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Nsu
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E
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State,
Nig
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m
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f
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tu
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
o
u
r
wo
r
l
d
to
d
ay
,
we
h
a
v
e
u
n
d
er
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ate
d
th
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lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
d
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ctiv
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d
s
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tain
ab
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wo
u
ld
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f
f
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to
h
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m
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d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
wh
ich
is
a
f
r
ee
an
d
r
ep
le
n
is
h
ab
le
g
if
t
f
r
o
m
n
atu
r
e
is
m
ea
n
t
to
b
e
h
ar
n
ess
ed
an
d
u
tili
ze
d
e
f
f
icien
tly
.
As
it
is
in
ex
ce
s
s
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
l
d
n
o
tab
ly
in
Nig
e
r
ia,
co
u
ld
b
e
an
alter
n
ate
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
g
r
ee
n
an
d
clea
n
en
e
r
g
y
as it is b
ec
o
m
in
g
th
e
talk
o
f
th
e
to
w
n
[
1
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
wh
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is
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
m
i
s
s
in
m
an
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
esp
ec
ially
in
Af
r
ica
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
to
b
e
ter
r
ib
ly
an
s
wer
ab
le
f
o
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th
e
p
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o
r
f
i
n
an
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
es
e
ar
ea
s
[
2
]
.
On
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
b
eh
in
d
t
h
is
is
th
at
g
r
id
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
to
p
r
o
v
in
c
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
co
s
tly
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
s
tr
etch
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g
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u
t
th
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g
r
i
d
to
th
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n
etwo
r
k
s
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en
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a
d
d
ed
t
o
th
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p
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wer
lev
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g
ets
ex
ce
s
s
iv
ely
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
an
d
m
ay
h
asten
elec
tr
icity
d
esti
tu
tio
n
in
s
u
c
h
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
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n
tatio
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f
c
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m
b
in
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d
s
y
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tem
s
,
is
s
u
es
f
r
o
m
in
ter
m
itt
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r
e
n
ewa
b
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g
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o
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an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
,
o
v
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izin
g
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
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co
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
ca
r
e
o
f
.
I
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r
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n
t
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ea
r
s
,
r
esear
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wo
r
k
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v
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m
e
p
o
p
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lar
to
ca
lc
u
late
elec
tr
icity
d
em
an
d
s
[3
]
-
[
5
]
an
d
th
is
r
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ch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
:
1
–
12
2
h
av
e
a
f
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
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wer
s
o
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ce
s
im
p
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v
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ec
o
n
o
m
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s
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s
tain
ab
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in
d
ev
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lo
p
in
g
n
atio
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s
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
Sen
e
g
al,
I
n
d
ia,
I
r
an
,
an
d
Ma
lay
s
ia
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
C
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
eses
s
y
s
tem
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
ee
n
as
a
v
ital
is
s
u
e
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
o
co
n
s
en
t
to
Dec
em
b
er
1
9
9
7
s
Ky
o
to
'
s
co
n
v
en
tio
n
o
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en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
an
g
e
(
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
em
an
atio
n
s
)
,
ar
o
u
n
d
1
6
0
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
h
av
e
ar
r
iv
e
d
at
a
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
(
to
g
o
to
in
ex
h
au
s
tib
le/win
d
/PV
ca
p
ac
ity
)
t
o
r
estrict
ca
r
b
o
n
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
wh
i
ch
is
th
e
ch
ief
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
an
ea
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th
-
wid
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war
m
in
g
[
7
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
way
,
th
e
jo
b
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
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n
p
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wer
s
u
p
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ly
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
r
s
is
ex
ce
p
tio
n
ally
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal.
Su
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
an
d
litt
le
s
ca
le
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
iv
ely
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iewe
d
as a
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
less
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
r
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
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wer
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ex
is
t
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
in
ex
h
au
s
tib
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
ar
ea
ex
p
licit
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d
ir
r
eg
u
lar
i
n
n
at
u
r
e.
So
as
to
h
av
e
a
s
o
lid
s
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s
tem
,
eith
e
r
en
o
r
m
o
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s
s
ize
p
o
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p
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t
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f
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ased
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y
s
tem
o
r
in
teg
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ated
s
y
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tem
co
n
tain
in
g
a
t
least
two
r
en
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b
le
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y
(
RE
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s
o
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s
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
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d
.
A
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
at
least
two
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
s
atis
f
y
r
eq
u
est
is
k
n
o
wn
as
in
teg
r
ated
r
en
ew
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
(
I
R
E
S)
[
9
]
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
a
g
o
o
d
c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
elec
tr
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
is
o
lated
ar
ea
s
to
m
ee
t
th
e
elec
tr
icity
n
ee
d
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
Dep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
av
ailab
ili
ty
o
f
lo
ca
l
R
E
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
in
g
le
s
o
u
r
ce
b
ased
,
o
r
in
te
g
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
o
f
r
em
o
te
a
r
ea
s
[
8
]
.
As
th
e
wo
r
ld
ec
o
n
o
m
y
co
n
tin
u
es
to
g
r
o
w,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
g
r
o
w
to
o
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
co
s
t
o
f
u
p
g
r
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
to
m
ee
t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
,
in
ad
eq
u
ate
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
n
ew
g
en
er
atin
g
p
lan
ts
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
ac
q
u
i
r
in
g
way
-
lea
v
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
u
r
al
d
weller
s
ar
e
ju
s
t
a
f
ew
r
ea
s
o
n
s
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
ar
e
with
o
u
t
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
.
Nig
er
ia
to
d
ay
h
as
1
0
0
%
r
elian
ce
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
elec
tr
if
ic
atio
n
,
an
d
th
is
h
as
m
ad
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
n
o
t
to
m
ee
t
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
e
x
ten
s
io
n
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
eliab
le
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
led
to
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
alter
n
ate
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
.
Als
o
,
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
is
n
o
w
a
s
er
io
u
s
c
ase
wh
er
e
ev
er
y
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
h
av
e
h
an
d
s
o
n
d
e
ck
in
o
t
h
er
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
p
en
d
in
g
d
o
o
m
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
o
llu
tio
n
o
n
ea
r
th
is
alar
m
in
g
an
d
th
a
t
if
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
is
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
r
s
to
p
p
ed
,
th
e
ea
r
th
is
b
o
u
n
d
to
b
ec
o
m
e
in
h
ab
itab
le
[
2
]
.
W
ith
t
h
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ev
e
r
y
h
u
m
an
h
as
to
d
o
ev
er
y
t
h
in
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
r
in
t o
n
th
e
ea
r
t
h
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
th
e
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
r
u
r
al
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
u
s
in
g
in
teg
r
ate
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wh
ile
its
o
b
jectiv
es
in
clu
d
e:
c
alcu
lat
ein
g
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
e
r
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a,
m
o
d
ellin
g
an
d
s
im
u
latin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
R
E
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
u
s
in
g
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
HOM
E
R
)
s
o
f
twar
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
elled
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
to
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
ies,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
,
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
d
wel
ler
s
.
T
h
e
b
en
ef
its
wo
u
l
d
b
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
:
p
r
ess
u
r
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
n
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
i
es
to
s
u
p
p
ly
p
o
wer
to
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
a
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
a
ch
ea
p
er
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
to
u
tili
ty
u
s
er
s
,
a
p
o
llu
tio
n
f
r
ee
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
f
o
r
r
esear
c
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a
(
UNN)
as
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
P
o
ten
tial
d
ata
ar
e
f
r
o
m
UNN
an
d
o
n
lin
e
d
atab
ase
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Natio
n
al
R
en
e
wab
le
E
n
er
g
y
L
a
b
o
r
ato
r
y
(
N
R
E
L
)
an
d
Natio
n
al
Aer
o
n
au
tics
an
d
Sp
ac
e
Ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
(
NASA)
.
T
h
e
R
E
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
win
d
,
s
u
n
(
s
o
lar
)
,
a
n
d
b
io
d
iesel
wh
ile
th
e
R
E
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
clu
d
es
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
,
s
o
lar
PV,
b
io
d
iesel
g
en
e
r
at
o
r
,
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
an
d
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
is
HOM
E
R
wh
ich
en
g
in
ee
r
s
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
is
t
u
s
e
to
wo
r
k
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
I
R
E
S
was
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
R
am
ak
u
m
a
r
.
I
n
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
R
am
ak
u
m
ar
,
Hu
g
h
es,
B
u
tler
,
an
d
Po
d
r
ig
u
ez
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
,
th
e
y
ass
ess
ed
th
e
tech
n
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
ar
ts
o
f
litt
le
s
ca
le
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
I
R
E
S
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
in
cial
ter
r
ito
r
ies
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
e
x
am
i
n
atio
n
was
co
m
p
leted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
elec
tr
icity
r
eq
u
es
ts
lik
e
co
o
k
in
g
,
wate
r
s
y
s
tem
,
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
elec
tr
icity
u
s
in
g
tan
d
em
an
d
ca
s
ca
d
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Su
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ly
r
an
d
o
m
in
n
atu
r
e
an
d
t
h
eir
s
ea
s
o
n
al
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
ten
d
s
to
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
.
A
f
ew
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
p
le
n
itu
d
e
d
u
r
in
g
b
r
ig
h
t
s
ea
s
o
n
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ly
p
l
en
ty
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
ain
y
s
ea
s
o
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
en
er
g
y
in
s
m
all
lo
ca
lity
in
o
th
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
s
in
g
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
is
a
g
o
o
d
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
u
ld
b
e
a
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
SP
V)
s
y
s
tem
,
a
m
i
cr
o
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
(
MH
P)
s
y
s
t
em
,
a
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
(
W
E
C
S)
o
r
a
b
i
o
m
ass
g
asifier
s
y
s
tem
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
t
em
o
n
s
in
g
le
b
ase
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
s
u
itab
le
i
n
ar
ea
s
o
f
v
illag
e
clu
s
ter
an
d
lar
g
e
d
em
an
d
ar
ea
d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
c
o
s
t
an
d
lo
w
r
elia
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
th
en
ca
lls
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
to
in
teg
r
ate
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
R
E
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
v
er
co
m
es th
e
wea
k
n
ess
o
f
o
n
e
s
o
u
r
ce
with
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
a
n
o
th
er
.
Ak
ella
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
d
ef
i
n
ed
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
I
R
E
S
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
J
au
n
p
u
r
s
q
u
a
r
e
o
f
Uttar
a
k
h
an
d
s
tate,
I
n
d
ia.
E
lectr
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p
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o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
h
y
d
r
o
p
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(
MH
P),
b
io
m
ass
,
s
u
n
b
ased
(
s
o
lar
)
an
d
win
d
elec
tr
icity
ass
ets.
T
h
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d
is
co
v
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th
at
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p
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r
a
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I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
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I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
Off
-
g
r
id
r
u
r
a
l
elec
tr
ifica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
in
teg
r
a
ted
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
A
ma
n
z
e
C
h
u
kwu
eb
u
ka
F
o
r
tu
n
e)
3
Ar
ab
ali
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
u
s
ed
th
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA)
an
d
a
t
wo
-
p
o
in
t
esti
m
ate
m
et
h
o
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t o
f
an
SP
V
-
W
in
d
in
t
eg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
h
av
in
g
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
e
x
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
(
E
E
)
wer
e
also
esti
m
ated
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
s
h
if
tin
g
(
L
S)
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
es.
T
h
e
y
we
r
e
ab
le
to
g
et
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
t
o
tal
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
en
s
u
r
ed
lo
ad
is
r
eliab
l
y
s
er
v
ed
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
GA
co
n
v
er
g
es
wel
l
an
d
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
s
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
izin
g
eith
er
o
f
t
h
e
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
,
a
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
o
r
a
n
SP
V
-
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
in
cl
u
s
io
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
SP
V
-
w
in
d
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
eliab
le
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
.
Patil
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
7
u
n
elec
tr
if
ied
v
illag
es
in
th
e
Alm
o
r
a
d
is
tr
ict
o
f
Uttar
ak
h
an
d
s
tate,
I
n
d
ia
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
I
R
E
S
to
ca
ter
f
o
r
t
h
eir
elec
tr
ical
n
ee
d
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
e
x
p
ec
ted
en
er
g
y
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
lied
(
E
E
NS)
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
d
ex
r
atio
(
E
I
R
)
.
T
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
c
o
s
t
(
C
I
C
)
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
wo
r
k
o
u
t
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
co
s
t,
co
s
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
(
C
OE
)
an
d
o
p
tim
u
m
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
ed
4
4
.
9
9
%
m
icr
o
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
(
M
HP)
,
3
0
.
0
7
%
b
io
m
ass
,
5
.
1
9
%
b
io
g
as
an
d
4
.
1
6
%
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
alo
n
g
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
win
d
(
1
.
2
7
%)
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
p
lan
ta
tio
n
(
1
2
.
3
3
%)
was
d
is
co
v
er
ed
to
b
e
t
h
e
b
est
co
m
b
in
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ar
ea
h
av
i
n
g
a
n
o
p
tim
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
0
.
9
5
E
I
R
at
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
co
s
t o
f
R
s
1
9
.
4
4
lacs w
ith
an
e
s
t
im
ated
C
OE
o
f
R
s
3
.
3
6
p
er
k
W
h
.
Gu
p
ta
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
o
lar
,
s
m
all
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
er
(
SHP),
b
io
m
ass
,
b
io
g
as,
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
b
atter
y
b
an
k
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
o
f
9
g
r
id
i
s
o
lated
v
illag
es
o
f
Nar
en
d
r
a
Nag
a
r
s
id
e
o
f
T
e
h
r
i
Gar
h
wal
o
f
Uttar
ak
h
an
d
State
in
I
n
d
ia.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
e
m
an
d
s
id
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
DSM)
s
tr
ateg
y
with
h
o
u
r
b
y
h
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
te
g
er
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
was
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
u
n
it
c
o
s
t
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
m
o
n
t
h
ly
,
h
o
u
r
ly
a
n
d
d
aily
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
with
s
to
r
ag
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
h
av
i
n
g
u
s
ed
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
lo
ad
cu
r
v
es
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
d
u
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
e
,
ac
cu
r
ately
d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
o
f
th
e
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
p
o
licies
o
v
e
r
a
y
ea
r
was
s
h
o
wn
to
b
e
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ac
cu
r
ate.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
lan
n
i
n
g
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
o
p
tim
u
m
d
esig
n
f
o
r
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
h
y
b
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
2
1
]
,
th
ey
p
r
es
en
ted
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
o
f
f
g
r
id
I
R
E
S
f
o
r
th
e
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
o
f
I
n
d
ia.
So
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
SP
V)
,
m
icr
o
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
(
MH
P),
b
io
m
ass
,
an
d
win
d
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
b
atter
y
as
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
to
elec
tr
if
y
th
e
clu
s
ter
o
f
1
2
v
illag
e
s
o
f
Dew
al
b
lo
ck
o
f
Uttar
ak
h
an
d
s
tate
o
f
I
n
d
ia.
T
h
ey
s
u
g
g
ested
d
em
a
n
d
s
id
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
DSM)
u
s
in
g
lo
ad
s
h
if
t
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
with
DSM
an
d
with
o
u
t
DSM
was
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
f
in
ally
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
v
ar
iatio
n
in
b
atter
y
c
o
s
t,
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
co
s
t
a
n
d
b
io
m
ass
p
r
ice
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
I
R
E
S wa
s
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
m
ad
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
wo
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
ey
in
clu
d
e
tak
in
g
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
s
en
s
itiv
ity
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
ch
an
g
e
in
b
io
d
iesel
p
r
ice
a
n
d
i
n
ter
est
r
ate,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ch
an
g
e
in
lo
ad
,
s
ize
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
I
R
E
Ss
an
d
to
o
k
it
also
to
o
k
ac
c
o
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ad
eq
u
ate
in
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
ased
o
n
d
em
an
d
s
id
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
with
h
o
u
r
b
y
h
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
,
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
,
b
atter
y
ce
ll,
an
d
b
io
d
iesel
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
b
ased
i
n
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a,
E
n
u
g
u
State,
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
b
est
m
ix
o
f
R
E
T
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
r
ea
d
ily
av
ailab
le
in
a
lo
ca
tio
n
wh
ich
ca
n
m
ee
t
th
e
p
o
wer
d
em
a
n
d
in
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
r
eliab
le
m
an
n
er
.
E
s
tim
ate
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
em
an
d
an
d
th
e
id
en
tific
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
m
o
d
el
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
ele
ctr
icity
b
ased
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
R
E
T
with
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
HOM
E
R
.
R
elatin
g
to
co
s
t,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
m
ix
wo
u
ld
b
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
OE
an
d
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
to
g
r
id
ex
ten
s
io
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
is
a
co
s
t
es
tim
atio
n
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
Ni
g
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a,
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
ject.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
th
is
wo
r
k
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
co
s
t
esti
m
atio
n
with
av
ailab
le
win
d
,
s
o
lar
a
n
d
b
io
d
iesel
d
ata.
I
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
elec
tr
ic
s
y
s
tem
d
r
awin
g
s
o
r
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
d
r
awin
g
s
in
ad
eq
u
ate
d
etails.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
th
is
is
a
b
u
lk
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
i
x
o
f
R
E
T
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
co
s
t
o
f
e
ac
h
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
2
2
]
is
th
e
p
r
o
ject
s
ite
lo
ca
tio
n
o
n
th
e
m
a
p
.
2
.
1
.
Study
a
re
a
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
i
a,
Nsu
k
k
a
r
ef
er
r
e
d
co
m
m
o
n
ly
as
UNN,
is
a
Fed
er
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
lo
ca
ted
in
Nsu
k
k
a,
E
n
u
g
u
State
in
Nig
er
ia.
UNN
h
as
i
ts
lo
ca
tio
n
at
6
°
5
1
′2
4
″
N
L
atitu
d
e
&
7
°2
3
′4
5
″
E
L
o
n
g
itu
d
e
(
5
5
2
M
ab
o
v
e
s
ea
lev
el)
[
2
3
]
.
Nsu
k
k
a
s
h
ar
es
co
m
m
o
n
b
o
r
d
er
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
to
wn
s
:
E
h
a
alu
m
o
n
a,
E
d
e
m
,
Alo
r
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
:
1
–
12
4
Un
o
,
Op
i,
Or
b
a,
Ob
u
k
p
a
,
an
d
Ob
im
o
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ca
m
p
u
s
is
at
a
r
u
r
al
a
r
ea
with
a
lan
d
m
ass
o
f
8
7
1
h
ec
tar
es
(
2
,
1
5
0
ac
r
es).
N
s
u
k
k
a
is
en
d
o
wed
with
ap
p
r
e
ciab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
(
R
E
)
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
o
lar
,
win
d
an
d
b
io
m
ass
en
er
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Po
liti
ca
l m
ap
o
f
Nsu
k
k
a
in
d
icatin
g
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a
2
.
2
.
Descript
io
n o
f
lo
a
d a
re
a
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
e
r
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
a
d
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
Var
iatio
n
in
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
lo
ad
ar
ea
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ad
ar
ea
s
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
r
esid
en
tial
ar
ea
,
th
e
c
o
m
m
er
cial
a
r
ea
an
d
th
e
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
ese
l
o
ad
s
ar
e
lu
m
p
in
t
o
o
n
e
lo
ad
ty
p
e
wh
ic
h
is
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lo
ad
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
L
o
a
d
dem
a
nd
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
f
o
r
a
1
2
m
o
n
th
d
u
r
atio
n
(
Oct
o
b
er
2
0
1
8
to
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
9
)
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
d
ata
is
g
i
v
en
in
T
a
b
le
1
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
an
aly
s
is
an
d
t
h
is
d
ata
is
th
e
ex
ac
t
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
o
f
th
e
UNN.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a
f
r
o
m
its
UNN
1
1
k
V
f
ee
d
er
S
/
N
M
o
n
t
h
Y
e
a
r
U
n
i
t
(
K
w
h
)
R
a
t
e
(N)
A
mo
u
n
t
(N)
V
a
t
(N)
To
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
(N)
1.
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
7
0
5
,
4
7
9
4
5
.
0
6
3
1
,
7
8
8
,
4
7
8
.
2
1
,
5
8
9
,
4
2
3
.
9
1
3
3
,
3
7
7
,
9
0
2
.
1
1
2.
N
o
v
e
mb
e
r
2
0
1
8
8
0
1
,
6
4
0
4
5
.
0
6
3
6
,
1
2
1
,
8
9
8
1
,
8
0
6
,
0
9
4
.
9
2
3
7
,
9
2
7
,
9
9
3
.
3
2
3.
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
7
2
6
,
9
1
0
4
5
.
0
6
3
4
,
3
7
6
,
7
2
4
.
6
1
,
7
1
8
,
8
3
6
3
6
,
0
9
5
,
5
6
0
4.
Jan
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
9
7
1
3
,
0
4
0
4
5
.
0
6
3
2
,
1
2
9
,
5
8
3
.
4
1
,
6
0
6
,
4
7
9
.
1
2
3
3
,
7
3
6
,
0
6
1
.
5
2
5.
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
9
9
2
8
,
9
0
0
4
5
.
0
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4
1
,
8
5
6
,
2
3
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2
,
0
9
2
,
8
1
1
.
7
4
3
,
9
4
9
,
9
4
5
.
7
6.
M
a
r
c
h
2
0
1
9
1
,
1
9
0
,
7
2
0
4
5
.
0
6
5
3
,
6
5
3
,
8
4
3
.
2
2
,
6
8
2
,
6
9
2
.
1
6
5
6
,
3
3
6
,
5
3
5
.
3
6
7.
A
p
r
i
l
2
0
1
9
9
2
0
,
0
9
0
4
5
.
0
6
4
1
,
4
5
9
,
2
5
5
.
4
2
,
0
7
2
,
9
6
2
.
7
7
4
3
,
5
3
2
,
2
1
8
.
1
7
8.
M
a
y
2
0
1
9
9
0
8
,
5
9
0
4
5
.
0
6
4
0
,
9
4
1
,
0
6
5
.
4
2
,
0
4
7
,
0
5
3
.
2
7
4
2
,
9
8
8
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1
1
8
.
6
7
9.
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
9
8
2
1
,
4
4
0
4
5
.
0
6
3
7
,
0
1
4
,
0
8
6
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4
1
,
8
5
0
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7
0
4
.
3
2
3
8
,
8
4
6
,
7
9
0
.
7
2
1
0
.
Ju
l
y
2
0
1
9
9
9
3
,
8
2
0
4
5
.
0
6
4
4
,
7
8
1
,
5
2
9
.
2
2
,
2
3
9
,
0
7
6
.
4
6
4
7
,
0
2
0
,
6
0
5
.
6
6
1
1
.
A
u
g
u
st
2
0
1
9
8
1
4
,
6
3
0
4
5
.
0
6
3
6
,
7
0
7
,
2
2
7
.
8
1
,
8
3
5
,
3
6
1
.
3
9
3
8
,
5
4
2
,
5
8
9
.
1
9
1
2
.
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
6
0
1
,
7
8
0
4
5
.
0
6
2
7
,
1
1
6
,
2
0
7
.
0
0
1
,
3
5
5
,
8
1
0
.
3
4
2
8
,
4
7
2
,
0
1
7
.
3
4
I
n
th
e
12
-
m
o
n
th
an
aly
s
is
,
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
1
0
,
1
2
7
,
0
3
9
k
W
h
(
1
0
,
1
2
7
.
0
4
MWh
)
is
u
s
ed
p
er
y
ea
r
at
an
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
8
4
3
,
9
1
9
.
9
2
k
W
h
/m
o
n
th
(
8
4
3
.
9
2
MWh
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lo
ad
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
d
aily
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
is
g
iv
en
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
th
e
lo
ad
m
o
d
elin
g
u
s
in
g
a
b
a
s
elin
e
v
alu
e
o
f
1
6
8
.
3
an
d
a
l
o
ad
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
3
4
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
ca
lin
g
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws m
o
n
th
ly
clea
r
n
ess
in
d
ex
an
d
d
aily
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
o
f
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Scalin
g
o
f
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
M
e
t
r
i
c
B
a
se
l
i
n
e
S
c
a
l
e
d
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
(
k
W
h
/
d
a
y
)
1
6
5
.
4
4
2
7
,
8
4
3
.
9
2
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
(
k
W
)
6
.
8
8
1
,
1
6
0
.
1
P
e
a
k
(
k
W
)
2
0
.
4
7
3
,
4
4
3
.
3
Lo
a
d
.
3
4
.
3
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
Off
-
g
r
id
r
u
r
a
l
elec
tr
ifica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
in
teg
r
a
ted
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
A
ma
n
z
e
C
h
u
kwu
eb
u
ka
F
o
r
tu
n
e)
5
Tab
le 3
.
M
o
n
th
ly
c
lea
rn
e
ss
in
d
e
x
a
n
d
d
a
il
y
s
o
lar rad
iati
o
n
o
f
c
a
se
stu
d
y
a
re
a
M
o
n
t
h
C
l
e
a
r
n
e
ss
i
n
d
e
x
D
a
i
l
y
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
k
W
h
/
m
2
d
a
y
)
Jan
0
.
6
1
2
5
.
6
8
1
F
e
b
0
.
5
8
2
5
.
7
4
2
M
a
r
0
.
5
3
8
5
.
5
7
1
A
p
r
0
.
5
0
2
5
.
2
5
1
M
a
y
0
.
4
8
4
4
.
9
4
4
Ju
n
0
.
4
5
4
4
.
5
4
3
Ju
l
0
.
4
1
2
4
.
1
4
2
A
u
g
0
.
3
8
0
3
.
9
1
1
S
e
p
t
0
.
4
0
7
4
.
1
9
2
O
c
t
0
.
4
5
9
4
.
5
7
4
N
o
v
0
.
5
4
5
5
.
1
1
2
D
e
c
0
.
6
0
3
5
.
4
6
3
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
lectr
ic
lo
a
d
o
f
(
a)
d
aily
elec
tr
ic
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
(
b
)
s
ea
s
o
n
al
elec
tr
ic
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
il
e
2
.
3
.
Renew
a
ble r
eso
urce
s
a
s
s
es
s
m
ent
in ca
s
e
s
t
ud
y
a
re
a
C
o
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
im
u
latio
n
is
th
e
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
b
io
d
iesel
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
ass
es
s
m
en
t is sh
o
wn
b
elo
w.
2
.
3
.
1
.
So
la
r
ener
g
y
re
s
o
urs
e
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nig
er
ia,
Nsu
k
k
a
is
lo
ca
ted
in
a
r
eg
io
n
r
ic
h
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
an
n
u
al
s
o
lar
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
ap
s
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
was
g
o
tten
f
r
o
m
NASA.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
NASA
web
s
ite
d
ata
b
ase
was
g
o
tt
en
u
s
in
g
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
co
o
r
d
in
ates
.
B
ased
o
n
m
o
n
th
ly
av
er
ag
e
d
aily
g
l
o
b
al
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
th
e
a
n
n
u
al
s
ca
led
av
er
ag
e
o
f
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
was
ca
l
cu
lated
to
b
e
4
.
9
3
k
W
h
/m
2
/d
ay
.
T
h
e
g
l
o
b
al
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
o
n
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
b
ased
o
n
clea
r
n
ess
in
d
e
x
an
d
m
o
n
th
ly
av
er
a
g
e
d
d
aily
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
,
m
o
n
th
ly
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
es
ar
e
f
o
r
a
2
2
y
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ased
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ased
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ased
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Ap
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I
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N:
2
2
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u
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ased
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n
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p
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t,
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n
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d
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ased
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2
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Co
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T
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e
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e
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s
t,
ca
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s
t
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d
o
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m
ai
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ten
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v
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tiv
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h
e
co
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ter
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as
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s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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8
8
1
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I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
:
1
–
12
8
2
.
4
.
5
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
s
t
o
ra
g
e
W
h
en
av
ailab
le
R
E
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
,
th
e
b
atte
r
y
s
to
r
ag
e
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
wh
en
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
is
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
b
atter
y
w
o
u
ld
s
u
p
p
ly
i
ts
r
eser
v
ed
e
x
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
to
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
.
Ho
m
er
wo
u
l
d
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
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o
t
h
th
e
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io
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
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atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
ep
ar
ately
to
g
et
o
p
t
i
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Su
r
r
ette
6
C
S
2
5
P
Kin
etic
b
atter
y
m
o
d
el
ty
p
e
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ted
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e
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atter
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al
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e
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ts
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lace
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en
t
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o
s
t
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d
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ap
ital
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s
t
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o
ciate
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e
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atter
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m
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s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
is
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y
s
tem
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g
iv
en
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Fig
u
r
e
4
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
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e
o
f
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h
e
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y
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tem
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject
2
.
4
.
6
.
O
t
her
co
ns
t
ra
ints
B
io
d
iesel
p
r
ice
ch
a
n
g
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
life
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
v
ar
ia
b
les
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
b
io
d
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p
r
ice
o
n
$
0
.
6
5
an
d
$
0
.
7
p
e
r
liter
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
b
io
d
iesel
p
r
ice
o
n
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
5
.
E
co
no
m
ic
m
o
dellin
g
E
co
n
o
m
ics
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
t
h
is
s
im
u
latio
n
as
to
tal
NPC
an
d
L
C
OE
ar
e
b
ein
g
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
HOM
E
R
in
g
ett
in
g
th
e
id
ea
l
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ch
o
s
en
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
th
e
NP
C
an
d
l
if
e
-
cy
cle
co
s
t (
L
C
C
)
.
2
.
5
.
1
.
E
co
no
m
ic
inp
uts
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
a
v
e
a
life
tim
e
o
f
2
5
y
ea
r
s
with
1
0
% a
n
n
u
al
d
is
co
u
n
t r
ate.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
o
ject
life
tim
e
,
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e
s
y
s
tem
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ix
ed
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p
ital
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s
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
t
o
b
e
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1
0
,
0
0
0
h
av
in
g
its
O&
M
co
s
t
to
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e
esti
m
ated
at
$500
p
e
r
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
f
ix
ed
ca
p
ital
co
s
ts
i
n
clu
d
e
lo
g
is
tics
,
v
ar
io
u
s
civ
il
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
,
wag
es,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t a
p
p
r
o
v
als,
licen
s
es
,
an
d
o
th
er
m
is
ce
llan
eo
u
s
co
s
ts
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
also
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t o
n
in
ter
est r
ate.
2
.
5
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
H
O
M
E
R
T
h
e
HOM
E
R
s
o
f
twar
e
s
im
u
lates
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
d
esig
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
tio
n
th
at
w
o
u
ld
s
atis
f
y
th
e
l
o
ad
with
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
at
th
e
lo
west
L
C
C
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
wo
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
all
s
tated
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
th
eir
tech
n
ical
an
d
co
s
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
b
est co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lt wo
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
g
r
id
ex
te
n
s
io
n
b
ased
o
n
L
C
OE
.
2
.
6
.
O
ptim
iza
t
io
n
pro
ce
s
s
T
o
m
ee
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
at
th
e
lo
west
to
tal
NPC
is
th
e
aim
o
f
th
e
HOM
E
R
s
im
u
latio
n
.
HOM
E
R
wo
u
ld
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
s
e
n
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les.
HOM
E
R
co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
th
e
b
io
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
if
it
s
h
o
u
ld
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
u
s
in
g
lo
a
d
f
o
llo
win
g
o
r
cy
cle
ch
a
r
g
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
o
th
er
e
v
alu
atio
n
cr
it
er
ia
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
NPC
an
d
L
C
OE
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
r
a
n
k
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l sy
s
tem
.
T
h
e
NPC
is
es
tim
ate
d
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
.
=
IC
C
−
∑
(
(
1
+
)
)
=
1
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
C
Fy
,
r
an
d
I
C
C
ar
e
ca
s
h
f
lo
w
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tim
e
s
tep
s
y
,
in
ter
est
r
ate
an
d
in
itial
ca
p
ita
l
co
s
t
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
HOM
E
R
,
th
e
L
C
OE
i
s
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
to
th
e
s
er
v
ed
en
er
g
y
in
k
W
h
as
s
ee
n
in
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
Off
-
g
r
id
r
u
r
a
l
elec
tr
ifica
tio
n
u
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teg
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le
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g
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r
ce
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(
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ma
n
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e
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h
u
kwu
eb
u
ka
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o
r
tu
n
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9
=
,
+
(
4
)
T
h
e
th
e
a
n
n
u
al
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
C
ann,
tot
in
$
/y
,
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boile
r
is
th
e
m
ar
g
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al
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
b
o
iler
in
$
/
k
W
h
,
E
served
is
to
tal
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
s
er
v
ed
in
k
W
h
/y
an
d
H
served
is
to
tal
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
s
er
v
e
d
(
k
W
h
/y
)
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
h
as n
o
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
H
served
=
0
.
Sin
ce
o
u
r
an
aly
s
is
h
as n
o
h
as n
o
d
ef
er
r
ab
le
l
o
ad
s
,
th
e
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
en
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b
le
e
n
er
g
y
t
h
at
is
u
s
ed
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er
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e
p
r
im
ar
y
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a
d
.
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h
e
en
er
g
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
lo
ad
wh
ic
h
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
th
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
f
r
ac
tio
n
an
d
its
eq
u
atio
n
is
g
i
v
en
in
(
5
)
.
=
+
,
+
+
(
5
)
W
h
er
e,
E
grid,
sales
is
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
ld
to
th
e
g
r
i
d
(
k
W
h
/y
)
,
E
s
erved
is
th
e
to
tal
elec
tr
ical
lo
a
d
s
er
v
ed
(
k
W
h
/y
)
,
E
nonren
is
th
e
n
o
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
lectr
ical
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
(
k
W
h
/y
)
,
H
nonren
is
th
e
n
o
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
th
er
m
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
(
k
W
h
/y
)
an
d
H
served
is
th
e
to
tal
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
s
er
v
ed
(
k
W
h
/y
)
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
H
nonren
an
d
E
grid,
sa
les
=
0.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
b
y
HOM
E
R
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
R
E
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
s
t,
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
s
izes.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
o
f
ea
ch
s
o
u
r
ce
with
th
eir
in
itial
an
d
p
r
esen
t
co
s
t
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
th
em
f
o
r
8
,
7
6
0
h
o
u
r
s
in
a
y
ea
r
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
ir
s
t,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es o
f
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
i
s
.
3
.
1
.
O
ptim
iza
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
m
ix
o
f
R
E
T
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
UNN
is
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
PV
-
Ar
r
a
y
,
b
io
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
,
s
u
r
r
ette
6
C
S2
5
P
b
atter
ies,
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
an
d
a
r
ec
ti
f
ier
with
a
d
is
p
atch
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
cy
cle
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
w
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
at
UNN,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ex
em
p
te
d
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
its
o
p
tim
al
m
ix
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
at
2
.
6
4
m
/s
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
$
0
.
7
p
er
liter
f
o
r
p
r
ice
o
f
b
io
d
iesel.
T
h
e
to
tal
NPC
,
ca
p
ital
co
s
t
a
n
d
L
C
OE
f
o
r
s
u
ch
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
$
5
5
,
7
4
8
,
7
3
0
.
0
0
,
$
3
7
,
6
6
8
,
4
9
9
.
2
5
,
an
d
$
0
.
1
9
0
0
p
er
k
W
h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
t
h
ly
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
elec
tr
icity
i
n
k
W
b
y
th
e
PV
a
n
d
b
io
d
iesel g
en
er
ato
r
(
B
DG)
is
g
iv
en
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
8
an
d
T
ab
le
9
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
th
e
PV
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
h
ig
h
est
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
ici
ty
in
th
is
ca
s
e.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
B
DG
i
s
at
f
u
ll
lo
ad
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
2
,
0
1
4
,
0
3
2
k
W
h
/y
ea
r
with
a
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
6
.
0
5
%.
Fro
m
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
lev
el,
th
e
L
C
OE
o
f
th
e
B
DG
s
y
s
tem
b
ec
o
m
es
0
.
1
2
6
p
e
r
k
W
h
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
y
s
tem
co
m
b
in
atio
n
,
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
io
d
iesel p
lan
t is f
o
r
1
,
1
3
4
h
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
es 5
6
4
,
0
9
2
L
o
f
b
io
f
u
el
.
T
ab
le
8
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lt
Te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
PV
(
k
W
)
W
i
n
d
Tu
r
b
i
n
e
B
D
G
(
k
W
)
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
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o
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v
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r
t
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r
(
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D
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sp
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t
c
h
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
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n
i
t
i
a
l
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a
p
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t
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l
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
C
o
s
t
(
$
/
y
e
a
r
)
To
t
a
l
N
P
C
LC
O
E
(
$
/
k
W
h
)
6
,
4
0
5
0
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8
0
0
1
5
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1
4
6
2
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2
7
8
LF
3
7
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7
M
6
2
6
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1
5
0
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5
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M
0
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9
0
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9
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5
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1
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7
0
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6
M
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2
4
1
1
3
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2
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7
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6
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3
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9
M
0
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2
5
2
0
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2
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2
.
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3
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6
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8
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4
3
M
2
.
6
1
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8
3
.
8
M
0
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2
8
6
3
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5
0
3
,
8
0
0
0
3
0
1
CC
2
.
6
1
M
3
.
3
5
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9
9
.
3
M
0
.
3
3
8
0
0
3
,
8
0
0
0
0
CC
1
.
3
3
M
3
.
4
0
M
9
9
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6
M
0
.
3
3
9
0
1
3
,
8
0
0
0
0
CC
1
.
3
6
M
3
.
4
0
M
9
9
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6
M
0
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3
4
0
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1
6
7
3
,
8
0
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0
1
2
6
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2
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2
4
M
3
.
3
7
M
9
9
.
7
M
0
.
3
4
0
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
n
th
ly
a
v
er
ag
e
ele
ctr
ic
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
:
1
–
12
10
T
ab
le
9
.
E
lectr
icity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
k
W
h
/
y
r
%
G
e
n
e
r
i
c
f
l
a
t
p
l
a
t
e
P
V
1
0
,
4
6
8
,
7
3
8
8
3
.
9
A
u
t
o
si
z
e
G
e
n
s
e
t
2
,
0
1
4
,
0
3
2
1
6
.
1
To
t
a
l
1
2
,
4
8
2
,
7
7
0
1
0
0
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
0
,
4
6
8
,
7
3
8
k
W
h
/y
ea
r
,
o
p
er
atin
g
f
o
r
4
,
4
8
5
h
(
o
r
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
a
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ac
to
r
o
f
1
8
.
7
%).
T
h
e
L
C
OE
o
f
s
o
l
ar
elec
tr
icity
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
to
b
e
$
0
.
0
6
9
7
/k
W
h
.
1
,
0
1
2
,
0
6
8
k
W
h
/y
ea
r
o
f
elec
tr
icity
wh
ich
is
8
.
1
1
%
o
f
to
tal
elec
tr
icity
g
en
e
r
ated
g
o
es
u
n
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
m
in
im
al
d
em
a
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ee
t
u
p
with
t
h
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
d
em
an
d
in
tim
e
t
o
co
m
e.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
d
e
m
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
in
cr
e
ase
in
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
ilit
ies
an
d
b
u
ild
in
g
co
m
p
lex
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
s
er
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
em
an
d
o
f
o
th
er
n
ea
r
b
y
v
illag
es
an
d
t
h
is
ca
u
s
e
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
l
o
ad
f
ac
t
o
r
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
co
s
t
p
er
k
W
h
.
T
h
e
ca
s
h
f
lo
w
s
u
m
m
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
s
y
s
tem
i
s
g
iv
en
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
b
io
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
ca
p
ital
co
s
t
m
ak
es
u
p
3
5
.
3
1
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ital
co
s
t,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
o
f
4
3
.
0
4
%
g
o
es
to
th
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
ash
f
lo
w
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
SP
V
is
a
c
h
ea
p
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ain
tain
an
d
o
p
er
ate
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
B
DG
wh
ich
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
2
6
.
1
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
an
n
u
al
co
s
t.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
b
lo
c
k
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
o
n
ey
b
ein
g
s
p
en
t o
n
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Fro
m
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
,
we
ca
n
d
ed
u
ce
th
at
m
o
s
t o
f
t
h
e
co
s
t f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
o
n
th
e
g
en
er
ic
f
lat
p
late
PV.
3
.
2
.
Sens
it
iv
it
y
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
is
to
d
etec
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
n
th
e
L
C
OE
o
f
ea
ch
m
o
d
el.
I
n
th
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
an
d
lo
ca
l
m
ar
k
et,
t
h
e
b
io
d
iesel
p
r
ice
an
d
m
o
r
e
o
u
tag
e
s
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
d
u
e
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
lo
ad
an
d
o
r
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
in
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
clim
at
ic
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
m
a
k
es
it
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
.
I
n
th
is
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
a
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
b
io
d
iesel
p
r
i
ce
an
d
in
te
r
est
r
ate
o
n
th
e
n
et
p
r
esen
t
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
b
i
o
d
iesel
p
r
ice
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
$
0
.
6
5
to
$
0
.
7
p
e
r
liter
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
an
d
it
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
lo
wer
th
e
d
iesel
p
r
ice,
t
h
e
lo
wer
th
e
NPC
.
T
ab
le
1
0
is
th
e
ch
an
g
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
v
ar
y
in
g
o
f
th
e
in
ter
e
s
t
r
ate
f
r
o
m
0
%
to
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
NPC
.
Fo
r
eq
u
ity
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
th
e
0
%
was
ad
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ject
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
an
in
v
esto
r
b
o
r
r
o
ws
m
o
n
ey
f
r
o
m
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
p
ay
b
ac
k
th
e
lo
an
with
o
u
t
in
ter
est
b
u
t
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
f
it
with
th
e
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
at
th
e
NPC
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
a
s
th
e
in
ter
est
r
ate
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
0
also
s
h
o
ws
h
o
ws
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
i
n
ter
est
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
R
F
an
d
L
C
OE
f
o
r
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
as in
ter
est is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
t
o
th
e
L
C
OE
.
T
ab
le
1
0
.
Sen
s
itiv
ity
r
esu
lt o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
Te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
PV
(
k
W
)
W
i
n
d
Tu
r
b
i
n
e
B
D
G
(
k
W
)
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
k
W
)
D
i
sp
a
t
c
h
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t
r
a
t
e
g
y
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n
i
t
i
a
l
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a
p
i
t
a
l
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
C
o
s
t
(
$
/
y
e
a
r
)
To
t
a
l
N
P
C
LC
O
E
(
$
/
k
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h
)
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