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CC B
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m
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.
ed
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ch
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n
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b
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Gr
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Gas
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GHG
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s
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tatio
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r
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[
1
]
.
T
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e
ca
r
b
o
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tp
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in
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o
f
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f
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em
is
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
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-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
–
23
9
228
T
h
e
t
y
p
ical
GHG
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
an
d
m
ai
n
te
n
a
n
ce
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
ar
e
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
id
e
(
C
O2
)
,
n
itro
u
s
o
x
id
e
(
N2
O)
a
n
d
m
et
h
a
n
e
(
C
H4
)
[
2
]
.
T
o
co
m
p
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
ater
ial
s
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
,
a
m
ea
s
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r
e
o
f
GHG
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m
is
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s
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x
p
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s
eq
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t
s
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
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e
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is
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n
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eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
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ca
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t
u
d
ies
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ted
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ar
k
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n
d
esti
m
ate
f
o
o
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r
in
ts
to
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f
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ti
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y
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c
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
in
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
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ca
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b
o
n
f
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o
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r
in
t
id
en
ti
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ie
d
is
al
s
o
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
i
n
g
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
s
u
s
ta
i
n
ab
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y
r
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
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o
n
m
e
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tal
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m
is
s
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
eg
u
n
i
m
p
ac
t
p
av
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m
en
t
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
p
ar
tiall
y
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
to
o
ls
w
h
ich
id
en
t
if
y
GHG
as
a
m
etr
ic
[
1
,
3
]
.
Sin
ce
th
e
1
9
8
0
s
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
h
as
b
ee
n
a
to
p
ic
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tan
c
e
d
u
e
to
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
e
x
p
en
d
it
u
r
es
an
d
u
s
er
co
s
t
s
[
4
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
litt
le
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
h
a
s
m
o
n
eti
ze
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ta
l
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
(
USDOT
)
Fed
er
al
Hig
h
W
a
y
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
tr
atio
n
(
FHW
A
)
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
tec
h
n
ical
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
L
if
e
C
y
c
le
Ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
av
e
m
en
t
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
FHW
A
h
as
m
ad
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
to
o
ls
av
ai
lab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
eir
w
eb
s
i
te
li
k
e
B
en
e
f
it
-
C
o
s
t
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
B
C
A
)
a
n
d
L
i
f
e
C
y
cle
C
o
s
t
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
(
L
C
C
A
)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
[
7
]
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
i
n
cl
u
d
e
p
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
tl
y
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
;
a
n
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
asp
h
al
t
an
d
co
n
cr
ete
p
a
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
On
tar
io
,
C
a
n
ad
a.
B
r
o
w
n
[
8
]
r
ev
ie
w
ed
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
a
5
0
-
y
ea
r
li
f
e
c
y
cle
o
f
a
s
p
h
alt
p
a
v
e
m
en
t
b
u
il
t
as
a
P
er
p
etu
al
P
av
e
m
e
n
t.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
r
o
ad
s
i
n
t
h
e
Un
it
ed
Kin
g
d
o
m
h
a
s
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
C
alc
u
lato
r
f
o
r
Har
m
o
n
is
ed
Ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
an
d
No
r
m
ali
s
atio
n
o
f
Gr
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
-
g
as
E
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
R
o
ad
s
(
C
H
A
NGE
R
)
,
an
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
to
o
l
[
9
]
.
Oth
er
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
h
as
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
t
h
is
to
p
ic
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
.
Me
lan
ta
et
al
[
1
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
th
e
C
ar
b
o
n
Fo
o
tp
r
in
t
E
s
ti
m
at
io
n
T
o
o
l
(
C
FET
)
f
o
r
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
a
s
(
G
HG)
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
o
th
er
air
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
f
r
o
m
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
th
at
ar
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
an
d
o
t
h
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Ot
h
er
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
th
e
c
ar
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
i
n
C
h
in
a
a
n
d
So
u
th
Af
r
ica,
w
h
ich
f
o
cu
s
o
n
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
w
ater
[
1
4
-
1
6
]
.
Mo
s
ier
et
al.
[
1
7
]
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
s
t
in
d
ex
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
eser
v
at
io
n
o
p
tio
n
s
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
cr
iter
io
n
t
h
at
i
n
te
g
r
ates
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
w
it
h
in
itial
co
s
t
to
j
u
s
tify
in
v
es
tin
g
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
co
s
t
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
a
b
asis
o
f
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
r
in
t
as
a
m
etr
ic.
A
co
s
t
i
n
d
ex
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
i
m
p
le
w
a
y
to
en
h
a
n
ce
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ili
t
y
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
“
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
lis
t”
o
f
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
in
itial
co
s
t,
li
f
e
c
y
cle
c
o
s
t,
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t.
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies
h
er
ei
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
e
x
te
n
s
io
n
to
t
h
e
c
ar
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
co
s
t
i
n
d
ex
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
i
s
r
esea
r
ch
h
a
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ass
o
ciati
n
g
m
an
y
p
a
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
m
ater
ial
s
w
i
th
t
h
eir
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t
o
f
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
Un
ited
State
s
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
ar
ea
h
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
s
i
m
ilar
s
t
u
d
ies
in
C
an
ad
a,
C
h
in
a,
Sp
ain
an
d
t
h
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
[
9
-
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
allo
w
s
a
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
id
p
r
ice
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t
o
f
p
av
e
m
e
n
t to
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t i
n
lin
ea
r
f
ee
t.
P
av
e
m
en
t
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
an
al
y
s
is
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
th
e
p
ast
w
it
h
o
u
t
m
a
k
in
g
a
n
y
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
s
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
r
th
e
lar
g
er
p
r
o
j
ec
t
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
id
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
c
y
f
o
r
b
r
id
g
e
d
esig
n
h
as
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
[
1
9
]
an
d
w
a
s
ap
p
lie
d
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
e
m
b
o
d
ied
C
O2
e
a
n
d
esti
m
at
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
b
r
id
g
e
d
ec
k
f
r
o
m
a
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
A
r
a
n
k
i
n
g
s
ca
le
w
as
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
b
y
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
a
b
r
id
g
es
’
C
O2
e
an
d
its
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
est
i
m
at
in
g
o
f
its
e
m
b
o
d
ied
C
O2
e
to
g
a
u
g
e
a
b
r
id
g
e’
s
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
[
1
9
]
.
An
ad
d
itio
n
al
n
o
te,
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
etti
n
g
is
a
co
n
tr
o
v
er
s
ial
ta
s
k
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
v
er
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ial
s
u
s
i
n
g
tr
ee
s
p
l
an
tatio
n
o
n
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
ett
in
g
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
tr
y
in
g
to
g
et
a
clea
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
tr
ee
s
to
p
lan
t
to
o
f
f
s
et
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
a
s
s
es
as
C
O2
e
,
th
e
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
a
n
d
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
tr
ee
s
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
e
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
f
ac
to
r
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
o
n
u
s
ed
o
f
tr
ee
s
o
r
alter
n
ativ
e
m
a
ter
ials
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
p
u
r
ch
ase
d
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
e
t
o
r
ca
r
b
o
n
tax
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
is
ti
n
g
liter
atu
r
e,
th
er
e
is
s
ti
ll
m
u
ch
to
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
p
av
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
jects.
Fu
r
t
h
er
to
h
elp
b
est
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ac
t
u
al
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t,
it
w
o
u
ld
es
s
en
tia
l
o
w
n
er
s
a
n
d
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
to
co
n
s
id
er
all
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
e
ts
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
in
d
ex
m
et
h
o
d
ass
is
t
s
o
w
n
er
s
an
d
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
p
r
o
ject
ele
m
en
ts
.
C
ar
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t v
al
u
es a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
r
a
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
f
o
llo
w
s
.
S
u
s
ta
in
a
b
ilit
y
r
a
tin
g
s
ystems
Gr
ee
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
r
is
i
n
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
p
o
p
u
latio
n
ex
p
l
o
s
io
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
s
tr
o
n
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
g
r
ee
n
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
h
a
s
co
m
e
to
th
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
s
tain
ab
il
i
t
y
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
s
a
n
d
atte
m
p
t
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
g
r
ee
n
ele
m
en
ts
in
to
b
o
th
p
r
o
j
ec
t
d
esig
n
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
S
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
m
etr
ic
s
s
u
c
h
as
I
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
Vo
lu
n
tar
y
E
v
al
u
atio
n
S
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
T
o
o
l
(
I
NVE
ST
)
,
Gr
ee
n
r
o
ad
s
[
2
3
]
an
d
th
e
Un
ited
State
s
Gr
ee
n
B
u
ild
i
n
g
C
o
u
n
cil
(
US
GB
C
)
L
ea
d
er
s
h
ip
in
E
n
er
g
y
an
d
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
De
s
ig
n
f
o
r
Neig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
(
L
E
E
D
-
ND)
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
h
ig
h
w
a
y
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
.
I
N
VE
ST
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
s
u
s
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R
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)
229
p
r
ac
tices
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tate
a
n
d
r
e
g
io
n
al
le
v
el
p
r
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g
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
m
a
y
n
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t
ap
p
l
y
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
m
u
n
i
cip
al
p
r
o
j
ec
t
[
2
4
]
.
Gr
ee
n
r
o
ad
s
h
as
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
cr
ed
its
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
m
ater
ials
an
d
d
esi
g
n
.
L
E
E
D
-
N
D
f
o
r
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
w
h
ic
h
ap
p
lies
to
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
[
2
5
]
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
ec
y
cled
a
n
d
r
eu
s
ed
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
cr
ed
it.
T
h
e
E
n
v
is
io
n
r
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
I
n
s
tit
u
te
f
o
r
Su
s
ta
in
ab
le
I
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
(
I
SI)
is
a
u
s
ef
u
l
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
m
etr
ic
to
ap
p
ly
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
t
h
e
E
n
v
is
io
n
r
atin
g
s
y
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te
m
as
i
t
s
u
p
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o
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ts
m
o
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e
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ct
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r
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tai
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ilit
y
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s
p
ec
i
f
icall
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ca
r
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o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t a
n
d
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
E
n
v
i
s
io
n
r
ati
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
h
o
u
s
es
6
0
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
ili
t
y
cr
iter
i
a
ca
lled
“Cre
d
its
”
o
r
g
a
n
ized
i
n
to
5
m
ai
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
l
if
e,
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
n
atu
r
al
w
o
r
ld
an
d
cli
m
ate
an
d
r
is
k
.
As
in
d
icate
d
ab
o
v
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
ch
o
ices
f
o
r
r
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
E
n
v
is
io
n
w
as
c
h
o
s
en
f
o
r
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alu
a
t
io
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d
u
e
to
its
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
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in
t
f
o
r
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
a
tte
m
p
ts
to
u
t
ilize
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
cr
ed
its
lis
ted
in
E
n
v
i
s
io
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to
q
u
a
n
ti
f
y
th
e
m
et
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lo
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le
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ch
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tr
u
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m
ater
ia
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n
d
p
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d
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r
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af
f
ec
ti
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g
t
h
e
ca
r
b
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n
f
o
o
tp
r
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t
o
f
a
p
av
e
m
en
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
tar
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
d
esi
g
n
to
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
s
id
er
s
5
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
E
n
v
is
io
n
cr
ed
its
n
a
m
el
y
R
A
1
.
1
-
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
Net
E
m
b
o
d
ied
E
n
er
g
y
,
C
R
1
.
1
-
R
e
d
u
cin
g
Gr
ee
n
h
o
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s
e
Ga
s
E
m
is
s
io
n
,
R
A
1
.
2
-
S
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
S
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
P
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
P
r
ac
tices,
R
A
1
.
3
-
U
s
i
n
g
R
ec
y
cled
Ma
ter
ial
an
d
R
A
1
.
4
-
U
s
in
g
R
e
g
io
n
a
l
Ma
ter
ials
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
u
s
es
C
O2
e
as
a
p
r
o
x
y
o
f
e
m
b
o
d
ied
en
er
g
y
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d
g
r
ee
n
h
o
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s
e
g
ase
s
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
licit
y
i
n
th
e
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
s
.
F
o
r
cr
ed
its
;
R
A
1
.
1
-
R
ed
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ci
n
g
Net
E
m
b
o
d
ied
E
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
C
R
1
.
1
-
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
Gr
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
Gas
E
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
t
h
e
n
e
t
em
b
o
d
ied
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
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ca
n
b
e
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ed
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ce
d
in
to
2
w
a
y
s
,
r
ed
u
c
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
m
ater
ial
o
r
s
ele
ctin
g
m
a
ter
ial
w
it
h
lo
w
er
e
m
b
o
d
ied
en
er
g
y
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
r
e
v
ie
w
h
o
w
s
u
b
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itu
t
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g
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d
if
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er
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t
m
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ter
i
al
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th
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lo
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e
m
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o
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ied
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e
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y
a
f
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ts
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
.
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h
o
ices
o
f
d
if
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er
e
n
t
s
u
b
g
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ad
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s
tab
iliza
ti
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et
h
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d
s
w
it
h
lo
w
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f
o
o
t
p
r
in
t
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ad
d
itio
n
to
a
ca
r
b
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n
o
f
f
s
etti
n
g
lik
e
tr
ee
s
o
r
u
tili
t
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p
ip
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w
h
ich
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c
e
th
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ca
r
b
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n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
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g
n
if
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ca
n
tl
y
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n
g
w
it
h
th
e
e
m
b
o
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ied
en
er
g
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e
m
ad
e
an
d
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
d
in
th
e
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
is
s
io
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ec
ti
o
n
i
n
Fi
s
h
er
s
a
n
d
OK
C
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
a
d
is
ti
n
ct
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
7
0
-
8
0
(
k
ilo
g
r
a
m
)
k
g
o
f
C
O2
e
p
er
li
n
ea
r
f
ee
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ec
tio
n
w
h
ich
r
elate
s
to
7
0
-
7
5
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
a
s
em
i
s
s
io
n
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
w
o
u
l
d
ea
r
n
a
“
Su
p
er
io
r
”
b
ad
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
E
n
v
i
s
io
n
r
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
B
y
ev
alu
a
tin
g
t
w
o
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
lo
ca
tio
n
s
al
s
o
ill
u
s
tr
ate
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
c
h
o
ices
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
o
af
f
ec
t
s
th
e
C
O2
e.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
G
HG
ca
lc
u
latio
n
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
r
a
w
m
ater
ial
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
p
h
ase,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
to
th
e
p
av
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
h
a
s
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
o
f
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
els
an
d
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
m
p
letel
y
u
til
izes
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
d
is
tan
ce
s
id
en
ti
f
ied
i
n
T
ab
le
1
w
h
ich
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ea
ch
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
cu
r
ed
.
W
h
en
at
least
6
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
ar
e
p
r
o
cu
r
ed
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
d
i
s
tan
ce
s
as
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
i
n
R
A
1
.
4
-
Usi
n
g
R
e
g
io
n
a
l M
ater
i
a
ls
[
2
6
]
co
u
ld
ea
r
n
an
“
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
”
b
ad
g
e
u
n
d
er
th
e
E
n
v
is
io
n
R
atin
g
S
y
s
te
m
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
d
is
tan
ce
esti
m
a
tes
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
D
i
st
a
n
c
e
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
S
o
i
l
s a
n
d
m
u
l
c
h
e
s
5
0
mi
l
e
s /
8
0
k
m
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
s,
S
a
n
d
s
5
0
mi
l
e
s /
8
0
k
m
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
1
0
0
m
i
l
e
s /
1
6
0
k
m
P
l
a
n
t
s
2
5
0
m
i
l
e
s /
4
0
0
k
m
O
t
h
e
r
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
(
e
x
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
)
5
0
0
m
i
l
e
s /
8
0
0
k
m
E
n
v
i
s
io
n
cr
ed
it
R
A
1
.
3
-
Usi
n
g
R
ec
y
cled
Ma
ter
ial
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
g
i
n
m
a
ter
ials
an
d
av
o
id
s
e
n
d
in
g
u
s
e
f
u
l
m
a
ter
ials
to
la
n
d
f
il
ls
w
h
ic
h
o
t
h
er
w
i
s
e
co
u
ld
b
e
r
eu
s
ed
o
r
r
ec
y
cled
an
d
u
s
ed
a
s
a
b
u
ild
in
g
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
a
g
r
ee
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
ch
e
m
ical
ad
d
itiv
es
;
f
l
y
a
s
h
,
C
KD
a
n
d
li
m
e,
t
y
p
icall
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
u
b
g
r
ad
e
s
t
ab
ilizatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
g
o
o
d
b
asis
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
b
o
d
ied
e
n
er
g
y
alo
n
g
w
it
h
GH
G
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
ca
lc
u
la
tio
n
s
f
o
r
s
o
il
s
tab
iliza
tio
n
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
i
n
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
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Vo
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9
,
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3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
–
23
9
230
th
e
at
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o
s
p
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W
h
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.
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8
[
3
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.
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Dep
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.
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f
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k
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in
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[
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]
.
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p
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a
v
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f
f
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6
[
3
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Am
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ican
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Of
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AASHT
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o
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f
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eth
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d
[
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.
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ter
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d
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g
h
t [
3
6
]
.
An
ap
p
licatio
n
r
ate
o
f
5
% b
y
w
ei
g
h
t
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
h
er
e.
L
o
ca
liti
e
s
m
a
y
s
p
ec
i
f
y
a
v
ar
i
et
y
o
f
ag
g
r
eg
a
tes
f
o
r
b
ase
m
a
ter
ial.
Ag
g
r
e
g
ate
b
ase
v
ar
ies
in
d
en
s
i
t
y
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
co
m
p
ac
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
lo
ca
liti
e
s
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
h
er
ei
n
s
u
b
b
ase
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
cl
u
d
e
No
.
8
an
d
No
.
5
3
co
ar
s
e
ag
g
r
eg
ate
b
ase
m
ater
ial
b
le
n
d
s
as
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
b
y
I
n
DOT
[
3
6
]
.
A
n
a
g
g
r
e
g
ate
b
len
d
co
n
tain
s
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
s
iev
e
s
ize
m
ater
i
als
b
ased
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
U.
S.
m
esh
o
r
s
ie
v
e
o
p
en
i
n
g
s
izes.
A
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
d
en
s
itie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
en
t
if
ied
f
o
r
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
b
ase
m
ater
ials
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
p
cf
to
1
8
0
p
cf
.
Ha
m
m
o
n
d
an
d
J
o
n
es
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t in
t
h
eir
I
n
v
en
to
r
y
o
f
C
ar
b
o
n
an
d
E
n
er
g
y
(
I
C
E
)
.
T
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
I
C
E
i
s
2
,
2
4
0
k
g
p
er
cu
b
ic
m
eter
w
h
ic
h
co
n
v
er
ts
to
1
3
9
.
8
p
cf
r
o
u
n
d
ed
to
1
4
0
p
cf
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
licit
y
h
er
ein
.
P
o
ten
tia
l c
a
r
b
o
n
o
ffs
ets fo
r
in
fr
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
Fo
r
a
2
4
’
r
o
ad
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
s
tat
u
to
r
y
r
i
g
h
t
-
of
-
w
a
y
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
o
f
O
k
la
h
o
m
a
is
6
6
’
as
id
en
ti
f
ied
i
n
th
e
Or
g
a
n
ic
A
ct
o
f
1
8
9
0
as
4
r
o
d
s
w
id
e
w
ith
a
r
o
d
b
ein
g
eq
u
al
to
1
6
.
5
f
ee
t
[
3
7
]
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
i
s
“sh
ar
ed
”
s
p
ac
e
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
w
n
er
an
d
th
e
s
tate,
a
clea
r
zo
n
e
[
3
8
]
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
7
’
-
1
0
’
eit
h
er
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ec
t
io
n
.
A
lo
n
g
with
h
i
g
h
w
a
y
s
ig
n
s
,
s
o
m
e
lo
w
p
lan
tin
g
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
th
is
ar
ea
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
t
u
r
f
g
r
ass
.
I
n
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
p
lan
t
s
a
n
d
x
er
i
s
c
ap
in
g
w
o
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
o
u
tco
m
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
lea
s
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
i
n
s
tallatio
n
a
n
d
ca
r
e.
I
n
OKC
an
d
Fis
h
er
s
x
er
i
s
ca
p
in
g
is
n
o
t
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
an
d
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
er
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
is
p
len
t
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
id
en
tify
i
n
g
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
s
eq
u
es
tr
ati
o
n
v
al
u
e
o
f
n
a
tiv
e
s
o
ils
an
d
x
er
is
ca
p
in
g
.
B
o
u
ch
ar
d
et
al.
[
39
]
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
i
n
s
ig
h
t in
to
t
h
e
d
itch
ar
ea
o
n
a
s
e
ctio
n
w
it
h
n
o
cu
r
b
.
As th
e
v
eg
e
tatio
n
ac
t
s
as a
f
i
lt
er
an
d
s
w
a
le,
it a
ls
o
p
r
o
v
id
es s
o
m
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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l
Sci
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2
2
5
2
-
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A
co
mp
a
r
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o
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o
f th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
fo
o
tp
r
in
t o
f p
a
ve
men
t i
n
fr
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
cia
ted
…
(
R
a
ch
e
l D
.
Mo
s
ier
)
231
P
o
ten
tial
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
ets
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
id
en
tif
ied
,
esp
ec
iall
y
th
o
s
e
b
eh
i
n
d
th
e
c
u
r
b
o
r
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
r
o
ad
b
ed
.
Ma
n
y
r
o
ad
w
a
y
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
in
clu
d
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
a
n
d
tr
ee
s
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
et
o
n
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
1
9
k
ilo
g
r
a
m
s
p
er
y
ea
r
at
m
at
u
r
it
y
,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
b
et
w
ee
n
1
2
an
d
1
8
in
c
h
es
i
n
tr
u
n
k
d
ia
m
eter
an
d
t
y
p
icall
y
o
v
er
3
0
f
ee
t
i
n
h
ei
g
h
t
[
4
0
,
4
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
o
th
e
r
ev
id
en
ce
p
r
o
v
id
es
ca
r
b
o
n
s
t
o
r
ag
e
in
tr
ee
s
an
d
s
h
r
u
b
s
in
g
r
a
m
s
p
er
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
b
ased
o
n
lan
d
u
s
e.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
tr
ee
s
s
eq
u
ester
ca
r
b
o
n
d
u
r
in
g
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
is
a
ls
o
s
o
m
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
lo
s
s
d
u
e
to
lack
o
f
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
a
n
d
d
ea
th
.
T
r
ee
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
en
ef
its
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
li
k
e
s
h
ad
e
an
d
s
eq
u
ester
i
n
g
r
ai
n
w
ater
.
A
d
d
itio
n
a
l b
en
e
f
its
i
n
cl
u
d
e
ev
ap
o
tr
an
s
p
i
r
atio
n
co
o
lin
g
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
4
2
]
.
T
u
r
f
g
r
ass
a
n
d
s
h
r
u
b
s
ca
n
als
o
b
e
u
s
ed
in
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
T
u
r
f
g
r
ass
e
s
ar
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
ca
lcu
late
f
o
r
o
f
f
s
et
s
d
u
e
to
f
er
tili
ze
r
,
ir
r
ig
atio
n
an
d
o
t
h
er
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
lik
e
m
o
w
i
n
g
[
4
3
]
.
I
n
ar
ea
s
w
h
er
e
o
th
er
t
y
p
es
o
f
g
r
ass
e
s
o
r
w
i
ld
f
lo
w
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
ass
u
m
p
ti
o
n
s
w
o
u
ld
ch
a
n
g
e.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
lif
e
s
ta
g
e,
Sh
r
u
b
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
0
.
1
3
-
1
2
.
9
3
g
/m
2
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
s
to
r
ag
e
b
ased
o
n
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
s
h
r
u
b
b
er
y
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
v
eg
etati
v
e
d
itc
h
o
f
f
s
e
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
an
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
u
tili
t
y
p
ip
e.
Ma
n
y
u
tili
ties
ar
e
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
co
p
e
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
en
t
ities
an
d
ar
e
s
e
lf
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
.
So
m
e
u
tili
tie
s
m
a
y
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
li
k
e
s
to
r
m
s
e
w
er
,
w
ater
lin
e
s
a
n
d
s
a
n
itar
y
s
e
w
e
r
lin
e
s
.
An
i
n
-
d
ep
th
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
ese
u
tili
ties
i
s
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
h
er
e,
b
u
t
s
o
m
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
m
er
ited
.
A
n
I
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
o
f
C
ar
b
o
n
a
n
d
E
n
er
g
y
(
I
C
E
)
,
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
[
2
1
]
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
a
ter
ials
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
co
n
cr
ete,
ir
o
n
,
s
teel,
Hi
g
h
De
n
s
it
y
P
o
l
y
E
t
h
y
len
e
(
HDP
E
)
,
P
o
ly
Vi
n
y
l
C
h
lo
r
id
e
(
P
VC
)
an
d
v
itri
f
ied
cla
y
p
ip
e
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
as
w
ell
to
m
a
k
e
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
s
as
to
th
e
leas
t
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
r
in
t.
L
ik
e
an
y
o
th
er
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
th
e
p
ip
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ct
alo
n
e,
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
s
e
ttin
g
a
n
d
b
ed
d
in
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
m
u
s
t b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
s
w
ell.
S
u
b
s
tit
u
ti
n
g
f
l
y
a
s
h
o
r
s
lag
f
o
r
P
C
C
P
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
ass
o
ciate
d
GHG
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
[
4
5
]
.
W
ar
m
M
ix
Asp
h
alt
o
r
R
ec
y
cled
A
s
p
h
alt
P
av
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
a
s
w
ell.
T
h
is
i
s
n
o
t
a
n
e
x
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
l
is
t
b
u
t
m
ea
n
t
to
ill
u
s
tr
a
te
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
alter
n
ati
v
es
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ie
w
ed
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
o
ad
w
a
y
t
y
p
e
s
b
u
t
is
co
n
f
in
ed
to
a
ty
p
ica
l
co
u
n
t
y
r
o
ad
s
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
d
itch
.
As
s
u
ch
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
r
o
ad
w
a
y
li
g
h
t
s
o
r
s
id
e
w
al
k
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
ap
p
lied
to
th
ese
ad
d
itio
n
al
item
s
.
E
lectr
ical
ite
m
s
h
a
v
e
co
n
t
in
u
in
g
co
s
ts
t
h
at
ar
e
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
h
er
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ec
tio
n
s
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
Fis
h
er
s
,
I
N
(
Fis
h
er
s
)
an
d
Ok
la
h
o
m
a
C
i
t
y
(
OKC),
OK.
B
o
th
m
u
n
icip
alitie
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
t
y
p
ical
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
n
li
n
e.
T
h
i
s
is
u
n
iq
u
e
to
s
m
aller
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
en
titi
es.
A
w
eb
s
ea
r
ch
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
U
n
ited
State
s
.
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
ts
o
f
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
t
y
p
icall
y
r
el
y
o
n
d
es
ig
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
f
o
r
all
o
f
t
h
eir
h
ig
h
w
a
y
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
f
i
n
d
co
u
n
t
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
b
r
i
d
g
es.
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
m
u
n
icip
al
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
w
er
e
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
cities
in
Flo
r
id
a,
I
n
d
ian
a,
T
en
n
e
s
s
ee
,
O
h
io
,
O
k
lah
o
m
a,
a
n
d
W
as
h
in
g
to
n
.
L
o
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
Fis
h
er
s
a
n
d
OK
C
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
li
n
e.
A
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
al
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
t
h
ese
t
w
o
lo
ca
tio
n
s
is
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
tea
m
.
A
s
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
tea
m
a
lr
ea
d
y
h
ad
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
b
e
ca
m
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies.
Star
tin
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
ar
ea
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t
w
a
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
R
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ar
e
ty
p
ical
l
y
b
id
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
ar
ea
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t,
an
ea
s
y
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
to
co
s
t
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t
also
allo
w
s
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
ater
ial
s
to
b
e
in
d
ex
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
Fo
r
HM
A
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
tac
k
co
at
is
n
o
t
in
cl
u
d
ed
as
th
e
p
ay
ite
m
f
o
r
tack
co
at
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
in
g
allo
n
s
an
d
n
o
t
in
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t.
A
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
f
o
r
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
r
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
f
o
r
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
b
id
d
in
g
f
o
r
m
o
n
etiza
t
io
n
.
I
f
GHG
is
ca
lcu
lated
in
b
id
d
in
g
q
u
an
t
iti
es
lik
e
li
n
ea
r
f
o
o
t
(
L
F)
o
r
s
q
u
ar
e
f
o
o
t
(
SF
)
th
en
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
co
s
t
b
et
w
ee
n
o
p
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
GHG.
Gr
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
ase
s
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
u
s
ed
i
n
B
r
itis
h
T
h
er
m
al
Un
its
(
B
tu
s
)
,
J
o
u
les
o
r
m
eg
aj
o
u
les
(
MJ
)
.
T
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
e
m
b
o
d
ied
en
er
g
y
(
ca
r
b
o
n
)
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
c
y
cle,
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
as
C
O2
e.
Ha
m
m
o
n
d
an
d
J
o
n
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
co
m
m
o
n
id
ea
o
f
cr
ad
le
to
g
at
e,
w
h
ic
h
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
en
er
g
y
p
r
io
r
to
leav
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
y
[
2
1
]
.
Sh
ip
p
in
g
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
s
ep
ar
ately
.
C
h
e
v
o
tis
an
d
Gale
h
o
u
s
e
u
s
e
a
s
i
m
ila
r
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
s
p
ec
if
y
i
n
g
a
n
e
x
p
ec
ted
tr
av
el
cir
cu
it
[
2
0
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
esear
c
h
,
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
te
d
in
o
n
e
s
et
o
f
u
n
it
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
o
f
f
s
et
d
u
e
to
tr
ee
s
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
k
g
/
t
r
ee
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ch
o
ic
e
o
f
u
n
i
ts
i
s
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
s
i
n
q
u
e
s
ti
o
n
o
r
k
g
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
p
er
u
n
it.
Gr
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
Gas
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
p
av
e
m
e
n
t,
s
tab
ilizatio
n
an
d
u
tili
t
y
m
ater
ials
id
en
t
if
ied
.
T
h
e
GH
G
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
ater
ial
s
w
er
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
id
d
ab
le
u
n
it.
I
n
m
o
s
t
ca
s
es
t
h
e
b
id
d
in
g
u
n
it
i
s
b
ased
o
n
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t.
T
h
e
o
p
t
io
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
e
lea
s
t
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t.
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
u
n
icip
alitie
s
h
av
e
s
i
m
ilar
r
o
ad
w
a
y
s
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
d
r
ain
a
g
e.
T
h
is
is
n
o
t
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
–
23
9
232
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
b
u
t a
n
il
lu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
ch
o
ices
t
h
at
co
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e.
Fo
r
OK
C
,
a
t
y
p
ical
2
4
’
HM
A
s
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
a
d
itch
,
th
e
s
ec
t
io
n
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
3
"
T
y
p
e
B
H
MA
o
v
er
6
"
C
o
m
p
ac
ted
Su
b
g
r
ad
e,
an
d
o
v
er
6
"
Stab
ilized
A
g
g
r
eg
a
te
B
as
e
o
r
1
0
"
Stab
ilized
So
il.
T
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
s
ec
t
io
n
f
o
r
Fis
h
er
s
is
n
o
ted
as
Ma
i
n
St./Seco
n
d
ar
y
St.
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
1
.
5
"
T
y
p
e
A
HM
A
Su
r
f
ac
e
o
v
er
2
.
5
"
T
y
p
e
A
HM
A
I
n
t
er
m
ed
iate
an
d
2
.
5
"
T
y
p
e
A
HM
A
B
ase,
o
v
er
3
"
T
y
p
e
A
HM
A
B
ase
an
d
1
4
"
Stab
ilized
S
u
b
g
r
ad
e
o
r
6
"
C
o
m
p
ac
ted
Ag
g
r
e
g
at
e
B
ase
No
.
5
3
o
n
1
4
"
Stab
ilized
Su
b
g
r
ad
e.
T
h
e
n
ar
r
ativ
e
d
esc
r
ip
tio
n
is
tab
u
lated
i
n
T
ab
le
2
w
it
h
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t.
2
.
1
.
Ca
rbo
n f
o
o
t
print
I
te
m
ized
lis
t
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
ts
h
as
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
th
o
s
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
h
er
e
[
2
0
-
2
1
]
,
w
h
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
y
p
ical
ite
m
s
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
ex
h
au
s
ti
v
e
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
a
li
n
ea
r
f
o
o
t
o
f
r
o
ad
w
a
y
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
p
er
lin
ea
r
f
o
o
t
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
a
n
d
o
w
n
er
s
f
o
r
b
u
d
g
et
ch
o
ices
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
r
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
la
y
er
s
o
f
m
at
er
ial
is
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
ased
o
n
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
in
k
g
/
lf
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
GHG
o
r
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
is
g
i
v
en
in
k
g
/to
n
.
Fro
m
d
en
s
itie
s
id
en
ti
f
ied
i
n
th
e
P
av
e
m
e
n
t
S
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
k
g
/to
n
o
f
m
ater
ial
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
eith
er
HM
A
o
r
P
C
C
P
.
Usi
n
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
w
ei
g
h
t
p
er
i
n
ch
o
f
th
ick
n
es
s
,
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
f
o
r
in
ch
o
f
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
is
is
a
u
s
e
f
u
l
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
a
s
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Gale
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2
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4
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4
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ca
lcu
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m
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G
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Sp
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Usi
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233
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tin
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[
3
8
]
.
A
lt
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ased
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2
1
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b
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Fi
g
u
r
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1
.
Fig
u
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1
.
C
ar
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.
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ater
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.