y
a
b
ias
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
in
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
to
1
5
0
k
Hz.
“
Hi
g
h
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
”
ter
m
i
s
alr
ea
d
y
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
U
n
io
n
(
I
T
U)
to
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
3
to
3
0
MH
z
at
t
h
e
I
E
E
E
P
E
S
2
0
1
3
g
en
er
al
m
ee
t
in
g
;
t
h
e
n
a
m
e
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics
w
a
s
f
i
r
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
th
at
d
am
a
g
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
th
u
s
it i
n
cr
ea
s
es t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
r
is
k
s
u
ch
a
s
:
C
au
s
es d
i
m
m
er
s
in
la
m
p
s
a
n
d
f
ail
u
r
es i
n
to
u
c
h
co
n
tr
o
l o
p
er
a
to
r
s
Ov
er
h
ea
t
in
g
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
an
d
also
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
Failu
r
es i
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
d
ev
ice
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
Dec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
l
if
e
o
f
L
E
D
li
g
h
ts
a
n
d
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t la
m
p
s
2
.
1
.
Su
pra
ha
r
m
o
nic
s
s
o
urce
s
W
h
en
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
,
t
h
e
SH
d
i
s
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
I
t
i
s
m
ai
n
l
y
d
u
e
to
s
w
itc
h
in
g
o
f
i
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
c
ir
cu
it.
T
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
its
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
e
lectr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
th
a
t
is
tied
to
th
e
g
r
id
to
s
elf
co
m
m
u
ta
te
d
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
th
er
d
ev
ices
h
a
v
in
g
s
w
itc
h
in
g
cir
cu
its
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
P
L
C
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
-
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
ei
t
h
er
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
o
r
w
it
h
p
ass
i
v
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
tw
o
m
a
in
ca
u
s
es
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
h
e
em
i
s
s
io
n
h
as
s
h
i
f
ted
f
r
o
m
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
to
th
e
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
ies
a
f
ter
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
el
f
-
co
m
m
u
tated
v
al
v
e
s
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
h
av
i
n
g
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
d
esi
g
n
er
s
n
ee
d
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
th
at
s
at
is
f
ie
s
e
m
is
s
io
n
li
m
it
s
at
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
So
m
e
ex
a
m
p
les o
f
d
ev
ice
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
ar
e:
Oscill
atio
n
s
o
v
er
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
n
o
tc
h
es [
u
p
to
1
0
k
Hz]
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ize
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
9
-
1
5
0
k
Hz]
E
lectr
ic
v
eh
ic
les ch
ar
g
er
s
[
1
5
k
Hz
1
0
0
k
Hz]
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
in
v
er
ter
s
[
4
k
Hz
-
2
0
k
Hz]
P
o
w
er
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
[
9
-
9
5
k
Hz]
Ho
u
s
e
h
o
ld
d
ev
ices [
2
-
1
5
0
k
Hz]
Stre
et
lig
h
ts
[
u
p
to
2
0
k
Hz]
2
.
2
.
Dis
t
urba
nce
s
in s
up
ra
ha
r
m
o
nic r
a
ng
e
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
w
h
en
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e.
Sev
er
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
t
h
ese
an
d
it lea
d
s
to
s
u
b
d
iv
i
s
io
n
o
f
d
i
s
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
[
5
]
.
B
r
o
ad
b
an
d
s
ig
n
a
ls
Nar
r
o
w
b
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
s
R
ec
u
r
r
en
t o
s
cillatio
n
s
T
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
e
m
itted
b
y
t
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
o
cc
asio
n
all
y
f
o
r
e
g
.
T
h
e
HF
b
allasts
o
f
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
la
m
p
s
t
h
at
e
m
it
s
r
e
m
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
s
w
i
tch
in
g
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
“
B
r
o
ad
b
an
d
s
ig
n
a
ls
”
ca
n
s
ee
n
i
n
s
o
m
e
p
o
w
er
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
(
d
etailed
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
i
s
g
i
v
en
i
n
u
p
co
m
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
)
.
“Recu
r
r
en
t
o
s
cillatio
n
s
”
m
ai
n
l
y
o
cc
u
r
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
it
r
e
m
ai
n
s
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
u
tati
o
n
at
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
: 1
3
2
–
141
134
r
ec
tif
ier
s
f
o
r
e.
g
.
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
lo
ad
s
t
h
at
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
s
ig
n
al
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
e
m
itted
b
y
P
L
C
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
u
s
e
s
th
i
s
s
i
g
n
al
at
4
3
k
Hz
an
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
co
o
k
er
at
4
0
k
Hz.
E
x
a
m
p
les
o
f
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
an
d
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Nar
r
o
w
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al
[
ti
m
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
]
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al
[
T
im
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
]
As
s
i
g
n
a
l
th
a
t
co
n
tai
n
s
d
a
m
p
ed
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
a
r
ec
u
r
r
i
n
g
o
s
cillatio
n
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
in
[
6
]
.
So
m
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
ca
n
e
m
it
t
h
is
k
i
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
b
u
t
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
o
f
t
h
ese
s
i
g
n
als
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
a
ctiv
e
P
FC
cir
cu
its
.
Du
e
to
d
c
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es o
r
Ma
y
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
es
o
f
UP
S,
th
er
e
is
a
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
i
n
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
o
s
cilla
tio
n
s
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
tatio
n
n
o
tch
es.
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ain
f
o
r
a
s
y
n
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3
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1
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d
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ted
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9
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Ma
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[
9
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.
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Un
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[
1
1
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
: 1
3
2
–
141
136
3
.
2
.
E
m
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2
2
5
2
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8814
A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
: 1
3
2
–
141
138
T
h
e
lev
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ates
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r
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3
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4
.
E
m
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s
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ro
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po
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t
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o
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er
P
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ac
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is
to
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[
1
5
]
.
T
h
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m
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HVDC
etc.
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to
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tr
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in
t
cla
m
p
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th
e
f
l
y
i
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g
ca
p
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h
e
m
o
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u
lat
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m
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th
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s
ar
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class
i
f
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
i
n
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
m
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tile
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co
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v
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ter
in
th
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h
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h
f
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eq
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en
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r
an
g
e
is
r
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m
ar
k
ab
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lo
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an
th
a
t
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o
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co
n
v
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ter
.
Deta
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ex
p
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r
i
m
en
t r
esu
l
ts
i
n
[
1
7
]
.
3
.
5
.
P
ri
m
a
ry
a
nd
s
ec
o
n
da
ry
e
m
i
s
s
io
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I
t
is
v
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y
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
to
d
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f
f
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tiate
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w
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p
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m
is
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d
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d
ar
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m
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o
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w
it
h
in
s
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p
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m
o
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ic
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T
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P
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t
th
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co
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m
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b
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ter
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al
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o
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Seco
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t
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co
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ter
n
a
l
e
m
is
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f
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m
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P
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m
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o
w
n
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Fi
g
u
r
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9
.
De
tailed
ex
p
lan
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n
o
n
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P
r
im
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
e
m
i
s
s
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n
T
h
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p
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im
ar
y
e
m
is
s
io
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is
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
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ti
m
e
an
d
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ca
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an
d
is
n
o
t
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
e
m
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th
at
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ca
lcu
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o
n
a
s
tan
d
ar
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test
.
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
ex
p
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i
m
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ts
ca
n
b
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e
f
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d
ar
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m
is
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.
I
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th
e
s
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ex
p
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m
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,
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s
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d
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w
it
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In
[
1
9
]
; sev
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ca
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.
4.
M
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ASURE
M
E
NT
T
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CH
NI
Q
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S,
CH
AL
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D
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M
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ASUR
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4
.
1
.
M
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a
s
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m
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nt
cha
lleng
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Gen
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all
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,
t
h
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tec
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iq
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d
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m
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m
ai
n
an
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m
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-
f
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eq
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n
c
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d
o
m
ai
n
an
a
l
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s
is
[
2
0
]
.
Var
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in
m
ag
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d
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lev
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s
ca
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tech
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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(
To
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139
f
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ai
n
is
id
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y
u
s
ed
.
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r
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a
l
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,
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m
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f
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eq
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en
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iq
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es a
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.
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in
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2
.
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Fil
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an
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cu
r
r
en
t f
ee
d
i
n
g
a
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
la
m
p
t
h
at
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
allast is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4.
Fro
m
u
n
f
ilter
ed
c
u
r
r
en
t,
it
ca
n
f
i
n
d
t
h
at
e
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
n
o
t
ch
es,
t
h
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
is
r
at
h
er
s
in
u
s
o
id
al.
T
h
e
f
ilter
ed
cu
r
r
en
t i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
B
u
tte
r
w
o
r
th
f
ilter
.
I
t sh
o
w
s
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
o
s
cillatio
n
s
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
tc
h
es.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
is
s
aid
to
b
e
“
co
m
m
u
ta
ted
o
s
cillatio
n
s
”.
T
h
ese
o
s
cillatio
n
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
o
f
a
lin
e
-
co
m
m
u
ta
ted
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
b
y
t
w
o
p
h
ase
s
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it.
Du
e
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
f
e
ed
in
g
w
ill
s
tar
ted
to
f
l
u
ct
u
ates
in
its
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
t
h
ese
f
r
eq
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e
n
cie
s
i
n
L
V
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
in
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
ev
er
al
k
Hz
u
p
to
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
n
o
tch
e
s
a
n
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
m
a
k
es
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
P
FC
co
n
v
er
ter
in
ad
eq
u
ate
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ated
t
o
its
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
an
d
t
h
is
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
is
s
aid
to
b
e
“
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
”
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
-
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
E
MI
f
ilter
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
s
o
f
d
ev
ices,
t
h
e
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
w
ill
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
letel
y
.
B
o
t
h
f
ilter
ed
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
ilter
ed
s
h
o
w
s
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
n
o
n
-
d
a
m
p
ed
o
s
cil
latio
n
s
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e
t
w
ee
n
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
o
s
ci
llati
o
n
s
.
U
n
f
ilter
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a
n
d
f
ilter
ed
cu
r
r
e
n
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
W
ith
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
,
t
h
e
p
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o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
lu
c
tu
at
io
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s
i
s
s
y
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ch
r
o
n
ized
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d
d
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e
to
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u
ltip
le
la
m
p
s
,
t
h
er
e
w
i
ll
b
e
an
ad
d
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t.
T
h
e
am
p
li
t
u
d
e
o
f
o
s
cillatio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
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e
i
n
la
m
p
s
b
u
t
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
H
ig
h
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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i
g
n
a
ls
t
h
at
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
tch
e
s
ca
n
n
o
t b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Un
f
il
ter
ed
an
d
f
ilte
r
ed
cu
r
r
en
t [
f
ee
d
in
g
a
f
l
u
o
r
esc
en
t la
m
p
]
4
.
3
.
T
i
m
e
f
re
qu
e
ncy
do
m
a
in
a
na
ly
s
is
P
r
ec
is
e
th
an
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
,
a
ti
m
e
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
T
im
e
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
i
s
a
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
o
l
w
h
ic
h
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
f
ield
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
ti
n
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
s
i
g
n
als.
T
i
m
e
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
in
d
icate
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
s
p
ec
tr
al
asp
ec
t
[
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
]
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
t
i
m
e.
No
n
-
s
tatio
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ar
y
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ig
n
als
ar
e
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ig
n
a
ls
w
h
er
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co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
f
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e
n
cie
s
a
r
e
ab
s
en
t
all
th
e
ti
m
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th
e
g
i
v
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i
g
n
al.
T
o
an
al
y
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t
h
ese
s
i
g
n
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s
u
c
h
a
s
a
v
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ltag
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r
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r
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en
t,
w
e
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ee
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to
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s
e
a
m
u
lti
-
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
T
FR
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
an
y
n
o
n
-
s
tat
io
n
ar
y
s
ig
n
al
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
a
j
o
in
t ti
m
e
-
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
d
o
m
es
tic
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p
lian
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a
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also
f
r
o
m
C
en
tr
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P
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i
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er
ter
,
Sh
o
r
t
ti
m
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Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
ST
FT
]
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
f
r
o
m
ST
FT
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
a
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
th
e
Sp
ec
tr
o
g
r
a
m
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
w
i
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to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
ST
FT
h
as
s
o
m
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es a
b
o
u
t
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
r
ep
r
ese
n
tatio
n
[
2
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
: 1
3
2
–
141
140
4
.
4
.
M
it
i
g
a
t
io
n m
ea
s
ures
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
Fro
m
a
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
i
g
n
al,
b
y
u
s
in
g
Un
if
o
r
m
R
an
d
o
m
No
is
e
m
eth
o
d
,
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
n
b
e
r
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ce
d
.
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u
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it
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s
ev
er
al
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
a
n
d
it
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
m
p
letel
y
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
is
li
m
ita
tio
n
,
F
u
zz
y
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
is
s
i
m
p
le
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
b
asi
s
o
f
f
i
v
e
r
u
les:
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t o
u
tp
u
t
w
i
ll b
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e,
if
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t i
n
p
u
t i
s
lo
w
er
a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
p
u
t i
s
m
ed
i
u
m
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t o
u
tp
u
t
w
i
ll b
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e,
if
t
h
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f
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s
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n
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s
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th
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o
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d
in
p
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s
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er
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t o
u
tp
u
t
w
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ll b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e,
if
th
e
f
ir
s
t i
n
p
u
t i
s
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
p
u
t i
s
lo
w
er
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t o
u
tp
u
t
w
i
ll b
e
p
o
s
itiv
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th
e
f
ir
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n
p
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s
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ig
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t
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ll b
e
ze
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o
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ata
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y
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e
i
m
p
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t
t
h
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m
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th
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,
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zz
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in
its
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e
n
t
is
co
n
s
id
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to
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e
a
m
aj
o
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p
r
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lem
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B
u
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a
s
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tan
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le
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u
zz
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g
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tr
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ls
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e
u
s
ed
to
m
in
i
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ize
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h
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y
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te
m
f
a
u
lt
o
r
er
r
o
r
to
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e.
Fo
r
r
ed
u
cin
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m
i
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elo
w
2
k
Hz,
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e
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P
W
M
tech
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e
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ar
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.
T
h
e
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a
m
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h
o
ld
s
f
o
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o
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er
tech
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i
q
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e
lik
e
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e
h
y
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ter
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s
co
n
tr
o
l.
I
ts
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s
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is
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P
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t
h
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en
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ies
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in
R
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Fre
q
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en
c
y
r
an
g
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
w
itc
h
in
g
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
i
x
ed
d
u
t
y
,
r
a
n
d
o
m
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
v
ar
iab
le
d
u
t
y
,
r
an
d
o
m
P
W
M,
an
d
r
an
d
o
m
p
u
l
s
e
p
o
s
itio
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
R
P
P
M
is
s
a
m
e
as
th
a
t
o
f
cl
ass
ical
P
W
M.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
s
ta
r
tin
g
at
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
ea
ch
c
y
cle,
th
e
p
u
ls
e
p
o
s
itio
n
i
s
s
eq
u
e
n
tia
ll
y
w
i
th
i
n
ea
c
h
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
w
it
ch
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
R
P
W
M
allo
w
s
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
e
b
u
t
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
is
s
a
m
e
a
s
t
h
at
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
.
T
o
d
ay
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
a
ilab
le
r
an
d
o
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
R
C
FMFD.
T
h
is
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
“
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
tech
n
iq
u
e”
[
1
5
]
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
r
ev
ie
w
ed
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
n
2
-
1
5
0
k
Hz
r
an
g
e.
D
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
co
n
c
er
n
in
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
an
d
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
g
en
e
r
atio
n
.
Su
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
,
SH
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
,
L
E
D,
C
F
L
etc.
T
h
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ics
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
s
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
m
ai
n
l
y
d
u
e
to
v
u
l
g
ar
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
elec
tr
i
c
g
r
id
s
th
at
p
er
s
u
ad
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
P
o
w
er
L
i
n
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
th
at
ar
e
d
r
iv
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
n
al
e
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ev
ice
its
el
f
.
Seco
n
d
ar
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
h
ic
h
is
d
r
iv
e
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
t
er
n
al
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
o
th
er
d
ev
i
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
i
n
cl
u
d
es:
th
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ain
a
n
d
th
e
ti
m
e
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ain
p
r
o
m
o
tes,
ea
s
y
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
lev
els
an
d
also
its
v
ar
iatio
n
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
is
id
ea
ll
y
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
in
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al.
P
r
ec
is
e
t
h
an
ti
m
e,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ain
,
a
ti
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
i
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
th
e
s
u
p
r
ah
ar
m
o
n
ic
e
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
i
s
s
i
m
p
le
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
er
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
”Sp
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
tech
n
iq
u
e”
is
also
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
P
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
it c
an
ac
t a
s
a
k
e
y
to
m
it
ig
ate
d
is
to
r
tio
n
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
issu
e
s
in
th
e
e
le
c
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
re
,”
T
h
e
e
lec
tricity
jo
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l.
29
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
pp.
49
-
61
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
A
n
g
u
lo
,
I.
,
A
rrin
d
a
,
A
.
,
F
e
rn
á
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d
e
z
,
I.
,
Uri
b
e
-
P
é
re
z
,
N.,
A
re
c
h
a
ld
e
,
I.
,
He
rn
á
n
d
e
z
,
L
.
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
n
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
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o
n
-
in
te
n
ti
o
n
a
l
e
m
issio
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s
a
b
o
v
e
2
k
Hz
,”
In
2
0
1
6
IEE
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In
ter
n
a
ti
o
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a
l
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n
e
rg
y
Co
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fer
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(
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RGY
CON)
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H.,
Rib
e
ir
o
,
P
.
F
.
,
L
a
rss
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,
E.
A
.
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&
L
u
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d
m
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k
,
C.
M
.
,
“
L
i
m
it
s
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
isto
rti
o
n
in
th
e
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
2
to
9
k
Hz
,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
23
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
1
-
1
4
8
7
,
2
0
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
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A
r
ev
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eq
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2
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5
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kHz ra
n
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(
To
min
a
Th
o
ma
s
)
141
[4
]
S
m
it
h
,
J.,
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
B
o
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
M
e
y
e
r,
J.,
Blan
c
o
,
A
.
,
Ko
o
,
K.
L
.
,
&
M
u
sh
a
m
a
li
r
w
a
,
D.
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
so
lar
p
o
w
e
r
–
re
su
lt
s
f
ro
m
CI
G
RE
JWG
C4
/C6
,
”
CIRE
D
-
Op
e
n
Acc
e
ss
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
0
9
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8
1
3
,
2
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.
[5
]
L
a
rss
o
n
,
E.
O.
A
.
,
&
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H.
J.
,
“
Em
issio
n
a
n
d
imm
u
n
it
y
o
f
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
2
t
o
1
5
0
k
Hz
,”
In
2
0
0
9
IEE
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B
u
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h
a
re
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o
we
rTec
h
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[6
]
L
a
rss
o
n
,
A
.
,
“
On
h
ig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
isto
rti
o
n
i
n
lo
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
s
(Do
c
to
ra
l
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
L
u
leå
tek
n
isk
a
u
n
ive
rs
it
e
t
)
,
2
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1
.
[7
]
A
b
d
u
l
M
a
n
n
a
n
,
D.
K.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
M
a
h
ro
o
s
h
Ba
n
d
a
y
,
“
A
S
tu
d
y
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
L
in
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
”
,
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l
.
4
n
o
.
7
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
S
taff
,
B.
S
.
I.
,
“
S
ig
n
a
ll
in
g
o
n
L
o
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
s
in
th
e
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ra
n
g
e
3
KH
z
to
1
4
8
.
5
Kh
z
,”
Imm
u
n
it
y
Req
u
ire
me
n
ts
fo
r
M
a
in
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Eq
u
ip
me
n
t
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
in
th
e
Ra
n
g
e
o
f
Fre
q
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n
c
ies
3
KHz
to
9
5
KHz
a
n
d
I
n
ten
d
e
d
f
o
r Us
e
b
y
El
e
c
tricity S
u
p
p
li
e
rs
a
n
d
Distrib
u
t
o
rs
.
BS
I
S
tan
d
a
rd
s,
2
0
0
3
.
[9
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
&
L
a
rss
o
n
,
A
.
“
Em
issio
n
f
ro
m
s
m
a
ll
sc
a
le
P
V
-
in
sta
ll
a
t
io
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
lo
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
rid
,”
In
th
e
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
ies
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r Qu
a
li
ty Jo
u
rn
a
l
(
RE
&
PQJ
)
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
Da
r
m
a
wa
rd
a
n
a
,
D.,
P
e
re
ra
,
S
.
,
R
o
b
i
n
so
n
,
D.,
Ciu
f
o
,
P
.
,
M
e
y
e
r,
J.,
Kla
tt
,
M
.
,
&
Ja
y
a
tu
n
g
a
,
U.
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
h
ig
h
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
e
m
issio
n
s
(su
p
ra
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
s
m
a
ll
,
g
rid
-
ti
e
d
,
p
h
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to
v
o
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a
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in
v
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o
f
d
iff
e
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to
p
o
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g
ies
,"
In
2
0
1
8
1
8
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
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o
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Ha
rm
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
P
o
we
r (
ICHQ
P)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
Kla
tt
,
M
.
,
M
e
y
e
r,
J.,
S
c
h
e
g
n
e
r,
P
.
,
&
L
a
k
e
n
b
rin
k
,
C.
,
“
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
su
p
ra
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
e
m
issio
n
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
s
m
a
ll
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic i
n
v
e
rters
,
”
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
Ro
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
W
a
h
lb
e
rg
,
M
.
,
B
o
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
L
a
rss
o
n
,
A
.
,
&
L
u
n
d
m
a
rk
,
M
.
,
“
M
e
a
su
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m
e
n
ts
o
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in
ter
a
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ti
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tw
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ip
m
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t
h
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e
9
to
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5
k
Hz
,”
In
CIR
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2
0
0
9
-
2
0
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h
In
ter
n
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ti
o
n
a
l
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o
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fer
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n
d
Ex
h
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it
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o
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c
tricity Distrib
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-
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1
,
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p
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1
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4
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2
0
0
9
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3
]
L
a
rss
o
n
,
E.
O.
A
.
,
&
B
o
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H.
J.
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
re
su
lt
f
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m
1
t
o
4
8
f
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lam
p
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th
e
f
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2
to
1
5
0
k
Hz
,”
In
Pro
c
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d
i
n
g
s
o
f
1
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
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rm
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s
a
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d
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
Po
we
r
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ICHQ
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2
0
1
0
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IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
K.,
&
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H
.
,
“
Em
issio
n
f
ro
m
f
o
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r
ty
p
e
s
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f
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D
la
m
p
s
a
t
f
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e
q
u
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n
c
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u
p
to
1
5
0
k
Hz
,”
In
2012
IEE
E
1
5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
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e
n
c
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o
n
H
a
rm
o
n
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a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
Po
we
r
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
4
5
1
-
4
5
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
K.,
G
il
-
d
e
Ca
stro
,
A
.
,
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H.
,
M
o
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o
-
M
u
n
o
z
,
A
.
,
&
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m
e
ro
-
Ca
d
a
v
a
l,
E.
,
“
S
u
p
ra
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
f
ro
m
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
v
e
rter
s
,”
In
2
0
1
5
9
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
a
ti
b
il
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y
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
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(
CPE
)
,
p
p
.
5
3
9
-
5
4
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
M
a
li
n
o
w
sk
i,
M
.
,
G
o
p
a
k
u
m
a
r,
K.,
Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
,
J.,
&
P
e
re
z
,
M
.
A
.
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
c
a
sc
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d
e
d
m
u
lt
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e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
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u
stri
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l
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,
v
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l.
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.
7
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p
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2
1
9
7
-
2
2
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6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
7
]
M
o
re
n
o
-
M
u
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o
z
,
A
.
,
G
il
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de
-
Ca
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o
,
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.
,
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m
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d
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l,
E.
,
Rö
n
n
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rg
,
S
.
,
&
Bo
ll
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n
,
M
.
,
“
S
u
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rm
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n
ics
(2
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k
Hz
)
a
n
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m
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In
2
0
1
5
I
EE
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5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
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fer
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c
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n
P
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g
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n
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,
En
e
rg
y
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n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
Dr
ive
s (
POW
ER
ENG)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
3
7
-
41
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
L
a
rss
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n
,
A
.
,
Bo
ll
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n
,
M
.
,
&
S
c
h
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n
,
J.
L
.
“
A
si
m
p
le
m
o
d
e
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f
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ti
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tw
e
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n
e
q
u
ip
m
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n
t
a
t
a
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
so
m
e
ten
s o
f
k
H
z
,”
In
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tricity Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
9
]
Rö
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
&
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
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ts
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f
p
ri
m
a
r
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n
d
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
e
m
issio
n
in
th
e
su
p
ra
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
,
2
-
1
5
0
k
Hz
,”
In
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
h
ib
i
ti
o
n
o
n
El
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c
tricity Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
0
]
L
a
rss
o
n
,
E.
A
.
,
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
H.,
W
a
h
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e
rg
,
M
.
G
.
,
L
u
n
d
m
a
rk
,
C.
M
.
,
&
Ro
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
K.
“
M
e
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su
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m
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ts
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h
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y
(2
–
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0
k
Hz
)
d
isto
rt
io
n
in
l
o
w
-
v
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lt
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g
e
n
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t
w
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rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
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l.
25
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
9
-
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5
7
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2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
Un
g
e
r,
C.
,
Krü
g
e
r,
K.,
S
o
n
n
e
n
sc
h
e
in
,
M
.
,
Zu
r
o
w
sk
i,
R.
,
“
Distu
rb
a
n
c
e
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d
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to
v
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lt
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g
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d
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rt
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n
th
e
k
Hz
ra
n
g
e
-
Ex
p
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rien
c
e
s a
n
d
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
m
e
a
s
u
re
s
,”
1
8
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
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c
tricity Distrib
u
t
io
n
,
p
p
.
6
-
9
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
2
]
S
u
n
,
J.
,
“
De
m
y
sti
fy
in
g
z
e
ro
-
c
ro
ss
in
g
d
isto
r
ti
o
n
i
n
si
n
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
P
F
C
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,”
In
2
0
0
2
IEE
E
3
3
rd
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ia
li
sts C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
9
-
1
1
1
4
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
3
]
Kim
,
J.
W
.
,
Ch
o
i,
S
.
M
.
,
&
Kim
,
K.
T
.
,
“
V
a
riab
le o
n
-
ti
m
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
th
e
c
rit
ica
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
b
o
o
st p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
im
p
ro
v
e
z
e
ro
-
c
ro
ss
in
g
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
,”
I
n
2
0
0
5
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
s S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
2
-
1
5
4
6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
4
]
Bo
ll
e
n
,
M
.
,
Ho
o
sh
y
a
r,
H.,
&
R
o
n
n
b
e
rg
,
S
.
,
“
S
p
re
a
d
o
f
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
u
rre
n
t
e
m
issio
n
,
”
2
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
h
ib
i
ti
o
n
o
n
E
lec
tricity Distrib
u
ti
o
n
(
CIRE
D 2
0
1
3
),
2
0
1
3
.
[2
5
]
Ch
o
re
,
H.,
M
u
rk
u
te,
H.
,
&
Bh
o
m
b
e
,
R.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
S
u
p
ra
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Its
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
b
y
Us
in
g
No
v
e
l
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
si
o
n
s i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
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