Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
Advance
s in
A
p
p
li
ed Sciences (
IJ
A
AS)
Vo
l.
7
, No
.
4,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
322
~
333
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijaas
.v
7
.i
4.pp3
22
-
333
322
Journ
al
h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
onli
ne/index
.ph
p/I
JAAS
A
utom
ation of
DM
PS
M
an
ufacturin
g
by
us
ing
L
ab
V
iew &
PLC
F. F
areez
a
1
,
C
hunch
u
Ra
m
b
ab
u
2
,
S.
Krish
naveni
3
, Abel
Ch
erne
t Ka
biso
4
1,3
Dr.
M.G.R
.
Ed
uca
t
iona
l
&
Res
ea
rch
Instit
u
te, Chenna
i
,
Ind
ia
2,4
Arba
Minch
Univer
sit
y
,
Arba
Minch
21
,
E
thi
o
pia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
24
, 201
8
Re
vised
Jun
,
201
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
28
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
Pap
er
is
to
ena
bl
e
the
Sieme
ns
(Program
m
abl
e
Logic
Control)
CP
U
313
-
5A
to
comm
unic
ate
wi
th
th
e
Lab
VIEW
and
to
cont
rol
th
e
pro
c
ess
accurac
y
b
y
imag
e
proc
e
ss
ing.
The
comm
unic
at
ion
b
etw
ee
n
CP
U
313
-
5A
and
La
b
VIEW
is
v
ia
OP
C
(OLE
for
Pro
ce
ss
Contro
l).
Pr
o
ce
ss
Ac
cur
a
c
y
is
a
chieve
d
with
th
e
use
of
La
bvi
ew
Im
age
Proce
ss
ing
and
Gra
y
Sca
le
m
at
c
hing
Pat
te
rn
.
Acc
ura
c
y
in
th
e
gra
y
sca
l
e
m
at
ch
ing
will
pur
ely
d
epe
nd
on
th
e
c
alibra
ti
on
of
the
ca
m
era
with
respe
ct
to
the
co
rre
sponding
ima
ge.
The
d
igi
t
al
o
utput
from
the
l
abvi
ew
is
c
om
m
unic
at
ed
to
PLC
vi
a
Et
h
ern
et
Protocol
for
t
he
industrial
proc
ess
con
trol.
W
it
h
th
e
use
of
La
bvi
ew
th
e
dead
ti
m
e
whil
e
using
th
e
norm
a
l
image
vision
m
odule
in
PLC
ca
n
be
m
ini
m
iz
ed
.
La
bvi
ew
uses
the
gra
y
sc
ale
m
at
chi
ng
t
ec
hn
i
que
which
is
m
ore
a
cc
ura
te
than
the
norm
al
i
m
age
vision
m
odule
used
in
PLC
Ke
yw
or
d:
Cam
era
Ether
net
Lab
View
PLC
Pr
oc
ess C
on
t
rol
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
F.
Fa
reeza
,
Dr
.
M.
G.
R.
Ed
ucati
on
al
&
Re
search
Insti
tute
,
Chen
nai,
India
.
Em
a
il
:
far
eeza
f
ay
az@gm
ai
l.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
To
a
uto
m
at
e
t
he
DMPS
m
ixing
sta
ti
on
for
achievin
g
bette
r
accu
racy
in
the
proce
ss
with
the
us
e
of
Lab
view
Im
ag
e
Acquisi
ti
on
m
od
ule
and
P
LC
Ma
chine
vi
sion
is
a
br
oa
d
te
rm
.
Ma
ny
m
at
he
m
at
ic
a
l
t
heories,
i
m
age
acq
uisit
ion
,
im
age
pro
cessi
ng
a
nd
a
na
ly
sis,
et
c.
for
m
the
whole
m
achine
visio
n
w
or
l
d.
The
re
fore,
to
def
i
ne
m
achin
e
visio
n
is
a
di
ff
ic
ult
ta
s
k,
if
t
hese
t
hings
a
re
co
ns
ide
re
d.
P
ages
a
nd
pa
ges
co
uld
be
wr
it
te
n
on
these d
iffe
re
nt top
ic
s.
F
or
this
reas
on,
t
he
m
ai
n
c
on
ce
ntrati
on o
f
this
t
hesis d
oc
um
ent
was
to
de
vel
op
a
si
m
pl
e
m
achine
visio
n
ap
plica
ti
on
us
in
g
s
of
twa
re
read
il
y
avail
able
in
the
m
ark
et
.
T
he
softw
are
us
e
d
in
t
his
thesi
s
pap
e
r was
La
b
-
VI
E
W.
Howe
ver, the
b
asi
c
r
equ
i
rem
ents to
un
der
sta
nd a
m
achine
visio
n sy
ste
m
are
dis
cusse
d
in the f
or
thc
om
ing
secti
ons
.
2.
LIT
ERATUR
E SU
RV
E
Y
It
is
re
ported
t
hat
m
ere
ph
ysi
cal
exam
inati
on
a
nd
La
borat
or
y
s
ham
bling
repor
t
is
not
he
lpf
ul
in
t
he
Pr
oc
ess
A
ccu
r
acy
,
The
re
aso
n
be
hind
it
wa
s
the
at
m
os
ph
e
ric
co
nd
it
io
ns
especial
ly
the
tem
per
at
ur
e
a
nd
the
m
oister
con
te
nt
m
ay
aff
ect
th
e
Process
acc
uracy
Anj
al
i
Seta
l
(
20
14),
disc
us
se
d
a
bout
th
e
var
i
ous
a
dv
a
ntage
s
on
La
b
view
-
P
LC
based
pro
cess
co
ntro
l
f
or
a
sm
al
l
stat
in
with
di
gital
inputs
via
Modb
us
com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
Pr
ot
oc
ol
[
1].
F
or
syt
h
et
al
(2009
)
c
on
t
rib
uted
a
m
et
ho
d
w
her
e
m
easur
e
of
Im
age
Col
or
in
gray
scal
e
patte
r
n
wh
ic
h
is
m
or
e
accurate
tha
n
Col
or
m
at
c
hing
Tec
hn
i
que
by
Com
par
ison
with
a
re
fer
e
nce
im
age
[2
]
.
Papa
dopoul
os
,
E
et
al
(20
08),
desc
ribe
d
a
novel
a
ppr
oac
h
t
o
a
uto
m
at
e
an
i
ndus
tria
l
proces
s
by
the
Im
age
m
at
ching
Tec
hniq
ue
with
t
he
us
e
of
se
par
at
e
i
m
age
acqu
is
it
ion
m
od
ule
[
3].
Siem
ens
Indu
st
rial
Au
t
oma
ti
on
,
(20
08)
e
xp
la
in
ed
the
operati
on
of
t
he
CP
U
315
-
A
Se
ries
ty
pe
of
Program
m
able
con
t
ro
ll
ers
[
4]
.
N.
N.
B
arsoum
,
et
al (2
01
1)
e
xpla
ins r
em
ote co
nt
ro
l a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
over a wid
e area which is
co
m
m
on
ly
u
sed
i
n
in
dustrie
s
these
days. Ethe
r
net m
od
ule w
as
use
d
f
or
ac
hievi
ng r
em
ote co
ntr
ol [5].
Nargal
ka
r
A
kshay
, et al (2005), is to e
nab
le
the A
ll
en
Bra
dl
y PLC
(
P
rog
ra
m
m
able Log
ic
Con
tr
ol)
SLC
-
500
t
o
c
omm
u
nicat
e w
it
h t
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJAAS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814
Autom
ation of
DMP
SM
anufac
turin
g by
us
in
g
L
abVie
w
&
PLC
(
F. F
ar
ee
za
)
323
Lab
V
IE
W.
T
he
c
omm
un
i
cat
ion
betwee
n
S
LC
-
50
0
a
nd
L
ab
VIE
W
is
vi
a
O
PC
(
OLE
f
or
P
ro
ces
s
C
ontr
ol).
Dev
el
op
m
ent
of
O
PC
us
in
g
RS
Lin
u
x
OP
C
Ser
ve
r.
OP
C
i
s
an
in
dustry
st
and
a
r
d
pro
vid
e
s
real
tim
e
plug
-
a
nd
-
play
softwa
re
te
chnolo
gy
for
process
c
ontr
ol
an
d
fact
or
y
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
[
6].
F
ai
rch
il
d,
M.
(
2005
).
P
r
opos
e
d
a
ne
w
featur
e
of C
olor m
at
ching
Tec
hn
i
qu
e
b
y C
om
par
ison
with
a ref
e
re
nce im
age
[7
]
.
3.
DMPS
DMPS
(D
im
eth
oxic
P
rop
on
ic
aci
d)
is
m
ixed
gr
a
dual
ly
unde
r
co
ntr
olled
te
m
per
at
ur
e
with
Edib
le
Oil
(S
un
flo
wer)
for
bette
r
qu
al
it
y.
For
t
his
proces
s
12
To
n
of
E
dib
le
Oil
-
Sunf
l
ower
is
ta
ke
n
f
or
a
batch
,
i
n
it
s
12K
g
of
Sun
flo
wer
oil
co
ncen
t
rated
with
120
Gr
am
s
of
DM
PS
s
olu
ti
on
is
m
ixed
gr
a
du
al
ly
un
de
r
c
ontr
olled
tem
per
at
ur
e
.
F
or
t
he
pr
e
par
at
ion
of
DMP
S
con
ce
ntrate
d
S
unflo
wer
oil
12kg
of
oil
is
ta
ken
in
a
vessel
(sm
al
l
ta
nk)
an
d
it
wa
s
m
ai
ntained
at
650
C
with
th
e
us
e
of
heate
r
coils
then
DM
PS
So
l
utio
n
is
do
s
ed
gr
a
dual
ly
to
it
with
t
he
us
e
of
dosi
ng
pu
m
p.
Durin
g
this
pr
ocess
the
c
olou
r
of
t
he
s
unfl
ower
oil
in
the
t
ank
gets
c
ha
nged
due
the
c
on
ce
ntrati
on
of
DMP
S.
Wh
e
n
the
C
olour
of
t
he
DMP
S
Co
nce
ntrated
Sun
flo
wer
Oil
gets
c
hange
d
t
o
Lim
e
colo
ur
t
he
cam
era
will
sense
it
and
se
nd
s
t
he
sign
al
s
to
La
b
vie
w
.T
he
c
omm
and
f
ro
m
the
la
b
vie
w
w
il
l
be
com
m
un
ic
at
ed
to
P
LC
-
Sim
e
ns
CP
U
315
-
A
wh
ic
h
gove
rn
s
th
e
w
ho
le
process
with
the
us
e
o
f
la
dd
er
lo
gic
pro
gr
am
m
ed
in it
.
Fo
r
the
prep
ara
ti
on
o
f
DMP
S co
nce
ntrate
d
S
unflo
wer
oil 1
2kg
of o
il
is
ta
ken
in
a
v
essel
(
sm
all
ta
nk)
and
it
was
m
ain
ta
ined
at
65
0
C
wi
th
the
us
e
of
heater
coils
then
DM
PS
S
ol
ution
is
dose
d
gra
du
al
ly
to
it
with
the
us
e
of
do
si
ng
pum
p
the
c
on
t
ro
l
of
t
he
dosin
g
pu
m
p,
A
gitat
or
a
nd
dos
ing
pum
p
is
go
ve
r
ned
by
the
PLC
Om
ro
n
-
C
pm
2a.
Tem
per
at
ur
e
c
on
t
ro
l
of
t
he
ve
ssel
is
c
ontrol
le
d
local
ly
with
t
h
e
us
e
of
te
m
per
at
ur
e
c
ontrolle
r
with
si
gnal
s
from
tem
per
at
ure
tra
ns
m
i
tt
er
connecte
d
with
RT
D
-
P
T1
00.T
he
sta
t
us
sig
na
l
of
t
he
te
m
per
at
ure
con
t
ro
ll
er is
g
i
ven to t
he
P
LC Om
ro
n
-
Cpm
2a
f
or
t
he
c
on
t
rol
o
f
the
process
.
As
t
he
c
oncent
rati
on
of
DMP
S
inc
reases
the
col
or
of
t
he
s
unfl
ow
e
r
Oil
ch
ang
e
s
to
li
m
e
c
olor
wh
i
c
h
is
sense
d
with
the
us
e
of
cam
era
an
d
the
im
age
is
proce
sse
d
in
la
bvie
w
a
nd
t
he
sta
tus
si
gn
al
is
s
har
e
d
t
o
PLC
for fu
rthe
r
act
ion via
OP
C
ser
ver o
f
la
bvie
w
wh
i
c
h
is
receiv
ed by PLC
via
OP
C cl
ie
nt
.
Fig
ure
1
.
Bl
oc
k Diag
ram
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
IJAAS
Vo
l.
7
,
No.
4, Decem
ber
20
18
:
32
2
–
333
324
Fig
ure
2
.
Proce
ss D
ia
gr
am
3.1
.
Process
Seq
ue
nce
1.
Pu
s
h
bu
tt
on
O
N
-
):A
gitat
or
,
Do
si
ng
P
um
p
and
Heate
r
ge
ts
powe
redhea
te
r
us
es
sep
ar
at
e
tem
per
at
ure
con
t
ro
ll
er l
oop uses
tem
per
at
ur
e
Co
ntr
oller
2.
Cam
era Starts
sensing a
nd
w
hen it
r
eac
hes
t
he req
uire
d
c
ol
our
it
passes
t
he
sig
nal to plc
via La
b view
3.
Wh
e
n
Im
age
and
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sat
isfie
s
condi
ti
on
agita
to
r
an
d
dosin
g
pu
m
p
stop
s
a
nd
t
he
ou
tl
et
act
uato
r
sta
rts drop
ping
3.2
.
Te
chniques
U
sed
1.
PLC
–
Siem
ens
CPU
315
-
A us
es Lad
de
r
L
og
i
c Pro
gr
am
m
ing
with
2.
Step
-
7
L
ogic
L
abV
ie
w Uses
Gr
a
phic
al
p
r
og
ram
m
ing
3.
PLC
-
La
bV
ie
w C
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
is
with t
he us
e of La
bV
ie
w OPC
Se
r
ver an
d Om
ro
n
C
X
-
On
e
Se
rv
e
r
4.
COMPO
NEN
TS OF
M
ACHINE
VISIO
NSYSTE
M
A
m
achine
vis
ion
syst
em
t
ypic
al
ly
con
sist
s
of
m
achine
vis
ion
s
of
t
war
e
(m
achine
visio
n
too
ls
)
an
d
a
ca
m
era
(im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
de
vice).
B
utm
any
oth
ert
hingsne
edto
beconsi
de
redforam
achinev
isi
on
syst
e
m
.Eacho
f
the
com
ponen
t
s
h
as
it
s
ow
n
sign
ific
a
nce.
S
o
no
ne
of
th
e
com
po
ne
ntsc
an
be
isolat
ed
or
s
eg
reg
at
e
d.
The
i
m
po
rtant c
ompone
nts ar
e
d
is
cusse
d
in
bri
ef i
n
the
foll
owin
gsub
-
sect
io
ns
.
4.1
.
Ill
uminat
i
on
Illum
inati
on
re
fer
s
to
t
he
li
ght
source
s
that
are
avail
able
arou
nd
t
he
ob
je
ct
being
a
nal
yz
ed.
It
is
sign
ific
a
nt
that
the
obj
ect
(s
)
unde
r
a
naly
sis
be
cl
early
visibl
e
to
the
im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
devi
ce.
It
e
ns
ures
that
m
uch
of
the
in
form
ation
is
re
ta
ined
in
the
a
cqu
i
red
im
age,
an
d
no
m
uch
im
age
processi
ng
nee
ds
t
o
be
do
ne;
thu
s
m
aking
th
e m
achine v
isi
on appli
cat
ion
si
m
pler
to
de
ve
lop
.
Illum
inati
ng
obj
ect
(s)
does
not
m
ean
avail
abili
ty
of
hu
ge
a
m
ou
nt
of
li
ght
around
t
he
ob
j
ect
;
it
ref
ers
the
li
gh
ts
to
be
adjuste
d
in
a
pro
per
way.
Prop
e
r
il
lum
inatio
ni
nvolv
e
s
the
righ
t
inte
ns
it
y
and
c
orrect
d
i
recti
on
of
li
ght.
It
s
ho
uld
be
done
in
a
way
that
sh
a
dow
f
or
m
at
ion
is
c
hec
ked
a
nd
m
axi
m
u
m
cont
rasts
ca
n
be
ac
hieve
d
from
the r
egi
on
of interest
of
the ob
j
ect
(s
).
(
Mo
-
vim
ed
cus
tom
i
m
aging
s
olu
ti
ons,
20
07.
)
The
li
ght so
ur
c
es
m
ay
b
e flu
oresce
nt li
ghts o
r
LE
D
li
ghts o
r
h
al
ogen
li
ghts
, etc. LED
li
gh
ts are m
or
e
pr
e
ferred
ove
r
the
oth
er
ty
pe
s
of
li
ght
sources
,
because
of
their
lo
ng
li
fe
an
d
le
ss
energy
c
on
s
um
pt
ion
.
Dep
e
nd
in
g upo
n
the
ar
rangem
ent of li
ghts, il
l
um
inati
on
can
be direct
or
i
nd
irect
.
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Autom
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ar
ee
za
)
325
4.2
.
Ima
gea
c
quisi
t
ion
Im
age
acqu
isi
ti
on
is
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
pa
rt
in
a
m
achin
e
visio
n
syst
e
m
.
It
inv
ol
ves
captu
rin
g
a
n
i
m
age
of
t
he
obj
ect
t
o
be
a
naly
zed
with
the
help
of
cam
era.
Dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pe
s
of
cam
eras
can
be
us
ed
f
or
i
m
age
acqu
isi
ti
on;
th
ey
can
incl
ud
e
an
ordina
ry
m
ob
il
e
ca
m
era
,
a
ty
pical
di
gital
ca
m
era,
or
even
a
web
ca
m
.
But
ca
m
eras
that
are
ta
il
or
e
d
s
pe
ci
al
ly
fo
r
in
dustria
l
us
e
are
a
lso
avail
able.
Dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
sens
or
te
ch
no
l
ogy
us
e
d,
dif
fer
e
nt
ca
m
eras can be
classi
fied
i
nto
two
cat
e
gories
as foll
ows:
CM
OS
cam
eras
CC
D
cam
eras
“The
se
nsors
cou
l
d
be
m
at
rix
sen
sors
or
li
ne
sen
sors.
A
n
i
m
age
sensor
conve
rts
an
opti
cal
i
m
age
i
nto
a
n
el
ect
ro
nic
sig
na
l”
Choosin
g
a
m
achine
visio
n
ca
m
era
can
be
a
di
ff
ic
ult
ta
sk.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
reso
l
ution
,
sen
sit
ivit
y,
an
d
ty
pe
of
ca
m
era
-
m
on
ochro
m
e
or
col
or
,
sho
uld
be
co
ns
i
der
e
d
wh
e
n
bu
yi
ng
one.
(A
L
LIE
D
Visio
n
Tec
hnol
og
ie
s
GMBH,
2006.
)
Also
,
the
i
nterfac
e
the
cam
era
us
es
f
or
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
shou
l
d
be
co
ns
i
de
red.
T
he
a
vaila
ble
inter
faces
include
US
B,
Ethe
rn
et
,
Fire
wire,
et
c.
4.3
CCD C
ameras
A
CC
D
(Cha
rge
-
co
uple
d
Dev
i
ce)
cam
era
us
es
the
CC
D
se
nsor
te
c
hnology.
The
m
ai
n
featu
res
of
thes
e
sens
or
s
(
a
nd
he
nce cam
eras)
are li
ste
d
as
fol
lows
.
(Visi
on
Syst
e
m
s O
y. 2012.
)
The
m
os
t
com
m
on
ca
m
era
sensors
In
-
c
om
in
g
cha
r
ges
are
store
d
E
qu
i
valen
t
to
fil
m
s
of
tra
diti
on
al
film
ca
m
eras.
Con
sist
of p
i
xe
ls wit
h
a
ty
pical
size of 1
0µm
x
10
µm
.
These a
re
both
colo
r
a
nd m
on
ochr
om
e.
These a
re lig
ht
-
sensiti
ve
d
i
ode senso
rs.
Each
pix
el
has
a m
ic
ro
-
le
ns
fo
r
f
oc
us
-
in
g
the
li
gh
t i
nt
o
t
he
s
ens
or
s
urface
.
Disad
va
ntage of
these
sens
or
s is the
possibil
it
y of
ov
e
r
e
xpos
ure
.
Fig
ure
3
.
CC
D
Cam
era
4.4
.
Depth
of F
ie
ld
Dep
t
h
of
Fiel
d
(DOF
)
is
the
m
easur
e
of
the
di
sta
nce
betwee
n
t
he
nea
rest
a
nd
the
fa
rthe
st
obj
ect
s
in
a
scene t
hat can
be
ca
ptured
b
y
the cam
era an
d be acce
pta
bly sharp i
n
the
im
age
4.5
.
Constr
ucti
on
of t
he
S
t
ati
on
The
syst
em
con
sist
s
of
cy
li
nders
,
sens
or
s,
a
m
oto
r
as
the
ph
ysi
cal
c
om
po
ne
nts.
As
the
PLC
us
e
d
i
n
the
sta
ti
on
re
quires
a
dd
it
io
na
l
sign
al
m
od
ul
es
for
the
I/O
(in
pu
ts
a
nd
ou
tpu
ts)
de
vices,
sign
al
m
od
ule
s
fro
m
Be
ckhoff
(
w
w
w.beck
hof
f.
c
om
)
was
us
e
d.
4.6
.
Sy
s
tem
C
om
munica
tion
The
PLC
was
interface
d
to
the
com
pu
te
r
us
in
g
S
7
MPI
adap
te
r
.
T
he
bu
s
c
ouple
r,
L
C310
0
was
netw
orke
d
wit
h
the
P
LC
us
in
g
PRO
FI
B
US
cable.
Als
o
OPC
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
was
done
usi
ng
the
sam
e
S
7
MPI
adap
te
r.
A
di
-
a
gr
am
m
atic
repr
esentat
ion
of
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
a
m
on
g
the
syst
e
m
com
po
-
ne
nt
s
is
s
how
n
in
F
igure
4
.
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IJAAS
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7
,
No.
4, Decem
ber
20
18
:
32
2
–
333
326
Figure
4
.
Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s a
m
on
g
STE
P
7,
Lab
VI
E
W
a
nd
CPU31
5
-
2DP
and LC3
100
4.7
.
STE
P 7
P
ro
fe
ssion
al
STEP
7
PR
O
FESS
ION
AL
(S
TE
P
7
in
s
hort)
is
a
utom
at
ion
s
of
tw
a
refro
m
Siem
e
ns
I
ndus
try
(
w
ww.siem
ens.
com
).
It
is
use
d
f
or
progra
m
m
ing
sim
a
ti
c
PLC
sta
ti
ons.
Figure
28
s
hows
the
syst
em
m
ang
e
r
window
of
sim
at
ic
STEP 7, w
he
re
a cr
e
at
ed pape
r wit
h
s
om
e b
lock
s is al
so
s
how
n
Figure
5
.
Scree
ns
hot
of Sim
ati
c Ma
na
ger
(S
T
EP
7
)
STEP
7
prov
i
de
s
pro
visio
n
t
o
c
od
e
t
he
pr
ogram
us
ing
s
even
dif
fere
ntl
an
-
guages
.
S
om
e
of
them
are
FBD
(F
unct
io
n
Bl
oc
k
Dia
gr
am
),
L
D
(La
dder
Diagr
am
),
an
d
S
C
L
(S
ta
te
m
entList),
et
c.
T
he
use
r
can
fr
eel
y
c
hoos
e
the
la
ng
uag
e
.
An
S
TEP
7
auto
m
at
ion
pro
gr
am
m
ay
co
ntain
funct
ion
s
(F
Cs
),
f
unct
ion
bl
oc
ks
(F
Bs
),
orga
nizat
ion
bl
ocks
(O
Bs
),
se
qu
e
nce
f
unct
io
nal
c
har
ts
(SFC
s),
et
c.
B
ut,
e
ve
ry
STE
P
7
pro
gram
m
us
t
hav
e
OB1
,
because
it
is the
m
ai
n
functi
on.
D
et
ai
ls about the STE
P
7 p
rogr
am
s ar
e not cov
e
re
din
this
thesis. T
he
la
ngua
ge
us
e
d
f
or the
aut
om
a
ti
on
of t
he
syst
e
m
d
escri
bed in t
his thes
is
was FB
D
STE
P 7
L
a
b
V
IE
W
MPI
OP
C
P
ro
f
ib
u
s
CP
U315
-
2DP
LC3100
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IJAAS
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Autom
ation of
DMP
SM
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us
in
g
L
abVie
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PLC
(
F. F
ar
ee
za
)
327
Figure
6
.
FBD
cod
e
s in
STE
P
7
4.8
.
CPU3
15
-
2DP
CPU31
5
-
2DP
belo
ngs
to
Sim
at
ic
30
0
gro
up
of
P
LC
co
ntr
ol
le
rs.
It
co
ns
ist
s
of
dif
fer
e
nt
ind
ic
at
ors,
a
pro
gr
am
m
ani
pu
la
ti
on
key,
and
a
m
e
m
or
y
card
slot.
It
has
2
serial
-
c
onnecti
on
ports
;
on
e
of
them
is
f
or
interfaci
ng
between
STEP
7
a
nd
t
he
PLC
w
her
eas
t
he
ot
he
r
is
for
co
nnec
ti
ng
to
a
distri
bu
te
d
m
od
ule.
Figure
30 alo
ngside s
hows
C
PU3
15
-
2DP
Figure
7
.
CPU
315
-
2DP
4
.9
.
Ha
rdw
are
Config
u
ra
tion
Hardwa
re
co
nf
igurat
ion
(HW)
n
ee
ds
to
be
done
befor
e
a
ny
pro
gr
am
can
be
do
wn
l
oad
e
d
into
the
PLC
.
In
the
hard
ware
co
nfi
gurati
on
,
the
ty
pe
of
powe
r
sup
ply,
t
he
C
PU
m
od
el
(s
uc
h
as
C
PU315
-
2DP
),
the
sign
al
m
od
ules
an
d
(
or)
oth
er
distri
bu
te
d
m
od
ules
bein
g
us
e
d
ne
ed
to
be
s
pe
ci
fied
s
oth
at
t
he
s
of
t
war
e
a
nd
th
e
hard
war
e ca
n
i
nter
-
c
onnect
. Fi
gure
8
s
hows
the
hard
war
e c
onfi
gurati
on do
ne fo
r
this
pa
pe
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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18
:
32
2
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333
328
Figure
8
.
A
n
e
xam
ple H
ar
dware c
onfig
ur
at
i
on for si
m
atic PLC
5.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
F
igure
9
.
Lab
vi
ew
F
on
t
Panel
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IJAAS
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Autom
ation of
DMP
SM
anufac
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us
in
g
L
abVie
w
&
PLC
(
F. F
ar
ee
za
)
329
Figure
10
.
Step
7
Lad
der
an
d
Si
m
ulati
on
Mo
du
le
The
outp
ut
te
r
m
inal
from
the
U
nbundle
by
Nam
e
VI
was
on
ce
agai
n
wir
ed
to
A
rr
ay
-
to
-
Cl
us
te
r
VI,
w
hose
out
put
te
rm
inal
was
al
so
once
a
gain
wire
d
to
a
no
t
her
U
nbun
dl
eby
Nam
e
VI.
This
ti
m
e
it
was
en
la
r
ge
d
t
o
get
4
ou
t
pu
t
te
rm
ina
ls.
The
fir
st
ou
tpu
t
te
rm
inal
was
assi
gn
e
d
t
o
‘B
oundin
g
B
ox
[
0]>x’
;
t
he
seco
nd
to
‘Boundi
ng
Box [
1]>y
’; t
he
third t
o‘
B
oundin
gBox
[2
]
>
x’;
and
t
he
f
ourt
h
to
‘Bou
nd
i
ngBox [
3]>y
’as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
11
Figure
12
.
C
ha
ng
i
ng the cl
us
t
er s
iz
e
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20
18
:
32
2
–
333
330
Figure
13
.
PL
C Lad
der &
Sim
ula
ti
on
Mo
dule
The
outp
ut
te
r
m
inal
from
that
final
A
rr
ay
-
to
-
Cl
us
te
r
V
I
wa
s
co
nnect
ed
to
the
‘Rect
a
ng
le
’
in
pu
t
te
rm
inal
of
the
‘I
MA
Q
O
ver
la
y
Re
ct
ang
le
’
V
I.
Also,
t
he
in
put
te
rm
inal
‘I
m
age’of
this
VI
was
wire
d
to
t
he‘Im
age
out’
ou
t
put
te
rm
inal
of
the
vision
a
ssist
ant.
Finall
y,
the
ou
t
pu
t
te
rm
inal
fr
om
the
Overlay
Re
ct
ang
l
e
VI
was
wi
re
d
to
the
input t
erm
inal of t
he ‘Im
age
Disp
la
y’
VI.
5.1
.
Metho
d
of
Inte
rfa
ci
n
g
CONFI
GU
R
I
NG PLC
DRI
VER
Her
e
we
c
hoos
e
RS
-
232
DF1
dev
ic
es
an
d
cl
i
ck
on
A
dd
Ne
w.
Ne
xt
we
na
m
e
the
PLC
a
nd
the
n
sta
rt
the con
fig
ur
at
i
on in
C
onfig
ur
e RS
-
232 DF
1 dev
ic
es
.
CR
EATIN
G
N
E
W
OP
C
TO
P
IC
Creat
e
a
new
OP
C
T
opic
a
nd
sa
ve
it
for
further
use
.
All
the
in
puts
a
nd
ou
t
pu
ts
that
a
r
e
avail
able
i
n
the PLC
will
be avail
able
unde
r
to
pic
wh
ic
h we
hav
e
create
d
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Fr
om
the
pa
per
perform
ed,
it
was
obvious
th
at
m
achine
visi
on
te
c
hnol
og
y
and
N
I
Visio
n
t
oo
ls
t
og
et
her
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
s
or
ti
ng
ob
j
ect
s
in
a
fact
or
y
pr
oductio
n
li
ne.
I
t
was
c
onfirm
ed
t
hat
out
of
m
any
m
achine
vi
sion
too
ls,
the
patte
rn
-
m
at
ching
al
gorithm
cou
l
d
be
a
ppli
ed
for
t
he
obj
ect
sorti
ng
purpose
.
Also
,
it
was
cl
ear
that
a
si
m
ple
web
ca
m
cou
ld b
e u
se
d
f
or
pe
rfor
m
i
ng
m
achine v
isi
on
s
ta
s
ks
.
Be
c
ause,
a w
e
bca
m
was
us
e
d
f
or
patte
r
n
m
at
ching
,
it
is
no
t
f
or
s
ure
t
ha
t
it
can
be
use
d
f
or
dif
fer
e
nt
m
achine
visio
n
a
pp
li
cat
ions.
But,
i
f
t
he
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
is
ind
e
pe
ndent
of
dif
fer
e
nt
i
m
age
proc
essing
ta
sks,
it
m
i
gh
t
be
possi
ble
to
us
e
we
bc
a
m
s
instea
d
of
ot
he
r
industrial
cam
e
ras.
The
patte
r
n
m
at
ching
was
do
ne
at
dif
fere
nt
tim
es
of
t
he
da
y;
ever
y
ti
m
e
the
sc
ore
ge
nerat
ed
by
the
visio
n
assist
ant
n
ee
ded ad
just
m
ent f
or the
correct
patte
rn
m
at
ching. T
his s
hows
t
hat p
at
te
rn
m
at
ching is
base
d
on
direct
c
orre
la
ti
on
m
a
trix
al
gorithm
.
The
scor
e
ge
ner
at
e
d
f
or
t
he
im
ag
e
tem
plate
was
900.
If
t
he
sco
re
wa
s
increase
d
over
900,
none
of
t
he
ob
j
ect
s
m
at
c
hed
the
patte
rn;
belo
w
90
0
pa
tt
ern
m
at
ched
,
bu
t
if
t
he
sco
re
was
belo
w
ce
rtai
n
s
cor
e
(
f
or
exam
ple
850),
t
he
obj
ect
s
wh
ic
h
te
nd
to
be
of
the
sam
e
patte
rn
a
lso
m
at
ched
.
I
n
t
hat
case, the
aim
o
f patt
ern
m
at
ching
fail
ed.
Althou
gh
patte
rn
m
at
ching
is
no
t
a
ff
ect
e
d
by
li
gh
ti
ng,
it
was
see
n
that
sh
a
dow
f
orm
ation
o
f
so
m
e
oth
e
r
obj
ect
s
over
t
he
a
naly
zed
obj
ect
hinder
ed
to
m
at
ch
the
patte
r
n
sto
re
d
in
the
patte
r
n
te
m
plate
.
So
to
say
that
pa
tt
ern
m
a
tc
hin
g
is
in
depend
e
nt
of
li
ght
ing
m
igh
t
be
s
om
ewh
at
unre
al
ist
ic
.
It
m
igh
t
be
sai
d
th
at
pa
tt
ern
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJAAS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814
Autom
ation of
DMP
SM
anufac
turin
g by
us
in
g
L
abVie
w
&
PLC
(
F. F
ar
ee
za
)
331
m
at
ching
not
a
ff
ect
ed
by
li
g
ht
ing
directl
y,
but
the
re
m
igh
t
be
s
om
e
oth
e
r
ind
irect
cause
relat
ing
to
li
ght
that
aff
ect
s
pat
-
te
r
n
m
at
ching
.
It
was
al
s
o
c
onfirm
ed
that
P
LC
co
uld
be
i
nteg
rated
with
Lab
VI
E
W
usi
ng
OP
C
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
protoc
ol;
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
wa
s
ena
bled
us
i
ng
NI
O
PC
Ser
ve
rs
in
t
his
thesis
.
The
i
nteg
rati
on
of
sim
at
ic
PLC
was
il
lustrate
d
in
t
his
thesis
but
alm
os
t
al
l
the
PLCs
can
be
integ
rated
with
Lab
VI
E
W
us
i
ng
N
I
OP
C
se
rv
e
rs;
pro
vid
e
d
the
re
is an
OP
C
dri
ve
r
f
or the
PLC.
In
this
thesis
docum
ent
it
wa
s
possi
ble
to
present
only
a
s
i
m
ple
patte
rn
r
ecognit
ion
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
f
or
t
he
obj
ect
so
rtin
g.
Although
the
ob
j
ect
ive
of
s
or
ti
ng
obj
ect
us
i
ng
m
achine
visio
n
t
oo
l
wa
s
m
et
,
it
wa
s
reali
zed
t
hat
geo
m
et
ric
m
a
t
chin
g
t
oo
l
w
ould
be
m
or
e
r
obus
t
f
or
s
or
ti
ng
obj
ect
s.
T
he
ob
j
ect
s
us
e
d
in
the
pa
pe
r
wer
e
al
l
si
m
il
ar;
def
ining
only
one
pa
ram
et
er
cou
ld
be
e
nough
in
s
uch
co
ndit
ion
to
get
the
res
ult.
But
t
he
case
would
no
t
be
t
he
sam
e
al
ways.
T
he
obj
ect
s
m
ay
hav
e
diff
e
re
nt
s
hap
e
s
an
d
siz
es;
in
suc
h
ca
se
s,
it
is
not
en
ough
t
o
m
at
ch
only
the
patte
r
n
of
the
obj
ect
.
Me
asu
r
ing
distance
s
be
tween
t
w
o
po
i
nts,
m
easur
in
g
diam
e
te
rs,
et
c.
cou
l
d
be
a
dd
e
d
t
o
t
he
appli
cat
ion
t
o m
ake it m
or
e pow
e
rful a
nd er
ror
-
fr
ee
.
The
m
ai
n
idea
was
t
o
i
nterf
ac
e
Lab
V
IE
W
a
nd
PLC
for
m
ore
ef
fecti
ve
a
nd
ef
fici
ent
proce
ss
co
ntr
ol.
This
pa
p
er
of
i
nterf
aci
ng
tw
o
m
os
t
po
we
rful
te
chnolo
gies
r
uling
the
in
dus
trie
s
le
ad
to
m
any
new
feat
ures
li
ke
acqu
i
rin
g
data
at
faster
rate,
c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
the
process
accu
ra
te
ly
,
prov
i
ding
Mult
i
-
Taski
ng
operati
ons,
Re
m
ot
e
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
a
nd
seve
ral
ot
her
f
eat
ur
es.
U
sed
c
orrectl
y,
m
ultit
hr
ea
ding
offers
num
ero
us
be
ne
fits
inclu
ding
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt
CP
U
us
e,
bette
r
syst
e
m
reli
abili
ty
,
and
im
pr
ove
d
perform
ance
on
m
ulti
pr
ocess
or
c
om
pu
te
rs.
Using
Lab
VI
E
W,
w
e
can
sta
rt
t
od
ay
to
m
axim
iz
e
per
f
orm
ance
on
m
ulti
thread
e
d
ope
rati
ng
syst
em
s
an
d
m
ul
ti
pr
ocess
or
com
pu
te
rs
w
it
ho
ut
i
ncr
easi
ng
ei
ther
y
our
de
velo
pm
ent
tim
e
or
the
com
plexity
of
your
app
li
cat
io
n.
B
ecause
the
m
ulti
thread
in
g
te
chnolo
gy
of
L
abVIE
W
is
im
ple
m
ented
tr
ans
par
e
ntly
,
no
ext
ra
pro
gr
am
m
ing
i
s r
e
qu
i
red to ta
ke full a
dv
a
nta
ge o
f
m
ultithr
e
adin
g
te
ch
nolo
gies.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
, a
utho
rs of t
his
pap
e
r wou
ld
li
ke
to
s
how
our g
rati
tud
e
to our
fam
i
ly
, f
r
ie
nd
s
and c
ollea
gu
e
s fo
r
s
har
i
ng
their
pear
ls
of
wisdom
w
it
h
us d
ur
i
ng the c
ourse
of t
his r
es
earch
p
a
per.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Anjal
i
S,e
t
a
l(20
14).
,
Applicati
o
n
of
MO
DBU
S
to
Com
m
unic
at
e
the
PLC
and
L
ab
VIEW
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ea
l
Ti
m
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s
s
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ernat
ional
Journal
o
f Emerging
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ie
n
c
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n
ee
ri
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y
th, e
t
a
l
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Papadopoul
os, E
et al (
2008)
Pattern
Anal
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hin
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utomate
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hest
er,
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il
e
y
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IS&T
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roposed
a
new
fea
tur
e
of
Color
m
at
chi
ng
Techni
que
b
y
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par
i
son wit
h
a
ref
erence
image.
[8]
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ED
Vision
Te
chno
logi
es
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0
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on
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a
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hin
e
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on
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essed
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h
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p:
//
ww
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l
li
edv
isiont
e
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om
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le
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nt/
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l
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er
li
ght
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co
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utorials/c
om
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ure
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hine
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lt
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ade
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i
c
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R
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chno
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ch
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es
y
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bl
i
nk/ADRTec
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as
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te
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ark
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tech
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ch
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h
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ht
tp:
/
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t
ec
h
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com/
en
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us/product
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-
w
ebc
am
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c615
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pute
r
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aphi
cs
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ia
l
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essed
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h
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v
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org/
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utor/filtering
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hine
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ook)
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essed
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se.
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chi
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ovimed.
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um
i
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ent
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nnec
t
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y
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l
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essed
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r
y
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htt
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.
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m
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e
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pape
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407/e
n
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ent
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uct
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essed
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ht
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.