I
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Adv
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s
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AAS)
Vo
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1
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2252
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2
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cc
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1
8
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T
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m
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sim
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K
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:
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R
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cin
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p
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©
201
7
In
s
t
it
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rig
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C
o
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
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San
g
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Su
p
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esear
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Sch
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lar
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K
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UCT
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ap
p
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to
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ette
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d
w
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o
ad
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
m
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g
a
s
et
o
f
p
ath
s
.
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w
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v
er
,
d
u
e
to
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in
ter
f
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ce
o
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th
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p
ath
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d
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r
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t
h
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co
m
m
u
n
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,
it
in
cr
ea
s
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t
h
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en
d
to
en
d
d
elay
a
n
d
d
o
n
o
t
w
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r
k
well
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n
d
er
a
h
ig
h
l
y
co
n
g
es
ted
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
[
1
]
[
3
]
T
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
n
d
allo
ca
te
n
et
wo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
a
n
d
f
air
l
y
a
m
o
n
g
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
u
s
er
s
is
a
m
aj
o
r
is
s
u
e.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
h
ar
ed
m
o
s
t
l
y
ar
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
l
in
k
s
an
d
th
e
q
u
eu
es
o
n
th
e
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ter
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o
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s
w
itc
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es.
T
h
e
d
ata
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k
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q
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eu
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h
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W
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t
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n
et
w
o
r
k
is
c
alled
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
.
[
4
]
[
6
]
Hen
c
e,
th
e
m
u
lti
-
p
ath
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
an
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
(
R
o
n
B
an
n
e
r
an
d
A
r
iel
Or
d
a,
2
0
0
9
;
B
.
Sas
th
ir
i a
n
d
T
.
P
r
ak
ash
,
2
0
1
2
)
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
a
w
ar
e
m
u
lti p
o
in
t r
ela
y
p
r
o
to
co
l is p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
1
.
1
So
urce
No
de
I
n
itiall
y
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
i
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f
o
r
m
a
tio
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o
f
th
e
d
est
in
at
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n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
er
ef
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r
e,
it
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
th
e
R
R
E
Q
m
e
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ag
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o
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th
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co
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T
h
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R
R
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Q
ca
r
r
ies
t
h
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s
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I
D,
d
esti
n
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I
D,
an
d
a
p
ath
v
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to
r
w
h
ich
co
n
t
ain
s
t
h
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r
ela
y
in
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n
o
d
e
I
D,
an
d
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
t
h
e
r
elay
in
g
n
o
d
e
h
as
d
eliv
er
ed
.
T
h
e
R
R
E
Q
i
s
a
g
ai
n
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
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n
g
n
o
d
es
till
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
r
ea
ch
ed
;
th
i
s
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
f
lo
o
d
in
g
.
[
7
]
Af
ter
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
th
e
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
ag
e,
th
e
s
o
u
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ce
n
o
d
e
w
a
its
f
o
r
R
R
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P
p
ac
k
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till
p
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ed
ef
in
ed
a
m
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On
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s
ex
p
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af
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R
R
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
C
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Mu
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e
ca
c
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
t
h
en
u
n
icast
th
i
s
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
a
n
d
w
ait
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
at
a
p
ac
k
ets
to
ar
r
iv
e.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
e
s
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets,
t
h
e
$
ttl
v
al
u
e
r
ep
lace
s
th
e
T
T
L
v
alu
e.
[
7
]
On
ce
t
h
i
s
$
ttl
ti
m
e
i
s
o
u
t
t
h
e
f
lag
b
it
i
s
r
eset.
W
h
e
n
an
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
elay
s
a
d
ata
p
ac
k
et,
th
e
n
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
b
ein
g
r
e
la
y
ed
it
u
p
d
ates
it
s
r
o
u
tin
g
ta
b
le
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
lo
ad
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
$
ttl
v
alu
e
b
ei
n
g
d
e
f
i
n
ed
.
1
.
3
Dest
ina
t
io
n
No
de
On
ce
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
m
e
s
s
a
g
e,
it
f
i
r
s
t
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
T
T
L
v
alu
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
th
at
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
r
o
u
te
an
d
w
ait
s
f
o
r
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ti
m
e
to
co
llect
o
th
er
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
ag
e
s
.
So
o
n
af
ter
t
h
e
co
ll
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
o
u
te
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
ch
o
o
s
es
t
h
e
b
est
n
o
d
e
w
h
o
s
e
p
ath
lo
ad
is
least
a
m
o
n
g
all
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
p
ath
s
.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
th
e
n
s
i
m
p
l
y
s
w
ap
s
th
e
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
c
h
o
s
en
r
o
u
te
an
d
a
f
ter
att
ac
h
in
g
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
lated
$
ttl
v
al
u
e
i
n
th
e
ti
m
e
f
ield
o
f
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
th
e
R
R
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P
m
es
s
a
g
e
an
d
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
s
et
it
s
f
lag
b
it.[
7
]
W
h
en
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
ei
v
es
t
h
i
s
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et,
it
f
ir
s
t
s
ets
its
ac
t
iv
i
t
y
f
lag
,
i.e
.
A
f
lag
=
1
t
h
e
n
a
f
ter
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
it
s
r
o
u
te
ca
c
h
e,
u
n
ica
s
t
th
i
s
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
n
ex
t
h
o
p
n
o
d
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
i
n
th
e
p
at
h
v
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
th
i
s
u
n
ic
ast
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
et,
it
co
m
e
s
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
a
r
o
u
te
h
as
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
an
d
th
en
f
ir
s
t
s
et
its
f
la
g
b
it
an
d
t
h
e
n
s
tar
ts
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
W
h
e
n
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
r
ela
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
es
m
o
v
e
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
ts
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
d
u
e
to
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
i
ts
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
R
E
R
R
m
e
s
s
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
u
p
o
n
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
a
R
E
R
R
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
a
g
ai
n
f
lo
o
d
s
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
ag
e
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
r
o
u
te
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
o
u
te
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
is
r
ep
ea
ted
.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
is
a
c
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
d
e
an
d
lin
k
d
is
j
o
in
t p
ath
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
2.
CO
NG
E
S
T
I
O
N
CA
L
CU
L
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
ath
s
th
at
ar
e
les
s
co
n
g
ested
ca
n
ca
r
r
y
m
o
r
e
p
ac
k
et
s
.
I
n
MP
R
,
th
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
o
f
q
u
e
u
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ac
k
et
s
d
r
o
p
p
ed
at
ea
ch
n
o
d
e,
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
R
ea
d
y
to
Se
n
d
(
R
T
S)
p
ac
k
et
u
s
ed
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets.[
1
0
]
[
1
1
]
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
at
io
n
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
m
e
tr
ic:
Av
g
_
q
_
len
g
t
h
=
1
–
A
v
g
_
q
_
len
/ (
n
*
q
_
len
g
t
h
)
(
1
)
#
Dr
o
p
=
1
–
n
o
_
Dr
o
p
_
P
ac
k
et
/ n
o
_
Sen
tP
k
t
(
2
)
#
R
T
S =
1
–
n
o
_
R
T
S_
I
g
n
o
r
e
/ (
7
*
n
o
_
Se
n
tP
k
t)
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
n
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
e
s
q
u
eu
e
le
n
g
th
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
7
is
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
etr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
No
d
e_
co
n
g
esti
o
n
=
(
Av
g
_
q
_
len
g
t
h
+
#
Dr
o
p
+
#
R
T
S)/3
.
0
(
4
)
W
h
en
e
v
er
n
o
d
e
s
e
n
d
s
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et,
ea
ch
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
e
t
co
n
tain
s
a
co
n
g
es
tio
n
f
ield
t
o
s
to
r
e
th
e
co
n
g
es
tio
n
at
tr
ib
u
te.
W
h
e
n
e
v
e
r
th
e
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
e
t,
it
m
u
ltip
lies
t
h
e
co
n
g
es
tio
n
v
alu
e
i
n
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ac
k
et
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
n
o
d
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
lin
ea
r
v
alu
e
an
d
it
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
a
tio
n
:
Ne
w
C
o
n
g
est
io
n
=
1
-
(
1
–
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
g
e
s
tio
n
)
3
(
5
)
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
ef
f
ec
t
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
p
ath
,
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
tes
t
an
d
l
ea
s
t
co
n
g
e
s
ted
r
o
u
tes
ar
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
ed
:
Fin
al
Qo
S
=
(
Ne
w
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
)
L
,
w
h
er
e
L
i
s
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
r
o
u
te.
Fin
al
Qo
S
is
u
s
ed
at
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
es
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
est p
ath
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
Qo
S
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
b
etter
in
co
n
g
es
tio
n
a
n
d
len
g
th
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l
.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
6
–
11
8
3.
CO
NG
E
S
T
I
O
N
CO
N
T
RO
L
T
H
RO
UG
H
L
O
AD
B
AL
A
NCIN
G
T
h
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
a
r
o
u
ter
ce
n
tr
ic
o
r
h
o
s
t/n
o
d
e
ce
n
tr
ic.
I
n
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
c
o
n
g
es
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
is
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
eith
er
it
m
a
y
s
lo
w
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
r
f
i
n
d
an
alter
n
at
e
r
o
u
te
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
n
o
t
n
ec
es
s
ar
il
y
b
e
an
o
p
ti
m
al
r
o
u
te(
T
o
m
Go
f
f
et
al.
2
0
0
1
)
.
I
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at
all
t
h
e
co
n
g
est
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
I
t
t
r
ies
to
b
alan
ce
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
lo
ad
(
Si
u
li
R
o
y
et
al.
2
0
0
3
; Fen
g
f
u
Z
o
u
et
al
2
0
0
7
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
t
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
e
n
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
co
n
g
es
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
u
s
e
to
d
a
y
t
h
at
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
u
s
i
n
g
T
C
P
.
T
h
e
ess
en
t
ial
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
T
C
P
is
to
s
en
d
t
h
e
p
ac
k
ets
i
n
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
r
e
s
er
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
T
C
P
ass
u
m
e
s
o
n
l
y
First i
n
Fir
s
t o
u
t
(
FIFO)
q
u
eu
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
o
u
ter
s
,
b
u
t a
l
s
o
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
f
air
q
u
eu
in
g
.
3
.
1
Addi
t
iv
e
I
ncre
a
s
e/M
ultiplica
t
iv
e
Dec
re
a
s
e
T
h
e
T
C
P
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
a
n
e
w
s
tat
e
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
ca
lled
co
n
g
esti
o
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
to
li
m
it
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
d
ata
is
al
lo
w
ed
to
h
a
v
e
in
tr
an
s
it
at
a
g
iv
e
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
w
in
d
o
w
i
s
co
n
g
es
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t
to
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l‘
s
ad
v
er
tis
ed
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
T
h
e
T
C
P
is
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
y
te
s
o
f
u
n
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
ed
d
ata
allo
w
e
d
,
b
u
t
it
is
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
o
f
th
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
an
d
th
e
ad
v
er
tis
ed
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
Ma
x
W
in
d
o
w
=
MI
N
(
C
o
n
g
es
tio
n
W
in
d
o
w
,
A
d
v
er
tis
ed
W
in
d
o
w
)
(
6
)
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
W
i
n
d
o
w
=
Ma
x
W
in
d
o
w
-
(
L
astB
y
teSe
n
t
–
L
as
tB
y
teA
c
k
ed
)
.
(
7
)
T
h
at
is
,
th
e
m
a
x
w
i
n
d
o
w
r
ep
la
ce
s
ad
v
er
tis
ed
w
i
n
d
o
w
i
n
t
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
T
C
P
s
o
u
r
ce
is
allo
w
ed
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
n
o
f
aster
th
an
t
h
e
s
lo
w
est
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
r
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
h
o
s
t
ca
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
s
t
h
at
h
o
w
t
h
e
T
C
P
co
m
es
to
lear
n
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
alu
e
f
o
r
co
n
g
esti
o
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
U
n
li
k
e
t
h
e
ad
v
er
tis
e
d
w
i
n
d
o
w
w
h
ic
h
i
s
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
n
o
o
n
e
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
a
s
u
itab
le
c
o
n
g
es
tio
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
to
t
h
e
s
e
n
d
i
n
g
s
id
e
o
f
T
C
P
.
T
h
e
T
C
P
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
w
ait
f
o
r
e
n
tire
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
o
f
AC
Ks
a
n
d
ad
d
o
n
e
p
ac
k
et
w
o
r
t
h
to
t
h
e
c
o
n
g
es
tio
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
T
h
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
i
s
in
cr
e
m
e
n
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
,
ea
ch
t
i
m
e
an
AC
K
ar
r
iv
e
s
:
I
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t =
MSS ×
(
MSS
/C
o
n
g
e
s
tio
n
W
i
n
d
o
w
)
(
8
)
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
W
in
d
o
w
+
=
I
n
cr
e
m
en
t
(
9
)
T
h
at
is
,
th
e
MSS
b
y
tes
i
n
cr
e
m
en
ts
t
h
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
A
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
MSS
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
f
o
r
ev
er
y
ti
m
e
an
A
C
K
i
s
r
ec
ei
v
ed
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
ce
p
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
o
u
t
A
I
MD
i
s
t
h
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
s
w
il
lin
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
its
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
w
in
d
o
w
at
a
m
u
c
h
f
aster
r
ate
th
a
n
it is
w
il
lin
g
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
co
n
g
es
ti
o
n
w
in
d
o
w
.
3
.
2
F
a
s
t
Ret
r
a
ns
m
it
a
nd
F
a
s
t
Rec
o
v
er
y
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
d
escr
ib
ed
to
ad
d
th
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
to
th
e
T
C
P
.
I
t
is
s
o
o
n
d
is
co
v
er
ed
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
co
ar
s
e
-
g
r
ai
n
ed
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
atio
n
o
f
T
C
P
ti
m
eo
u
ts
lead
s
t
o
lo
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
ti
m
e.
Hen
ce
,
a
n
e
w
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
ca
lled
f
ast
r
e
-
tr
an
s
m
it
is
ad
d
ed
to
T
C
P
.
T
h
e
f
ast
r
etr
an
s
m
i
t
is
a
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
t
h
at
s
o
m
eti
m
e
s
tr
ig
g
er
s
t
h
e
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
a
d
r
o
p
p
ed
p
ac
k
et
s
o
o
n
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lar
t
i
m
eo
u
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
3
.
3
P
a
t
h
Select
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
a
y
g
en
er
ate
s
o
m
e
p
ath
s
w
it
h
len
g
th
lo
n
g
er
th
an
t
h
e
u
s
ed
o
n
e
an
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
h
ar
in
g
c
h
an
n
els
b
et
w
ee
n
p
ath
s
;
t
h
e
e
n
d
to
en
d
d
ela
y
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
t
h
an
D
SR
.
Sev
er
al
cr
iter
ia
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
s
elec
t
in
g
p
ath
s
w
h
e
n
atte
m
p
t
in
g
to
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
cr
ite
r
ia
in
s
elec
ti
n
g
p
ath
ar
e
n
o
d
e
d
is
jo
in
t p
ath
s
,
s
ec
o
n
d
cr
iter
ia
is
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
C
F)
b
et
w
ee
n
p
ath
s
.
3
.
4
Det
er
m
i
na
t
io
n o
f
No
de
Dis
j
o
int
P
a
t
hs
T
h
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
o
f
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
DSR
,
b
u
t
i
n
s
tead
o
f
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
ca
c
h
e,
th
e
R
R
E
Q
is
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
ca
c
h
e
tab
le
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
eq
u
e
s
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ee
n
b
ef
o
r
e.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
it
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
th
e
p
ac
k
ets.
W
h
e
n
a
R
R
E
P
is
g
e
n
er
ated
,
th
e
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
f
ield
is
s
et
to
tr
u
e
i
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
p
ath
is
a
d
is
j
o
in
t
p
ath
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
s
to
r
ed
p
ath
s
i
n
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
f
ield
is
s
et
to
f
alse.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
e
s
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ac
k
ets,
it
r
ed
ir
ec
ts
it
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
n
o
d
e
in
t
h
e
R
R
E
P
p
ath
i
f
r
ed
ir
ec
tio
n
f
ie
ld
is
s
e
t
to
tr
u
e.
O
th
er
w
i
s
e,
it
s
t
ar
ts
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
ch
e
tab
le
w
h
o
s
e
f
ir
s
t h
o
p
is
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
o
p
o
f
th
e
R
R
E
P
p
ath
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
A
w
a
r
e
Mu
lti
-
P
a
th
R
o
u
tin
g
P
r
o
to
co
l W
ith
Lo
a
d
B
a
la
n
cin
g
(
K.
S
a
n
g
ee
th
a
S
u
p
r
iya
)
9
3
.
5
Co
rr
ela
t
io
n F
a
ct
o
r
Sev
er
al
cr
iter
ia
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
s
elec
ti
n
g
p
ath
s
wh
en
atte
m
p
ti
n
g
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
cr
iter
ia
in
s
elec
ti
n
g
p
ath
ar
e
n
o
d
e
d
is
j
o
in
t
p
ath
s
,
s
ec
o
n
d
cr
it
er
ia
is
to
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
C
F
b
et
w
ee
n
p
at
h
s
.
T
h
e
C
F
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
li
n
k
s
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
t
w
o
p
ath
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
f
in
d
th
e
C
F
a
n
d
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
in
ea
c
h
p
at
h
,
th
e
att
r
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
lin
k
d
ete
r
m
in
a
tio
n
r
elate
s
to
th
e
r
est o
f
th
e
p
ath
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
w
o
p
at
h
s
w
it
h
7
-
r
elate
d
lin
k
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
T
w
o
Dis
j
o
in
t P
ath
s
T
h
e
lo
w
er
th
e
C
F
is
,
t
h
e
b
etter
th
e
en
d
to
en
d
d
elay
is
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
at
io
n
is
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
C
F
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
p
at
h
s
: I
f
p
1
,
p
2
a
r
e
t
w
o
p
ath
s
,
t
h
en
C
F =
No
.
o
f
lin
k
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
1
,
p
2
/h
o
p
C
o
u
n
t [
p
1
]
*
h
o
p
C
o
u
n
t [
p
2
]
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
th
ir
d
cr
iter
ia
i
s
s
e
lect
p
at
h
s
w
it
h
le
n
g
th
les
s
t
h
a
n
o
r
eq
u
al
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
p
at
h
s
.
A
l
s
o
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
a
n
d
alter
n
ati
v
e
o
n
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
m
all.
He
n
ce
,
if
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
is
lar
g
e
th
is
lead
s
to
h
a
v
i
n
g
m
a
n
y
u
n
o
r
d
er
ed
p
ac
k
ets
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
n
ee
d
ti
m
e
t
o
o
r
d
er
th
em
w
h
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
q
u
eu
i
n
g
d
ela
y
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
s
tar
ts
to
tr
a
n
s
m
it
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et,
i
t
n
ee
d
s
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
cr
iter
ia
th
e
n
ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
C
F
eq
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
C
F
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
f
i
n
al
p
a
th
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
4.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
MP
R
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
n
s
2
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
,
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
th
e
m
etr
ics
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
tab
le
1
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
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h
e
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ce
n
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n
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e
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ted
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o
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th
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et
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o
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k
s
i
m
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la
to
r
s
n
s
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,
Glo
M
o
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C
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n
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ONE
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T
ab
le
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is
t o
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Si
m
u
latio
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ar
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er
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4
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k
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s
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.
1
Si
m
ula
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io
n E
nv
iro
n
m
ent
T
h
e
s
ize
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f
en
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ir
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e
n
t
is
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0
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x
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2
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an
d
ev
er
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o
d
e
m
o
v
e
s
at
r
an
d
o
m
as
w
ell
as
it
s
p
o
s
itio
n
.
R
ad
io
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s
m
i
s
s
io
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r
a
n
g
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
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5
0
m
a
n
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its
wa
y
o
f
w
ir
eles
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m
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n
icatio
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r
ee
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ac
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n
ad
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MA
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p
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et
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1
1
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h
e
n
u
m
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er
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n
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is
v
ar
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o
r
d
if
f
e
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t
m
ea
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r
e
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
s
p
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iall
y
.
4
.
2
M
o
bil
it
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P
a
t
t
er
n
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
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o
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et
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el
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m
o
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ile
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es
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e
ti
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e
b
ef
o
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th
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e
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m
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v
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l
.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
6
–
11
10
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
is
v
ar
ied
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
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er
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t
s
ize
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n
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
v
ar
ied
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es
is
6
0
0
an
d
3
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
an
d
n
o
d
e
v
elo
cit
y
i
s
0
-
2
5
m
/
s
.
4
.
3
T
ra
f
f
ic
P
a
t
t
er
n
T
h
e
d
ata
t
r
af
f
ic
is
g
e
n
er
ated
u
s
in
g
C
B
R
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
air
s
is
v
ar
ied
.
T
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
s
ize
is
6
4
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
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g
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
o
d
e
is
2
5
0
m
.
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
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u
lt
s
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
th
e
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
P
D
F
an
d
A
E
D.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
P
DF
an
d
A
E
D
i
s
d
escr
ib
ed
.
5
.
1
E
f
f
ec
t
o
n pa
ck
et
deliv
er
y
ra
t
io
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
6
.
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
MP
R
an
d
DSR
.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
i
s
t
h
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
eiv
in
g
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
r
ec
ei
v
ed
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
p
ac
k
ets.
P
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
r
ed
u
c
es
as
t
h
e
p
au
s
e
ti
m
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
to
9
0
0
m
/
s
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
lin
k
f
ail
u
r
es
in
cr
ea
s
es
a
s
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
in
cr
e
ases
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
MP
R
P
r
o
to
co
l
m
ain
tain
s
a
b
etter
p
ac
k
et
d
eli
v
er
y
r
a
tio
th
a
n
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
DS
R
.
T
h
e
MP
R
s
elec
ts
th
e
alter
n
ati
v
e
p
at
h
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
r
o
u
te
w
i
th
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
n
g
es
tio
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
o
es n
o
t in
ter
r
u
p
t.
I
t i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
p
ac
k
e
t d
eliv
er
y
R
atio
u
n
d
er
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
,
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
MP
R
is
0
.
4
5
o
v
er
h
ig
h
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
lo
w
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
it
is
0
.
8
9
%.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
f
r
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
DS
R
is
0
.
1
3
o
v
er
h
ig
h
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
lo
w
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
it
is
0
.
8
1
%.
Fig
u
r
e
2
P
au
s
e
T
im
e
V
s
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
Fra
ctio
n
5
.
2
E
f
f
ec
t
o
n E
nd
-
to
-
E
nd
del
a
y
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
6
.
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
f
o
r
DSR
a
n
d
MP
R
.
T
h
e
d
elay
ti
m
e
i
s
h
i
g
h
f
o
r
MP
R
.
I
t
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
to
r
ed
is
co
v
er
th
e
r
o
u
tes
w
h
en
t
h
e
c
o
n
g
es
tio
n
is
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
T
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
d
ata
d
eliv
er
y
d
ela
y
.
T
h
e
tim
e
ta
k
en
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
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o
u
r
ce
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
.
As
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
lin
k
f
ail
u
r
es
also
in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
h
en
ce
t
h
e
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
d
ela
y
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
3
P
au
s
e
T
im
e
V
s
E
n
d
-
to
-
E
n
d
Dela
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
A
w
a
r
e
Mu
lti
-
P
a
th
R
o
u
tin
g
P
r
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to
co
l W
ith
Lo
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d
B
a
la
n
cin
g
(
K.
S
a
n
g
ee
th
a
S
u
p
r
iya
)
11
I
n
MP
R
,
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
ar
e
d
eliv
er
ed
u
s
in
g
alter
n
ati
v
e
r
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u
te
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
is
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
li
n
k
f
ail
u
r
e
o
f
a
lter
n
ati
v
e
r
o
u
te
s
i
n
c
u
r
s
t
h
e
d
a
ta
d
ela
y
,
b
u
t
it
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
a
n
th
e
p
ac
k
et
d
ela
y
o
f
DSR
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
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esu
lt
s
,
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
d
ela
y
f
o
r
DSR
is
0
.
8
m
s
o
v
er
h
i
g
h
m
o
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ilit
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n
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lo
w
m
o
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il
it
y
,
it
is
0
.
1
m
s
.
t
h
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
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d
ela
y
f
o
r
MP
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i
s
0
.
8
m
s
o
v
er
h
i
g
h
m
o
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ilit
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n
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f
o
r
lo
w
m
o
b
ili
t
y
,
a
n
d
it
is
0
.
3
m
s
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
ap
er
clea
r
ly
e
x
p
lai
n
ed
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
u
lti
p
o
i
n
t
r
ela
y
s
.
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n
itia
ll
y
,
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
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n
g
es
tio
n
is
ex
p
lai
n
ed
.
I
t
clar
if
ied
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
,
in
ter
m
ed
iate,
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
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k
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
e
ts
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
ath
.
I
t
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
ca
lcu
lated
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
co
n
g
es
tio
n
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
th
r
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u
g
h
th
e
lo
ad
b
alan
ci
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
ath
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elec
tio
n
f
o
r
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
t
r
af
f
ic
is
clea
r
l
y
e
x
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lain
ed
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
n
o
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e
d
is
j
o
in
t
p
ath
s
a
n
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th
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co
r
r
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f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
n
o
d
es
ar
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lc
u
lated
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
f
o
r
m
atio
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.
Fi
n
all
y
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t
h
e
co
n
g
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tio
n
m
in
i
m
ized
p
r
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to
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l
MP
R
is
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
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h
e
p
er
f
o
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a
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ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
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o
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ed
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m
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ar
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it
h
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
D
SR
t
h
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g
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t
h
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n
et
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i
m
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it
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o
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ed
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at
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h
e
MP
R
p
r
o
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id
es
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etter
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ac
k
et
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eliv
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y
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atio
,
b
u
t,
th
e
en
d
-
to
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e
n
d
d
elay
o
f
MP
R
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
D
SR
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
El
iza
b
e
th
M
R
o
y
e
r.
,
a
n
d
Ch
a
i
-
Ke
o
n
g
T
o
h
.
“
A
Re
v
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w
o
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Cu
rre
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Ro
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g
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ro
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o
ls
f
o
r
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d
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c
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o
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i
le
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irele
ss
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
”
.
IEE
E
Per
so
n
a
l
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m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
3
,
4
6
-
55.
[2
]
S
u
n
g
-
Ju
L
e
e
a
n
d
M
a
rio
Ge
rla,
"
S
p
li
t
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lt
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p
a
th
Ro
u
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g
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it
h
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a
x
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m
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ll
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Disjo
in
t
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a
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in
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d
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o
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,
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c
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0
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n
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l
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0
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3
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2
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5
.
[3
]
Ye
,
Z.
,
Krish
n
a
m
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rth
y
,
S
.
V
.
,
T
rip
a
th
i,
S
.
K
.
:
“
A
F
ra
m
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li
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d
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”
.
IEE
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INFOCOM
2
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,
v
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l
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,
2
7
0
-
2
8
0
.
[4
]
S
h
e
k
h
a
r
H.
M
.
P
.
a
n
d
K.S
Ra
m
a
n
a
th
a
.
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M
o
b
il
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A
g
e
n
ts
b
a
se
d
Co
n
g
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stio
n
Aw
a
re
Ro
u
ti
n
g
in
M
o
b
i
le
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
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rk
s
”
.
In
Pro
c
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d
in
g
s
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f
IEE
In
ter
n
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ti
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l
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n
fer
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&
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y
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,
3
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2
0
0
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m
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e
r
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0
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5
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,
p
p
.
47
-
53.
[5
]
L
.
S
h
riv
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sta
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,
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.
S
.
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a
d
o
ria,
a
n
d
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.
S
.
T
o
m
a
r,
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A
lo
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d
-
b
a
lan
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in
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a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
it
y
in
M
A
NE
T
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
ter
n
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ti
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n
fer
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mp
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t
a
t
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l
In
tell
ig
e
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c
e
a
n
d
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mm
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n
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ti
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n
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rk
s (
CICN '
1
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
–
3
6
,
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to
b
e
r
2
0
1
1
.
[6
]
L
.
S
h
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
S
.
S
.
B
h
a
d
a
u
ria,
a
n
d
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.
S
.
T
o
m
a
r,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
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f
traff
ic
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a
d
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th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
A
OD
V
,
DSR
a
n
d
DSD
V
in
M
A
NET
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mm
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n
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
T
e
c
h
n
o
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s
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v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
–
3
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
B.
Ra
m
e
sh
a
n
d
D.
M
a
n
ju
la,
“
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
AO
DV
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
stre
a
m
in
g
v
id
e
o
in
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
Ne
two
rk
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
2
8
5
–
3
8
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[8
]
A
.
V
a
lar
m
a
th
i
a
n
d
R.
M
.
Ch
a
n
d
r
a
se
k
a
ra
n
,
“
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
a
w
a
r
e
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
so
u
rc
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
w
it
h
lo
a
d
-
b
a
lan
c
i
n
g
in
M
A
NET
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
a
rt
icle
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
A
.
Ga
b
a
,
S
.
V
o
u
lg
a
ris
,
a
n
d
M
.
v
a
n
S
tee
n
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
-
a
w
a
re
a
ll
-
to
-
a
ll
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
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d
i
ss
e
m
in
a
ti
o
n
in
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
0
IEE
E
Gl
o
b
e
c
o
m
W
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rk
sh
o
p
s
(
GC
'
1
0
)
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
0
–
1
6
9
5
,
M
iam
i,
F
la,
USA
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
S
.
S
o
u
n
d
a
ra
ra
jan
a
n
d
R.
S
.
Bh
u
v
a
n
e
s
w
a
r
a
n
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
m
u
lt
i
-
p
a
th
ro
u
ti
n
g
f
o
r
lo
a
d
b
a
lan
c
in
g
in
m
o
b
il
e
A
d
Ho
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
4
8
–
6
5
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Ja
in
,
S
.
Ko
k
a
te,
P
.
T
h
a
k
u
r,
a
n
d
S
.
T
a
k
a
lk
a
r,
“
A
stu
d
y
o
f
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
a
w
a
re
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
s
i
n
M
A
NE
T
,”
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
6
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
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