I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
4
,
p
p
.
15
8
~
16
4
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
158
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
AAS
Sensitiv
ity
A
na
ly
s
is o
f
Si
m
pli
fied
L
o
w
Cos
t
Co
nv
ergi
ng
Ther
m
a
l
Wav
e T
echnique
for
Thin
Bila
y
er Sol
id
M
.
S.
H
us
in
*
,
M
.
M
.
M
o
k
s
in
*
,
S.
J
ibrin
*
,
B
.
Z
.
Az
m
i
*
,
W
.
M
.
M
.
Yunu
s
*
,
M
.
Wa
ziri
**
*
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
la
y
sia
**
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tr
a
M
a
la
y
sia
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
2
2
,
2
0
1
4
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
t
h
e
se
n
siti
v
it
y
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
th
e
rm
o
p
h
y
sic
a
l
p
a
ra
m
e
t
e
rs
o
f
th
e
se
m
i
-
in
f
in
it
e
b
il
a
y
e
r
w
a
s
p
re
se
n
te
d
b
y
u
sin
g
a
sim
p
li
f
ied
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
th
e
rm
a
l
w
a
v
e
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
th
a
t
ra
d
i
a
l
f
lo
w
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
th
e
r
m
a
l
wa
v
e
su
b
sta
n
ti
a
ll
y
d
o
m
in
a
tes
in
th
e
f
irst
la
y
e
r
a
n
d
a
x
ial
th
e
rm
a
l
wa
v
e
,
d
o
m
in
a
tes
in
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
lay
e
r.
T
h
e
se
n
siti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
c
o
rre
late
d
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
d
u
e
to
th
e
5
%
,
1
0
%
a
n
d
1
0
0
%
o
f
in
c
re
m
e
n
t
w
e
re
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
.
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
c
a
lcu
late
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
r
e
we
re
si
m
u
late
d
b
y
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
so
f
t
w
a
re
,
in
o
rd
e
r
to
g
e
n
e
ra
te
a
se
n
siti
v
it
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
b
y
g
ra
p
h
s.
F
ro
m
th
is
a
n
a
ly
sis,
w
e
c
o
n
c
lu
d
e
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,
h
e
n
c
e
to
b
e
a
p
p
li
e
d
i
n
th
e
re
a
l
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
t.
Ou
r
m
e
rit
o
n
th
is
re
p
o
rt
is
f
o
r
in
tro
d
u
c
in
g
a
sim
p
le
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
o
p
ti
c
a
l
tran
sie
n
t
h
e
a
ti
n
g
b
y
u
sin
g
lo
w
c
o
st
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
su
c
h
a
s
c
a
m
e
ra
‟s
f
las
h
la
m
p
a
n
d
th
e
rm
o
c
o
u
p
le,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
a
lso
a
p
p
ly
t
o
th
e
sh
o
rt
p
u
lse
las
e
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t.
A
b
rief
th
e
o
ry
o
f
th
e
p
re
se
n
t
w
o
rk
is
p
re
s
e
n
ted
a
n
d
th
e
re
su
lt
s
o
b
tai
n
e
d
f
ro
m
t
h
e
sim
u
latio
n
a
re
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
a
m
er
a
f
las
h
S
i
m
p
li
f
ied
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
T
h
er
m
al
d
i
f
f
u
s
iv
it
y
T
h
in
b
ila
y
er
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
4
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
S.
Hu
s
i
n
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
P
h
y
s
ics,
Fac
u
lt
y
o
f
Scie
n
ce
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti P
u
tr
a
Ma
la
y
s
ia
,
Ser
d
an
g
,
Sela
n
g
o
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
n
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ed
s
ize
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
r
ai
s
ed
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
c
h
allen
g
e
i
n
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
er
m
o
-
p
h
y
s
ical
q
u
an
tit
ies
a
n
d
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
n
e
w
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
f
o
r
th
i
n
la
y
er
s
an
d
f
i
l
m
s
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
t
h
er
m
o
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
er
m
a
l
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
s
ize
d
ep
en
d
en
t
m
ater
ials
ar
e
u
r
g
en
t
l
y
n
ee
d
ed
as
t
h
e
y
ar
e
r
i
g
id
l
y
n
o
lo
n
g
er
in
h
er
i
ted
its
b
u
l
k
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
t
w
o
p
r
o
p
er
ties
t
h
er
m
al
d
i
f
f
u
s
iv
it
y
is
s
i
m
p
ler
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
is
th
en
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
er
m
a
l
co
n
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
s
b
y
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t c
ap
ac
it
y
a
n
d
d
en
s
it
y
.
1
.
1
.
F
la
s
h T
ec
h
niq
ue
T
h
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
iv
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
las
h
m
et
h
o
d
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
ar
k
er
et
al.
[
1
]
is
w
id
el
y
ac
ce
p
ted
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies a
n
d
r
ese
ar
ch
i
n
s
tit
u
te
s
s
in
ce
ea
r
l
y
6
0
‟
s
.
I
t c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
n
o
p
tical
ir
r
ad
iatin
g
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
f
o
r
a
d
u
r
atio
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
s
m
a
ller
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
tr
a
n
s
it
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
ce
d
th
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
i
s
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
th
in
d
is
c
a
n
d
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
h
i
s
to
r
y
is
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
o
n
its
r
ea
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
al
f
-
r
is
e
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
a
llo
w
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
h
ea
t d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
e
q
u
atio
n
.
Sin
ce
it
s
in
ce
p
tio
n
in
1
9
6
1
,
th
e
f
la
s
h
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
ce
p
ted
as
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
s
o
lid
s
.
U
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
t
h
i
s
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
n
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
S
en
s
itivity A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f S
imp
lifi
ed
Lo
w
C
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
g
in
g
Th
erma
l W
a
ve
Tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
Th
in
…
(
M.
S
.
Hu
s
in
)
159
h
ig
h
l
y
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
t
h
i
n
s
o
lid
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
ti
m
e
i
s
le
s
s
t
h
an
t
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
o
p
tical
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
la
s
h
m
et
h
o
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
air
l
y
s
i
m
p
le
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
,
f
u
r
n
ac
e
s
,
an
d
as
s
o
ciate
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
b
u
t
it
is
u
n
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
er
m
a
l
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
u
ltra
th
i
n
s
a
m
p
le
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
m
ater
ial
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
u
l
tr
a
-
s
h
o
r
t
p
u
l
s
ed
laser
.
Ke
h
o
e
et
al.
[
2
]
h
av
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
t
h
e
t
h
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
h
i
g
h
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
m
etal
f
o
il
s
w
i
th
th
e
t
h
ick
n
es
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
3
0
µ
m
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
e
th
o
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
P
ar
k
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
n
a
n
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
p
u
l
s
ed
laser
.
A
n
y
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
th
i
n
n
er
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
aster
la
s
er
th
at
w
o
u
l
d
ea
s
il
y
ca
u
s
e
s
laser
d
a
m
ag
e
to
th
e
s
a
m
p
les
b
es
id
es
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
a
m
u
ch
f
a
s
ter
d
etec
to
r
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
r
ea
r
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
1
.
2
.
Co
nv
er
g
ing
T
her
m
a
l Wa
v
e
T
ec
hn
i
qu
e
C
o
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
av
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
P
.
C
ielo
et
al
[
3
]
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
i
n
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
ey
u
s
ed
an
a
n
n
u
lar
b
ea
m
h
e
atin
g
r
ath
er
t
h
an
a
b
ea
m
s
p
o
t a
s
u
s
ed
b
y
P
ar
k
er
et
al.
,
b
y
in
s
er
tin
g
a
n
a
x
ico
n
le
n
s
p
lace
d
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
e
lo
ca
ll
y
in
d
u
ce
d
h
ea
t
alo
n
g
t
h
e
an
n
u
l
ar
w
o
u
ld
p
ar
tl
y
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
in
w
ar
d
an
d
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
etec
ted
at
th
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
an
n
u
l
u
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
in
v
o
l
v
es
w
i
th
in
-
p
l
an
e
h
ea
t
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
,
w
h
ich
a
llo
w
lo
n
g
er
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
ti
m
e,
in
co
n
tr
ast
w
it
h
ax
ial
h
e
at
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
in
P
ar
k
er
‟
s
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e
also
allo
w
s
s
t
r
o
n
g
er
s
ig
n
al
to
b
e
d
etec
ted
as it
w
as a
co
llectio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
t
h
at
co
n
v
er
g
es to
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
en
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
m
o
s
t s
u
it
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
tl
y
t
h
i
n
s
a
m
p
le
[
4
]
-
[
5
]
s
u
ch
t
h
at
in
-
p
la
n
e
h
ea
t
m
o
s
tl
y
d
o
m
in
ate
s
t
h
e
h
ea
t
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
,
it
i
s
p
er
tin
en
t
to
h
a
v
e
an
o
p
tical
h
ea
ti
n
g
b
ea
m
i
n
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
a
v
er
y
t
h
in
r
i
n
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
in
th
e
an
n
u
l
u
s
‟
s
r
ad
i
u
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
h
i
g
h
l
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
laser
s
o
u
r
ce
th
at
co
u
ld
ex
ce
ed
t
h
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e
a
s
ig
n
al
a
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
d
ata
av
er
ag
in
g
o
v
er
u
p
to
th
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
al
s
ar
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
allo
w
l
ar
g
er
an
n
u
l
u
s
r
ad
iu
s
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
in
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
i
s
m
a
y
n
o
t p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
i
n
f
in
i
tel
y
th
i
n
,
h
i
g
h
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
i
t
y
a
n
d
li
g
h
t
-
r
e
f
lect
a
n
d
s
e
m
i tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
m
ater
ials
(
s
u
c
h
as
m
etals),
w
h
ic
h
o
n
l
y
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
v
er
y
s
m
all
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
lig
h
t,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
o
r
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
u
n
le
s
s
h
ig
h
l
y
li
g
h
t
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
co
at
i
s
ap
p
lied
o
n
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
n
o
t
h
er
la
y
er
o
f
h
i
g
h
l
y
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
m
ater
ial
o
n
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
lea
d
s
to
n
e
w
is
s
u
e
w
h
en
its
th
ic
k
n
es
s
b
ec
o
m
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
b
ec
o
m
es
a
b
ilay
er
a
n
d
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
o
u
ld
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
th
er
m
a
l
d
if
f
u
s
iv
it
y
o
f
th
e
b
ila
y
er
.
B
y
t
h
at,
t
h
e
n
e
w
co
n
v
er
g
in
g
t
h
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
m
u
s
t b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
is
e
f
f
ec
t.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
s
en
s
it
iv
i
t
y
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
i
n
b
ila
y
er
s
a
m
p
le
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
l
if
ied
co
n
v
er
g
in
g
th
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
lo
w
co
s
t
s
etu
p
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
ca
m
er
a
f
la
s
h
(
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
er
m
al
w
av
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
in
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
)
b
y
r
ad
iati
n
g
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
aq
u
e
la
y
er
an
d
th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
is
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
n
o
r
d
in
ar
y
th
er
m
o
co
u
p
le.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
2
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
L
a
y
er
Co
nv
er
g
ing
T
her
m
a
l Wa
v
e
L
et
T
(
r
,
t
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
a
s
e
m
i
i
n
f
in
i
te
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
at
a
p
o
in
t
r
,
at
ti
m
e
t.
A
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
is
in
f
i
n
itel
y
lar
g
e
in
r
ad
iu
s
,
r
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
z
,
th
e
id
ea
l
ca
s
e
o
f
a
t
w
o
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
l
ca
s
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
h
ea
t e
q
u
atio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
s
e
m
i
in
f
i
n
ite
b
ila
y
er
h
ea
t
ed
b
y
a
r
i
n
g
p
u
ls
ed
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
A
s
e
m
i
-
in
f
i
n
ite
o
f
b
ila
y
er
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
n
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
itie
s
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
e
co
n
d
la
y
er
ar
e
k
1
an
d
k
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
ick
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
,
d
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
ex
te
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
z=
d
to
in
f
i
n
it
y
.
A
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ir
r
ad
iates
o
n
a
„
r
in
g
‟
r
eg
io
n
b
y
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
ic
h
ea
t
p
u
ls
e
w
it
h
en
er
g
y
Q
(
W
/m
2
)
at
ti
m
e
t=0
an
d
T
(
r
,
t)
=
T
1
(
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
1
0
K,
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
h
e
at
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
s
m
all
a
n
d
n
eg
l
ig
ib
le)
.
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
g
e
n
er
ated
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
a
ce
,
th
e
n
d
i
f
f
u
s
es
to
t
h
e
ce
n
te
r
b
y
r
ad
iu
s
r
.
Ass
u
m
i
n
g
th
e
en
tire
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
4
:
15
8
–
16
4
160
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
th
er
m
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
t
h
e
h
ea
t
co
n
d
u
c
tio
n
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
(
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
T
(
t)
th
at
s
atis
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ea
t
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
m
i
in
f
i
n
ite
d
i
s
c,
T
=
T
0
=
0
K,
at
t=0
s
(
at
e
q
u
ilib
r
iu
m
s
tate)
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
[
5
]
:
(
)
*
+
(
2
)
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
i
ed
b
y
n
o
r
m
al
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
6
]
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
T
m
ax
(
r
,
t
m
)
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
Q/(
4
πα
)
v
a
n
is
h
e
d
an
d
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
ac
h
iev
in
g
1
(
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
le
s
s
)
an
d
o
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
n
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
(
r
)
an
d
th
er
m
al
d
i
f
f
u
s
iv
i
t
y
(
α
)
w
h
ich
is
w
r
itte
n
in
E
q
u
a
tio
n
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
s
tan
t
p
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
n
u
m
b
er
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
a
m
p
les.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
p
in
t
w
o
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
i
s
1
(
2
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
2
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
,
d
ca
n
b
e
n
eg
lec
ted
w
h
e
n
it
co
m
e
s
in
f
i
n
itel
y
s
m
all
co
m
p
ar
e
to
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
r
ad
iu
s
r
.
Fo
r
th
e
th
r
ee
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
ca
s
e,
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
p
b
ec
o
m
es 1
.
5
(
3
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
2
)
.
(
)
(
)
*
(
)
+
(
3
)
I
f
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
iate
d
,
th
e
p
ea
k
ti
m
e
at
w
h
ic
h
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
r
ea
ch
es a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
,
t
m
,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
i
n
it
ial
v
alu
e
o
f
th
er
m
al
d
i
f
f
u
s
iv
i
t
y
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
(
4
)
,
th
en
to
b
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
i
n
th
e
c
u
r
v
e
f
itti
n
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ate.
A
f
ter
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiat
e,
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
b
ec
o
m
es [
7
]
:
(
4
)
3.
SI
M
P
L
I
F
I
E
D
B
I
L
AY
E
R
C
O
NVER
G
I
N
G
T
H
E
RM
AL
WAVE
I
n
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
w
e
h
a
v
e
ad
o
p
ted
an
in
v
er
s
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
ap
p
lied
to
in
f
r
ar
ed
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
i
m
a
g
es
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
Fav
r
o
et
al.
[
8
]
-
[
9
]
.
Fav
r
o
‟
s
eq
u
atio
n
is
r
elate
d
in
d
etec
tin
g
d
ef
ec
ts
i
n
th
e
an
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
m
o
n
o
la
y
er
s
a
m
p
le
ir
r
ad
iated
b
y
a
f
la
s
h
la
m
p
d
u
e
to
ax
ial
t
h
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
a
n
d
r
ef
lectio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
W
e
tak
e
Fa
v
r
o
‟
s
m
o
d
el
in
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
s
in
ce
t
h
e
th
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
e
h
a
s
r
ef
lecte
d
an
d
r
ea
b
s
o
r
b
ed
r
ep
e
ated
l
y
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
ca
n
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
.
W
ith
o
u
t
d
ef
ec
t
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
,
an
d
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
b
ei
n
g
in
f
i
n
i
tel
y
t
h
i
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
r
ad
ial
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
is
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
(
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
i
n
m
etalli
c
la
y
er
o
r
an
y
h
i
g
h
d
if
f
u
s
iv
i
t
y
m
ater
ial
s
)
,
an
d
ax
i
al
th
er
m
a
l
w
av
e
i
s
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
(
t
h
ick
er
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
lo
w
er
th
er
m
a
l
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
la
y
er
)
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
co
n
v
er
g
in
g
t
h
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
e
ter
m
[
4
]
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
b
s
t
itu
ted
i
n
to
an
a
x
ial
eq
u
ati
o
n
[
8
]
as in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
:
(
)
√
∑
√
ex
p
[
√
(
⁄
)
ex
p
[
(
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
,
√
(
)
(
6
)
A
nd
,
(
)
(
⁄
)
(
7
)
√
√
⁄
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
:
a1
=
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
la
y
e
r
1
(
m
2
s
-
1
)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
S
en
s
itivity A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f S
imp
lifi
ed
Lo
w
C
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
g
in
g
Th
erma
l W
a
ve
Tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
Th
in
…
(
M.
S
.
Hu
s
in
)
161
a2
=
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
la
y
er
2
(
m
2
s
-
1
)
,
r
=
r
ad
iu
s
b
et
w
ee
n
r
in
g
an
d
d
etec
tio
n
p
o
in
t (
m
)
,
R
=
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
d
=
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
la
y
er
1
(
m
)
,
=
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
la
y
er
2
(
m
)
,
Q
=
en
er
g
y
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
ad
iatio
n
(
W
/
m
2
)
,
k
1
=
th
er
m
a
l c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
l
a
y
er
1
(
W
/m
K)
a
n
d
k
2
=
th
er
m
a
l c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
l
a
y
er
2
(
W
/m
K)
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
p
ar
t
is
s
u
b
s
tit
u
ted
in
E
q
u
at
io
n
(
5
)
in
th
e
las
t
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
ter
m
ta
k
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elatio
n
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
.
Par
a
m
eter
is
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
r
in
g
‟
s
w
id
t
h
.
W
e
h
av
e
s
et
th
at
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
is
eq
u
al
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
e
th
ick
n
e
s
s
(
d
)
o
f
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
lay
er
1
to
o
b
tain
an
ef
f
ic
ien
t
r
atio
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
h
ea
ti
n
g
ar
ea
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
w
o
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
4.
SE
NS
I
T
I
V
I
T
YA
NAL
YSI
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
it
y
an
al
y
s
is
,
d
u
e
to
n
o
n
-
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
in
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
w
e
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
it
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
c
h
an
g
e
s
b
y
5
%,
1
0
%
an
d
1
0
0
%
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
ea
ch
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
o
n
ce
at
a
ti
m
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
in
itial
v
a
lu
e
s
(
T
ab
le
1
)
.
T
h
e
in
itial
v
al
u
es
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
y
p
ical
d
ata
u
s
ed
i
n
p
r
ac
tical,
r
ec
r
u
ited
f
o
r
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
as
p
lo
tted
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
r
ee
s
er
ie
s
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
5
%,
1
0
%
an
d
1
0
0
%
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
am
et
er
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
iter
atio
n
n
u
m
b
er
m
=2
,
w
er
e
c
h
o
s
en
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
it
y
an
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Valu
es e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
a
n
al
y
s
is
P
a
r
a
m.
\
S
e
r
i
e
s
a1
10
-
4
m
2
s
-
1
R
10
-
2
m
a2
10
-
5
m
2
s
-
1
R
10
-
2
a
.
u
.
L
10
-
3
m
Q
10
-
3
W
/
m2
D
10
-
4
m
k1
W
/
mK
k2
W
/
mK
0%
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
1
.
0
0
2
.
0
2
.
0
1
.
0
0
3
.
0
0
1
.
6
0
1
.
0
0
2
5
0
1
0
0
5%
1
.
0
5
2
.
1
2
.
1
1
.
0
5
3
.
1
5
1
.
6
8
1
.
0
5
2
6
2
1
0
5
1
0
%
1
.
1
0
2
.
2
2
.
2
1
.
1
0
3
.
3
0
1
.
7
6
1
.
1
0
2
7
5
1
1
0
1
0
0
%
2
.
0
0
4
.
0
4
.
0
2
.
0
0
6
.
0
0
3
.
2
0
2
.
0
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
lo
t o
f
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
i
tial
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
(
w
it
h
i
ter
atio
n
n
u
m
b
er
m
=2
)
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
s
in
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
b
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
s
lid
er
o
f
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
Ma
th
e
m
atica
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
4
:
15
8
–
16
4
162
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
,
(
b
)
,
(
c
)
,
(
d
)
,
(
e
)
,
(
f
)
an
d
(
g
)
illu
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
5
%,
1
0
% a
n
d
1
0
0
%
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
v
al
u
e
to
th
e
co
r
r
elate
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
iter
atio
n
n
u
m
b
er
m
=2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
S
en
s
itivity A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f S
imp
lifi
ed
Lo
w
C
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
g
in
g
Th
erma
l W
a
ve
Tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
Th
in
…
(
M.
S
.
Hu
s
in
)
163
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Sen
s
i
tiv
i
t
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
p
lo
t
w
h
ic
h
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
F
ig
.
4
a,
4
b
,
4
c,
4
d
,
4
e,
4
f
,
an
d
4
g
.
P
ar
am
eter
k
1
an
d
k
2
ar
e
in
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
u
p
o
n
th
e
al
l
o
ca
ted
in
itial v
al
u
es
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
ca
lcu
lati
o
n
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
(
b
)
,
(
c)
,
(
d
)
,
(
e)
,
(
f
)
an
d
(
g
)
.
I
t
w
a
s
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
th
e
r
an
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
is
a
s
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
(
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
to
lo
w
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
o
r
d
er
)
r
,
a2
,
a1
,
l a
n
d
R
.
Q
h
as
n
o
t b
ee
n
m
en
t
io
n
ed
h
er
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
o
n
l
y
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
w
h
ich
is
n
o
t
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
er
m
a
l
co
n
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
f
k
1
an
d
k
2
ar
e
n
o
t
s
en
s
it
iv
e
(
d
u
m
m
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
)
as
th
e
y
ar
e
a
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
R
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
u
p
o
n
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
w
h
e
n
R
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
a
h
i
g
h
r
atio
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
to
1
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
k
1
o
r
k
2
ca
n
b
e
n
eg
lig
ib
le
b
y
s
elec
t
in
g
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
th
er
m
al
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
r
v
er
y
lo
w
t
h
er
m
a
l
co
n
d
u
c
tiv
it
y
b
y
th
e
r
atio
√
√
at
least
as a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
b
ec
o
m
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
an
d
th
er
m
all
y
t
h
in
(
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
d
i
s
1
0
0
m
icr
o
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ca
m
er
a
f
las
h
d
u
r
atio
n
~
1
0
m
s
)
ca
u
s
in
g
n
o
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
d
u
r
atio
n
w
a
s
n
o
t
s
h
o
r
t
en
o
u
g
h
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
h
ig
h
d
i
f
f
u
s
iv
i
t
y
m
ater
ial
s
(
s
u
c
h
as
m
etal)
m
ig
h
t
b
e
u
s
ed
,
th
i
ck
n
e
s
s
o
f
la
y
er
1
,
d
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tl
y
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
(
w
h
er
e
allo
ca
ted
v
al
u
es
o
f
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
‟
s
ac
t
u
all
y
i
m
itate
s
m
etalli
c
f
o
ils
p
r
o
p
er
ties
)
.
W
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at,
p
ar
am
eter
d
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
w
h
en
i
t
p
o
r
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
at
least
2
5
ti
m
es
lar
g
er
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
to
tal
r
ad
iu
s
,
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
)
,
w
h
ich
g
i
v
in
g
=
=0
.
0
4
b
y
tak
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
r
atio
=
0
.
0
4
is
r
ath
er
a
g
o
o
d
f
ac
to
r
to
k
ee
p
th
e
s
ize
i
n
th
e
s
e
m
i
-
in
f
i
n
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
th
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
ad
ial
th
er
m
al
w
av
e
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
r
ed
.
Fro
m
th
is
r
es
u
lt,
t
h
e
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
la
y
e
r
(
la
y
er
1
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
o
w
n
to
th
e
s
u
b
m
icr
o
n
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
b
y
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
s
h
o
r
ten
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
a
n
d
r
in
g
wid
th
b
y
p
u
l
s
ed
laser
an
d
a
x
ic
o
n
len
s
[
4
]
.
B
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
m
ad
e
th
e
ar
t
o
f
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ec
o
m
es
r
ea
lis
tic
a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l.
W
e
h
av
e
m
ad
e
th
e
r
estrictio
n
th
at
t
h
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
la
y
er
2
(
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate)
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
esp
ec
ted
to
th
e
P
ar
k
er
‟
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
[
1
]
(
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
0
.
5
-
2
m
m
)
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ax
ia
l th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
ad
eq
u
atel
y
b
ein
g
g
e
n
er
ated
in
a
b
ila
y
er
s
p
ec
i
m
en
.
Fro
m
th
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
ab
o
v
e,
t
h
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
es
u
lt
s
m
a
k
e
s
en
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
in
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
b
ila
y
er
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
.
T
h
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
(
d
)
o
f
lay
er
1
is
r
ath
er
n
o
t
s
en
s
iti
v
e,
ap
p
ar
en
tl
y
d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
o
r
d
er
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
t
h
is
la
y
er
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
er
m
al
l
y
t
h
i
n
w
h
e
n
,
w
h
ic
h
lead
th
er
m
al
w
a
v
e
d
o
m
in
a
ted
in
r
ad
ial.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
W
e
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
a
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
a
t
h
i
n
b
ila
y
e
r
s
p
ec
i
m
en
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
co
n
v
er
g
in
g
th
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
e
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
is
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
is
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
r
d
in
ar
y
lig
h
t
p
u
l
s
e
u
s
i
n
g
ca
m
er
a
f
la
s
h
as
th
e
o
p
tical
h
ea
t
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
th
er
m
o
co
u
p
le
a
s
th
e
d
et
ec
t
o
r
ca
n
b
e
alter
n
ativ
e
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
u
ltra
-
s
h
o
r
t
p
u
ls
ed
laser
a
n
d
in
f
r
ar
ed
d
etec
to
r
.
Un
d
er
th
is
th
eo
r
etica
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
i
m
p
le
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
an
d
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
f
i
tti
n
g
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
cu
r
v
e
u
p
o
n
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata,
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
ch
a
s
th
er
m
al
d
if
f
u
s
i
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
‟
s
la
y
er
.
A
t
h
i
n
la
y
er
(
la
y
er
1
)
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
r
tio
n
is
at
least
2
5
tim
es
la
r
g
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
to
tal
r
a
d
iu
s
,
,
an
d
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
r
atio
o
u
g
h
t
to
b
e
h
ig
h
er
o
r
at
lea
s
t
0
.
0
4
in
o
r
d
er
th
e
r
ad
ial
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
t
h
er
m
a
l
w
a
v
e
to
b
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
ef
f
ec
ted
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
,
w
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
t
h
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
la
y
er
(
la
y
er
1
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
o
w
n
to
t
h
e
s
u
b
m
i
cr
o
n
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
u
s
in
g
u
ltra
-
s
h
o
r
t p
u
ls
ed
lase
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
4
:
15
8
–
16
4
164
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
f
i
n
a
n
ciall
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
P
u
tr
aj
a
y
a,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
.
J.
P
a
rk
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
las
h
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
d
e
term
in
in
g
th
e
rm
a
l
d
iff
u
siv
it
y
,
h
e
a
t
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
rm
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,
”
J
.
Ap
p
l
.
P
h
y
s.
,
1
9
6
1
,
Vo
l.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
9
–
16
8
4
.
[2
]
L
.
Ke
h
o
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
las
e
r
f
las
h
d
iff
u
siv
it
y
m
e
th
o
d
to
t
h
in
h
ig
h
th
e
rm
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
m
a
teria
ls,
”
M
icr
o
sy
ste
m T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
1
9
9
8
,
Vo
l
.
5
,
N
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
18
-
21.
[3
]
P
.
Cielo
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
rm
a
l
d
iff
u
s
iv
it
y
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
-
th
e
r
m
a
l
-
w
a
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
Ca
n
.
J
.
P
h
y
s.
,
1
9
8
6
,
V
l
.
64
,
N
o
.
9,
p
p
.
1
1
7
2
-
1
1
7
7
.
[4
]
F
.
M
u
rp
h
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
e
x
trac
t
th
e
r
m
a
l
d
iff
u
siv
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
ra
d
ial
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
w
a
v
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
He
a
t
a
n
d
M
a
ss
T
ra
n
sfe
r
,
2
0
0
5
,
Vo
l.
4
8
,
No
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
5
-
4
0
2
.
[5
]
S
o
k
W
o
n
Kim
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
th
e
rm
a
l
d
iff
u
siv
it
y
b
y
p
a
r
a
m
e
ter
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
in
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
th
e
rm
a
l
-
wa
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
He
a
t
a
n
d
M
a
ss
T
ra
n
sfe
r
,
2
0
0
6
,
Vo
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
6
1
1
–
6
1
6
.
[6
]
M
.
S
.
Hu
si
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
im
p
li
f
ied
L
o
w
Co
st
Co
n
v
e
rg
in
g
T
h
e
rm
a
l
W
a
v
e
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
M
e
a
su
rin
g
T
h
e
rm
a
l
Diff
u
siv
it
y
o
f
T
h
in
F
o
i
ls
,”
IOS
R
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
38
-
46
.
[7
]
T
i
m
o
th
y
Ke
h
o
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
M
e
a
su
ri
n
g
th
e
T
h
e
rm
a
l
Dif
f
u
si
v
it
y
o
f
In
term
e
d
iate
T
h
ick
n
e
ss
S
u
rf
a
c
e
A
b
so
rb
in
g
S
a
m
p
les
a
n
d
Ob
tain
i
n
g
th
e
Ra
ti
o
o
f
A
n
iso
tro
p
y
b
y
th
e
Co
n
v
e
rg
in
g
W
a
v
e
F
las
h
M
e
th
o
d
,”
In
t
J
T
h
e
rm
o
p
h
y
s
.
,
2
0
0
9
,
Vo
l.
30
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
8
7
-
1
0
0
0
.
[8
]
L.
D.
F
a
v
ro
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
th
e
Re
so
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
P
u
lse
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
W
a
v
e
I
m
a
g
e
s
w
it
h
a
S
i
m
p
le
In
v
e
rse
S
c
a
tt
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
De
Ph
y
siq
u
e
IV
,
Co
ll
o
q
u
e
C
7
,
1
9
9
4
,
Vo
l
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
45
-
5
5
0
.
[9
]
D.
J.
Cro
w
th
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
in
v
e
r
se
sc
a
tt
e
rin
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
in
f
ra
re
d
th
e
rm
a
l
wa
v
e
i
m
a
g
e
s,
”
J
Ap
p
l.
Ph
y
s
.
1
9
9
3
,
V
ol
.
7
4
,
p
p
.
5
8
2
8
-
5
5
3
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.