I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
211
~
219
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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j
aa
s
.
v
9
.
i3
.
p
p
2
1
1
-
219
211
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Spectros
co
pic
pro
perties of
lit
h
iu
m
bo
ra
te
g
la
ss
conta
ining
Sm
3+
a
nd Nd
3+
i
o
ns
I
.
K
a
s
hif
1
,
A.
Ra
t
ep
2
,
S.
Ahm
e
d
3
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s,
A
l
-
A
z
h
a
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Eg
y
p
t
2
.3
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
w
o
m
e
n
s
f
o
r
a
rts,
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s,
A
in
S
h
a
m
s Un
iv
e
rsit
y
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E
g
y
p
t
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
2
4
,
2
0
20
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
p
r
2
3
,
2
0
20
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
y
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
L
it
h
iu
m
b
o
ra
te
g
las
s
sa
m
p
les
m
i
x
e
d
w
it
h
a
d
if
fe
re
n
t
c
o
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
o
f
S
m
3
+
a
n
d
Nd
3+
i
o
n
s o
rg
a
n
ize
d
b
y
q
u
e
n
c
h
in
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
.
S
tru
c
t
u
ra
l,
v
ib
ra
ti
o
n
g
ro
u
p
s
a
n
d
sp
e
c
tral
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
les
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
u
sin
g
X
-
ra
y
d
if
f
r
a
c
ti
o
n
,
F
T
IR,
UV
/Vis/NIR
a
n
d
p
h
o
t
o
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
.
T
h
e
X
-
ra
y
c
o
n
f
i
rm
e
d
th
e
li
th
i
u
m
b
o
ra
te
g
las
s
sa
m
p
les
c
o
n
tain
in
g
S
m
3+
a
n
d
Nd
3+
io
n
s
in
th
e
a
m
o
rp
h
o
u
s
sta
te.
L
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
sp
e
c
tra
o
f
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
les
e
x
c
it
e
d
a
t
4
0
0
n
m
r
e
c
o
rd
e
d
,
h
e
re
th
re
e
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
b
a
n
d
s
o
b
se
rv
e
d
in
V
isib
le
re
g
io
n
,
w
h
ich
d
u
e
to
sp
e
c
tra
m
a
teria
ls
(S
m
3
+
,
Nd
3
+
).
T
h
e
s
e
in
d
ica
te
th
a
t
th
e
se
g
las
s
sa
m
p
les
re
sp
o
n
sib
le
o
ra
n
g
e
e
m
is
sio
n
a
n
d
u
se
d
i
n
th
e
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
a
teria
ls
f
o
r
L
ED,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
d
e
v
ice
s.
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
v
ib
ra
t
io
n
g
ro
u
p
s
o
f
th
e
g
las
s
m
a
tri
x
stu
d
ied
u
si
n
g
F
T
IR
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
o
r
ate
g
lass
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
S
m
3
+
an
d
Nd
3+
io
n
DT
A
FT
I
R
Op
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
XR
D
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
I
.
Kash
i
f
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
P
h
y
s
ics
,
Al
-
A
z
h
ar
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Nasr
C
it
y
,
C
air
o
,
E
g
y
p
t
.
E
m
ail:
i
s
m
a
ilk
a
s
h
if
5
2
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
B
o
r
ate
g
lass
es
ac
t
as
h
o
s
t
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
lu
m
in
esce
n
ce
an
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ical
l
y
,
t
h
e
b
o
r
ate
g
las
s
,
f
r
ee
an
d
co
n
tai
n
in
g
r
ar
e
ea
r
th
o
r
tr
an
s
itio
n
ele
m
e
n
ts
is
a
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
o
p
tics
,
q
u
an
t
u
m
elec
tr
o
n
ics,
laser
g
en
er
atio
n
,
s
cin
t
illatio
n
s
,
t
h
er
m
o
l
u
m
i
n
esc
en
t
d
o
s
i
m
eter
s
,
d
etec
to
r
s
,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
f
th
e
io
n
izi
n
g
r
ad
iatio
n
,
an
d
m
a
n
y
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[1
-
1
1
]
.
B
o
r
ate
g
lass
es
ar
e
v
ital
g
lass
f
o
r
m
er
s
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
m
aj
o
r
f
u
n
ct
io
n
i
n
d
iv
er
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
B
O
3
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
v
ib
r
atio
n
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
b
r
i
d
g
in
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
(
NB
Os)
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
in
b
o
r
ate
g
la
s
s
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
h
en
th
e
B
2
O
3
co
n
te
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
1
0
m
o
l%
to
3
0
m
o
l%
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
.
Sil
icate
g
las
s
e
s
ar
e
a
h
o
s
t
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
esce
n
ce
o
f
r
ar
e
-
ea
r
th
a
n
d
tr
an
s
itio
n
m
etal
io
n
s
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
licate
g
l
ass
es
g
o
o
d
o
p
tical
a
n
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
ex
ce
llen
t c
h
e
m
ical
d
u
r
ab
il
it
y
[
1
5
]
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
a
n
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
lit
h
i
u
m
b
o
r
ate
g
la
s
s
es
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
S
m
3+
s
t
u
d
ied
.
An
d
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
S
m
3+
co
n
ten
t
i
n
g
la
s
s
s
a
m
p
le
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
le
d
en
s
i
t
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
B
O
4
m
o
d
u
les.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
s
p
ea
k
s
d
e
f
in
ed
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
g
la
s
s
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
S
m
3+
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
a
m
ar
iu
m
-
f
r
ee
g
l
ass
.
T
h
ese
g
lass
s
a
m
p
les
e
m
it
ted
s
tu
r
d
y
p
ea
k
at
5
9
8
n
m
w
h
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
4
G
5/2
→
6
H
7/2
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
e
s
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
g
la
s
s
ca
n
ad
j
u
s
t
f
o
r
L
E
D
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
Fro
m
r
ar
e
-
ea
r
t
h
io
n
s
,
th
e
S
m
3+
io
n
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le,
S
m
3+
io
n
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
ip
u
late
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
g
ad
g
e
ts
,
h
ig
h
-
d
en
s
it
y
o
p
tical
s
to
r
ag
e,
co
lo
r
d
is
p
lay
s
,
u
n
d
er
s
ea
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
an
d
v
is
ib
le
s
o
lid
-
s
tate
laser
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
v
i
v
id
e
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
ar
ea
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
4
G
5/2
lev
el
o
f
S
m
3+
p
o
s
s
e
s
s
e
s
r
elati
v
el
y
h
i
g
h
q
u
a
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t
u
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
1
1
–
2
1
9
21
2
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
i
n
d
icate
s
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
p
o
p
u
latin
g
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
e
m
is
s
io
n
ch
a
n
n
els
[
1
9
]
.
So
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
tu
d
ied
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
S
m
3+
io
n
-
d
o
p
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
h
o
s
t
g
las
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
[
2
0
-
2
2
]
.
Neo
d
y
m
i
u
m
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ax
i
m
a
s
tu
d
ied
r
ar
e
-
ea
r
th
io
n
s
an
d
d
is
co
v
er
ed
to
h
av
e
v
ast ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
p
h
o
to
n
ic
g
ad
g
et
s
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
an
d
o
th
er
m
a
n
y
s
t
u
d
ies
o
f
s
y
n
th
etic
an
d
o
p
tical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
h
av
e
m
ad
e
o
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
g
la
s
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
ta
in
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Nd
3+
o
r
S
m
3+
.
B
u
t
th
er
e
h
av
e
f
e
w
s
tu
d
ie
s
o
f
th
eir
p
r
esen
ce
to
g
et
h
er
in
th
e
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
le
s
.
T
h
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
ch
an
g
in
g
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
w
i
th
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ele
m
e
n
t
s
t
u
d
ied
.
I
t
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
Nd
3+
w
it
h
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
S
m
3+
.
As
w
el
l
a
s
t
h
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
w
i
t
h
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
S
m
3+
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
Nd
3+
co
n
ten
t [
2
5
,
2
6
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
r
ep
lacin
g
S
m
3+
b
y
N
d
3+
o
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al,
th
er
m
al
,
o
p
tical,
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
S
m
3+
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Dif
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3.
RE
SU
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Fig
u
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ates
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u
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1
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s
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I
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A
p
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I
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N:
2
2
5
2
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8814
S
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h
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icate
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r
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.
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3
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t f
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f
B
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3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
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8814
I
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v
A
p
p
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,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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3
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s
[
3
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
p
tical
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
th
e
lit
h
i
u
m
b
o
r
ate
g
la
s
s
d
o
p
ed
w
it
h
1
m
o
l
%
S
m
2
O
3
o
r
Nd
2
O
3
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
an
d
s
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
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itti
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
f
—
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
i
n
s
id
e
S
m
3+
io
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
I
R
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
g
lass
es d
o
p
ed
w
it
h
Nd
3+
a
n
d
S
m
3+
io
n
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
Vis
-
NI
R
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lit
h
iu
m
b
o
r
ate
g
las
s
es d
o
p
ed
Nd
3+
an
d
S
m
3+
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
4
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
le
v
e
ls
o
f
Nd
3+
d
o
p
ed
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lith
i
u
m
b
o
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ate
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lass
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
(
R
ai
an
d
R
ai
2
0
0
6
)
.
T
r
a
n
si
t
i
o
n
4
I
9
/
2
→
W
a
v
e
l
en
g
t
h
(
n
m)
W
a
v
e
n
u
mb
e
r
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c
m
-
1
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a
v
e
n
u
mb
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r
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
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m
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6
0
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4
4
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2
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2
4
1
9
0
8
4
1
9
0
1
8
4
G
5
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2
5
8
2
1
7
1
8
2
1
7
1
6
7
2
H
11/
2
6
2
4
1
6
0
2
6
1
6
0
2
6
4
F
9/
2
6
8
0
1
4
7
0
6
1
4
8
5
4
4
S
3/
2
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4
6
1
3
4
0
5
1
3
4
6
0
4
F
5/
2
8
0
2
1
2
4
6
9
1
2
5
7
3
4
F
3/
2
8
6
8
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
5
2
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
S
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
p
r
o
p
erti
es o
f lith
iu
m
b
o
r
a
te
g
l
a
s
s
co
n
ta
in
in
g
Sm
3+
a
n
d
N
d
3+
i
ons
(
I
.
K
a
s
h
if
)
215
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
o
p
tical
a
b
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
th
e
lit
h
i
u
m
b
o
r
ate
g
las
s
d
o
p
ed
w
it
h
1
m
o
l %
S
m
2
O
3
o
r
Nd
2
O
3
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
4
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
le
v
e
ls
o
f
S
m
3+
d
o
p
ed
in
lit
h
iu
m
b
o
r
ate
g
lass
e
s
T
r
a
n
si
t
i
o
n
W
a
v
e
l
en
g
t
h
(
n
m)
W
a
v
e
n
u
mb
e
r
(
c
m
-
1
)
6
H
5/
2
→
4
F
7
/
2
4
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
6
H
5/
2
→
6
F
9
/
2
1
0
6
6
9
3
8
0
6
H
5/
2
→
6
F
7
/
2
1
2
1
4
8
2
3
7
6
H
5/
2
→
6
F
5
/
2
1
3
5
8
7
3
6
3
6
H
5/
2
→
6
F
3
/
2
1
4
5
8
6
8
5
8
T
h
e
o
p
tical
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
g
las
s
co
n
tai
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
Nd
2
O
3
an
d
S
m
2
O
3
i
n
d
icate
s
f
i
f
tee
n
d
is
t
in
ct
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
an
d
s
at
3
4
6
,
4
2
8
,
4
7
2
,
5
1
0
,
5
2
4
,
5
8
2
,
6
8
0
,
7
4
6
,
8
0
2
,
8
6
8
,
4
0
0
,
1
0
6
6
,
1
2
1
4
,
1
3
5
8
,
an
d
1
4
5
8
n
m
w
h
ich
d
u
e
to
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
o
f
4
I
9/2
→
4
D
1/2
,
2
P
1/2
,
2
G
9/2
,
4
G
9/2
,
4
I
9/2
→
4
G
7/2
,
4
I
9/2
→
4
G
5/2
,
4
F
9/2
,
4
S
3/2
,
4
F
5/2
,
4
F
3/2
,
f
o
r
th
e
4
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
lev
el
s
o
f
Nd
3+
a
n
d
6
H
5/2
→
4
F
7/2
,
6
H
5/2
→
6
F
9/2
,
6
H
5/2
→
6
F
7/2
,
6
H
5/2
→
6
F
5/2
,
6
H
5/2
→
6
F
3/2
f
o
r
th
e
4
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
lev
el
s
o
f
S
m
3+
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
Fro
m
f
ig
u
r
e
5
,
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
in
te
n
s
it
y
b
an
d
at
5
8
2
n
m
r
ed
u
ce
as
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
S
m
3+
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
d
o
p
in
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
alter
th
e
le
v
el
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
Nd
3+
a
n
d
S
m
3+
io
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
Nd
2
O
3
co
n
te
n
t
in
t
h
e
g
la
s
s
ca
u
s
ed
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
an
d
s
t
o
b
ec
o
m
e
s
h
ar
p
er
.
T
h
e
o
p
tical
b
an
d
g
ap
E
opt
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
α
h
ν
=
A
(
h
ν
-
E
opt
)
n
.
W
h
er
e:
A
is
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
n
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
t
y
p
e,
w
h
er
ein
n
=2
in
d
ica
tes an
i
n
d
ir
ec
t tr
an
s
i
tio
n
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
u
g
g
es
ts
t
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
tr
an
s
itio
n
v
ia
p
lo
ttin
g
(
α
h
ν
)
1/2
v
s
.
h
ν
.
E
x
tr
ap
o
latin
g
th
e
li
n
e
(
s
tr
aig
h
t)
to
th
e
h
ν
ax
is
g
i
v
es
th
e
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
b
an
d
g
ap
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
s
am
p
les.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
i
r
ec
t
b
an
d
g
ap
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
(
3
.
4
5
,
3
.
4
,
3
.
4
3
,
3
.
1
9
an
d
3
.
4
1
eV)
.
I
t
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
l
o
w
er
o
p
tical
b
an
d
g
ap
en
er
g
y
(
E
opt
)
in
a
s
a
m
p
le
co
n
tain
i
n
g
0
.
7
5
m
o
l
%
s
a
m
ar
iu
m
o
x
i
d
e.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
r
a
r
e
ea
r
th
o
x
id
e
i
n
to
t
h
e
g
las
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
b
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id
g
in
g
o
x
y
g
en
a
n
d
h
en
ce
g
en
er
ates
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
o
x
id
ati
o
n
s
tates
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
i
x
ed
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n
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
b
r
id
g
in
g
o
x
y
g
en
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t tr
an
s
itio
n
b
y
p
lo
ttin
g
(
α
h
ν
)
1/2
v
s
.
h
ν
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
late
d
(
f
cal
)
,
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
(
f
exp
)
o
s
cillato
r
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
s
o
f
th
e
g
la
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tain
i
n
g
S
m
3
+
a
n
d
R
MS
d
e
v
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
o
s
cillati
n
g
s
tr
e
n
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
(
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
an
d
th
eo
r
etica
l)
ca
lc
u
lated
,
a
n
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
J
u
d
d
-
O
f
elt
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
[
3
3
,
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
R
MS
d
ev
iatio
n
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
r
elatio
n
[
3
5
-
3
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
1
1
–
2
1
9
216
=
√
∑
(
f
−
f
)
2
−
3
2
(
1
)
N
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
en
er
g
y
lev
el
s
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
e
xp
,
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
c
al
o
s
cil
lato
r
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
g
la
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tain
i
n
g
Nd
3+
an
d
R
MS
d
ev
iatio
n
.
Fro
m
tab
le
6
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
is
v
er
y
lo
w
(
<
1
)
w
h
ich
i
n
d
icate
s
th
e
J
-
O
th
eo
r
y
is
v
alid
[
3
8
,
3
9
]
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
R
MS
i
m
p
l
y
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
f
it
tin
g
r
elatin
g
to
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
exp
a
n
d
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
f
ca
l
o
s
cillato
r
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
.
T
h
is
s
a
m
p
le
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
li
g
h
t
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
f
exp
a
n
d
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
cal
.
T
h
r
ee
J
u
d
d
-
Of
elt
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
S
m
3
+
an
d
Nd
3+
d
o
p
ed
g
lass
s
a
m
p
le
s
o
b
tain
ed
,
Ω
2
p
a
r
a
m
eter
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
o
r
Sm
3+
a
n
d
O
2
-
lig
a
n
d
co
v
alen
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
ar
iu
m
io
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
So
m
et
i
m
e
s
th
e
s
a
m
ar
iu
m
h
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
m
a
y
a
c
h
an
ce
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
in
t
h
e
cr
y
s
talli
n
e
f
ield
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
ar
iu
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
.
T
ab
le
5
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
en
er
g
ie
s
(
E
ex
p
)
,
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
(
f
e
x
p
)
an
d
ca
lcu
lated
(
f
ca
l)
o
s
cil
lato
r
s
tr
en
g
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ield
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icate
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m
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H
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,
6
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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217
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11/2
,
4
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5/2
→
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9/2
.
A
lt
er
n
ativ
e
S
m
3+
io
n
s
d
o
p
ed
g
lass
es
(
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
n
eo
d
y
m
i
u
m
)
r
ev
ea
l
f
o
u
r
l
u
m
in
e
s
ce
n
ce
s
tr
o
n
g
b
an
d
s
at
5
6
2
,
5
9
9
,
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d
6
4
6
n
m
.
T
h
o
s
e
b
an
d
s
attr
ib
u
ted
4
G
5/2
→
6
H
5/2
,
4
G
5/2
→
6
H
7/2
,
4
G
5/2
→
6
H
9/2
tr
an
s
it
io
n
s
o
f
S
m
3
+
io
n
s
i
n
g
las
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
b
an
d
in
te
n
s
it
ies r
eg
u
lar
elev
a
ted
Sm
3+
io
n
atte
n
tio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
m
i
x
ed
r
ar
e
ea
r
th
g
las
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
4
3
,
4
4
]
.
T
ab
le
7
.
J
u
d
d
-
Of
elt
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
(
Ω
λ
×1
0
–
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cm
2
)
an
d
tr
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
Ω
λ
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
Nd
3
+
g
las
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es
S
a
mp
l
e
Ω
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x
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0
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cm
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cm
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x
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e
n
d
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3
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9
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.
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5
6
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3
0
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1
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.
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2
4
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0
3
1
2
0
.
7
7
2
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4
8
5
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4>
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2
5
0
.
5
7
5
2
.
4
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1
.
3
7
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T
ab
le
8
.
J
u
d
d
-
Of
elt
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
(
Ω
λ
×1
0
–
20
cm
2
)
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d
tr
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
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λ
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
S
m
3+
g
las
s
es
S
a
mp
l
e
Ω
2
x
1
0
-
20
cm
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2
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4
x
1
0
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20
cm
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2
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6
x
1
0
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20
cm
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2
T
r
e
n
d
1
0
.
3
1
6
1
.
6
4
1
.
3
9
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6>
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2
2
0
.
0
1
6
0
0
.
9
1
4
0
.
9
4
7
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6>
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4>
Ω
2
3
0
.
5
1
0
0
.
3
6
2
0
.
5
8
0
Ω
6>
Ω
2>
Ω
4
4
0
.
4
1
8
0
.
5
7
5
0
.
6
1
1
Ω
6>
Ω
4>
Ω
2
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
S
m
3+
-
Nd
3+
co
n
ta
in
i
n
g
lit
h
i
u
m
b
o
r
ate
g
la
s
s
es e
x
cited
at
4
0
0
n
m
As
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
(
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
)
p
o
s
s
ib
le
Nd
3+
io
n
en
er
g
y
4
F
3/2
lev
el
tr
an
s
f
er
to
th
e
S
m
3+
io
n
6
F
9/2
le
v
el.
T
h
er
eb
y
S
m
3+
io
n
ex
cited
6
F
9/2
to
4
G
7/2
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
d
e
-
ex
c
ites
to
4
G
5/2
v
ia
n
o
n
r
ad
iati
v
e
d
ec
ay
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
e
n
s
t
h
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
tr
an
s
it
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
S
m
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io
n
s
4
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.
T
h
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
S
m
3+
e
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
e
x
p
en
s
es
t
h
e
Nd
3+
e
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e
s
.
T
h
e
b
r
an
ch
i
n
g
r
atio
B
v
a
lu
e
f
o
u
n
d
h
ig
h
e
s
t
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
4
G
5/2
→
6
H
7/2
(
n
ea
r
o
r
an
g
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
)
in
t
h
e
g
las
s
es
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
B
f
o
r
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
4
G
5/2
→
6
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7/2
i
s
6
0
,
5
7
an
d
5
1
%
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
m
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
g
la
s
s
s
y
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te
m
s
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
B
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
r
o
m
S
m
3+
io
n
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
es
u
lt
s
s
u
g
g
est
s
t
h
at
th
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
ed
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
S
m
3+
io
n
s
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
N
d
3+
io
n
s
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
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th
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tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
o
r
an
g
e
e
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
S
m
3+
io
n
s
in
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
ied
g
las
s
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
g
lass
e
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
r
an
g
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
d
ev
ices.
B
esid
es
,
th
e
r
ep
lacin
g
0
.
2
5
m
o
le% S
m
3+
b
y
Nd
3+
g
iv
e
s
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t i
n
t
en
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
itted
r
ad
iatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
1
1
–
2
1
9
218
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
le
v
el
tr
an
s
it
io
n
o
f
Nd
3+
,
S
m
3
+
io
n
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Sa
m
ar
i
u
m
an
d
n
eo
d
y
m
i
u
m
i
o
n
s
d
o
p
ed
L
it
h
i
u
m
b
o
r
ate
g
l
ass
p
r
ep
ar
ed
an
d
s
t
u
d
ied
.
T
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
le
s
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
in
cr
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s
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a
m
ar
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m
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in
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s
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d
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e
d
is
ti
n
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n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
ex
p
er
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m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
ca
lc
u
lated
d
en
s
it
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
as
th
e
s
a
m
ar
i
u
m
co
n
ten
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
v
ib
r
atio
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
g
la
s
s
m
atr
ix
h
a
v
e
s
t
u
d
ied
an
d
in
d
icate
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
r
ar
e
ea
r
th
io
n
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
B
O
3
v
ib
r
atio
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
B
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4
an
d
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
n
o
n
b
r
id
g
in
g
o
x
y
g
en
.
J
u
d
d
—
O
f
e
lt
(
J
—
O)
p
r
in
cip
le
h
as
ap
p
lied
an
d
e
v
alu
a
tes
J
—
O
in
te
n
s
i
t
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
(
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
an
d
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
)
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
ese
g
las
s
s
a
m
p
les
ar
e
a
n
s
w
er
ab
le
f
o
r
o
r
an
g
e.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
J
-
O
an
a
l
y
s
is
,
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
th
e
g
lass
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
l
u
m
in
e
s
ce
n
t
an
d
laser
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
g
l
ass
es
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ac
t
li
k
e
an
o
r
an
g
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
d
e
v
ice
as
w
ell
a
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
u
n
X
.
-
Y.,
e
t
a
l
,
“
L
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
T
b
3
+
-
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
B2
O3
–
G
e
O2
–
G
d
2
O3
sc
in
ti
l
latin
g
g
las
se
s
,
”
J
.
No
n
-
Cry
st.
S
o
li
d
s
,
v
o
l.
3
7
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
-
1
3
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
T
h
o
m
a
s
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
ic
a
n
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
stu
d
ies
o
f
S
m
3
+
io
n
s
in
li
th
i
u
m
z
in
c
b
o
ra
te
g
l
a
ss
e
s
,
”
J
.
No
n
-
Cry
st.
S
o
li
d
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
7
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
Ba
b
u
,
A
.
M
.
,
Ja
m
a
laia
h
,
B.
C.
,
S
a
sik
a
la,
T
.
,
S
a
lee
m
,
S
.
A
.
,
M
o
o
rth
y
,
L
.
R.
,
“
A
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
is
sio
n
sp
e
c
tral
stu
d
ies
o
f
S
m
3
+
d
o
p
e
d
lea
d
t
u
n
g
s
tate
g
las
se
s
,
”
J
.
Al
lo
y
s Co
mp
d
,
v
o
l.
5
0
9
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
4
7
4
3
-
4
7
4
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
Ja
m
a
laia
h
B.
C.
,
Ku
m
a
r
J.
S
.
,
Ba
b
u
A
.
M
.
,
S
u
h
a
si
n
i
T
.
,
M
o
o
r
th
y
L
.
R.
,
“
P
h
o
to
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
S
m
3
+
in
L
B
TA
F
g
las
s
e
s
,
”
J
.
L
u
min
,
v
o
l.
1
2
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
-
3
6
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
L
a
k
sh
m
in
a
ra
y
a
n
a
G
.
,
Qiu
J.,
“
P
h
o
t
o
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
o
f
P
r
3
+
,
S
m
3
+
a
n
d
D
y
3
+
-
d
o
p
e
d
S
iO
2
–
A
l2
O3
–
Ba
F
2
–
G
d
F
3
g
las
se
s
,”
J
Al
lo
y
s Co
mp
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
-
2
,
p
p
.
4
7
0
-
476
,
2
0
0
9
.
[6
]
S
o
m
T
.
,
Ka
r
m
a
k
a
r
B.
,
“
In
f
ra
re
d
-
to
-
re
d
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
in
sa
m
a
riu
m
-
d
o
p
e
d
a
n
ti
m
o
n
y
g
las
s
e
s
,”
J
.
L
u
min
,
v
o
l.
1
2
8
,
n
o
.
12
,
p
p
.
1
9
8
9
-
1
9
9
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
Kin
d
ra
t
I.
I.
,
P
a
d
ly
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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7
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9
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in
:
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.
(Ed
s.),
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D.K.
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,
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+
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in
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2
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re
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sp
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f
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m
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+
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in
P
2
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5
–
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–
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2
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g
las
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s
,”
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a
B:
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3
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a
tt
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r,
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t
a
l
,
“
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u
it
a
b
il
it
y
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f
Nd
(III)
a
b
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p
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stru
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tern
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m
N
a
2
O
-
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-
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iO2
,”
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.
No
n
-
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st.
S
o
li
d
s
,
v
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l.
2
3
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4
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a
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a
Da
s,
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n
a
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n
d
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P
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iv
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d
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RN,
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d
d
h
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d
u
S
.
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
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tra
o
f
Nd
3
+
:CaO
–
L
a
2
O3
–
B2
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g
las
se
s
,”
M
a
ter
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ls L
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tt
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l.
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.
[2
5
]
.
Ra
o
,
T
.
G
.
V
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M
.
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
Op
ti
c
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a
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d
stru
c
tu
ra
l
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
m
3
+
–
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3
+
c
o
-
d
o
p
e
d
in
m
a
g
n
e
siu
m
lea
d
b
o
r
o
sili
c
a
te g
las
se
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
s a
n
d
Ch
e
mistry
o
f
S
o
li
d
s
,
v
o
l.
74
,
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o
.
3
,
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p
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4
1
0
–
4
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7
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2
0
1
3
.
[2
6
]
Jo
sh
i,
J.
C.
,
S
HI,
J.
A
.
,
Be
lwa
lab
,
R.
,
Jo
sh
i
,
C.
,
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
N.
C.
,
“
N
o
n
-
ra
d
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e
e
n
e
rg
y
tran
sfe
r
f
ro
m
S
m
3
+
→Nd
3
+
in
so
d
iu
m
b
o
ra
te g
las
s
,”
j.
P
h
y
s Ch
e
m.
S
o
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d
s
,
v
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l.
39
,
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o
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5
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p
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7
]
W
a
n
g
F
.
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
T
h
e
in
f
lu
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n
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o
f
T
e
O2
o
n
th
e
rm
a
l
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y
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.
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μm
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e
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tro
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o
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ro
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in
Er3
+
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d
o
x
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f
lu
o
rit
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las
se
s
,”
S
p
e
c
tro
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h
im
Acta
A:
M
o
l.
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l.
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,
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l
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1
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0
,
p
p
.
1
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2
–
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9
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2
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[2
8
]
Da
h
sh
a
n
,
A
.
,
“
T
h
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m
a
l
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o
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ti
c
s o
f
n
e
w
A
s
-
Ge
-
Se
-
S
b
g
las
se
s
,”
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.
No
n
-
Cr
y
st.
S
o
li
d
s
,
v
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l.
354
,
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o
.
26
,
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.
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h
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Acta
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[3
6
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sh
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,
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8
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9
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“
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[4
1
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h
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.
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2
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rg
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C
K,
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R.
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rt,
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[4
4
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E.
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B.
,
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h
a
leb
D.,
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.
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.
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