I
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rna
t
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l J
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f
Adv
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d Science
s
(
I
J
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Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
3
1
~
4
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I
SS
N:
2252
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8814
31
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I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
7
:
32
–
41
32
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n
e
r
.
E
-
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
h
as
b
u
ilt
t
h
e
e
-
Go
v
P
GR
-
P
u
b
lic
Gr
iev
an
ce
a
n
d
R
ed
r
ess
al
ap
p
licatio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
ci
tizen
s
ca
n
r
e
g
is
te
r
th
eir
co
m
p
lai
n
ts
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
,
eith
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et,
p
h
o
n
e,
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
ap
er
-
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
y
s
te
m
as
s
ig
n
s
a
C
o
m
p
l
ain
t N
u
m
b
er
,
w
h
ic
h
th
e
y
ca
n
u
s
e
to
tr
ac
k
a
n
d
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
la
in
ts
r
ed
r
ess
al.
C
o
m
p
lai
n
ts
ar
e
also
au
to
-
r
o
u
ted
to
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ed
r
ess
al
o
f
f
ic
er
.
I
f
co
m
p
lai
n
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
r
ed
r
ess
ed
w
ith
in
t
h
e
allo
tted
ti
m
e
th
e
y
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
g
et
e
s
ca
lated
to
a
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
f
icer
.
T
h
e
s
alie
n
t f
ea
t
u
r
es a
r
e:
a.
C
o
m
p
lai
n
ts
t
y
p
es st
r
u
ct
u
r
ed
to
en
ab
le
b
etter
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
ass
i
g
n
m
en
t.
b.
I
n
ter
f
ac
es to
I
n
ter
n
et,
P
h
o
n
e,
a
n
d
W
alk
-
I
n
w
it
h
P
ap
er
-
Fo
r
m
.
c.
C
itize
n
is
as
s
i
g
n
ed
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
g
e
n
er
ated
C
o
m
p
la
in
t
-
I
D
a
n
d
ca
n
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
co
m
p
lai
n
t.
d.
R
ep
o
r
ts
-
R
ic
h
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
o
th
at
citizen
s
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
d
e
p
ar
tm
e
n
t
w
i
s
e
co
m
p
lai
n
t
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
,
w
ar
d
w
i
s
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
as
w
el
l
as
GI
S
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
at
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lai
n
t
s
o
v
er
th
e
ci
t
y
.
A
d
v
a
n
ce
f
ea
t
u
r
es
s
u
c
h
au
to
-
r
o
u
ti
n
g
th
at
en
ab
le
s
co
m
p
lai
n
ts
to
b
e
r
o
u
ted
to
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ed
r
ess
al
o
f
f
icer
an
d
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
,
SMS a
ler
ts
a
n
d
au
to
escalatio
n
ar
e
b
u
ilt i
n
t
o
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
.
1
.
1
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
s
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
liter
at
u
r
es t
h
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t till d
ate
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
f
o
u
n
d
r
elev
an
t
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
y
.
Mo
h
a
m
m
ed
an
d
Hass
o
n
[
2
]
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
d
ata
w
ar
eh
o
u
s
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
m
etad
ata
co
m
m
o
n
w
ar
eh
o
u
s
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
’
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t.
As
s
u
c
h
it
in
c
r
ea
s
es
s
h
ar
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
’
s
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
its
el
f
an
d
w
it
h
o
th
er
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
ies
’
d
ep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
ela
y
an
d
s
tr
e
n
g
th
e
n
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
s
h
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t.
R
en
u
s
h
e
e
t
al.
[3
]
h
av
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
ed
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ata
m
in
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
s
er
v
ices
to
r
ed
u
ce
cr
i
m
e
i
n
cid
en
ce
s
in
th
e
p
o
lice
s
tatio
n
s
j
u
r
is
d
ictio
n
.
C
r
i
m
e
i
n
v
esti
g
ati
o
n
h
as
v
er
y
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
o
f
p
o
lice
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
an
y
co
u
n
tr
y
.
A
l
m
o
s
t
all
p
o
lic
e
s
tatio
n
s
u
s
e
th
e
C
I
P
A
s
y
s
te
m
t
o
s
to
r
e
an
d
r
etr
iev
e
th
e
cr
i
m
e
s
an
d
cr
i
m
i
n
al
d
ata
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t r
ep
o
r
tin
g
.
Ma
m
p
illi
et
al.
[
4
]
s
t
u
d
ied
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
at
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
e
n
cie
s
ali
k
e
ar
e
co
m
i
n
g
to
s
lo
w
l
y
r
ea
lize
th
at
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
-
b
ased
s
e
ar
ch
is
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
Se
m
a
n
tic
w
eb
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
Se
m
a
n
tic
W
eb
w
ill
b
e
r
ea
lized
o
n
ce
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
s
tar
t
cr
ea
tin
g
Se
m
an
tic
W
eb
en
ab
le
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ag
e
n
ts
t
h
at
co
llect
w
eb
co
n
ten
t
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
s
o
u
r
c
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
r
esu
l
ts
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Se
m
a
n
tic
W
eb
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
an
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
m
a
k
es
ar
ti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
m
o
r
e
f
ea
s
ib
le.
Ka
r
th
ik
a
a
n
d
R
a
n
g
ar
aj
[
5
]
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
m
o
r
es/
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
e
s
u
l
ts
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
/s
t
u
d
en
ts
r
elate
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
as
well
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al.
T
h
is
w
ill
h
elp
to
k
ee
p
a
lo
o
k
at
o
n
th
e
in
s
t
itu
te
in
i
s
o
lated
ar
ea
s
an
d
ass
is
t
t
h
e
m
i
n
th
eir
f
u
ll
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
.
I
t
r
em
o
v
e
s
th
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
elo
ca
tio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
ee
d
les
s
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
b
y
I
n
ter
li
n
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
/
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
ac
ilit
a
te
n
o
r
m
al
u
p
d
atin
g
o
f
co
r
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
A
l
A
j
m
i
et
a
l.
[6
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
to
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
W
eb
Ser
v
ice
s
o
n
th
e
e
-
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ai
n
,
b
ec
au
s
e
W
eb
Ser
v
ice
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
lex
c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
d
is
t
an
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
ese
d
ay
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
e
-
L
ea
r
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
b
y
u
ti
lizi
n
g
o
f
W
eb
u
s
ag
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
.
Mo
r
0
7
/e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
to
o
ls
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
in
ter
n
et
c
u
s
to
m
er
’
s
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
to
b
o
o
s
t
s
ale
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
it,
b
u
t
n
o
s
u
c
h
to
o
ls
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
lear
n
er
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
e
-
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
.
Mo
h
ar
a
n
a
et
al.
[
7
]
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
i
s
s
u
es
a
n
d
ch
al
len
g
es
an
d
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
to
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
alo
n
g
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
E
-
Go
v
er
n
an
ce
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
an
d
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
b
ar
r
ier
s
.
Das
a
n
d
P
atr
a
[
8
]
p
r
esen
t
ed
a
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
o
r
ien
t
ed
p
ar
ad
ig
m
f
o
r
b
u
ild
i
n
g
E
-
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
ey
al
s
o
f
o
r
m
alize
co
n
ce
p
ts
lik
e
s
er
v
ice
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
s
er
v
ice
co
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
g
r
ed
ien
ts
o
f
th
e
ir
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
th
e
s
eq
u
el
th
e
y
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
E
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Gu
d
av
all
i
et
al.
[9
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
b
i
o
m
etr
ic
au
th
e
n
t
icatio
n
in
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
er
v
ices
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
el
y
o
v
er
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
.
T
h
e
y
also
p
r
esen
ted
,
E
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
is
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
&
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
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Desai
[
1
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d
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tr
ates
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DM
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ev
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.
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v
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.
R
ao
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d
De
y
[
1
2
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
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h
o
w
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x
t
-
m
in
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tec
h
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tex
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B
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1
3
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p
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T
h
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m
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ce
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T
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I
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d
r
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s
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ciet
y
,
k
n
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g
e
is
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e
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s
t
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t
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f
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a
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.
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ce
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Kn
o
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led
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P
r
ag
m
atic
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o
f
Data
b
ase
s
y
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eh
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Kn
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n
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g
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m
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t
tech
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o
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g
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ca
n
co
n
tr
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u
te
a
lo
t
to
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n
s
u
p
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o
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t
s
y
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te
m
s
in
E
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o
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d
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n
d
atab
ases
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w
ell
-
d
ef
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ed
p
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o
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s
s
co
n
s
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ti
n
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o
f
s
e
v
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d
is
tin
ct
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s
.
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g
is
t
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e
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s
tep
,
w
h
ic
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esu
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s
in
t
h
e
d
is
co
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y
o
f
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d
en
b
u
t
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k
n
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e
f
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m
m
as
s
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d
atab
ases
.
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f
o
r
m
al
d
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n
itio
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Kn
o
w
led
g
e
d
i
s
co
v
er
y
in
d
atab
ases
is
g
i
v
e
n
as:
“Da
ta
m
i
n
in
g
i
s
t
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tr
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v
ial
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x
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y
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k
n
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w
n
an
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p
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tiall
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f
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f
o
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m
atio
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ab
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t
d
ata”
.
Data
m
in
i
n
g
tec
h
n
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p
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o
v
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ap
p
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to
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p
atter
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d
ata.
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d
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co
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k
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w
led
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e
ca
n
b
e
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ed
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y
t
h
e
E
-
g
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n
a
n
ce
ad
m
in
is
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s
to
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m
p
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o
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th
e
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alit
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f
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T
r
a
d
itio
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all
y
,
d
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is
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n
m
a
k
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g
in
E
-
g
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v
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ce
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
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m
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n
,
less
o
n
s
lear
n
t
i
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th
e
p
as
t
r
eso
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s
an
d
f
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n
d
s
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
d
ata
m
i
n
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
cr
ea
te
k
n
o
w
led
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e
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ic
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
An
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
m
a
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
K
n
o
w
led
g
e
Dis
co
v
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y
i
n
d
atab
ases
(
KDD
)
w
i
th
th
e
h
e
lp
o
f
a
s
k
il
led
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
w
h
o
h
as
g
o
o
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
.
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ca
n
b
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
at
w
o
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k
i
n
g
w
i
th
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l p
atter
n
an
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
tr
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s
o
lu
tio
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s
.
An
al
y
s
t a
n
d
p
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m
ak
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s
ca
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le
ar
n
le
s
s
o
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s
f
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m
th
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in
o
t
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in
d
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ie
s
E
-
g
o
v
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n
a
n
ce
d
ata
ar
e
m
as
s
i
v
e.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
ce
n
tr
i
c
d
ata,
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
d
ata
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
ed
d
ata.
E
-
g
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o
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g
an
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s
m
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s
t
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to
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ata.
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ter
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s
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in
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s
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m
p
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t a
n
d
cr
it
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q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
elate
d
to
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
[
1
4
]
.
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
D
is
co
v
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y
i
n
E
-
g
o
v
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n
a
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ce
:
Data
m
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g
is
a
n
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s
s
e
n
tial
s
tep
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
i
s
co
v
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y
.
I
n
r
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n
t
y
ea
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s
i
t
h
a
s
attr
ac
ted
g
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ea
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d
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l
o
f
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ter
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d
u
s
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n
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d
is
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p
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s
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
iter
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
,
d
ata
in
te
g
r
atio
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,
d
ata
s
elec
tio
n
,
d
ata
m
i
n
i
n
g
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
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an
d
k
n
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led
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esen
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n
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ar
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ata
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i
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g
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a
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co
m
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li
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o
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ter
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l
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al
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is
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v
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ter
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ely
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atic
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it
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s
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izatio
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a
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l,
d
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ib
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ted
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tai
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[
1
5
]
.
Fo
r
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On
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(
OL
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[
1
6
]
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
is
n
o
t
i
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r
ated
f
o
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k
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atter
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C
r
itical
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o
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clo
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d
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m
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w
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ad
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a
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[
1
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]
.
E
la
ac
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[
1
8
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h
av
e
ca
r
r
ied
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t
s
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esig
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1
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34
Fig
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r
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1
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Data
Min
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d
d
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ak
in
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.
1
.
2
.
P
ro
ble
m
I
dentif
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
f
I
n
d
ia,
lik
e
all
o
v
er
th
e
w
o
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ld
,
h
a
s
b
eg
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in
v
e
s
ti
n
g
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
m
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an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
b
eh
in
d
th
e
s
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
is
to
i
m
p
r
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v
e
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f
f
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cie
n
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y
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
f
u
n
c
tio
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b
y
,
esp
e
ciall
y
e
n
ab
li
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citize
n
ce
n
tr
ic
s
er
v
ice
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
is
s
u
e
w
h
ic
h
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ap
ar
t
f
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ab
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en
tio
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s
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T
h
e
A
b
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e
m
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tio
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s
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n
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a
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ar
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ce
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ed
t
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e
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n
ee
d
m
o
r
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f
o
c
u
s
to
r
eso
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e
th
e
i
s
s
u
e.
So
m
e
o
f
tech
n
ical
is
s
u
e
s
r
elate
d
to
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
ar
e
:
a.
T
ec
h
n
ical
I
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t b
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
b.
C
o
llectio
n
o
f
L
ar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
d
ata
c.
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
So
th
at
ac
cu
r
ate
Dec
is
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
d.
On
li
n
e
S
u
p
p
o
r
t to
all
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
t o
f
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t o
r
g
a
n
izat
i
o
n
e.
R
etr
iev
al
o
f
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l D
ata
f.
P
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l d
ata
s
o
f
ast d
ec
is
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
E
-
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
,
me
a
n
i
n
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
-
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
h
as
e
v
o
lv
ed
as
an
in
f
o
r
m
at
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n
a
g
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
g
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v
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n
a
n
ce
t
h
at
s
ee
k
s
to
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ea
lize
p
r
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s
s
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
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r
e
f
o
r
h
ar
s
h
e
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i
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g
t
h
e
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o
ten
tial
ities
o
f
in
f
o
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m
atio
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&
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m
m
u
n
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tec
h
n
o
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ies
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m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
to
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t
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ap
p
r
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p
r
iate
tech
n
o
lo
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ies
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h
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ce
g
o
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m
e
n
tal
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s
h
ip
s
in
o
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d
er
t
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en
co
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r
ag
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th
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f
air
&
e
f
f
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d
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o
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s
.
T
h
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I
C
T
m
o
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s
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e
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w
tech
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g
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ain
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n
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g
o
v
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n
m
e
n
t
o
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g
a
n
izat
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.
So
m
e
o
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t
h
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e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
w
h
ic
h
i
s
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y
p
o
p
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ar
tech
n
o
lo
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n
o
w
-
a
-
d
a
y
s
.
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n
cr
ea
s
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g
l
y
,
g
o
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m
en
t
o
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izatio
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e
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g
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r
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IJ
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35
b
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ttlen
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k
o
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ap
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v
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ic
ap
p
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ac
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lo
ca
l
m
ac
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e.
A
n
ar
c
h
itect
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h
as
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as
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g
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p
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ata
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b
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co
r
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ates th
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asic
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as t
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e
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s
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u
s
in
g
v
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s
t
y
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o
f
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ata.
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h
e
d
ata
m
a
y
b
e
in
te
x
t
f
o
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m
a
t
o
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im
ag
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f
o
r
m
at
o
r
in
o
th
er
m
u
l
ti
m
ed
ia
f
o
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m
ats.
Ho
w
e
v
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,
f
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s
in
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s
in
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p
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,
w
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s
id
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th
at
th
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ata
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in
tex
t
f
o
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m
at
o
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l
y
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v
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u
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u
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ig
h
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ctu
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in
s
ize
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to
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m
an
y
s
o
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ts
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f
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al
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o
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it.
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r
eo
v
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,
p
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f
o
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m
i
n
g
co
n
v
e
n
tio
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d
atam
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tec
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l
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co
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p
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tatio
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.
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ce
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h
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ap
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,
w
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tr
y
to
b
u
ild
a
co
m
p
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tatio
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co
s
t
e
f
f
icien
t
m
o
d
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s
i
n
g
n
o
v
el
d
ata
m
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n
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n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Do
cu
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t
cl
u
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ter
in
g
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s
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e
n
ab
li
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g
tech
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licatio
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ch
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s
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o
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s
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f
ilter
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ti
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,
to
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tr
ac
k
in
g
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d
n
e
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v
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t
d
etec
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.
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o
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ay
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d
y
n
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m
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s
tr
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clu
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ter
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ig
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t
ch
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t
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3.
RE
S
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ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
O
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
at
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ar
ch
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r
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o
f
th
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p
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ed
s
tu
d
y
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as
s
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wn
as b
elo
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b
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Fig
u
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2
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Sch
e
m
atic
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r
ch
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tect
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r
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o
f
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u
d
y
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h
e
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r
elate
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ter
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s
to
d
o
cu
m
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t
s
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an
d
s
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ce
d
if
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t
ter
m
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d
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f
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n
t
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m
p
o
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tan
ce
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a
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d
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en
t,
a
ter
m
w
eig
h
t
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
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ter
m
.
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h
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ter
m
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ts
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n
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f
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t
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en
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o
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a
ter
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in
a
d
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et
o
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s
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ter
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s
h
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n
p
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ed
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s
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s
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s
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m
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t
t
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d
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et
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ilab
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tatic.
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r
in
s
ta
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o
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to
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s
e
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lar
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Fre
q
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–
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n
v
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t
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(
T
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)
ap
p
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ter
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at
least
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(
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.
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y
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its
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ap
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w
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s
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ata
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tr
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m
s
m
u
s
t
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l
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ti
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e.
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n
e
w
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n
t,
t
h
is
l
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m
itatio
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ate
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c
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t
f
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c
y
o
f
m
a
n
y
ter
m
s
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n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
all
p
r
ev
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s
l
y
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e
n
er
ated
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m
w
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h
t
s
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ee
d
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ec
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r
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o
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m
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t
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in
a
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ata
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m
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th
e
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m
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tatio
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l
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m
p
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s
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2
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,
as
s
u
m
i
n
g
th
a
t
t
h
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ter
m
s
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ac
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M
p
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m
en
t
is
m
u
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le
s
s
t
h
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th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
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m
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ts
.
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er
w
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s
e,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
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tat
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al
co
m
p
le
x
it
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s
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N
2
Mlo
g
M)
,
w
h
er
e
O(
Mlo
g
M
)
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
p
d
ate
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d
o
cu
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
id
e
r
s
th
at
d
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f
f
er
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n
t
o
n
li
n
e
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s
er
s
g
iv
e
s
f
ee
d
s
r
elate
d
to
s
o
cial
g
r
iev
a
n
ce
is
s
u
es
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
o
n
l
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civ
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n
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et
w
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f
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m
.
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n
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th
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tu
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y
co
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all
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c
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i
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k
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et
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k
.
As
ci
v
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n
’
s
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ee
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b
ac
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tain
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
2
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8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
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6
,
No
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1
,
Ma
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ch
2
0
1
7
:
32
–
41
36
to
g
r
iev
an
ce
w
ill
d
i
f
f
er
h
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l
y
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o
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e
to
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s
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te
m
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co
n
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to
h
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v
e
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i
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h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
is
s
i
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g
d
ata,
n
o
is
y
d
ata,
o
r
u
n
a
m
b
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g
u
o
u
s
d
ata,
w
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ich
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-
p
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s
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b
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in
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co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
ata
m
i
n
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
d
ata
b
ein
g
co
llected
is
s
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b
j
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ted
t
o
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
A
P
I
s
f
o
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tr
ac
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n
o
w
led
g
e
f
r
o
m
u
n
s
tr
u
c
tu
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ed
d
ata.
T
h
e
an
ticip
ated
is
s
u
e
s
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ar
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h
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g
h
l
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lik
el
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to
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cc
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r
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h
e
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ata
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m
as
s
i
v
e
an
d
h
ig
h
l
y
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
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r
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.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ea
s
es
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
b
y
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
th
er
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
tex
t
f
ile
w
ith
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
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d
at
a.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ca
p
tu
r
es
t
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
r
o
w
an
d
c
h
ec
k
f
o
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n
o
i
s
y
d
ata
e
n
d
in
g
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
d
ata
cle
an
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
A
P
I
is
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
i
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g
j
av
a
th
at
p
er
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o
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m
s
ex
t
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th
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ter
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en
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w
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m
p
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i
m
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la
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ti
m
e.
A
l
s
o
,
it
s
h
o
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ld
b
e
n
o
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d
th
at
t
h
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d
ata
ar
e
h
ig
h
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d
is
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ib
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ted
t
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e,
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th
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s
y
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m
i
s
d
ev
elo
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cu
s
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aster
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f
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d
ata
m
in
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o
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ith
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s
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tco
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o
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at
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o
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n
d
in
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m
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4.
RE
SU
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h
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p
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3
2
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p
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ed
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y
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te
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s
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esig
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atab
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p
t
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f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
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o
n
l
in
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ci
v
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ian
’
s
g
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n
ce
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ap
p
licatio
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s
.
T
h
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ataset
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n
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i
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f
1
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,
0
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civ
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lian
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Fi
g
u
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.
3
)
w
h
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th
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m
at
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d
ata
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g
.
P
DF,
a
u
d
io
,
v
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A
s
t
h
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tu
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atte
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el
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atin
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s
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d
if
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t
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at
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ata
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ize
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g
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li
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t
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ata
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d
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ct
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
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ig
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3
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ai
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
Mo
d
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37
Fig
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4
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38
A.
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a
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
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N:
2252
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8814
Mo
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39
5.
CO
NCLU
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alg
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r
ith
m
s
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f
r
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c
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ata
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ltip
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.
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g
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ativ
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ilia
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s
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h
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to
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l
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th
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ter
o
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s
an
d
s
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o
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ad
ic
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o
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m
at
io
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e
n
er
ated
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u
s
s
tate
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lev
el
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m
p
u
ter
iza
tio
n
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r
o
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ec
ts
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th
e
y
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ata
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
g
r
a
n
u
l
ar
it
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
ar
e
h
o
u
s
e.
b.
T
h
ey
ca
n
tak
e
m
icr
o
-
le
v
el
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
a
ti
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el
y
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a
n
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er
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it
h
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t th
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n
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cip
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t
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ls
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h
ey
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er
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o
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ex
te
n
s
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ed
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ati
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lp
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th
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m
to
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late
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o
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ef
f
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tiv
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s
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ateg
ies
an
d
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o
licies
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citize
n
f
ac
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at
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e.
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h
ey
ar
e
t
h
e
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lti
m
ate
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o
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e
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te
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elate
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ata.
f.
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h
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n
v
ie
w
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r
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tl
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ed
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s
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lt
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ase
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e
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ce
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g.
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n
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s
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o
t
h
e
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t p
o
licies o
f
t
h
e
s
tate.
T
h
e
w
eb
ac
ce
s
s
to
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
W
ar
eh
o
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s
e
e
n
ab
les
th
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m
to
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ce
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s
th
e
p
u
b
lic
d
o
m
ai
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
an
y
w
h
er
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
Estev
e
z
,
P
.
F
il
lo
tt
ra
n
i
a
n
d
T
.
Ja
n
o
w
sk
i,
"
F
ro
m
e
-
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
t
o
se
a
m
les
s
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
ll
a
b
o
r
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ti
v
e
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Co
mm
e
rc
e
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e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
Co
ll
ECT
e
R
Ib
e
ro
a
m
e
rica
2
0
0
7
,
Co
rd
o
b
a
,
A
rg
e
n
ti
n
a
,
V
o
l
.
1
.
2
0
0
7
[2
]
M
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
a
n
d
A
.
Ha
ss
o
n
,
“
M
e
tad
a
ta
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
E
-
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
M
a
la
y
sia
n
Un
iv
e
rsiti
e
s”
,
IJ
CS
I
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s,
Vo
l.
9
,
Iss
u
e
4
,
No
3
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
2
[3
]
H.
N.
Re
n
u
sh
e
,
P
.
R
.
Ra
sa
l,
A
.
S
.
De
sa
i,
“
Da
ta
M
i
n
in
g
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
f
o
r
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Crim
e
”
,
P
ro
f
.
Ha
n
m
a
n
t
N Re
n
u
sh
e
e
t
a
l
,
In
t
.
J
.
C
o
mp
u
ter
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
&
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
V
o
l
3
(3
),
8
6
5
-
8
7
0
,
2
0
1
2
[4
]
B.
S
.
M
a
m
p
il
li
,
J.
M
e
e
n
a
k
u
m
a
r
i,
“
A
S
tu
d
y
o
n
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
E
-
Go
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
t
h
ro
u
g
h
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
Web
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
W
e
b
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l.
0
1
,
Iss
u
e
.
0
2
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
[5
]
D.
Ka
rth
ik
a
,
R.
Ra
n
g
a
Ra
j,
“
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
b
a
se
d
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
in
In
d
ia
w
it
h
Da
ta
M
in
i
n
g
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
S
R),
V
o
l
.
2
,
Iss
u
e
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
3
[6
]
M
.
F
.
A
lA
j
m
i,
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
A
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
“
S
tu
d
y
in
g
Da
ta
M
in
in
g
a
n
d
Da
ta
W
a
re
h
o
u
si
n
g
w
it
h
Dif
fe
re
n
t
E
-
L
e
a
rn
in
g
S
y
st
em
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
1
,
2
0
1
3
[7
]
Ch
it
ta
Ra
n
ja
n
M
o
h
a
ra
n
a
,
De
b
a
s
ish
Ro
u
t,
“
Ba
rr
ier
s
in
G
o
o
d
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
:
A
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
V
a
rio
u
s
E
-
Go
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
Pro
jec
ts
in
I
n
d
i
a
”
,
Vo
l
u
m
e
3
,
No
.
3
.
1
Qu
a
rter I,
2
0
1
3
[8
]
R.
K.
D
a
s
a
n
d
M
.
R.
P
a
tra,
“
A
S
e
rv
ice
Orie
n
ted
De
sig
n
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
S
y
ste
m
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s (
I
J
IT
CS
)
V
o
l.
3
,
N
o
.
3
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
[9
]
M
.
G
u
d
a
v
a
ll
i,
D.
S
.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
V
.
Ra
ju
,
“
S
e
c
u
rin
g
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
S
e
rv
ice
s
th
ro
u
g
h
Bio
m
e
tri
c
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
c
u
rity
a
n
d
Its
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
V
o
l
.
8
,
No
.
1
(2
0
1
4
),
p
p
.
1
0
3
-
1
1
2
[1
0
]
P
.
De
sa
i,
“
Da
ta
M
in
in
g
P
re
d
ictio
n
Us
in
g
Da
ta
M
in
in
g
Ex
ten
sio
n
s
(DMX
):
A
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
o
n
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
Birt
h
Re
g
istratio
n
Da
ta
M
in
in
g
M
o
d
e
l
”
,
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
AR
ET
),
V
o
l.
5
,
Iss
u
e
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
4
[1
1
]
A
.
El
ia,
D.
V
e
ll
u
ti
n
o
,
F
.
M
a
ra
n
o
,
A
.
M
.
L
a
n
g
e
ll
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
Na
p
o
li
"
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
W
e
b
a
n
d
lan
g
u
a
g
e
re
so
u
rc
e
s
f
o
r
e
-
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t:
li
n
g
u
isti
c
a
ll
y
m
o
ti
v
a
te
d
Da
ta
M
in
in
g
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
W
e
b
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
M
in
in
g
a
n
d
S
e
ma
n
ti
c
s
,
p
p
.
3
1
,
2
0
1
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
7
:
32
–
41
40
[1
2
]
G
.
K.Ra
o
a
n
d
S
.
De
y
,
“
De
c
isio
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
f
o
r
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
:
A
T
e
x
t
M
in
in
g
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
M
IT
)
V
o
l
.
3
,
No
.
3
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
1
[1
3
]
P
.
Bh
a
n
ti
,
U.
Ka
u
sh
a
l,
A
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
“
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
in
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Co
n
c
e
p
t
a
n
d
Ro
le
o
f
Da
t
a
Ware
h
o
u
sin
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
(
0
9
7
5
–
8
8
8
7
)
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
1
[1
4
]
H.
Ka
u
r
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
W
a
sa
n
,
“
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
n
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s o
f
Da
ta
M
in
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
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