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[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
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2252
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8814
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s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
.
P
o
w
er
lo
s
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
in
v
er
ter
is
th
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
t
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
w
h
ic
h
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
m
o
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
h
o
u
ld
,
as
a
b
ase
r
o
le,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
r
ea
ct
to
o
u
tp
u
t
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
/o
r
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
esig
n
cr
iter
ia.
I
n
m
o
s
t
e
lect
r
ic
d
r
iv
es,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
r
iv
in
g
HV
AC
lo
ad
s
,
d
r
iv
e
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
u
all
y
in
l
o
w
-
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
,
lead
in
g
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
d
esig
n
d
r
iv
e
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
[
7
]
.
On
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
a
v
ailab
le
in
d
r
iv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
w
h
ich
o
n
e
ca
n
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
an
d
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
T
h
is
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
d
r
iv
e
f
lu
x
.
Dr
iv
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
te
n
o
p
er
ate
in
f
ix
ed
f
lu
x
r
ates.
O
f
co
u
r
s
e,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
r
iv
e,
its
f
l
u
x
ca
n
b
e
th
o
s
e
o
f
r
o
to
r
,
s
tato
r
an
d
air
g
ap
.
I
n
lo
w
lo
ad
lev
el,
o
p
er
atio
n
in
n
o
m
i
n
al
f
l
u
x
r
esu
lts
i
n
co
r
e
lo
s
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
,
in
t
u
r
n
,
d
r
iv
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
at
d
r
i
v
es
o
p
er
ate
m
o
s
t
l
y
i
n
lo
ad
s
u
n
d
er
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
al
u
e,
th
u
s
,
o
p
ti
m
al
e
f
f
icien
c
y
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
lan
n
i
n
g
o
n
d
r
iv
e
f
l
u
x
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
[
8
]
-
[
1
0
]
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
t
h
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
r
esear
c
h
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
co
n
tr
ar
y
to
t
h
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
w
o
r
k
s
in
liter
at
u
r
e
in
th
is
f
ield
,
a
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
o
f
all
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
r
elate
d
to
f
lu
x
in
d
r
iv
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
ast
r
esear
ch
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
o
b
v
iates
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
i
s
s
u
e
w
h
ic
h
was
p
r
ev
alen
t
in
p
as
t
r
esear
ch
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
b
eh
i
n
d
b
ei
n
g
less
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
i
s
t
h
at
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
G
A
)
,
ar
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
A
NN)
,
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
1
5
]
.
P
ast
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
9
]
r
eq
u
ir
ed
esp
ec
ial
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
p
ec
ial
in
v
er
ter
,
s
p
ec
ial
d
r
i
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
p
ec
ial
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
an
d
etc.
as
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
le
m
en
t
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
th
er
e
ex
is
t
n
o
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
li
m
itat
io
n
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
s
et
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
an
d
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Her
e,
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
b
alan
ce
d
esig
n
is
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
.
An
al
y
s
i
s
is
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
all
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
w
it
h
d
esire
d
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
o
m
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
1
4
]
.
2.
P
O
WE
R
L
O
S
S RE
DUC
T
I
O
N
B
Y
F
L
UX
L
E
VE
L
P
r
in
cip
le
o
f
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
b
ased
o
n
f
lu
x
co
n
tr
o
l
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Flu
x
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
v
ec
to
r
s
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
lo
ad
s
u
n
d
er
n
o
m
i
n
al
lo
ad
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
f
lu
x
lev
e
ls
.
I
n
d
iag
r
a
m
-
a,
m
o
to
r
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
n
o
m
in
al
f
l
u
x
w
h
er
e
s
ta
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
h
i
g
h
w
h
ile
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
is
lo
w
.
T
h
u
s
,
co
r
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
an
d
s
tato
r
co
p
p
er
l
o
s
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
r
o
to
r
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
is
lo
w
.
I
n
d
iag
r
a
m
-
b
,
f
lu
x
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
5
0
%,
lead
i
n
g
to
t
w
ice
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
is
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
r
o
to
r
co
p
p
e
r
lo
s
s
in
cr
ea
s
e.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
esi
g
n
is
d
o
n
e
in
a
w
a
y
th
at
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
i
s
w
it
h
i
n
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
r
eg
io
n
.
So
,
f
l
u
x
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
F
ig
u
r
e1
-
b
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
m
o
t
o
r
m
a
g
n
et
izin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t,
m
o
to
r
w
ill
e
x
er
ted
f
r
o
m
th
is
r
e
g
io
n
,
lead
i
n
g
to
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
f
l
u
x
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
s
tato
r
.
Ov
er
all,
f
u
r
t
h
er
co
r
e
lo
s
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
w
il
l
b
e
s
ee
n
.
T
o
tal
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
o
f
m
o
to
r
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
-
a
is
lo
w
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
-
b
.
I
f
m
o
to
r
f
lu
x
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
,
co
r
e
lo
s
s
w
il
l
b
e
also
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
r
o
t
o
r
an
d
s
tato
r
c
o
p
p
er
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e,
r
esu
l
tin
g
in
o
v
er
all
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
a
t
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
t
h
er
e
ex
is
t
a
n
o
p
ti
m
u
m
f
l
u
x
le
v
el
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
d
r
iv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
m
ea
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
T
h
is
w
i
ll
b
e
p
r
o
v
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
f
m
o
to
r
co
r
e
lo
s
s
is
n
eg
le
cted
,
o
p
tim
u
m
f
lu
x
lev
el
w
ill b
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
f
s
p
ee
d
.
Op
tim
u
m
f
l
u
x
lev
el
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flu
x
an
d
C
u
r
r
en
t
Ve
cto
r
s
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
I
n
d
u
ct
io
n
M
o
to
r
in
Un
d
er
No
m
in
al
L
o
ad
f
o
r
T
h
r
ee
Flu
x
L
e
v
els
.
(
a)
No
m
i
n
al
,
(
b
)
Op
tim
al,
(
c)
L
o
w
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
2
44
–
2
57
246
3.
E
F
F
I
CI
E
NC
Y
AND
P
O
WE
R
L
O
SS
I
N
I
NDU
CT
I
O
N
M
O
T
O
R
P
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
lo
ad
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ts
:
a.
P
o
w
er sys
tem
lo
s
s
:
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
r
ec
tif
ier
h
as a
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
f
u
n
i
t
y
,
it
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
ts
r
es
u
lti
n
g
in
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
is
p
o
w
er
l
o
s
s
is
o
n
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
d
c
f
ilt
er
an
d
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
f
l
u
x
lev
el
h
a
s
n
o
e
f
f
ec
t o
n
it.
b.
C
o
n
ve
r
ter
lo
s
s
:
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
s
i
n
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
lo
s
s
i
s
d
u
e
to
m
o
t
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
u
s
all
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
b
y
co
n
v
er
ter
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
d
r
iv
e
f
l
u
lev
el.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
o
th
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
o
d
u
latio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
lo
ad
s
h
if
t
in
g
r
atio
,
m
o
to
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
h
av
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
i
s
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
c.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
lo
s
s
:
C
o
p
p
er
an
d
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
f
lu
x
le
v
el
ar
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
ts
o
f
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
.
Ot
h
er
t
y
p
es
o
f
lo
s
s
e
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
o
s
e
r
elate
d
to
w
in
d
a
g
e
an
d
f
r
ictio
n
ar
e
n
eg
l
ig
ib
le
an
d
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
f
l
u
x
lev
e
l.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
d.
Mech
a
n
ica
l
lo
s
s
:
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
is
r
elate
d
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
e
n
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
t
h
is
lo
s
s
is
n
e
g
li
g
ib
le.
4.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
CO
N
VE
R
T
E
R
L
O
SS
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
co
n
v
er
ter
lo
s
s
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
m
ain
p
ar
ts
:
1
)
r
ec
tif
ier
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
;
2
)
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
d
u
c
tio
n
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
.
D
u
e
to
lo
w
le
v
el
o
f
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
b
lo
ck
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
u
d
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
ca
n
b
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ass
u
m
e
s
th
at
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
I
GB
T
an
d
r
ec
tif
ier
is
co
n
s
ti
tu
ted
o
f
d
io
d
e
(
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
(
2
)
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
o
th
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
h
as
n
o
d
if
f
er
en
t r
es
u
lt
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
C
o
n
v
er
t
er
s
Used
f
o
r
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
Dr
iv
e
As
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
i
s
o
n
l
y
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
io
d
es,
esp
ec
ia
l
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
it.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
w
it
h
I
GB
T
,
b
o
th
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
an
d
an
ti
-
p
ar
allel
d
io
d
es.
Ov
er
all,
s
u
m
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
f
o
r
I
GB
T
an
d
d
io
d
e
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
.
(
1
)
.
c
d
i
o
d
p
A
c
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
C
I
GB
T
P
P
P
(1
-
1)
3
c
o
s
2
4
.
4
c
o
s
1
.
(
3
2
m
i
R
m
i
V
P
sw
T
d
i
f
f
sw
ce
c
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
(1
-
2)
3
c
o
s
2
4
.
4
c
o
s
1
.
(
3
2
m
i
R
m
i
V
P
sw
d
d
i
f
f
sw
f
c
d
i
o
d
p
a
(1
-
3)
sw
sw
sw
sw
i
E
f
P
.
.
6
(1
-
4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
Dri
ve
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
E
fficien
cy
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
…
(
F
a
r
s
h
id
A
b
d
o
la
h
n
eja
d
B
a
r
o
o
g
h
)
247
W
h
er
e,
m
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
,
co
s
is
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
o
r
c
o
s
in
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
b
et
w
ee
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
ir
s
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
ef
er
en
ce
w
a
v
e,
R
diff
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
r
esi
s
to
r
ac
r
o
s
s
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
an
d
V
ce
,
V
f
is
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
.
Eq
u
atio
n
.
(
1
)
i
m
p
lies
t
h
at
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
elat
ed
to
m
o
to
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
m
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
,
a
n
d
m
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t.
E
q
u
atio
n
.
(
1
)
ca
n
b
e
r
e
w
r
itte
n
as E
q
u
atio
n
.
(
2
)
.
Fo
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
I
GB
T
s
,
i
t is ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
≅
an
d
≅
ca
n
b
e
v
alid
.
(
2
)
T
h
u
s
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
r
elatio
n
s
ar
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
as E
q
.
(
3
)
)
.
.
2
.
.
2
(
3
2
d
i
f
f
sw
ce
sw
c
I
G
B
T
R
i
V
i
P
(
3
)
Su
m
m
in
g
u
p
Eq
u
atio
n
.
(
3
)
a
n
d
s
w
itch
in
g
lo
s
s
r
elatio
n
lea
d
s
to
in
v
er
ter
p
ar
lo
s
s
in
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
r
ec
tifie
r
is
n
o
t
co
n
t
r
o
lled
,
th
u
s
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
is
c
lo
s
e
to
u
n
it
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
in
d
ex
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
ec
tif
ier
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
.
(
4
)
.
3
2
4
.
4
1
.
(
3
2
sw
d
d
i
f
f
sw
f
c
d
i
o
d
i
R
i
V
P
(
4
)
5.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
I
NDUC
T
I
O
N
M
O
T
O
R
L
O
SS
Ma
in
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
i
n
es
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
m
a
g
n
etic
co
r
e
an
d
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
n
m
o
to
r
.
O
v
er
all,
co
p
p
er
an
d
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
Eq
u
atio
n
.
(
5
)
.
)
.
.
(
3
2
2
ar
r
as
s
cu
i
R
i
R
P
(5
-
1)
2
2
)
.
.
(
m
e
e
e
h
c
o
r
e
w
K
w
K
P
(5
-
2)
W
h
er
e,
λ
is
m
a
g
n
etizi
n
g
li
n
k
a
g
e
f
l
u
x
,
is
s
ta
to
r
r
o
tatin
g
a
n
g
l
e,
K
e
an
d
K
h
ar
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
o
f
E
d
d
y
a
n
d
H
y
s
ter
esi
s
lo
s
s
es
i
n
m
o
to
r
co
r
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
C
o
r
e
lo
s
s
is
u
s
u
all
y
m
o
d
eled
b
y
a
r
esi
s
to
r
,
R
fe
,
in
s
in
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
cir
c
u
i
t
o
f
m
o
to
r
i
n
s
tead
y
s
tate.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
th
is
r
esi
s
to
r
is
c
h
an
g
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
d
r
iv
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ee
d
s
,
th
is
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iat
io
n
is
n
o
t
h
i
g
h
en
o
u
g
h
to
w
o
r
s
en
R
fe
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
m
o
d
eli
n
g
in
d
r
i
v
e
[
2
0
]
.
6.
M
AG
NE
T
I
Z
I
NG
SAT
URA
T
I
O
N
E
F
F
E
C
T
O
N
T
O
R
Q
UE
AND
P
O
W
E
R
L
O
S
S
Ma
g
n
e
tizi
n
g
s
at
u
r
atio
n
in
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
g
r
ea
tl
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
e
ca
n
m
e
n
tio
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
:
a.
E
ffect
o
f to
r
q
u
e
-
cu
r
r
en
t ra
te
(
T/A)
b.
E
ffect
o
f e
fficien
cy
a
n
d
mo
t
o
r
lo
s
s
c.
Op
era
tio
n
a
l limita
tio
n
s
o
n
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
lin
ea
r
ity
o
f m
o
to
r
d.
V
a
r
ia
tio
n
o
f m
o
to
r
p
a
r
a
mete
r
s
Hig
h
cu
r
r
en
t
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
m
ag
n
et
izin
g
f
l
u
x
.
Me
as
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
in
d
icate
th
at
t
w
ice
a
s
m
u
c
h
as
n
o
m
i
n
al
m
a
g
n
et
izin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
f
l
u
x
le
v
el
o
f
1
.
3
-
1
.
4
ti
m
es
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
alu
e.
T
h
ese
h
i
g
h
r
ea
cti
v
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
f
f
ec
t
d
r
iv
e
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fo
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
d
-
q
ax
i
s
,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
to
r
q
u
e
p
er
cu
r
r
en
t
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
m
a
g
n
et
izin
g
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
T
h
at
is
,
h
i
g
h
er
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
ea
ch
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
T
/A
[
2
1
]
.
Fo
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
2
44
–
2
57
248
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
it
h
√
2
=
=
,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
T
/A
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
W
h
ile,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
m
a
g
n
etizi
n
g
s
atu
r
atio
n
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
lead
s
to
a
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
e.
T
h
at
i
s
,
h
ig
h
er
cu
r
r
en
t
s
a
n
d
,
in
t
u
r
n
,
h
i
g
h
er
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
m
o
to
r
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
3
)
d
ep
icts
to
r
q
u
e
-
cu
r
r
e
n
t
-
s
at
u
r
atio
n
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
r
e
f
o
r
a
ty
p
ica
l I
FOC
d
r
iv
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
y
p
ical
T
/A
C
o
o
r
d
in
ates
f
o
r
an
I
n
d
u
ct
io
n
Mo
to
r
As
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
(
3
)
,
in
f
u
ll
s
atu
r
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
,
m
o
to
r
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
to
r
q
u
e
p
er
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ate.
T
h
u
s
,
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
f
lu
x
lev
e
l,
th
i
s
r
ate
is
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
p
u
llin
g
o
u
t
m
ac
h
in
e
f
o
r
m
o
p
ti
m
a
l
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
ar
ea
.
Ma
x
i
m
izi
n
g
to
r
q
u
e
p
er
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ate
in
s
at
u
r
atio
n
ar
ea
is
a
n
is
s
u
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
d
esi
g
n
o
f
elec
tr
i
ca
l
m
ac
h
i
n
es.
T
/A
r
ate
ca
n
b
e,
t
o
tally
,
d
escr
ib
ed
as
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
o
b
u
s
t o
p
er
atio
n
.
7.
DRIV
E
F
L
UX
L
E
V
E
L
SE
L
E
CT
I
O
N
Selectio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
er
f
lu
x
le
v
el
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
lo
s
s
.
Fl
u
x
r
ed
u
ctio
n
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
ca
n
b
e:
s
tato
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
is
e
w
h
e
n
f
l
u
x
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
o
r
a
lo
ad
w
it
h
d
ef
in
ed
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
p
ee
d
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
m
o
to
r
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
lo
ad
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
,
r
elati
v
el
y
de
v
astated
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
r
iv
e.
Du
e
to
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
s
id
er
at
io
n
s
,
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
a
w
a
y
to
b
e
in
s
atu
r
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
m
a
g
n
e
ticall
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
n
o
m
i
n
al
lo
ad
.
I
n
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
m
ax
i
m
u
m
m
a
g
n
etic
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
,
b
u
t
also
co
r
e
an
d
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
eq
u
a
l,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
th
a
t
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
m
ax
i
m
u
m
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
m
a
g
n
etic
s
at
u
r
a
tio
n
is
e
x
a
m
in
ed
f
o
r
T
/A
r
ate.
W
ith
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
m
o
to
r
f
l
u
x
le
v
el,
m
o
to
r
w
il
l
d
ev
iate
f
r
o
m
m
ag
n
etic
s
at
u
r
atio
n
a
r
ea
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
u
s
,
m
ag
n
eti
c
s
atu
r
atio
n
is
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
w
h
en
o
p
ti
m
al
m
o
to
r
lo
s
s
o
p
er
atio
n
-
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ca
lc
u
latio
n
i
s
ac
c
o
m
p
li
s
h
ed
.
Dr
iv
e
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
f
lu
x
o
n
l
y
in
t
wo
p
ar
ts
o
f
m
o
to
r
lo
s
s
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
lo
s
s
.
Dr
iv
e
s
ize
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
lo
s
s
d
iv
is
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
m
o
to
r
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
less
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
s
i
ze
(
lo
w
p
o
w
er
)
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
o
t
o
r
in
d
r
iv
e
lo
s
s
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
d
r
iv
e
s
ize
r
es
u
lts
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
ar
e
in
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
I
n
m
an
y
p
r
io
r
r
ese
ar
ch
w
o
r
k
s
,
it
w
a
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
o
n
l
y
m
o
to
r
lo
s
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
d
r
iv
e
lo
s
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
s
u
ch
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
i
n
s
m
all
d
r
iv
e
s
,
lo
w
p
o
w
er
,
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le;
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
it
le
ad
s
to
to
ler
an
ce
in
d
r
iv
e
f
lu
x
lev
el.
T
h
is
to
ler
an
c
e
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
as
h
ig
h
er
s
elec
t
ed
f
lu
x
t
h
an
t
h
e
lev
el
i
n
w
h
ic
h
o
p
ti
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
m
o
to
r
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
T
h
i
s
is
s
u
e
h
as
al
s
o
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
f
f
e
ct.
Hig
h
l
y
s
elec
ted
o
p
tim
a
l f
l
u
x
lev
el
m
ea
n
s
i
n
cr
e
ased
to
r
q
u
e
lev
el
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t d
r
iv
e
r
esp
ec
t to
lo
ad
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
Dri
ve
Desig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
E
fficien
cy
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
…
(
F
a
r
s
h
id
A
b
d
o
la
h
n
eja
d
B
a
r
o
o
g
h
)
249
8.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
DR
I
V
E
L
O
S
S
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
en
t
io
n
ed
,
d
r
iv
e
lo
s
s
e
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
r
ec
ti
f
ier
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
,
in
v
er
ter
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
,
i
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
,
m
o
to
r
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
an
d
m
o
to
r
m
a
g
n
et
ic
co
r
e
lo
s
s
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
/i
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
elate
d
to
d
r
i
v
e
f
l
u
x
lev
el,
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el,
co
m
p
r
is
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
9
9
% o
f
d
r
iv
e
lo
s
s
es.
Fo
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
n
v
er
ter
,
as see
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
(
2
)
,
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
E
q
u
atio
n
.
(
8
)
.
c
r
a
c
t
sw
i
n
v
c
i
n
v
c
o
n
v
P
P
P
P
(8
-
1)
)
3
2
4
.
4
1
.
(
3
.
.
6
)
.
.
2
.
.
2
(
3
2
2
sw
d
d
i
f
f
sw
f
sw
sw
sw
d
i
f
f
sw
ce
sw
c
on
v
i
R
i
V
i
E
f
R
i
V
i
P
(8
-
2)
First
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
a
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lo
s
s
es
r
elate
d
to
m
o
to
r
an
d
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
,
th
u
s
n
o
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
te
n
ts
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
d
r
iv
e.
E
v
en
i
f
th
er
e
ex
is
t
an
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
th
e
y
w
ill
b
e
f
i
lter
ed
b
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
ilter
s
.
R
ec
ti
f
y
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
p
r
o
c
ess
in
w
h
ic
h
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
AC
to
D
C
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
in
a
g
iv
e
n
co
n
d
itio
n
,
p
o
w
er
f
l
o
w
i
n
g
m
a
y
b
e
r
ev
er
s
ed
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
cir
cu
it
w
il
l
o
p
er
ate
i
n
i
n
v
er
s
ed
s
ate.
T
h
u
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
in
b
o
th
s
id
es.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
f
i
x
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
d
c
b
u
s
,
ze
r
o
o
u
tp
u
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
f
o
r
in
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
e
x
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
is
n
o
t
ch
a
n
g
ed
d
u
e
to
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
ta
to
r
,
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
all
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
v
er
ter
's
s
e
m
ic
o
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
it
h
a
n
y
d
esire
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
ill b
e
eq
u
al
to
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
r
ec
ti
f
y
in
g
d
io
d
es
'
c
u
r
r
en
t.
I
n
f
ac
t,
m
en
tio
n
ed
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
n
u
l
li
f
y
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
e
f
f
ec
t
s
an
d
m
ea
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
ea
ch
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
eq
u
al
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
r
ec
ti
f
y
i
n
g
d
io
d
es
with
lo
n
e
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
.
Dio
d
es
'
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
r
ec
tifie
r
o
f
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
is
o
n
e
-
t
h
ir
d
o
f
in
p
u
t f
ir
s
t p
h
ase
li
n
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t [
22
].
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
d
c
-
lin
k
cu
r
r
en
t,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
co
n
ce
p
t
w
it
h
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
.
W
h
en
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
u
s
ed
,
b
a
s
ed
o
n
E
q
.
(
9
)
,
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2
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IJ
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6
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3
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Sep
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