I
n
t
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
Jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
Ad
va
n
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
l
i
ed
S
ci
en
ces
(
I
J
A
A
S
)
V
o
l
.
7
,
N
o
.
2
,
J
une
201
8
,
p
p
.
9
7
~1
0
1
I
S
S
N
:
225
2
-
88
14
,
D
O
I
:
10.
115
91
/ij
a
a
s
.
v7
.
i
2
.
p
p97
-
10
1
97
Jo
u
r
n
al
h
om
e
pa
ge
:
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
a
e
s
co
r
e
.
c
o
m/
o
n
l
i
n
e
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
h
p
/
I
J
A
A
S
P
hy
s
i
ca
l
P
r
o
p
e
rt
i
e
s
a
nd C
o
mpre
s
s
i
v
e St
re
n
g
t
h
o
f
Z
i
nc
O
x
i
de
N
an
op
o
w
d
er
a
s
a P
ot
en
t
i
al
D
en
t
a
l
A
m
al
g
am
M
at
e
ri
al
N
an
an
g
Q
o
s
i
m
1
,
P
ut
u
t
M
ur
d
a
nt
o
2
,
Po
p
p
y
Pu
s
p
i
t
a
sa
r
i
3
1
De
pa
rt
m
e
nt
of
M
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
ri
ng
,
F
a
c
ul
t
y
of E
ngi
n
e
e
ri
n
g,
U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
a
s
Indo
ne
s
i
a
,
J
a
w
a
B
a
ra
t
,
Indon
e
s
i
a
2
,3
D
e
pa
rt
m
e
nt
of
M
e
c
ha
n
i
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of E
ng
i
ne
e
ri
ng
,
U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
a
s
N
e
g
e
ri
M
a
l
a
ng
, J
aw
a T
i
m
u
r
,
Indon
e
s
i
a
A
rt
i
cl
e
I
n
f
o
A
BS
TR
A
C
T
Ar
t
i
c
l
e
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
J
an
2
,
201
8
Re
v
i
s
e
d
Ma
y
12
,
20
1
8
A
ccep
t
e
d
Ma
y
2
7
,
2
01
8
In t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on of
na
not
e
c
hnol
og
y
w
a
s
a
ppl
i
e
d
i
n t
he
de
nt
i
s
t
r
y
fi
e
l
d
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y i
n
t
he
i
nnova
t
i
on of d
e
nt
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
.
T
o d
a
t
e
,
m
e
rc
ur
y
(H
g) ha
s
be
e
n us
e
d w
i
de
l
y
a
s
de
nt
a
l
a
m
a
l
g
a
m
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
w
i
t
h
c
ons
i
de
ra
t
i
on of
t
he
c
he
a
p pri
c
e
,
e
a
s
e
of us
e
,
a
n
d good m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
s
t
re
ng
t
h.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
l
a
s
t
f
e
w
y
e
a
rs
,
m
a
n
y probl
e
m
s
ha
ve
be
e
n fa
c
e
d
i
n t
he
de
nt
i
s
t
r
y
f
i
el
d
d
u
e t
o
t
h
e u
s
e o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
. H
en
ce
, n
ew
m
at
er
i
al
i
s
n
e
ed
ed
as
an
i
nnova
t
i
on
t
o
e
l
i
m
i
na
t
e
t
he
m
e
r
c
ur
y
from
de
nt
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on.
T
hi
s
re
s
e
a
rc
h w
a
s
c
o
nduc
t
e
d t
o a
na
l
y
z
e
t
he
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
prope
rt
i
e
s
a
nd c
om
pre
s
s
i
ve
s
t
re
ngt
h of z
i
nc
oxi
de
(Z
nO
) na
nopow
de
r a
s
a
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
de
nt
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
.
T
he
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
prop
e
rt
i
e
s
s
uc
h a
s
m
orphol
og
y
a
nd di
m
e
ns
i
ons
w
e
re
a
na
l
y
z
e
d b
y
S
E
M
a
nd X
RD
.
F
urt
he
r,
t
he
c
om
p
re
s
s
i
on t
e
s
t
w
a
s
c
onduc
t
e
d
b
y
us
i
ng h
y
dra
u
l
i
c
pre
s
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
.
T
he
re
s
ul
t
s
s
how
e
d t
ha
t
t
h
e
Z
n
O
na
nopow
de
r
a
na
l
y
z
e
d h
a
s
t
h
e
pa
rt
i
c
l
e
s
i
z
e
of
14.
34 nm
w
i
t
h
t
he
m
orphol
og
y
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
e
d a
s
na
norods
t
y
pe
.
O
n t
he
c
om
pre
s
s
i
on l
oa
d of 500
kg,
t
h
e
a
ve
ra
g
e
of Z
nO
gre
e
n
de
ns
i
t
y
i
s
3.
170 g/
c
m
3.
T
hi
s
va
l
ue
e
xpe
ri
e
nc
e
d t
he
i
nc
re
a
s
e
of 4.
763% w
he
n
t
he
l
oa
d w
a
s
s
e
t
t
o 1000 kg,
a
nd
7.
539% a
t
2000
kg.
T
he
dw
e
l
l
i
n
g t
i
m
e
a
l
s
o
t
ook t
he
s
a
m
e
e
ffe
c
t
.
A
t
30 s
e
c
onds
,
t
he
a
ve
ra
ge
of Z
nO
gre
e
n de
ns
i
t
y
i
s
3.
260 g/
c
m
3.
T
hi
s
va
l
ue
e
xpe
ri
e
nc
e
d
t
he
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
of 0.
583%
a
t
60 s
e
c
onds
a
nd 3.
098%
a
t
9
0 s
e
c
onds
.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
:
D
en
t
al
am
al
g
am
M
er
cu
r
y
N
a
nop
owd
e
r
Z
nO
Copy
r
i
ght
©
201
8
Ins
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f
A
d
v
anc
e
d
E
ngi
n
e
e
r
i
ng and S
c
i
e
nc
e
.
A
l
l
ri
g
h
t
s re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
or
r
e
s
po
n
di
n
g
A
u
t
h
or
:
N
a
n
a
ng
Q
os
im
,
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
of
M
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g,
F
a
c
ul
t
y
of
E
n
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
a
s
I
n
d
one
s
i
a
,
K
a
m
p
u
s
B
a
r
u
UI,
De
p
o
k
1
6
4
2
4
,
J
a
w
a
B
a
ra
t
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
.
E
m
a
i
l
:
na
na
n
g.
qos
i
m
@
ui
.
a
c
.
i
d
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
us
e
o
f
de
n
t
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
ha
s
be
e
n
us
e
d
f
or
m
or
e
t
ha
n
1
50
y
e
a
r
s
a
s
t
he
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
of
c
a
v
i
t
y
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
a
nd
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
be
i
n
g
us
e
d
due
t
o
i
t
s
e
xc
e
l
l
e
nt
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
p
r
ope
r
t
i
e
s
a
s
a
m
e
t
hod
of
de
nt
a
l
r
e
s
t
or
a
t
i
o
ns
[
1]
.
D
e
nt
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
i
s
a
n a
l
l
oy
of
m
e
r
c
ur
y
(
H
g)
c
om
bi
ne
d
wi
t
h
one
or
m
or
e
ot
he
r
m
e
t
a
l
li
c
e
l
e
m
e
nt
s
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
ve
r
a
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
a
m
a
l
g
a
m
a
l
l
o
y
s
,
al
l
o
f
w
h
i
ch
co
n
t
a
i
n
t
i
n
,
co
p
p
er
,
an
d
m
er
cu
r
y
.
T
h
es
e
al
l
o
y
s
ar
e k
n
o
w
n
as
am
al
g
am
a
l
l
oy
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
I
S
O
(
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
Or
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
on
f
o
r
S
t
a
nda
r
di
z
a
t
i
o
n)
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
[
2]
.
L
as
t
f
ew
y
ear
s
m
an
y
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
h
av
e b
ee
n
f
aced
i
n
d
e
n
t
i
s
t
r
y
f
i
el
d
b
eca
u
s
e o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
er
c
ur
y
i
n
t
he
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on o
f
a
m
a
l
ga
m
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
.
Any
t
y
pe
of
m
e
r
c
ur
y
i
s
ve
r
y
da
n
g
e
r
o
us
i
n
hum
a
ns
be
c
a
us
e
m
e
r
c
u
r
y
i
s
ne
u
r
ot
o
xi
c
a
nd
wi
l
l
a
c
c
u
m
ul
a
t
e
i
n
t
he
bo
dy
.
T
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
i
t
s
t
oxi
c
i
t
y
on
t
he
he
a
l
t
h
of
t
h
e
bo
dy
i
nc
l
u
de
ne
r
ve
d
am
ag
e,
p
ar
al
y
s
i
s
,
b
l
i
n
d
n
es
s
,
m
e
nt
a
l
di
s
or
d
e
r
s
,
c
hr
om
os
o
m
a
l
da
m
a
ge
a
nd i
nf
a
nt
de
f
e
c
t
s
i
n t
he
w
om
b [
2
,
3]
.
O
n
t
he
ot
he
r
h
a
nd
,
t
he
m
e
t
a
l
li
c
c
ol
o
r
of
t
hi
s
a
m
a
l
ga
m
doe
s
not
bl
e
n
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
na
t
ur
a
l
t
oot
h
c
ol
o
r
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
l
e
f
t
,
s
o
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
p
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
-
co
l
o
r
ed
r
es
t
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
f
o
r
c
a
v
i
t
y
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
i
n
c
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
e
e
t
h
f
o
r
b
e
t
t
e
r
a
e
s
t
h
e
t
i
c
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-
88
14
IJ
A
A
S
V
o
l
.
7
,
N
o
.
2
,
J
un
e
201
8
:
97
–
10
1
98
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
h
e
m
e
t
a
l
l
i
c
c
ol
or
of
a
m
a
l
ga
m
doe
s
n
ot
bl
e
n
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
na
t
u
r
a
l
t
oot
h
co
l
o
r
(
l
e
f
t
)
;
Z
nO
n
a
n
opow
d
e
r
c
o
lor
r
e
se
m
b
l
e
s
t
he
or
i
gi
na
l
co
l
o
r
o
f
t
o
o
t
h
(
r
i
g
h
t
)
Z
i
n
c
O
xi
d
e
(
Z
n
O
)
i
s
a
u
ni
que
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
wi
de
l
y
us
e
d
b
y
m
os
t
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
f
or
a
w
i
de
r
a
nge
o
f
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Z
n
O
h
a
s
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
s
i
z
e
s
t
h
a
t
w
i
l
l
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
i
t
s
u
s
e
.
T
hi
s
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
ha
s
be
e
n c
om
m
onl
y
us
e
d f
or
a
ddi
t
i
ve
s
i
n pa
i
nt
s
,
c
er
a
m
i
c
m
at
er
i
al
s
,
cat
al
y
s
t
s
,
el
e
ct
r
o
n
i
c
e
qui
pm
e
nt
,
opt
oe
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
s
e
m
i
c
ond
uc
t
o
r
s
a
nd
m
uc
h
m
or
e
.
T
he
u
ni
q
ue
n
e
s
s
of
t
he
Z
n
O
na
n
os
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
s
ha
pe
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
Z
n
O
i
s
t
h
e
r
i
c
h
e
s
t
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
i
n
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
f
a
m
i
l
y
,
b
o
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
.
Th
e
p
r
o
pe
r
t
i
e
s
of
Z
nO
na
n
o
p
ow
de
r
de
pe
n
d
on
t
he
m
or
p
h
o
l
ogi
c
a
l
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
a
n
d
i
t
s
na
n
o
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
s
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
u
s
e
d
[
4
,
5
]
.
T
h
i
s
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
Z
n
O
c
o
l
o
r
t
ha
t
r
e
s
e
m
bl
e
s
t
he
or
i
gi
na
l
c
ol
or
o
f
t
he
t
oo
th
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
r
i
g
ht
,
i
s
e
xpe
c
t
e
d
t
o
pr
ovi
de
a
n
i
n
no
v
a
t
i
on
a
s
a
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
m
a
l
g
a
m
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
t
o
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
m
e
r
c
u
r
y
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
2.
M
ETH
O
D
S
2
.
1
.
P
h
y
s
i
ca
l
P
ro
p
er
t
i
es
C
h
a
ra
c
t
eri
z
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e s
am
p
l
e u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
ch
i
s
Z
n
O
n
an
o
p
o
w
d
er
s
y
n
t
h
es
i
zed
b
y
us
i
ng
t
he
s
ol
-
ge
l
m
e
t
hod
.
C
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n o
f
a
na
l
y
z
e
d p
hy
s
i
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
i
nc
l
u
de
d t
he
di
m
e
ns
i
o
ns
a
nd m
or
p
hol
ogy
of
Z
n
O
na
n
o
po
w
de
r
p
r
od
uc
e
d.
T
he
di
m
e
ns
i
ons
o
f
Z
nO
na
n
op
o
wde
r
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
r
e
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d b
y
us
i
n
g
X
R
D
(
X
-
r
a
y
d
i
f
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
)
P
a
n
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
,
E
’
x
p
e
r
t
P
r
o
t
y
p
e.
D
et
e
r
m
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
t
i
cl
e s
i
ze w
as
o
b
t
ai
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ol
l
o
w
i
n
g
S
c
he
r
r
e
r
e
qua
t
i
o
n
[
6]
D
=
)
co
s
(
K
θ
β
λ
(
1)
β
=
°
π
×
360
2
F
WHM
(
2)
Wh
e
re
K
i
s
t
h
e
S
c
h
e
rre
r
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
(0
.
9
-
1
)
,
λ
(m
)
i
s
x
-
r
ay
w
a
v
el
en
g
t
h
u
s
ed
,
β
i
s
a
r
e
a
o
f
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
l
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
(i
n
ra
d
i
a
n
s
2
θ
)
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
a
t
2
θ
,
a
n
d
θ
i
s
s
c
a
t
t
e
ri
n
g
a
n
g
l
e
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
ha
t
,
m
or
p
h
ol
o
gy
o
bs
e
r
va
t
i
on
w
a
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d by
us
i
ng
s
c
a
nni
ng
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n m
i
c
r
os
c
ope
(
S
E
M
)
F
E
I
Q
ua
nt
a
65
0
a
t
t
he
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
ng
v
ol
t
a
ge
of
1
0
kV
,
w
i
t
h
t
he
m
a
gni
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
o
f
2
0,
0
00
x a
nd
5
0,
00
0
x.
T
h
i
s
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
on
i
s
t
o
obs
e
r
ve
t
he
m
or
p
hol
og
y
of
Z
n
O
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
pr
o
duc
e
d.
2
.
2
.
C
o
mp
res
s
i
o
n
T
es
t
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
g
r
e
e
n
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
e
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
,
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
Z
n
O
na
n
o
po
w
de
r
t
o be
c
om
pr
e
s
s
e
d by
t
he
c
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
on p
r
e
s
s
ur
e
s
.
A
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
2,
t
he
s
a
m
p
l
e
w
a
s
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
e
d w
i
th
th
e
v
a
r
ia
tio
ns
of
lo
a
d
ing of
50
0 kg
,
100
0
k
g,
a
n
d 200
0
k
g
,
a
l
s
o
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
im
e
of
3
0
s
e
c
o
nds
,
60
s
e
c
on
d
s
,
a
nd
9
0
s
e
c
o
n
ds
,
o
n
a
hy
dr
a
u
l
i
c
pr
e
s
s
m
a
c
hine
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
A
S
I
S
S
N
:
225
2
-
88
14
P
hy
s
i
c
al
P
r
o
pe
r
t
i
e
s
an
d
C
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
v
e
St
r
e
n
g
t
h
of
Z
i
nc
Ox
i
d
e
N
a
no
p
ow
de
r
as
a
…
(
N
ana
ng
Q
o
s
i
m
)
99
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
C
om
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
s
t
:
p
r
e
pa
r
a
t
i
on
o
f
p
ow
de
r
on
a
ji
g
(
l
e
f
t
)
;
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
(
r
i
ght
)
3.
R
ES
U
LTS
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
SSI
O
N
3.
1.
P
h
y
s
i
ca
l
P
ro
p
er
t
i
es
T
he
gr
a
p
h of
XR
D
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
on r
e
s
ul
t
of
Z
n
O na
no
p
ow
de
r
i
n
F
igur
e
3
s
h
ow
s
t
he
d
if
f
r
a
c
tion
pe
a
k
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
i
de
nt
i
c
a
l
t
o Z
n
O s
t
a
nda
r
d di
f
f
r
a
c
t
i
on
pe
a
ks
.
T
he
g
r
a
p
h s
h
o
w
s
t
ha
t
Z
n
O
n
a
no
p
ow
de
r
s
a
m
p
l
e
i
s
i
n
t
he
di
f
f
r
a
c
t
i
on
pe
a
ks
i
n
pl
o
t
s
[
1
0
0]
,
[
0
02]
,
a
n
d
[
1
0
1]
w
i
t
h
H
e
xa
g
o
na
l
W
ur
t
z
i
t
e
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
3.
T
he
gr
a
p
h
of
XR
D
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
on r
e
s
ul
t
T
he
pe
a
k
of
t
h
e
di
f
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n s
ho
w
s
a
ve
r
y
s
t
r
o
n
g pe
a
k i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
.
T
hi
s
gi
v
e
s
t
he
s
e
ns
e
t
h
a
t
t
he
Zn
O
n
an
o
p
o
w
d
er
s
a
m
p
l
e h
as
a h
i
g
h
cr
y
s
t
al
l
i
n
i
t
y
.
T
h
e p
a
r
am
et
er
s
o
f
X
R
D
c
h
ar
act
er
i
zat
i
o
n
r
es
u
l
t
s
ar
e p
r
es
e
n
t
ed
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1
.
T
a
b
l
e
1.
T
h
e
P
ar
am
et
er
s
o
f
X
R
D
C
h
a
r
act
er
i
zat
i
o
n
Par
a
m
eter
s
v
alu
es
I
n
ten
s
it
y
(c
p
s
)
1.
890
F
W
H
M (2
-
th
eta
°
)
0.
113
λ
(
Å
)
1.
540
θ
(
°
)
18.
120
U
s
i
n
g t
he
e
qua
t
i
ons
1 a
n
d
2,
i
t
c
a
n
be
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d t
ha
t
t
he
Z
nO
na
n
op
o
w
de
r
s
a
m
pl
e
pr
o
du
c
e
d
ha
s
t
h
e
p
ar
t
i
cl
e
s
i
ze
o
f
1
4
.
3
4
0
n
m
.
F
ig
ur
e
4.
S
E
M
o
bs
e
r
va
t
i
o
n
of
Z
n
O
na
no
p
ow
de
r
(
r
e
c
t
a
n
gl
e
s
s
h
ow
s
t
he
a
r
e
a
o
f
ne
xt
i
m
a
ge
w
i
t
h
hi
g
he
r
m
a
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-
88
14
IJ
A
A
S
V
o
l
.
7
,
N
o
.
2
,
J
un
e
201
8
:
97
–
10
1
1
00
T
he
m
or
p
h
ol
o
gy
o
f
t
he
s
a
m
pl
e
wa
s
o
bs
e
r
v
e
d
by
us
i
n
g
S
E
M
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
a
r
e
de
pi
c
t
e
d
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
4
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
ha
t
t
he
na
n
os
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
o
f
Z
n
O
na
no
p
ow
de
r
a
r
e
l
i
ke
l
y
t
o
l
o
ok
l
i
ke
na
no
r
o
ds
t
y
p
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
d
u
e
t
o t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
n
d s
i
nt
e
r
i
ng t
im
e
a
ppl
i
e
d i
s
qui
t
e
go
od
.
T
he
Z
nO
na
n
o
po
w
de
r
p
r
o
d
uc
e
d ha
s
t
h
e
r
i
ght
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e i
n
t
er
m
s
o
f
s
h
a
p
e.
T
h
e
o
r
et
i
cal
l
y
,
t
h
e d
i
f
f
e
r
en
ce
o
f
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
s
i
n
t
er
i
n
g
t
i
m
e w
i
l
l
cau
s
e t
h
e
d
i
ffe
re
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
Z
n
O
n
an
o
p
o
w
d
er
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
Z
n
O
i
s
a
v
er
s
at
i
l
e
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
al
m
at
er
i
al
t
h
at
h
as
va
r
i
ous
m
or
p
hol
ogi
c
a
l
gr
o
ups
s
uc
h
a
s
na
n
oc
om
bs
,
n
a
nor
ing
s
,
n
an
o
h
el
i
x
es
,
na
n
os
pr
i
ng
s
,
n
a
nob
e
lts
,
na
n
o
w
i
r
e
s
,
na
no
r
ods
,
na
n
oc
a
ge
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n.
Al
l
of
t
he
s
e
u
ni
q
ue
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
of
na
n
os
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
s
s
h
o
w
t
ha
t
Z
n
O
ha
s
a
r
i
c
h
na
no
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
s
t
r
u
c
t
ur
e
a
n
d
be
ha
vi
o
r
.
3.
2.
C
o
mp
res
s
i
v
e
S
t
ren
g
t
h
A
l
l
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
s
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
o
f
5
0
0,
10
00
,
or
20
0
0
kg
s
h
o
w
t
ha
t
t
he
va
r
i
a
t
i
on
i
n c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n l
oa
di
ng t
o
o
k
a v
er
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
can
t
ef
f
ect
o
f
i
n
c
r
eas
i
n
g
t
h
e av
er
a
g
e o
f
g
r
ee
n
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
im
pr
o
ve
m
e
nt
is
t
he
or
e
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
ue
t
o
t
he
l
a
r
ge
r
a
m
ount
of
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
l
oa
d
gi
ve
n,
t
h
e
hi
g
he
r
t
he
p
ow
de
r
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
.
T
hi
s
c
a
n
be
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d
f
r
om
t
he
t
hi
c
k
ne
s
s
o
f
s
a
m
pl
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
on
.
I
n
de
t
a
i
l
,
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n F
i
g
ur
e
5,
a
t
t
he
d
w
e
l
l
i
ng t
i
m
e
of
3
0
s
e
c
o
n
ds
,
t
he
l
oa
di
ng
o
f
5
00
kg
t
o
ok
t
he
gr
e
e
n de
ns
i
t
y
of
3.
11
2 g/
c
m
3
,
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d t
o
3.
30
7 w
he
n t
h
e
l
oa
di
n
g w
a
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d 1
0
00
kg,
t
he
n i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d t
o
3.
36
0
w
he
n t
h
e
l
oa
di
n
g wa
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d 2
00
0
k
g.
At
6
0 s
e
c
on
ds
,
t
he
l
oa
di
ng
of
5
0
0 kg t
oo
k t
he
g
r
e
e
n
de
n
s
i
t
y
of
3.
1
53
,
3.
31
3
f
o
r
10
0
k
g,
a
n
d
3.
37
2
f
o
r
20
00
k
g.
F
u
r
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
a
t
90
s
e
c
on
ds
,
t
he
l
oa
di
ng
o
f
50
0
k
g
t
o
ok
t
he
gr
e
e
n
de
ns
i
t
y
o
f
3.
24
5.
T
he
l
o
a
di
n
g
of
1
0
00
kg
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
to
3
.
34
3
a
nd
3
.
49
5
f
o
r
200
0
kg.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
a
l
s
o
t
o
o
k
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
e
e
n
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
s
s
ho
wn
in F
ig
ur
e
6.
T
h
is
m
ean
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
h
e
p
o
w
d
e
r
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
.
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
i
n
d
e
t
a
i
l
,
a
t
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
o
f
5
0
0
k
g
,
t
h
e
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
o
f
30 s
e
c
on
ds
t
o
o
k t
he
gr
e
e
n de
ns
i
t
y
va
l
ue
of
3.
11
2 g/
c
m
3,
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d t
o 3
.
1
53 a
t
60
s
e
c
o
n
ds
,
t
he
n i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d t
o
3.
24
5 a
t
90
s
e
c
on
ds
.
S
e
c
on
d
l
y
,
a
t
a
l
oa
di
n
g
of
1
00
0
kg
,
t
he
d
we
l
l
i
n
g
t
im
e
of
3
0 s
e
c
on
ds
t
oo
k t
he
gr
e
e
n
de
n
s
i
t
y
va
l
ue
o
f
3.
30
7,
3
.
3
1
3
a
t
60
s
e
c
on
ds
,
a
nd
3
.
3
4
3
a
t
9
0
s
e
c
o
nds
.
L
a
s
t
,
w
he
n
t
he
l
oa
di
n
g
on
t
he
hy
dr
a
ul
i
c
p
r
es
s
m
ach
i
n
e w
a
s
s
e
t
a
t
200
0 k
g,
t
he
g
r
e
e
n de
ns
i
t
y
va
l
u
e
of
s
a
m
pl
e
w
a
s
3.
3
6
0 a
t
30
s
e
c
o
nds
,
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d t
o
3.
37
2
a
t
6
0
s
e
c
on
ds
a
n
d
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
a
ga
i
n
t
o
3
.
4
95
a
t
9
0
s
e
c
o
nds
.
F
ig
ur
e
5
.
E
f
f
e
c
t
of
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
on
l
oa
d
on
g
r
e
e
n
de
n
s
i
t
y
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
E
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
o
n
g
r
e
e
n
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
T
h
i
s
i
n
c
r
eas
es
,
t
h
eo
r
et
i
cal
l
y
,
ar
e ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
r
at
e w
h
en
t
h
e
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
d
w
e
l
l
e
d
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
s
e
c
on
ds
.
S
o t
ha
t
,
d
ue
t
o t
he
dy
na
m
i
c
l
oa
di
n
g,
t
he
gr
e
e
n
de
ns
i
t
y
w
o
ul
d
i
n
cr
eas
e
i
n
d
i
ca
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
m
al
l
er
t
h
e
t
h
i
ck
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
l
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
e
d
.
4.
C
O
N
CL
US
I
O
N
T
he
Z
n
O na
n
o
po
w
de
r
a
na
l
y
z
e
d h
a
s
t
he
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
z
e
of
14
.
34
nm
w
i
t
h t
h
e
m
or
ph
ol
o
gy
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
d a
s
na
n
o
r
o
ds
t
y
pe
.
On t
he
c
om
pr
e
s
s
i
on l
oa
d
of
50
0
kg
,
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
ge
of
Z
n
O
gr
e
e
n d
e
ns
i
t
y
i
s
3.
17
0
g/
c
m
3.
T
hi
s
va
l
ue
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
d t
he
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
o
f
4.
7
63%
w
he
n
t
h
e
l
o
a
d w
a
s
s
e
t to
1
00
0 kg
,
a
n
d 7.
53
9%
a
t
2
000
kg
.
T
he
dw
e
l
l
i
n
g t
im
e
a
l
s
o t
oo
k t
he
s
a
m
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
At
30 s
e
c
o
nds
,
t
he
a
ve
r
a
ge
of
Z
n
O
gr
e
e
n
de
ns
i
t
y
i
s
3.
2
60
g/
c
m
3.
T
hi
s
va
l
ue
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
nc
e
d
t
he
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
of
0
.
5
8
3
%
a
t
6
0
s
e
c
o
nd
s
a
n
d
3.
0
98%
a
t
90
s
e
c
on
ds
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
A
S
I
S
S
N
:
225
2
-
88
14
P
hy
s
i
c
al
P
r
o
pe
r
t
i
e
s
an
d
C
o
m
pr
e
s
s
i
v
e
St
r
e
n
g
t
h
of
Z
i
nc
Ox
i
d
e
N
a
no
p
ow
de
r
as
a
…
(
N
ana
ng
Q
o
s
i
m
)
1
01
A
CK
NO
W
LE
D
G
E
M
EN
TS
T
he
a
ut
h
or
s
w
oul
d
l
i
ke
t
o
t
ha
nk
L
P
D
P
(
I
n
do
ne
s
i
a
n
E
n
d
ow
m
e
nt
F
u
nd
f
or
E
d
uc
a
t
i
on
)
,
M
i
ni
s
t
r
y
o
f
F
i
na
nc
e
,
R
e
pu
bl
i
c
o
f
I
n
do
ne
s
i
a
,
f
or
s
c
h
ol
a
r
s
hi
p
f
un
di
n
g
“
B
e
a
s
i
s
w
a
P
e
n
di
d
i
ka
n
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
L
P
DP
”
.
R
EF
ER
E
N
C
ES
[1]
E
.
Rodrí
gue
z
-
F
a
rre
,
E
. T
es
t
ai
,
E
. B
r
u
zel
l
, W
. D
e J
o
n
g
, G
. S
ch
m
al
z, M
. T
h
o
m
s
en
, et
a
l
.
, "
T
h
e
s
af
et
y
o
f
d
en
t
a
l
a
m
a
l
ga
m
a
nd a
l
t
e
rna
t
i
ve
de
nt
a
l
re
s
t
ora
t
i
on m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
for p
a
t
i
e
nt
s
a
nd us
e
rs
,
"
R
e
gul
at
or
y
t
ox
i
c
ol
og
y
and
phar
m
ac
ol
ogy
: R
T
P
,
vo
l
.
79,
pp.
108
-
109,
2016.
[2]
T
.
Be
rni
y
a
nt
i
an
d
N
. H
ar
i
y
a
n
i
, "
S
i
d
e ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
i
n
d
en
t
al
am
al
g
am
,"
D
e
nt
al
J
our
nal
(
Maj
al
ah Ke
dok
t
e
r
a
n
G
ig
i)
,
vol
.
41,
p
p.
30
-
34
,
2008
.
[3]
R.
A
.
Be
rnhof
t
,
"
M
e
rc
ur
y
t
oxi
c
i
t
y
a
nd t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
:
a
re
v
i
e
w
of t
h
e
l
i
t
e
ra
t
ur
e
,
"
J
our
nal
of
e
n
v
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
and pub
l
i
c
he
al
t
h
,
vol
.
2012
,
2012
.
[4]
Z
.
L
.
W
a
ng
,
"
Z
i
nc
oxi
d
e
na
nos
t
ruc
t
ur
e
s
:
grow
t
h,
prope
r
t
i
e
s
a
n
d a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
"
J
our
nal
of
P
hy
s
i
c
s
: Conde
ns
e
d
Mat
t
e
r
,
vol
.
16
,
p.
R829,
2004.
[5]
P
.
Be
di
a
nd A
.
K
a
ur,
"
A
n ove
rvi
e
w
on us
e
s
of z
i
nc
oxi
de
n
a
nopa
rt
i
c
l
e
s
,
"
Wor
l
d J
our
nal
of
P
har
m
ac
y
and
P
h
a
r
m
a
ceu
t
i
ca
l
S
ci
en
ces
,
vol
.
4
,
pp.
1177
-
1196
,
2015.
[6]
D.
-
M
.
S
m
i
l
gi
e
s
,
"
S
c
he
rre
r gra
i
n
-
s
i
z
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
da
pt
e
d t
o gra
z
i
ng
-
i
n
ci
d
en
ce s
ca
t
t
e
r
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
ar
ea d
et
ect
o
r
s
.
E
r
r
at
u
m
,
"
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
i
e
d Cr
y
s
t
al
l
ogr
aphy
,
vo
l
.
46,
pp.
2
86
-
286,
2013
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.