I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d
Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
5
,
p
p
.
55
~
58
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
55
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
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ttp
:
//ia
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n
a
l.c
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lin
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d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
AAS
The Falla
cy
of
Z
e
ro
Inv
entories for
P
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sed
P
a
rts
in S
m
a
l
l
M
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nufacturing
a
nd Jo
b Sho
ps
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.
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ueller
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a
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iha
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rinne D
up
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strial
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Un
iv
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y
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nfo
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a
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a
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m
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f
a
c
tu
re
rs an
d
jo
b
sh
o
p
s.
K
ey
w
o
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d
:
J
u
s
t in
T
i
m
e
M
an
u
f
ac
t
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er
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y
Co
p
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h
t
©
201
5
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
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n
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e
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g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Gh
o
la
m
H.
Ma
s
s
i
h
a
,
Dep
ar
te
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en
t o
f
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
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Un
i
v
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it
y
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i
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at
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a
f
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te,
L
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is
ia
n
a,
US
A
7
0
5
0
4
.
E
m
ail:
m
as
s
i
h
a@
lo
u
is
ia
n
a.
ed
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
an
atte
m
p
t
to
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
in
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
,
s
o
m
e
U
S
f
ir
m
s
h
a
v
e
ad
o
p
ted
a
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
o
f
r
ec
eiv
in
g
m
o
s
t
v
en
d
o
r
s
h
ip
m
e
n
ts
j
u
s
t
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
t
h
en
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
d
eliv
er
i
n
g
th
e
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
ar
ea
to
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
u
s
e.
W
h
ile
i
n
t
h
eo
r
y
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
ill
s
av
e
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
co
s
t,
s
to
r
ag
e
co
s
t,
an
d
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
h
o
ld
in
g
co
s
t,
th
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
o
f
f
er
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
p
itf
a
lls
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
s
m
alle
r
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
an
d
j
o
b
s
h
o
p
s
.
E
v
en
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
it
f
alls
,
t
h
e
“
ze
r
o
in
v
en
to
r
y
”
c
o
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
s
m
aller
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
is
n
o
t
a
s
f
ea
s
ib
le
as
it
m
a
y
i
n
itiall
y
ap
p
ea
r
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
“
p
it
f
all
s
”
i
n
m
o
s
t
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
f
ir
m
s
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ar
e
ce
r
tain
to
h
a
p
p
en
[
1
]
:
1.
A
ct
u
al
o
r
d
er
s
w
i
ll v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
r
ec
ast.
2.
W
o
r
k
lo
ad
s
w
ill
b
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
.
So
m
e
w
o
r
k
ce
n
ter
s
w
ill
b
e
o
v
er
lo
ad
e
d
;
o
th
er
s
w
ill
b
e
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
an
y
g
iv
e
n
p
e
r
io
d
.
3.
Ven
d
o
r
s
w
ill b
e
late
in
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
4.
I
te
m
s
w
il
l b
e
s
cr
ap
p
ed
in
th
e
s
h
o
p
.
5.
Or
d
er
s
w
ill b
e
ca
n
ce
led
.
6.
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
(
o
r
a
cu
s
to
m
er
)
w
il
l
d
ec
id
e
t
h
at
a
n
ite
m
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ed
esig
n
ed
eit
h
er
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
er
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
r
to
m
ee
t
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
7.
A
k
e
y
p
iece
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
w
ill
f
ail.
8.
T
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
p
r
esid
en
t
w
ill
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
d
eli
v
er
y
to
a
f
av
o
r
ed
cu
s
to
m
er
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
o
ze
n
p
l
an
n
i
n
g
h
o
r
izo
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
5
:
55
–
58
56
2.
Z
E
RO
I
NVE
NT
O
RY
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
I
n
th
e
Un
ited
State
s
lar
g
e
f
ir
m
s
ten
d
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
ze
r
o
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
lu
r
e
o
f
s
o
le
s
o
u
r
cin
g
,
a
v
e
n
d
o
r
is
co
n
tr
ac
ted
to
b
u
ild
a
w
ar
e
h
o
u
s
e
n
ea
r
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
‟
s
p
la
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
to
d
o
all
th
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
to
r
in
g
an
d
th
en
s
en
d
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
ar
ts
to
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
p
lan
t
as
r
eq
u
ested
o
r
as
n
ee
d
ed
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
lu
r
e
o
f
s
o
le
s
o
u
r
cin
g
is
ag
a
in
u
s
e
d
b
u
t
th
is
ti
m
e
in
s
tead
o
f
w
ar
eh
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
v
en
d
o
r
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
p
o
s
t
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
v
en
d
o
r
r
ath
er
th
a
n
r
is
k
in
g
d
ef
au
lt,
w
i
ll
li
k
el
y
d
eliv
er
ea
r
l
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
o
v
er
-
t
h
e
-
r
o
ad
tr
u
c
k
s
d
r
o
p
lo
ad
ed
tr
ailer
s
eith
er
o
n
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
‟
s
p
ar
k
in
g
lo
t
o
r
at
a
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
lo
ca
tio
n
n
ea
r
b
y
wh
er
e
th
e
y
ca
n
b
e
q
u
ick
l
y
d
i
s
p
atch
ed
to
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
‟
s
p
l
an
ts
.
I
n
eit
h
er
ca
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
ze
r
o
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
ies.
I
t
h
as
j
u
s
t
b
ee
n
s
h
u
f
f
led
ar
o
u
n
d
till
th
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
ca
r
r
ies
it.
L
i
k
e
w
is
e
th
e
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
o
a
w
a
y
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
m
u
s
t
ca
r
r
y
t
h
e
ex
p
e
n
s
e,
p
r
es
u
m
ab
l
y
t
h
e
h
id
d
en
co
s
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
w
ill
ev
e
n
t
u
all
y
b
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
ale
s
p
r
ice
.
An
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
is
th
a
t
t
h
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
is
l
ik
el
y
to
b
e
m
u
c
h
s
m
aller
t
h
an
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
o
th
e
v
e
n
d
o
r
‟
s
cr
ed
it
co
s
t
w
il
l
b
e
h
ig
h
er
a
n
d
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
e
x
tr
a
h
an
d
li
n
g
in
v
o
l
v
ed
w
ill
ca
u
s
e
th
e
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
co
s
ts
to
b
e
h
ig
h
er
th
an
if
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
ca
r
r
ied
th
e
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
i
n
-
h
o
u
s
e
[
2
]
-
[
3
]
.
3.
T
H
E
HE
AP
P
E
AL
OF
Z
E
R
O
I
NVEN
T
O
RY
Ma
j
o
r
J
ap
an
ese
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
es
(
g
en
er
all
y
lar
g
e
as
s
e
m
b
ler
s
)
u
tili
ze
w
h
at
is
ca
lled
a
“
p
u
ll”
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l.
E
ac
h
task
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
e
d
in
g
tas
k
to
b
e
co
m
p
leted
b
ef
o
r
e
w
o
r
k
o
n
t
h
at
ta
s
k
i
n
s
tar
ted
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
w
ill
d
ef
i
n
itel
y
h
o
ld
w
o
r
k
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
o
w
n
b
u
t
u
n
less
w
o
r
k
er
s
ar
e
w
il
lin
g
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
to
d
o
w
h
e
n
ca
u
g
h
t
u
p
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
ill
r
e
s
u
lt
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
eo
p
le
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
ti
m
e
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
n
o
th
in
g
to
d
o
o
r
u
n
d
er
u
tili
ze
d
w
o
r
k
ce
n
t
er
s
.
C
o
n
tr
ast
t
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
ith
t
h
e
Am
er
ican
“
p
u
s
h
”
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
er
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
s
c
h
ed
u
led
to
m
o
r
e
f
u
ll
y
u
t
ilize
w
o
r
k
ce
n
ter
s
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
n
e
l
b
u
t
g
en
er
all
y
at
t
h
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
e
x
tr
a
w
o
r
k
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
ex
ce
s
s
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
o
f
f
in
i
s
h
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
4
]
-
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
u
s
h
s
y
s
te
m
,
ea
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
p
er
ates
as
an
is
o
lated
is
lan
d
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
d
p
u
s
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
c
h
ed
u
les
it
r
ec
eiv
es
f
r
o
m
P
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
.
Up
till
n
o
w
Am
er
i
ca
n
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
s
h
a
v
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
e
attr
ac
ti
v
e
i
n
v
en
to
r
y
r
ed
u
ctio
n
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
ze
r
o
in
v
en
to
r
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
d
u
r
in
g
h
i
g
h
in
ter
e
s
t
r
ate
p
er
io
d
s
)
b
u
t
h
av
e
f
ailed
to
n
o
te
th
at
w
o
r
k
ce
n
ter
s
m
a
y
b
e
u
n
d
er
u
til
ized
an
d
w
o
r
k
er
s
m
a
y
o
cc
as
io
n
all
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
th
i
n
g
to
d
o
.
4.
SUCCE
SS
C
L
AIM
So
m
e
f
ir
m
s
clai
m
to
h
a
v
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
ze
r
o
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
i
n
p
lace
.
I
n
ca
s
es
w
h
er
e
an
in
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
o
r
n
o
in
v
en
to
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
u
s
ed
a
ze
r
o
in
v
en
to
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
y
o
f
f
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
n
tr
o
l,
h
o
w
ev
er
;
i
t
is
m
o
r
e
li
k
el
y
th
at
s
m
a
ller
f
ir
m
s
w
ill
f
ac
e
h
id
d
en
co
s
t
s
,
u
n
d
er
u
t
ilized
w
o
r
k
ce
n
ter
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
d
ev
o
tin
g
to
o
m
u
ch
ti
m
e
to
tr
ac
k
in
g
i
n
co
m
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
s
at
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
i
n
-
h
o
u
s
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
lo
t
o
f
v
i
s
u
al
co
n
tr
o
ls
a
n
d
a
f
u
ll
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
p
lace
.
E
v
en
w
it
h
v
i
s
u
al
s
a
n
d
a
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
it
is
a
l
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
to
h
a
v
e
ze
r
o
i
n
v
en
to
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Yo
u
w
o
u
ld
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
ze
r
o
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
an
d
s
u
p
er
m
ar
k
et
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
u
ilt
-
i
n
f
o
r
u
n
r
eliab
le
s
u
p
p
lies
.
5
.
AB
C
ANALYS
I
S
Am
er
ica
n
s
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
g
o
o
d
id
ea
s
w
h
ic
h
f
ir
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
a
m
i
n
e
b
ef
o
r
e
g
o
in
g
to
an
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
ze
r
o
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
is
A
B
C
A
n
al
y
s
is
.
A
B
C
an
al
y
s
is
is
b
ased
o
n
P
ar
eto
‟
s
L
a
w
:
s
o
m
eti
m
es
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
ask
t
h
e
m
al
-
d
i
s
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
8
0
-
2
0
cu
r
v
e
f
ir
s
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
b
y
Vi
lf
r
ed
o
P
ar
eto
(
1
8
4
8
-
1
9
2
3
)
an
I
talian
ec
o
n
o
m
i
s
t
a
n
d
s
o
cio
lo
g
is
t.
P
ar
eto
n
o
ted
t
h
at
m
a
n
y
s
itu
atio
n
s
ar
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
b
y
a
r
elativ
el
y
f
e
w
v
ital
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
h
e
s
u
r
m
is
ed
th
at
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
e
r
elati
v
el
y
f
e
w
w
ill
g
o
a
lo
n
g
w
a
y
to
war
d
s
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
s
itu
a
tio
n
[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
A
B
C
i
s
a
r
an
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
„
A‟
clas
s
ite
m
s
b
ei
n
g
m
a
n
ag
ed
m
o
s
t
in
ten
s
i
v
el
y
t
h
e
n
„
B
‟
c
lass
ite
m
s
an
d
th
e
n
„
C
‟
clas
s
ite
m
s
.
P
lease
n
o
te
th
a
t
a
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
„
C
‟
class
ite
m
w
il
l
lik
e
l
y
ca
u
s
e
y
o
u
to
m
is
s
o
r
d
elay
s
h
ip
m
en
t
j
u
s
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
a
n
„
A‟
o
r
„
B
‟
clas
s
ite
m
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
w
a
y
y
o
u
m
an
a
g
e
in
v
e
n
to
r
ies
w
ill
v
ar
y
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
m
o
n
g
A
,
B
,
an
d
C
ite
m
s
.
T
o
av
o
id
c
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
t
h
at
A
B
C
An
al
y
s
i
s
m
a
y
n
o
t
m
ea
n
e
x
ac
t
l
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
th
i
n
g
to
ev
er
y
o
n
e
i
n
th
e
p
lan
t.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
i
n
th
e
p
u
r
c
h
ase
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t
A
B
C
An
al
y
s
is
i
s
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
th
e
d
o
llar
v
al
u
e
o
f
a
n
n
u
a
l
p
u
r
ch
a
s
es
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
lin
e
it
e
m
s
w
h
er
ea
s
i
n
t
h
e
w
ar
e
h
o
u
s
i
n
g
,
A
B
C
An
al
y
s
is
is
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
u
s
a
g
e.
Fo
r
clar
it
y
i
n
t
h
is
r
ep
o
r
t
A
B
C
An
al
y
s
i
s
w
ill
r
ef
e
r
to
th
e
p
u
r
c
h
asi
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
w
ar
eh
o
u
s
e
(
s
to
r
ag
e)
ac
tiv
i
ties
w
il
l b
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as h
ig
h
u
s
a
g
e,
m
ed
i
u
m
u
s
a
g
e,
an
d
lo
w
u
s
ag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
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N:
2252
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F
a
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ma
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u
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in
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(
Wil
lia
m
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57
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th
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r
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it
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a
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it
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r
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2
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r
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y
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f
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ater
ial
u
s
ed
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
ite
m
,
3
)
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
i
te
m
,
4
)
lea
d
ti
m
e,
5
)
s
to
r
ag
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
6
)
p
ilf
er
ag
e
r
is
k
,
an
d
7
)
s
h
el
f
li
f
e.
I
t
is
r
elati
v
e
l
y
ea
s
y
to
r
an
k
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n
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s
s
p
en
t
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c
h
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v
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to
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y
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e
ms
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
b
o
d
y
No
Ex
c
e
p
t
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
c
a
se
s
C
L
o
w
A
n
n
u
a
l
C
o
st
,
r
e
mai
n
i
n
g
8
5
-
8
0
%
o
f
l
i
n
e
i
t
e
ms
No
Ex
c
e
p
t
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
c
a
se
s
T
h
e
b
est
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
t
en
s
i
v
e
(
ze
r
o
)
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
w
o
u
ld
b
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
an
n
u
al
co
s
t
ite
m
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
t
h
e
p
u
r
c
h
asi
n
g
clas
s
A
.
E
v
en
t
h
e
n
th
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ev
alu
a
ted
o
n
a
ca
s
e
b
y
ca
s
e
b
asis
.
Am
er
ica
n
m
an
a
g
er
s
s
till
w
a
n
t
th
e
i
n
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t
m
an
a
g
ed
.
De
f
e
cts
ca
n
b
e
h
id
d
en
in
d
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
b
alan
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
i
n
v
en
to
r
y
co
s
ts
a
n
d
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
r
i
s
k
m
u
s
t b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
in
t
is
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
r
elat
iv
el
y
lit
tle
m
o
n
e
y
to
b
e
s
a
v
ed
b
y
i
n
ten
s
i
v
el
y
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
m
o
s
t
p
u
r
ch
a
s
ed
ite
m
s
.
W
e
ca
n
g
en
er
all
y
h
av
e
a
m
p
le
s
a
f
et
y
s
to
ck
s
o
f
m
o
s
t
„
B
‟
an
d
„
C
‟
ite
m
s
o
n
h
an
d
w
h
ich
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
er
v
ice
le
v
el
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
s
t
i
m
p
licati
o
n
.
I
n
d
ee
d
in
ten
s
e
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
o
s
t
„
B
‟
an
d
„
C
‟
ite
m
s
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
s
p
ec
ial
ca
s
es
w
ill
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
co
s
t
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
ca
n
b
e
s
av
ed
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
a
v
in
g
s
o
f
a
ze
r
o
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
(
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
i
n
ter
es
t
r
ates)
ar
e
a
g
r
ea
t
atte
n
tio
n
g
et
ter
f
o
r
lar
g
e
Am
er
ica
n
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
th
e
s
e
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
ar
e
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
f
o
r
s
m
al
ler
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
an
d
j
o
b
s
h
o
p
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
ac
r
i
f
ice
i
n
o
t
h
er
ar
ea
s
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
-
h
o
u
s
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
n
o
r
m
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
(
p
itf
all
s
)
an
d
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
s
ch
ed
u
l
in
g
.
I
n
s
m
a
ller
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
an
d
j
o
b
s
h
o
p
s
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
av
i
n
g
s
th
at
ar
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
ar
e
n
o
t
r
ea
l.
I
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
h
as
n
o
t
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
ed
.
I
n
m
an
y
ca
s
es
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
u
f
f
led
ar
o
u
n
d
an
d
th
e
h
id
d
en
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
co
s
ts
w
ill
en
d
u
p
in
a
h
ig
h
er
p
u
r
ch
a
s
e
p
r
ice.
R
ath
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
v
en
d
o
r
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
,
i
n
m
a
n
y
ca
s
es
,
it is
b
o
th
les
s
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
l
ess
r
is
k
y
,
f
r
o
m
a
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
s
ta
n
d
p
o
in
t,
f
o
r
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
to
ca
r
r
y
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
th
e
b
u
lk
o
f
t
h
e
lin
e
ite
m
s
p
u
r
c
h
ased
.
W
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
l
is
t
o
f
ite
m
s
p
u
r
c
h
ased
o
n
l
y
a
f
e
w
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
le
s
a
v
in
g
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
te
n
s
i
v
e
i
n
v
en
to
r
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
o
n
ce
is
o
late
d
,
th
e
y
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
b
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
o
n
a
ca
s
e
b
y
ca
s
e
b
asis
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Do
n
a
ld
W
.
F
o
g
a
rty
,
T
h
o
m
a
s
R.
Ho
f
fm
a
n
n
,
“
P
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
n
to
ry
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
”
,
S
o
u
t
h
-
W
e
ste
rn
P
u
b
.
C
o
.
,
Cin
c
in
n
a
t
i
,
OH
,
1
9
8
3
.
[2
]
He
n
d
rick
s,
K.
B.
,
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
h
a
l,
V
.
R.
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
su
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
g
li
tch
e
s
o
n
s
h
a
re
h
o
l
d
e
r
v
a
lu
e
”,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
s M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
Vo
l.
2
1
,
p
p
.
5
0
1
-
5
2
2
,
2
0
0
3
.
[3
]
B.
Da
s
m
a
lch
i
,
a
n
d
R.
V
e
rm
e
ji
,
“
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
Ou
tso
u
rc
in
g
:
7
Co
m
m
o
n
P
it
f
a
ll
s to
A
v
o
id
”
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
Ja
n
e
t
Hu
n
t,
“
P
u
sh
S
y
ste
m
V
s.
P
u
l
l
S
y
ste
m
In
v
e
n
to
r
y
Co
n
tro
l
”
,
De
m
a
n
d
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
T
h
o
m
a
s
I.
S
e
id
m
a
n
a
n
d
L
a
w
re
n
c
e
E.
Ho
ll
o
w
a
y
,
“
S
tab
il
it
y
o
f
P
u
ll
P
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
S
y
st
e
m
s
w
it
h
S
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
S
e
tu
p
s”
,
IE
EE
-
T
ra
n
s.
Au
to
.
Co
n
tro
l
,
V
o
l
.
4
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
7
-
1
6
4
7
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
V
il
f
re
d
o
P
a
re
t
o
,
“
T
h
e
m
a
n
u
a
l
o
f
Eco
n
o
m
ics
”
,
1
9
0
6
.
[7
]
F
.
Jo
h
n
Re
h
,
“
Ho
w
th
e
8
0
/2
0
r
u
le
c
a
n
h
e
lp
y
o
u
b
e
m
o
re
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
”
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
5
:
55
–
58
58
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
W
il
li
a
m
M
u
e
ll
e
r
is
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iat
e
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
In
d
u
strial
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
He
h
a
s
M
B
A
f
ro
m
Ea
ste
rn
M
ich
ig
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
He
jo
in
e
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
L
o
u
isian
a
a
f
t
e
r
wo
rk
in
g
m
a
n
y
y
e
a
rs
in
F
ORD
m
o
to
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
a
n
d
A
M
F
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
.
wm
u
e
ll
e
r@lo
u
isian
a
.
e
d
u
G
.
H
.
M
a
ss
ih
a
,
P
h
.
D.
is
a
L
o
u
is
ian
a
Bo
a
rd
o
f
Re
g
io
n
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
a
re
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
ro
b
o
ti
c
s
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
.
M
a
ss
ih
a
@lo
u
isian
a
.
e
d
u
M
r
s.
Co
r
in
n
e
D
u
p
u
y
h
a
s
o
v
e
r
tw
e
n
t
y
f
iv
e
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
wo
rk
in
g
a
n
d
p
ro
v
i
d
in
g
tec
h
n
ica
l
a
ss
istan
c
e
to
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
re
rs
th
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
sta
te
o
f
th
e
L
o
u
isian
a
.
Du
ri
n
g
th
e
m
o
st
re
c
e
n
t
n
i
n
e
y
e
a
rs
sh
e
se
rv
e
d
a
s
th
e
Dire
c
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
Ex
ten
si
o
n
P
a
r
tn
e
rsh
i
p
o
f
L
o
u
isian
a
(M
E
P
OL
)
w
h
ich
sh
e
h
e
lp
e
d
to
c
re
a
te
in
1
9
9
7
.
M
rs.
Du
p
u
y
is
a
c
e
r
ti
f
ied
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Blac
k
B
e
lt
a
n
d
h
e
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
c
lu
d
e
s
q
u
a
li
ty
a
s
su
ra
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l,
lea
n
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
,
p
ro
jec
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.