Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
Advance
s in
A
p
p
li
ed Sciences
(
IJ
A
AS)
Vo
l.
7
, No
.
4,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
35
3
~
360
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijaas
.v
7
.i
4.pp3
5
3
-
360
3
53
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
onli
ne/index
.ph
p/I
JAAS
Coding S
chemes for Impl
ement
ation o
f Fa
ult Tol
erant P
arrallel
Filter
Nu
te
nki
Sid
d
ha
r
th
a
,
G
Ren
uka
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
CE,
SR
Engi
n
eering
Coll
ege,
Ha
sanpa
rth
y
,
W
arangal
,
T
el
ang
ana,
India.
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Me
i
28
, 201
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
10
,
201
8
Accepte
d
Aug
1
8
, 201
8
Digit
al
f
il
t
ers
a
re
u
ti
l
ized
as
a
one
of
f
la
g
ha
ndli
ng
and
cor
r
esponde
nc
e
fra
m
eworks.
At
ti
m
es,
th
e
unwa
ver
ing
qu
al
i
t
y
of
those
fr
ameworks
is
basi
c
,
and
bl
ame
tol
e
r
ant
cha
nn
el
ex
e
cut
ions
are
n
eeded.
Throughou
t
th
e
y
ea
rs
,
num
ero
us
sy
st
e
m
s
tha
t
endeav
or
the
ch
annels'
struct
ure
and
prope
rties
to
ac
complish
ada
p
ta
ti
on
to
interna
l
failure
hav
e
be
en
proposed
.
As
innovatio
n
sca
le
s,
i
t
empow
ers
m
ore
unp
red
ic
t
abl
e
fra
m
ewo
rks
tha
t
join
m
a
n
y
cha
nn
el
s.
In
those
p
erp
l
ex
ing
fr
ameworks
,
i
t
is
reg
ul
ar
that
a
porti
on
of
th
e
cha
nn
el
s
work
in
p
ara
l
le
l
.
A
pla
n
in
vi
ew
of
big
r
ectif
i
cati
on
codi
ng
has
b
e
en
as
of
l
ate
proposed
to
prot
ec
t
p
arall
e
l
ch
an
nel
s.
In
tha
t
p
la
n
,
e
ac
h
cha
nne
l
is
dea
l
wi
th
as
a
bi
t,
and
excess
cha
nn
el
s
tha
t
g
o
about
as
equa
l
ity
che
ck
bi
ts
ar
e
a
cquainted
with
disti
nguish
and
re
ct
if
y
b
lund
ers.
In
th
is
short,
apply
ing
codi
ng
s
y
stems
to
sec
ure
p
arall
e
l
c
hanne
ls
is
te
nd
e
d
to
in
a
bro
ade
r
m
anne
r.
Thi
s
d
ec
re
ase
s
th
e
assuranc
e
ov
erh
ea
d
and
m
ake
s
t
he
quan
ti
t
y
of
ex
ce
ss
cha
nn
el
s
au
tonomous
of
the
quantit
y
of
p
ara
l
le
l
cha
nn
el
s.
The
proposed
t
echnique
is
first
de
scribe
d
an
d
the
n
illus
trated
with
two
ca
se
studie
s.
Fina
lly
,
both
the
eff
e
c
ti
ven
ess
in
prote
c
ti
ng
a
g
ai
n
st
err
o
rs
and
the
cost
are
eva
lu
ated
for
a
fi
el
d
-
pr
ogra
m
m
abl
e
gat
e
arr
a
y
impl
e
m
ent
at
ion
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Error C
orrecti
on C
od
es
(
ECC
s)
Fil
te
rs
So
ft
Erro
rs
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nu
te
nk
i
Sid
dhartha
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f EC
E
,
SR En
gin
ee
rin
g
C
ollege
,
Hasa
np
a
rthy,
War
a
ngal
, Tel
ang
a
na, I
ndia
.
Em
a
il
:
sidd
har
t
h
an
uten
ki@
gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ele
ct
ro
nic
ci
rc
uits
are
pro
gr
e
ssively
pr
e
sent
in
an
d
s
pace
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
w
he
re
de
pe
nd
a
bil
it
y
is
basic.
In
th
os
e
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s,
the
ci
r
c
uits
need
t
o
gi
ve
so
m
e
le
vel
of
a
dap
ta
ti
on
to
non
-
c
riti
cal
f
ai
lure.
T
his
ne
ed
is
add
it
io
nally
ex
pande
d
by
t
he
inh
e
ren
t
unwa
ver
i
ng
qual
it
y
diff
ic
ulti
es
of
cutti
ng
e
dge
CM
OS
in
novati
on
s
that
inco
rpor
at
e,
e.
g.
,
pro
duci
ng
va
riet
ie
s
and
del
ic
at
e
blu
nde
rs.
Var
i
ou
s
strat
eg
ie
s
can
be
util
iz
ed
to
sh
ie
ld
a
ci
rcu
it
from
blu
nder
s.
Th
os
e
ra
nge
from
adjustm
e
nts
in
the
asse
m
bl
ing
proce
dure
o
f
t
he
ci
rc
uits
to
dec
reas
e
the
qu
a
ntit
y
of
m
ist
akes
t
o
i
nclu
din
g
rep
et
it
ion
at
the
rati
onal
e
or
fr
am
ewo
r
k
le
vel
to
guara
ntee
that
bl
unders
don'
t
influ
e
nce t
he fr
a
m
ewo
r
k use
ful
ness.
Chan
nels
are
r
egu
la
rly
util
ized
as
a
pa
rt
of
el
ect
ro
nic
f
ra
m
ewo
r
ks
to
unde
rline
m
otion
s
in
ce
rtai
n
recurre
nce
ra
nges
an
d
re
j
ect
m
ot
ion
s
in
othe
r
rec
urren
ce
r
ang
e
s.
I
n
ci
rc
uit
hy
po
t
hesis,
a
channel
is
a
n
el
ect
rical
syst
e
m
that
adjusts
the
a
bund
ancy
as
well
as
sta
ge
qu
al
it
ie
s
of
a
fla
g
re
gardin
g
rec
urre
nc
e.
I
n
a
perfect
world
,
a
c
hannel
w
on
'
t
ad
d
ne
w
f
requen
ci
es
to
t
he
inf
o
flag
,
nor
will
it
cha
nge
the
segm
ent
f
re
qu
e
ncies
of
tha
t
fla
g,
ye
t
it
will
change
the
relat
ive
a
m
plit
ud
es
of
the
diff
e
re
nt
rec
urren
ce
se
gm
e
nts
as
well
as
t
he
ir
sta
ge
co
nne
ct
ion
s.
To
day
ch
an
nel
s
are
ge
ne
rall
y
uti
li
zed
as
a
pa
rt
of
num
ber
of
us
e
s
wh
ic
h
i
n
view
of
ca
r,
re
storative,
a
nd
s
pace
wh
e
re
un
wav
e
rin
g
qual
it
y
of
segm
ents
in
com
pu
te
rized
el
ect
ronic
ci
rcu
it
s
is
basic.
Cha
nn
el
s
or
t
he
li
ke
are
basic in
the
operati
on
of
m
os
t el
ect
ro
nic circ
uits. Th
e
re ar
e
var
i
ou
s
bases o
f
cha
racteri
zi
ng ch
a
nnel
s and
these
cov
e
r
in
a
wide
range
of
way
s
;
there
is
no
st
raig
htfor
ward
pro
gr
essi
ve
gr
ouping.
As
t
he
beh
a
vioral
pr
operti
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
IJAAS
Vo
l.
7
,
No.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
18
:
35
3
–
360
354
of
flag
c
hanges
the
str
at
egies
of
sepa
rati
ng
it
will
be
co
ntras
t.
Be
ing
pa
rtic
ular
with
c
ha
nnel
, t
he
c
om
pu
te
rize
d
channels
hav
e
huge
a
ppli
cat
i
on
s
in
a
dvance
d
fla
g
pre
par
i
ng.
Si
fting
is
li
ke
wise
a
cl
ass
of
fla
g
pre
par
in
g,
th
e
char
act
e
rizi
ng
highli
gh
t
of
c
ha
nn
el
s
bei
ng
th
e
total
or
inc
om
ple
te
con
ceal
m
ent
of
s
om
e
par
t
of
th
e
flag
. It
is
in
this
m
ann
er
in
li
gh
t
of
a
le
giti
m
at
e
con
ce
rn
f
or
a
nybody
ass
ociat
ed
with
el
ect
ronic
ci
rc
uit
co
nfi
gurati
on
to
be
able
to
c
reate
c
hannel
ci
rc
uits
fit
for
m
eet
ing
a
giv
e
n
a
rr
a
nge
m
ent
of
par
ti
c
ul
ars.
I
n
flag
ha
nd
li
ng,
an
ad
va
nced
channel
is
a
ga
dg
et
or
proce
ss
that
ex
pels
so
m
e
u
nd
esi
ra
ble
segm
ent
or
hi
gh
li
ght
f
rom
a
flag.
A
dv
anced
channels
are
util
iz
ed
f
or
tw
o
ge
ner
al
pu
rpose
s;
di
visio
n
of
si
gn
s
t
hat
ha
ve
be
en
joine
d,
a
nd
reclam
at
ion
of
sig
ns
that
ha
ve
bee
n
con
t
or
te
d
s
ome
how.
F
reque
nt
ly
,
this
im
plies
ex
pelli
ng
a
fe
w
fr
e
quencies
a
nd
no
t
othe
rs
with
a
sp
eci
fic e
nd go
al
to
sm
oth
er
m
edd
li
ng sig
ns an
d decrease
foun
dation com
m
ot
ion
.
Parall
el
Proces
sing
an
d
co
rr
es
pondence
f
ram
ewor
ks
.
As
a
r
ule,
Parall
el
ch
ann
el
s
are
no
r
m
al
l
y
fou
nd
in
cu
rrent
flag
the
c
hannels
pl
ay
ou
t
an
in
disti
nguish
a
b
le
pr
e
par
i
ng
on
va
rio
us
a
ppr
oach
i
ng
sig
ns
from
there
is
an
incli
na
ti
on to uti
li
ze diff
e
r
ent in
pu
t
–
m
ultip
le
yi
el
d
f
ram
e
works.
The
sec
ur
it
y
of
com
pu
te
rized
channels
has
be
en
br
oad
ly
c
onte
m
plate
d.
For
insta
nce,
blam
e
tolerant
execu
ti
ons
i
n
li
gh
t
of
the
util
i
zat
ion
of
de
posit
num
ber
fra
m
ewo
r
ks
or
nu
m
ber
-
c
r
un
c
hi
ng
c
od
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
pro
po
se
d.
The
util
iz
at
ion
of
decr
ease
d
ac
cur
acy
re
plica
ti
on
or
word
-
l
evel
ins
ur
a
nce
has
been
li
ke
wise
exam
ined
an
oth
er alt
er
native
to p
e
rfor
m
b
lu
nd
e
r rem
edy is
to
util
iz
e tw
o dist
inc
ti
ve
c
ha
nn
el
us
a
ge
in
paral
le
l.
Ever
y
one
of tho
s
e syst
em
s c
on
ce
ntrate
on t
he
sec
ur
it
y o
f
a
so
li
ta
ry cha
nn
el
.
This
co
ncise
e
xam
inati
on
s
th
e
assu
ran
ce
of
par
al
le
l
cha
nn
e
ls
util
iz
ing
m
o
re
broa
d
c
odin
g
strat
egies
.
Sp
eci
fical
ly
, a
key
co
ntrast
with
ECC
s
is
th
at
bo
t
h ch
an
nel
s
ources
of
i
nfo
and
yi
el
ds
a
re
nu
m
ber
s.
He
nc
e,
not
j
ust
a
ze
r
o
or
a
one
can
be
util
iz
ed
f
or
the
c
odin
g
(as
finis
he
d
with
ECC
s)
.
T
his
ca
n
be
a
bu
s
ed
,
as
a
pp
e
ared
in
wh
at
e
ver
is
le
ft
of
this
bri
ef,
to
gi
ve
m
ist
ake
r
e
m
edy
by
i
nclu
ding
just
t
wo
re
petit
ive
c
hanne
ls
payi
ng
li
tt
le
hee
d
to
the
quantit
y
of
pa
rall
el
cha
nnel
s.
T
he
dec
re
ased
num
ber
of
re
petit
ive
cha
nnel
s
do
es
not
in
flue
nce
the
cap
aci
t
y
of
t
he
pla
n
to
r
evise
m
ist
akes
howe
ver
dim
in
ishes
the
us
a
ge
cost.
In
w
hatever
is
le
ft
of
t
hi
s
short,
t
o
be
gi
n
with
,
the
par
al
le
l
cha
nn
el
s
an
d
the
c
urren
t
ECC
-
ba
sed
s
ecu
rity
pl
ot
are
dep
ic
te
d.
At
that
point,
the
propose
d
c
odi
ng
plan
is
giv
e
n
a
nd
delineat
e
d
a
couple
of
us
ef
ul
co
ntext
ual
analy
ses.
At
la
st
,
the
c
on
te
xtu
al
analy
ses
are
as
sessed
for
a
fiel
d
-
pr
ogr
am
m
able
door
cl
us
te
r
(
FP
GA)
us
a
ge
a
nd
c
ontrast
ed
a
nd
the
al
rea
dy
pro
pose
d
EC
C
-
base
d
syst
e
m
.
1.1.
Concept
of
Fa
ult Toler
an
ce
Var
i
ou
s
proce
dures
ca
n
be
util
iz
ed
t
o
s
hield
a
ci
rc
uit
f
ro
m
m
ist
akes.
Th
os
e
range
f
ro
m
cha
ng
e
s
i
n
t
he
assem
bling
pro
cedure
of
the
c
ircuit
s
to
le
sse
n
the
qu
a
ntit
y
of
blund
e
rs
to
includi
ng
re
petit
ion
at
the
rati
on
al
e
or
fr
am
ework
l
evel
to
gu
a
ra
ntee
that
m
ist
akes
don'
t
influ
e
nc
e
the
f
ram
ewo
r
k u
sef
uln
ess
. C
om
pu
te
rized
Fi
lt
ers
are
a
sta
ndout
am
on
gs
t
the
m
os
t
gen
e
rall
y
util
iz
ed
fla
g
handl
in
g
ci
rc
ui
ts
an
d
a
fe
w
proce
dures
ha
ve
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
to
shi
el
d
them
fr
om
blu
nders
.
T
her
e
a
re
nu
m
ber
of
te
ch
niqu
es
us
e
d
to
rec
ognize
fla
ws
a
nd
t
he
act
ivit
ie
s
i
m
po
rtant
t
o
a
dju
st
the
iss
ues
insi
de
ci
rc
uit.
Adva
nced
c
hannels
are
broa
dly
util
iz
ed
as
a
pa
rt
of
flag
handlin
g
a
nd
c
orres
pondence
fr
am
ewo
r
ks
.
T
her
e
a
re
disti
nc
ti
ve
ada
ptati
on
to
inter
nal
fail
ure
ways
t
o
deal
wit
h
custom
ary
co
m
pu
ta
ti
on
al
ci
rcu
it
s
a
nd
t
he
DS
P
ci
rc
uits.
Now
a
nd
a
ga
in,
the
unwa
ve
rin
g
qual
it
y
of
t
hose
fr
am
ewo
r
ks
is
basic,
a
nd
blam
e
toleran
t
c
ha
nn
el
e
xec
utio
ns
a
re
re
quire
d.
T
hro
ugho
ut
the
ye
ars
,
num
ero
us
m
et
ho
ds t
hat e
nd
ea
vor
the c
ha
nn
el
s
str
ucture an
d pro
per
ti
e
s to
acc
om
plish a
dap
ta
ti
on
2
.
LIT
ERATUR
E REVIE
W
[1]
I
n
t
his
pa
pe
r,
a
dap
ta
ti
on
t
o
non
-
c
riti
cal
fail
ur
e
co
ns
tr
uc
t
fr
am
ewo
r
k
ba
sed
with
re
spe
ct
to
Er
ror
Correct
ion
C
odes
(ECCs
)
ut
il
iz
ing
VHDL
is
ou
tl
ined
,
e
xecu
te
d,
a
nd
t
ried.
It
reco
m
m
end
s
that
wi
th
the
assist
ance
of
E
CC
s i.e.
Bl
unde
r
C
orrecti
on
Cod
es
t
her
e
wi
ll
b
e
m
or
e e
nsu
red Pa
rall
el
c
ha
nn
el
circ
uit
ha
s
been
con
cei
vab
le
.
T
he
c
ha
nnel
the
y
ha
ve
util
iz
ed
f
or
blun
der
lo
cat
ion
an
d
re
vi
sion
are
for
th
e
m
os
t
pa
rt
li
m
it
ed
m
ot
ivati
on
rea
ct
ion
(
FI
R)
c
ha
nn
el
s
.
They
ha
ve
bee
n
util
iz
ed
Ham
m
ing
Cod
es
for
blam
e
adj
ust
m
ent
in
w
hich
they
ta
kes
a
s
quare
of
k
bits
a
nd
pro
du
ces
a
piece
of
n
bits
by
incl
ud
i
ng
n−
k
e
qual
it
y
ch
eck
bits.
T
he
e
qu
al
it
y
check
bits
are
XO
R
m
ixes
of
the
k
i
nfor
m
at
i
on
bits.
By
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
ly
plan
ning
th
os
e
m
ixes
it
is
con
cei
va
ble
to
disti
nguish
a
nd
r
evise
b
lu
nd
e
r
s.
I
n
this pla
n
t
hey h
a
ve
util
iz
ed
re
petit
ive m
odule in whic
h t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
and
equ
al
it
y
chec
k
bits
are
sto
re
d
and
can
be
rec
up
e
rated
la
te
r
r
egardless
of
t
he
possibil
it
y
that
there
is
a
bl
unde
r
in
on
e
of
th
e
bi
ts.
T
his
is
fi
nis
hed
by
re
-
re
gi
ste
r
ing
the
e
qual
it
y
chec
k
bi
ts
an
d
co
ntrasti
ng
the
outc
ome
s
a
nd
the
qu
al
it
ie
s
pu
t
away.
Alon
g
t
hese
li
ne
s
util
iz
ing
ham
m
ing
c
od
e
s
m
ist
ake
can
be
rec
ogniz
ed
a
nd
rev
ise
d
inside
the circ
uit.
[2
]
I
n
this
paper,
T
riple
Mo
dula
r
Re
du
nd
a
nc
y
(TMR)
an
d
Ham
m
ing
Co
des
h
ave
bee
n
util
iz
ed
to
ens
ur
e
disti
nctive
ci
rcu
it
s
a
ga
inst
Sin
gle
E
ven
t
Upset
s
(
SEU
s
).
In
t
his
pap
e
r,
t
he
uti
li
zat
ion
of
a
Novel
Ham
m
ing
a
ppro
ac
h
on
FI
R
Fil
te
rs
is
c
onside
red
a
nd
execu
te
d
with
a
sp
eci
fic
e
nd
goal
to
give
lo
w
unpredict
abili
ty
,
le
ssen
de
fe
rral
an
d
te
r
ritory
prof
ic
ie
nt
ass
urance
m
et
ho
ds
for
higher
bits
inf
or
m
at
ion
.
A
novel
Ham
m
ing
c
od
e
is
pro
po
se
d
in
this
pap
e
r,
to
buil
d
t
he
pro
fici
ency
of
hi
gher
inf
or
m
at
ion
bit
s.
In
this
pa
pe
r,
they
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IJAAS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814
Cod
i
ng S
c
he
m
es for Im
ple
me
nta
ti
on
of F
au
l
t Toler
an
t P
ar
r
allel
Fil
te
r
(
Nutenki
S
id
dh
ar
th
a
)
35
5
hav
e
pro
po
se
d
m
et
ho
d
use
d
t
o
il
lustr
at
e,
ho
w
t
he
pa
rt
of
over
h
ea
d
beca
use
of
m
ixing
t
he
re
petit
ion
bit
s,
t
heir
conseq
ue
nt
e
va
cuati
on,
cus
hi
on
to
c
ushio
n
po
st
pone
in
th
e
dec
oder
a
nd
util
iz
at
ion
of
a
ggre
gate
r
an
ge
of
FI
R
channel
f
or
hi
gh
e
r
bits
are
de
creased
.
T
hes
e
dep
e
nd
on
the
no
vel
ham
m
ing
co
de
us
a
ge
in
the
F
IR
chan
nel
rather
t
han
re
gu
la
r
ham
m
in
g
co
de
us
e
d
to
ens
ure
FI
R
channel.
In
t
hi
s
plan
Ham
ming
c
od
e
util
iz
ed
f
or
transm
issi
on
of
7
-
bit i
nfo
rm
at
i
on thin
g.
[3
]
I
n
this
paper,
the
outl
ine
of
a
FI
R
c
hannel
with
sel
f
c
heck
i
ng
c
apaci
ti
es
in
view
of
the
de
posit
check
i
ng
is
bro
ke
do
wn.
Ty
pi
cal
ly
the
arr
an
gem
ent
of
de
pos
it
s
us
ed
to
c
hec
k
the
c
on
sist
e
nc
y
of
the
afte
re
ff
ect
s
of
the
F
IR
c
ha
nn
el
are
ba
sed
of
the
or
et
ic
c
onte
m
plati
on
s
a
bout
t
he
dyna
m
ic
range
acce
ssible
with
a
picked
set
of
bu
il
dups
,
t
he
m
at
h
qu
al
it
ie
s
of
t
he
bl
un
de
rs
caus
ed
by
a
blam
e
and
on
t
he
no
rm
al
fo
r
the
cha
nnel
exe
cution.
This
e
xam
inatio
n
is
fr
e
qu
e
ntly
hard
t
o
perf
orm
and
to
ac
quire
ade
quat
e
bla
m
e
scop
e
the
arr
a
ng
em
ent
of
pick
ed
bu
il
du
ps
is
ov
erestim
at
ed.
G
otten
res
ult
an
d
co
ns
e
qu
e
ntl
y
req
ui
res
that
In
ste
a
d
,
in
th
is
pap
e
r
they
hav
e
dem
on
strat
ed
how
util
iz
ing
a
c
om
pr
ehensi
ve
blam
e
inf
usi
on
battl
es
pe
r
m
it
s
to
prof
ic
i
ently
ch
oose
the
best
arr
a
ng
em
ent
of
buil
dups.
Test
com
es
about
ori
gin
at
ing
f
r
om
blam
e
infu
sio
n
cr
us
ad
es
on
a
16
ta
ps
F
IR
c
ha
nn
el
sh
owe
d
that
by w
at
chin
g
the
happe
ned
m
istak
es a
nd
t
he
id
entifi
cat
ion
m
od
ules
relat
ing
t
o
va
rio
us
depo
sit
h
as
been
c
oncei
va
ble
t
o
dec
rease
the
qu
a
ntit
y
of
disco
ve
ry
m
od
ule,
w
hile
pa
yi
ng
a
li
tt
le
le
ssening
of
the
le
vel
of
SEU
s
that ca
n be
disti
nguish
e
d.
Paire
d
rati
onal
e o
ve
r
wh
el
m
s the e
quipm
ent ex
ecuti
on of
DS
P
fram
ewo
r
ks
[4
]
In
this
pa
pe
r
they
ha
ve
pro
posed
e
ng
i
ne
erin
g
for
t
he
execu
ti
on
of
bl
a
m
e
-
tolera
nt
cal
culat
ion
inside
a
high
thr
ough
pu
t
m
ul
ti
rate
eq
ualiz
er
f
or
a
de
viate
d
rem
ote
L
AN.
T
he
z
one
ove
rh
ea
d
is
li
m
i
ted
by
abusi
ng
t
he
l
ogarit
hm
ic
struc
ture
of
the
Mo
du
l
us
Re
plica
ti
on
Re
sid
ue
Num
ber
Syst
em
(MRR
NS
).
T
he
y
ha
d
exh
i
bited
that
f
or
our
f
ram
ewo
r
k
the
z
on
e
c
ost
to
am
end
a
bl
a
m
e
in
a
s
olit
ary
c
om
pu
ta
ti
onal
cha
nnel
is
82.
7%.
Ad
a
ptati
on
t
o
non
-
crit
ic
al
fail
ur
e
insi
de
MR
R
NS
de
sig
n
is
execu
te
d
th
rou
gh
t
he
ex
pa
ns
ion
of
e
xcess
c
ha
nn
el
s
.
This
pa
per
has
disp
la
ye
d
a
po
i
nt
by
point
in
ve
sti
gation
of
th
e
c
os
t
of
e
xec
ut
ing
sin
gle
bla
m
e
ad
j
us
tm
ent
abili
t
y
in
a
FI
R
c
hannel
util
iz
ing
th
e
MR
RNS.
T
he
blam
e
tolerant
desi
gn
m
akes
util
iz
at
i
on
of
t
he
m
at
he
m
at
ic
al
pro
per
ti
es
of
the
MR
RNS,
a
nd
has
been
a
pp
ea
re
d
to
gi
ve
crit
ic
al
ran
ge
funds
w
hen
c
on
t
rasted
a
nd
gen
e
ra
l
syst
e
m
s.
This
eng
i
neer
i
ng
li
ke
wise
re
quires
co
up
le
of
e
xtr
a
pa
rts
to
be
outl
ined,
as
i
nd
i
sti
nguish
a
ble
e
xcess
channels a
re
ut
il
iz
ed,
and t
he po
ly
nom
ia
l
m
a
pp
i
ng stages
ar
e just e
xten
ded from
the f
irst
segm
ents.
Ma
in
Ob
jecti
ves
of pr
opose
d metho
d:
Ther
e
a
re
va
ri
ou
s
obj
ect
i
ves
ov
e
r
the
prot
ect
ion
of
di
gital
sign
al
proc
essing
ci
r
cuits
.
The
m
ai
n
obj
ect
ives
are
giv
e
n
as
foll
ows
-
1)
.
To
ac
hieve
f
a
ul
t fr
ee
dig
it
al
circuit.
2)
.
To dete
ct
and c
orrect er
rors
i
n digit
al
circ
uit wit
h
m
or
e acc
ur
acy
.
3)
.
To red
uce t
he ov
e
r
head,
needed
for pr
otect
ion f
ro
m
error.
4)
.
To
im
pr
ove e
ffi
ci
ency.
5)
.
To de
velo
p
the
appli
cat
ion
a
r
ea from
low
er
to hig
her o
rd
e
r a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
3.
ECC
-
BASE
D PROTE
CTIO
N
O
F P
ARAL
LE
L FIL
TE
RS
The
im
pu
lse
r
esp
on
se
h
[
n
]
com
plete
ly
def
ines
a
disc
rete
ti
m
e
filt
er
that
perf
or
m
s
the
f
ollowi
ng
op
e
rati
on
on th
e inco
m
ing
si
gnal
x
[
n
]:
(1)
This
pr
op
e
rty
can
be
ex
plo
it
ed
in
the
case
of
par
al
le
l
filt
ers
that
operate
on
diff
e
re
nt
inco
m
ing
sig
nal
s
,
as
show
n
on
Fi
g
ure
.
1.
I
n
this
case,
f
our
filt
ers
with
the
sa
m
e
respon
se
pr
ocess
t
he
inc
om
ing
sig
nals
x
1[
n
]
,
x
2[
n
]
,
x
3[
n
]
, a
nd
x
4[
n
]
to
pr
oduce
f
our o
utputs
y
1[
n
]
,
y
2[
n
]
,
y
3[
n
]
, a
nd
y
4[
n
]
.
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k diag
ram
f
or
Parall
el
FI
R
Fil
te
rs
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IS
S
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:
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IJAAS
Vo
l.
7
,
No.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
18
:
35
3
–
360
356
To
detect
a
nd
c
orrect
erro
rs,
e
ach
filt
er
can
be
viewe
d
as
a
bi
t
in
an
ECC
,
and
redu
nd
a
nt
fi
lt
ers
can
be
add
e
d
t
o
form
par
it
y
chec
k
bi
ts.
Th
is
is
al
s
o
il
lustrate
d
in
F
ig
ure
.
2
,
w
he
re
three
re
dunda
nt
filt
ers
a
re
use
d
to
form
the
pa
rity
chec
k
bits
of
a
cl
assic
al
sin
gl
e
erro
r
c
orrect
ion
Ham
m
ing
cod
e
[14].
Th
ose
c
orrespo
nd
t
o
t
he
ou
t
pu
ts
z
1 [
n
],
z
2 [
n
]
, a
nd
z
3 [
n
]
. E
rror
s
can
be dete
ct
ed by
check
i
ng if
(2)
Wh
e
n
so
m
e
of
tho
se
chec
ks
fa
il
,
an
e
rror
is
de
te
ct
ed.
T
he
e
rror
can
be
co
rr
e
ct
ed
ba
sed
on
wh
ic
h
s
pecifi
checks fail
e
d.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple, an
e
rror o
n fil
te
r
y
1 wil
l cau
se
error
s
on t
he
c
hecks
of
z
1,
z
2, an
d
z
3
Figure
2
.
ECC
-
base
d
sc
hem
e fo
r
four
filt
ers
a
nd a
Ham
m
ing
code.
4
.
CODIN
G F
O
R
F
AU
LT
-
TO
LE
RANT P
A
RA
LL
EL
FIL
TE
RS
The
pro
posed
schem
e
is
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Fi
g
ur
e.
3
for
t
he
cas
e
of
fou
r
par
al
l
el
filt
ers.
The
i
nput
si
gn
al
s
are
e
nc
od
e
d
usi
ng
a
m
at
rix
w
it
h
ar
bitrary
co
eff
ic
ie
nts
to
m
ake
t
he
sig
nals
that
e
nter
the
four
or
i
gin
al
a
nd
t
w
o
redu
nd
a
nt f
il
te
rs.
In it
s m
or
e
gen
e
ral f
orm
, t
his c
od
i
ng m
atr
ix
A
can
b
e
fo
rm
ulate
d
as
(3)
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IJAAS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8814
Cod
i
ng S
c
he
m
es for Im
ple
me
nta
ti
on
of F
au
l
t Toler
an
t P
ar
r
allel
Fil
te
r
(
Nutenki
S
id
dh
ar
th
a
)
357
Figure
3
.
Pro
pose
d
c
od
i
ng sc
hem
e in g
en
era
l form
W
it
h
t
his
c
od
i
ng
sc
hem
e,
the
outp
uts
of
th
e
filt
ers,
i.e.,
y
1[
n
]
,
y
2[
n
]
,
y
3[
n
]
,
an
d
y
4[
n
]
,
can
be
ob
ta
in
ed
a
s
fo
ll
ows:
(4)
wh
e
re
A
1235
i
s
a
s
ub
m
at
rix
of
A
,
i
nclu
ding
the
first,
sec
ond,
thi
rd,
a
nd
f
ifth
r
ows.
This
proces
s
ca
n
be
re
peated
wi
th
dif
fer
e
nt
s
ubm
at
rixes
of
A
,
f
or
e
xam
ple,
with
A
1236,
A
2345,
a
nd
A
23
46.
I
n
the
e
rro
r
-
fr
ee
case,
al
l
the
re
c
ov
e
re
d
ver
si
ons
of
y
1
[
n
]
,
y
2
[
n
]
,
y
3
[
n
]
,
an
d
y
4
[
n
]
will
be
t
he
sam
e.
Wh
e
n
there
a
re
diff
e
r
ences,
an
e
rror i
s d
et
e
ct
ed.
F
or
xam
ple, sup
po
se
tha
t
(5)
Wh
ic
h
m
eans
that
the
re
is
a
n
error
am
on
g
filt
ers
{1
2
3
5
6}
an
d
th
at
filt
ers
{
2
3
4
5
6}
are
c
orrect
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
fau
lt
y
filt
er
is
f
il
te
r
1.
T
he
n,
t
he
e
rro
r
ca
n
be
c
orrecte
d
by
ta
ki
ng
t
he
final
outpu
ts
from
a
set
that
do
e
s
no
t i
nclu
de
f
il
te
r
1.
The
er
r
or
c
orre
ct
ion
a
nd
detec
ti
on
lo
gic
can
be
sim
plifie
d
assum
ing
that
there
is
only
a
sing
le
er
r
or.
In that
case,
c
he
ckin
g o
nly t
ha
t, f
or eac
h rec
ov
e
re
d set
, t
he
su
m
s o
f
the
val
ues
y
1
[
n
]
+
y
2 [
n
]
+
y
3 [
n
]
+
y
4 [
n
]
are
eq
ual
is
e
noug
h.
I
n
m
or
e
detai
l,
f
our
c
he
cks
a
re
ne
ede
d,
each
i
nvol
ving
fi
ve
filt
ers
a
nd
e
xclu
ding o
ne
.
F
or
exam
ple, if
bra
nch 1 i
s e
xclu
de
d,
t
he
e
rror ch
eckin
g would
be
(6)
in which
w
¯2
345 =
[11
11
]
(
A
2345)
−
1,
a
nd
w
¯2346 = [
1111]
(
A
2346)
−
1.
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4
,
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20
18
:
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3
–
360
358
5.
RESU
LT
S
The
w
ritt
en
Ve
rilog
H
DL
Mo
du
le
s
ha
ve
s
uc
cessf
ully
si
m
ulate
d a
nd
ver
ifi
ed
us
in
g
Mo
de
lsim
II
I
6.4
b
and synt
hesized
us
in
g Xil
inx
IS
E
13.
2.
Simul
at
i
on
Re
sult
Figure
4
.
Sim
ulati
on
Result
In Fig
ur
e
5 we
ob
s
er
ved that s
i
m
ulati
on
r
es
ul
ts an
d
Fi
gure.
6 an
d
Fi
gure.
7
s
hows
t
hat RTL
schem
at
ic
an
d
Tech
no
l
og
y sc
hem
atic resp
ec
ti
vely
.
Table
1.
Desig
n
S
umm
ary
Dev
ice Utiliz
atio
n
Su
m
m
a
ry
(
Esti
m
a
t
ed
Values
)
Log
ic Utilization
Used
Av
ailab
le
Utilizatio
n
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
Slices
225
4656
4%
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
Slice
Flip
FLOPS
229
9312
2%
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
4 in
p
u
t
LUT
s
421
9312
4%
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
Bo
n
d
ed
IOBs
234
232
100%
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
GCL
K
s
1
24
4%
RTL
Sche
ma
t
ic
Fi
gure
5.
RTL
Schem
at
ic
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IJAAS
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Cod
i
ng S
c
he
m
es for Im
ple
me
nta
ti
on
of F
au
l
t Toler
an
t P
ar
r
allel
Fil
te
r
(
Nutenki
S
id
dh
ar
th
a
)
359
Te
chno
l
ogy
S
chema
tic
Figure
6.
Tech
no
l
og
y
Schem
at
ic
Ti
mi
ng
R
e
po
r
t
Figure
7. Tim
i
ng Rep
or
t
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
per
a
ne
w
sc
hem
e
to
protect
pa
ral
le
l
filt
ers
that
are
c
omm
on
ly
f
ound
in
m
od
ern
sig
nal
processi
ng
ci
rc
uits
has
prese
nt
ed.
T
he
a
ppr
oa
ch
is
base
d
on
a
pp
ly
in
g
EC
Cs
to
the
pa
rall
el
filt
ers
outp
uts
to
detect
an
d
co
rrec
t
erro
rs
.
The
te
chn
iq
ue
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
pa
r
al
le
l
filt
ers
that
ha
ve
the
sam
e
respo
ns
e
a
nd
proces
s
diff
e
re
nt
input
sign
al
s.
A
n
ob
je
ct
ives
has
al
s
o
bee
n
discusse
d
to
s
how
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
the
sc
hem
e
in
te
r
m
s
of
er
r
or
co
rrec
ti
on
a
nd
pro
bl
e
m
def
i
niti
on
al
so
s
how
s
t
he
ove
rh
ea
ds
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
sc
hem
e
can
al
s
o
m
ak
e
syst
e
m
pr
ic
e
lower.
Pro
po
se
d
work
will
resu
l
t
in
m
or
e
eff
ic
i
ent
fa
ult
tolerant
syst
e
m
us
ing
p
a
rall
el
II
R
f
il
te
rs
base
d
on ECC
s
, which wil
l
m
eet
the
go
al
t
o
achieve lo
w power
c
onsu
m
ption, inc
rease ar
ea of
a
ppli
cat
i
on
a
nd
high s
pee
d.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
P.
P.
Va
id
y
anath
an,
Mul
ti
r
at
e
S
y
stems
and
Filt
er Banks
,
Eng
le
wo
od
Cli
ffs,
N.J.
,
US
A:
Prenti
ce H
al
l
,
1993
.
[2]
A.
Sibil
l
e,
C
.
O
estge
s
and
A
.
Z
ane
l
la
,
MIM
O:
From
The
or
y
to
Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
,
New
Yor
k,
NY
,
US
A:
Aca
demic,
2010.
[3]
N.
Kane
kaw
a,
E
.
H.
Ib
e,
T.
Suga
and
Y
.
Uem
ats
u,
Depe
ndab
il
i
t
y
in
E
le
c
tronic
S
y
stems
:
Miti
g
a
ti
on
of
Hardw
ar
e
Fail
ure
s,
Soft
Er
rors,
and
Elec
tro
Magne
tic
Distur
banc
es
,
New Yo
rk,
NY
,
US
A:
S
pringe
r
Ve
rla
g
,
2010.
[4]
M.
Nicolaidi
s,
“
Design
for
soft
e
rror
m
it
iga
t
ion
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ans
.
Devic
e
Ma
te
r
.
Re
l.
,
vol.
5
,
no.
3,
pp
.
405
–
418,
Sep
.
2005.
[5]
C.
L.
Chen
and
M.
Y.
Hs
ia
o
,
“
Err
or
-
cor
r
ec
t
ing
cod
es
for
sem
i
conduc
tor
m
emor
y
app
li
c
ations:
A
st
ate
-
of
-
the
-
a
rt
rev
ie
w,
”
IBM J
.
Res.
Dev
el
op.
vo
l.
28
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
1
24
–
134,
Mar
.
19
84.
[6]
A.
R
edd
y
and
P.
Ban
arjee
“
Algorit
hm
-
base
d
f
aul
t
de
tecti
on
f
or
signa
l
proc
essing
app
li
c
ation
s,”
IEEE
Tr
ans.
Comput.
,
vo
l. 39
,
no
.
10
,
pp
.
130
4
–
1
308,
Oct
.
19
90.
[7]
T.
Hi
ta
n
a
and
A.
K.
Deb
,
“Bridg
i
ng
conc
urr
ent
a
nd
non
-
conc
urr
e
nt
error
detec
ti
o
n
in
FIR
filt
ers,”
in
Proc
.
Norchi
p
Conf.
,
2004,
pp.
75
–
78.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
IJAAS
Vo
l.
7
,
No.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
18
:
35
3
–
360
360
[8]
Y.
-
H.
Huang
,
“
High
-
eff
icien
c
y
soft
-
err
or
-
tolera
nt
digita
l
signa
l proce
ss
ing
using
fine
-
gra
in
subw
ord
-
det
e
ct
ion
Proce
ss
ing
,
” IE
EE
Tr
ans
.
Ver
y
La
rge
Sca
le
Integr.
(VLSI) S
y
st.
,
vol. 18, no. 2, p
p.
291
–
304
,
Feb
.
2010.
[9]
S.
Pontar
el
l
i,
G.
C.
C
ard
ar
il
l
i,
M.
Re
,
and
A.
Sals
ano,
“
Tot
a
lly
fa
ult
tolera
nt
RNS
base
d
FIR
filter
s,”
in
Proc
.
IE
E
E
IOLT
S,
Jul
.
200
8,
pp
.
192
–
194
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Nu
te
nk
i
Sid
dhartha
is
purs
ui
ng
Ma
ste
r
of
T
echnolo
gy
in
E
le
ct
ro
nic
Desig
n Tec
hnol
og
y
in
SR
En
gin
ee
rin
g
C
ollege,
War
a
ngal
,
a
nd
Tel
an
gan
a
.
H
e
has
c
om
pleted
his
B.
Tec
h
from
Ka
m
al
a
In
sti
tute
of
Tec
hnology
a
nd
S
ci
ence,
Kar
im
nag
ar
, T
el
an
ga
na
in
20
14. His
areas
of
intere
sts
are
VL
SI
,
Digital
Sig
nal
Processi
ng
an
d
C
om
pu
te
r
N
et
work
s
.
He
Publi
sh
e
d 1 Po
ste
r
in
ICRTE
ECT
-
20
17.
G.
Re
nu
ka
w
ork
in
g
as
a
ss
ist
ant
pro
fess
or
of
Ele
ct
r
onic
s
a
nd
C
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
En
gin
eeri
ng,
S
R
En
gi
neer
i
ng
Coll
ege
,
War
a
ngal
.
S
he
has
12
ye
ars
of
te
achin
g
exp
e
rience
.
S
he
has
ob
ta
in
ed
B
.Tec
h
(E
CE)
De
gr
ee
f
ro
m
Ra
m
app
a
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
Coll
ege
Wara
ng
al
,
And
hra
Pr
a
des
h,
I
nd
ia
in
2003
a
nd
M.Te
ch
(D
i
gital
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
ns
)
De
gr
ee
f
rom
Kak
at
iy
a
Un
ive
rsity
,
A
ndhr
a
Pr
a
des
h,
I
nd
ia
i
n
2009
.
Pu
r
su
i
ng
her
P
h.D
unde
r
J
NT
UH.
S
he
is
a
m
e
m
ber
of
IE
TE,
a
nd
her
re
search
are
as
include
VLSI
, C
omm
un
ic
at
io
ns
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.