I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
~
2
0
2
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
193
J
o
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l ho
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ttp
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ex
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p
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J
AAS
A Nov
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o
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m
pro
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Factor
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ell
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p
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201
7
In
s
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it
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rig
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C
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p
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P
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Dep
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ail: p
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P
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m
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T
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P
Q
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ar
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[
1
-
2
]
ca
n
b
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class
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in
to
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aj
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ty
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e.
g
.
,
5
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o
r
6
0
Hz)
[
3
-
4
]
.
T
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f
r
eq
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en
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ev
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Qu
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lab
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
19
3
–
20
2
194
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
a
cr
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lo
a
d
f
r
o
m
d
is
tu
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b
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s
o
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r
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[
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.
T
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is
tu
r
b
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ce
s
m
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y
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d
u
e
to
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n
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s
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g
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d
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etc.
T
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e
f
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eq
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en
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y
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ar
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n
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als
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e
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P
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s
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en
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An
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d
is
r
ea
lized
u
s
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
s
(
VS
C
s
)
.
I
t
i
n
j
ec
ts
th
r
ee
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ee
d
er
s
u
c
h
th
at
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
is
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
r
eg
u
la
ted
at
s
y
s
te
m
n
o
m
i
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
t
h
e
DVR
is
o
p
er
ated
in
s
u
c
h
a
f
ash
io
n
th
at
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
an
y
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
tead
y
-
s
ta
te
o
p
er
atio
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
c
lin
k
o
f
t
h
e
V
SC
s
is
s
u
p
p
lied
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
/ d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
DV
R
to
r
eg
u
late
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
a
cr
itica
l
lo
ad
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
d
c
lin
k
.
I
n
c
ase
o
f
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
m
is
m
atc
h
,
t
h
e
to
tal
r
ea
l
p
o
w
e
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
h
as
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
D
VR
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
is
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
d
c
lin
k
o
f
t
h
e
DVR
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ee
d
er
its
el
f
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
DVR
s
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ee
d
er
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
co
m
m
o
n
d
c
li
n
k
e
n
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
ag
e.
On
e
DVR
ca
n
r
elo
ad
en
er
g
y
to
t
h
e
d
c
l
in
k
to
m
a
in
ta
in
t
h
e
d
c
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lev
e
l
w
h
i
le
o
th
er
DVR ca
r
r
ies o
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
l
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
s
a
g
s
.
Dis
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
in
d
u
cti
v
e
at
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
aili
n
g
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
s
(
e.
g
.
,
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
)
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
f
ac
t
o
r
(
DF)
an
d
p
lace
s
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
L
o
w
D
F
o
p
er
atio
n
is
n
o
t
s
u
g
g
ested
d
u
e
to
s
ev
er
al
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
clu
d
in
g
:
1
)
h
ig
h
er
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
to
tal
co
p
p
e
r
lo
s
s
(
i.e
.
,
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
icien
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
;
2
)
lo
w
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
;
3
)
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
i
s
s
u
es a
n
d
r
is
in
g
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
y
co
s
t
s
.
Sev
er
al
p
r
ac
tical
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
DF
[
6
]
.
DF
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
w
it
h
s
ize
a
n
d
lo
ca
tio
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
c
atio
n
a
n
d
s
ize
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
to
b
e
p
lace
d
in
r
ad
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
f
ee
d
er
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
eir
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
i
le
an
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
[
8
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ee
d
er
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
n
ce
p
t
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
lo
s
s
.
I
n
a
co
m
b
in
ed
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
o
n
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
o
t o
n
l
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
D
F b
u
t a
ls
o
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
.
A
ST
A
T
C
OM
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
DF
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t.
S
u
itab
le
m
o
d
i
f
icati
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
an
d
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es
f
ac
ilit
ate
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ac
tiv
e
as
w
ell
a
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
an
d
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Su
c
h
a
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
allo
ws
th
e
d
ev
ice
to
ab
s
o
r
b
o
r
g
en
er
ate
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
c
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
.
A
ST
A
T
C
OM
h
a
s
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
f
as
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
lo
w
-
s
p
ac
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
i
n
s
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
it
i
s
r
ap
id
l
y
r
ep
laci
n
g
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
al
n
atu
r
all
y
co
m
m
u
ta
ted
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
an
d
s
tatic
V
AR
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
f
o
r
DF
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
in
n
atu
r
e.
I
n
s
ti
n
cti
v
el
y
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
S
T
A
T
C
OM
’
s
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
e
d
c
-
l
in
k
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
(
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices)
.
T
h
e
DVR
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectin
g
cr
itica
l
lo
ad
ag
ain
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
s
[
1
0
]
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
DVR i
s
a
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
i
ce
u
s
ed
to
i
n
j
ec
t t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
es i
n
s
er
ies a
n
d
in
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
s
m
w
it
h
th
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
f
ee
d
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it c
an
b
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
u
s
ed
to
a
u
g
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
r
id
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
in
w
i
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
D
etec
tio
n
t
i
m
e
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
in
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esti
tu
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fa
s
t d
etec
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l sch
e
m
es
f
o
r
a
DVR
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
(
SVM)
is
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
a
DVR
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
le
d
i
g
it
al
r
ea
liz
atio
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
d
c
-
lin
k
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
I
n
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
i
n
j
ec
tin
g
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
/o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
to
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ee
d
er
.
A
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
DV
R
is
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ele
m
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
en
g
a
g
ed
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Se
v
er
al
co
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
p
r
esag
,
in
-
p
h
ase,
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
al
en
er
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es [
1
2
]
.
2.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
f
ee
d
er
(
s
)
,
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
d
e
v
ice
i
s
tec
h
n
icall
y
ca
lled
a
n
in
ter
l
in
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
er
(
I
DVR)
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
b
eh
in
d
th
e
I
D
VR
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
lin
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
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9
9
[
1
4
]
to
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an
d
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ee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
A
N
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l A
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a
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ab
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d
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t
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ld
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at
th
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as
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d
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ib
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et
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ag
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ter
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m
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ti
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p
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t f
ee
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er
s
as s
h
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w
n
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g
u
r
e
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u
r
e
1
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Sin
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le
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in
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Dia
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r
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m
is
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S
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te
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u
r
e
2
.
Sin
g
le
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in
e
Dia
g
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a
m
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f
Mu
ltil
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e
I
DV
R
in
th
e
D
is
tr
ib
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tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
T
ab
le
1
.
Salien
t Fea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
th
e
I
P
FC
,
I
DVR an
d
I
VDFC
E
ac
h
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
in
e
ith
er
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
(
P
C
)
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
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n
tr
o
l
(
V
C
)
m
o
d
es.
I
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ee
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er
s
is
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
,
its
co
n
v
er
ter
w
ill
o
p
er
ate
in
V
C
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
eq
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ir
ed
p
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er
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r
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
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atio
n
w
ill
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e
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s
o
r
b
ed
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m
th
e
d
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lin
k
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I
n
t
h
is
s
ta
te,
th
e
o
th
er
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n
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ter
s
co
n
n
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ted
to
th
e
h
ea
lt
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y
f
ee
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s
s
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ld
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d
e
to
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ep
len
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h
t
h
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d
c
-
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k
v
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g
e;
a
p
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s
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e
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ce
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f
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ch
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th
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f
ee
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er
is
p
r
es
en
ted
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
a
h
ea
lth
y
f
ee
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er
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r
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m
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ld
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e
n
t
s
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ir
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n
t
is
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ase
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ich
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it
to
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n
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n
t
is
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n
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ad
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r
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is
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s
ed
to
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o
id
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a
g
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it
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d
e
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r
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atio
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s
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ter
v
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ltag
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n
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ec
tio
n
.
Dra
w
ba
ck
s
o
f
t
he
Co
nv
ent
io
na
l
m
et
ho
d a
re
:
1)
S
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
2)
T
o
tal
C
o
p
p
er
lo
s
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
3)
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
is
s
u
es a
n
d
4)
R
is
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
y
co
s
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
19
3
–
20
2
196
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
Du
r
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
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itio
n
s
(
i.e
.
,
all
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ee
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er
s
ar
e
h
e
alth
y
)
,
t
h
e
DV
R
s
ar
e
t
y
p
icall
y
b
y
p
ass
ed
v
ia
b
y
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as
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s
w
i
tch
e
s
,
o
r
th
e
y
c
an
b
e
alter
n
ati
v
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
lo
ad
s
h
ar
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
b
y
p
as
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
I
DVR
i
n
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
e
w
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e,
n
a
m
e
l
y
P
Q
s
h
ar
i
n
g
m
o
d
e,
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
DF o
f
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
f
ee
d
er
s
b
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
ac
t
iv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
f
ee
d
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
in
g
s
tag
e
(
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
d
c
lin
k
)
.
T
o
ap
p
ly
t
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t,
s
ev
er
al
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
ter
lin
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
in
g
a
n
d
DF
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
d
ev
ice
(
I
VDFC
)
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
.
Si
m
i
lar
to
th
e
I
DVR,
th
e
t
w
o
-
li
n
e
I
VDF
C
s
i
m
p
l
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
w
i
th
a
co
m
m
o
n
d
c
li
n
k
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fo
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
s
,
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
P
ex
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
ee
d
er
s
(
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
in
g
f
ee
d
er
)
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
i
n
ea
ch
f
ee
d
er
b
y
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
p
er
tu
r
b
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
b
o
th
f
ee
d
er
s
; t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
b
o
th
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
er
P
C
m
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
in
cip
le
o
f
I
VDFC
S
y
s
te
m
Op
er
atio
n
Du
r
i
n
g
No
r
m
al
C
o
n
d
itio
n
s
(
P
Q
Sh
ar
in
g
Mo
d
e
)
3
.
1
.
So
urcing
F
ee
der
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
f
ee
d
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
in
to
t
h
e
d
c
li
n
k
v
ia
in
j
ec
tin
g
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
o
ltag
e
(
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase)
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
er
ies
co
u
p
led
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
allo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
ex
ch
a
n
g
e.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
em
u
late
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
in
j
ec
tio
n
o
n
th
e
f
ee
d
er
DF,
th
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
is
e
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
a
s
er
ies
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
[
1
7
]
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esis
ti
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
is
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
ab
s
o
r
b
s
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
(
P
ex
)
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
e,
w
h
ile
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
co
n
s
tan
t
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e.
Af
ter
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
’
s
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
h
i
l
e
its
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
in
j
ec
ted
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
h
en
ce
,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
ev
en
t
u
all
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
So
u
r
cin
g
Feed
er
: (
a)
P
er
-
P
h
ase
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t C
ir
cu
it
w
it
h
Vir
t
u
al
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
I
n
j
ec
tio
n
an
d
(
b
)
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
P
h
aso
r
Diag
r
a
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
A
N
o
ve
l A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f I
mp
r
o
vin
g
Dis
p
la
ce
men
t F
a
cto
r
u
s
in
g
I
V
DF
C
in
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
S
ystems
(
M.P
a
d
ma
r
a
s
a
n
)
197
Ass
u
m
in
g
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
f
e
ed
er
;
th
e
p
er
-
p
h
ase
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
w
it
h
s
er
ies
v
ir
t
u
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
a
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
Fo
r
a
g
iv
e
n
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
P
ex
(
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
c
lin
k
)
,
t
h
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
i
s
P
L1
=
3
I
1
V
1
DF
L1
=
3
I
1
V
1
c
o
s
ϕ
1
(
1
)
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
lied
p
o
w
er
is
P
s1
=
P
L1
+
P
ex
=
3
I
1
V
1
co
s
(
ϕ
1
−
β
1
)
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
P
ex
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
p
u
m
p
ed
in
to
th
e
d
c
lin
k
.
Fro
m
(
2
)
,
th
e
an
g
le
β1
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
β
1
=
ϕ
1
–
co
s
-
1
(
(
P
L1
+
P
ex
)
/3
I
1
V
1
)
(
3
)
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
allo
w
ab
le
P
ex
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
u
n
it
y
i
n
p
u
t
DF.
Fo
r
a
g
iv
en
lo
ad
DF,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
P
ex
is
P
ex
ma
x
=
3
I
1
V
1
(
1
−
DF
L1
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
i
n
j
ec
ted
r
esis
tan
ce
r
1
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
,
is
r
1
=
P
ex/
3
I
12
(
5
)
Fro
m
th
e
p
h
a
s
o
r
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
i
n
j
ec
ted
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
x
1
is
x
1
=
r
1
ta
n
(
−
ϕ
1
+ (
π
+
β
1
)
/2
)
(
6
)
Fo
r
an
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
esire
d
ex
ch
an
g
ed
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
(
P
ex
)
an
d
lo
ad
-
s
id
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
(
I
1
,
V1
,
an
d
DFL
1
)
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
in
j
ec
ts
th
i
s
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
d
c
lin
k
w
ith
o
u
t
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
b
y
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
a
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
2
V1
s
in
(
β1
/2
)
.
T
h
is
v
o
lta
g
e
’
s
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
la
g
s
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
b
y
(
π
−
β1
)
/2
,
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
3
.
2
.
Rec
eiv
ing
F
ee
der
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ted
p
o
w
e
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
v
ia
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
;
h
e
n
ce
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
a
p
o
w
er
co
m
m
an
d
o
f
−P
ex
.
T
h
e
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e
is
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
i
n
j
ec
tin
g
a
v
ir
tu
al
n
e
g
ati
v
e
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
−r
2
in
s
er
ie
s
w
it
h
a
n
in
d
u
cti
v
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
x
2
,
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
Fro
m
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
c
u
it a
n
d
th
e
p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
,
th
e
an
g
l
e
β2
is
β
2
=
−
ϕ
2
+
co
s
−
1
((
P
L
2
–
P
ex
)/
3
I
2
V
2
)
…
(
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
ec
eiv
i
n
g
Feed
er
:
(
a)
P
er
-
p
h
ase
C
ir
cu
it
w
ith
Vir
tu
al
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
I
n
j
ec
tio
n
an
d
(
B
)
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
P
h
aso
r
Diag
r
a
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
19
3
–
20
2
198
T
o
a
b
s
o
r
b
th
is
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e,
th
e
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
a
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
2
V
2
s
i
n
(
β
2
/
2
)
,
an
d
i
t
s
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
lead
s
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
l
e
b
y
(
π
−
β
2
)
/
2
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
t
h
n
o
ti
n
g
th
a
t
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
’
s
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
h
ile
its
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
cta
n
ce
,
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
r
e
ce
iv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
ev
en
t
u
all
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
o
a
b
s
o
r
b
th
is
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e,
th
e
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
a
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
2
V
2
s
i
n
(
β
2
/
2
)
,
an
d
i
t
s
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
lead
s
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
l
e
b
y
(
π
−
β
2
)
/
2
.
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
n
o
ti
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
’
s
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
w
h
il
e
its
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
cta
n
ce
,
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
r
e
ce
iv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
ev
en
t
u
all
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
3
.
3
.
P
Q
Sh
a
ring
M
o
de
f
o
r
DF
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
ent
During
No
r
m
a
l
O
pera
t
io
n
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
th
is
s
u
b
s
ec
t
io
n
w
il
l
b
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
u
s
i
n
g
a
t
w
o
-
l
in
e
I
VD
FC
,
w
h
er
e
f
ee
d
er
1
is
f
ee
d
in
g
a
lo
ad
w
it
h
a
lo
w
la
g
g
in
g
DF
D
F
L
1
,
w
h
ile
f
ee
d
er
2
is
f
ee
d
in
g
a
lo
ad
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
la
g
g
i
n
g
DF
DF
L
2
.
Si
n
ce
f
ee
d
er
1
DF
is
lo
w
er
t
h
an
f
ee
d
er
2
DF,
it
w
ill
b
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
,
w
h
i
le
f
ee
d
er
2
w
ill
b
e
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
f
ee
d
er
.
W
h
e
n
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
Q
s
h
ar
in
g
m
o
d
e,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
w
ill
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
.
A
s
a
g
en
er
al
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
,
t
h
e
n
e
w
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
a
ce
r
tai
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
li
m
it
DF
a
i
m
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
ti
lit
y
co
m
p
an
y
to
av
o
id
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
ee
s
.
A
t
y
p
ical
li
m
it
o
f
0
.
9
5
is
u
s
u
all
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
i
s
u
s
ed
to
e
x
p
lai
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
h
ar
in
g
m
o
d
e.
W
ith
P
Q
s
h
ar
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
d
is
ab
l
ed
,
th
e
DF
at
t
h
e
P
C
C
f
o
r
ea
c
h
f
ee
d
er
is
eq
u
a
l
it
s
lo
ad
DF.
I
f
a
ce
r
tai
n
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
P
ex
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
f
ee
d
er
1
to
f
e
ed
er
2
,
s
u
ch
th
at
it
s
DF
r
ea
ch
e
s
a
ce
r
tain
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
D
F
d
,
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
a)
,
th
e
DF o
f
f
ee
d
er
2
w
ill
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
as d
e
p
icted
b
y
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
f
f
ec
t o
f
P
Q
Sh
ar
in
g
Mo
d
e
o
n
(
a)
Feed
e
r
1
an
d
(
b
)
Feed
er
2
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
to
DF
d
,
if
an
d
o
n
l
y
i
f
,
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
P
ex
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
i
s
le
s
s
t
h
an
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
p
o
w
er
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
’
s
D
F
to
th
e
ac
ce
p
ted
D
F
li
m
it
DF
a
.
I
f
t
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
i
s
n
o
t
s
ati
s
f
ied
,
t
h
e
D
F
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
w
ill
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
,
b
u
t
it
w
ill
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
d
esire
d
le
v
el,
a
n
d
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
D
F
w
il
l
b
e
li
m
ited
to
it
s
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lev
el.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
(
P
ex
)
d
u
r
in
g
P
Q
s
h
ar
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
is
P
ex
=
min
[
3
I
1
V
1
(
DF
d
− D
F
L1
)
,
3
I
2
V
2
(
DF
L2
− D
F
a
)
]
(
8
)
T
h
is
r
u
le
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
t
w
o
ter
m
s
;
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
n
ee
d
ed
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
s
u
p
p
lied
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
its
DF
to
a
d
esire
d
lev
el
DF
d
,
w
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
g
iv
e
s
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
d
ec
r
e
m
en
t
in
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
f
ee
d
er
s
u
p
p
lied
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
its
D
F
to
th
e
ac
ce
p
ted
v
alu
e
DFa
.
I
f
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
’
s
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
,
a
s
lig
h
t
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
its
D
F
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
o
u
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
er
DF
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
t
h
e
DF
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
w
ill
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
ts
i
n
t
h
e
u
p
-
s
tr
ea
m
b
r
an
c
h
e
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
,
i.e
.
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
g
r
id
lo
s
s
es.
I
t
h
as
to
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at,
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
DF
i
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase
an
g
le
s
ass
u
m
in
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
lt
-
a
m
p
er
e
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
P
Q
s
h
ar
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
w
i
ll
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
lo
s
s
es
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
es
ar
e
k
ep
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
b
u
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
lo
s
s
e
s
w
ill
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
f
ee
d
er
lo
s
s
es
to
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
to
tal
l
o
s
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
f
r
o
m
p
o
in
ts
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
l
in
g
to
lo
ad
f
ee
d
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
A
N
o
ve
l A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f I
mp
r
o
vin
g
Dis
p
la
ce
men
t F
a
cto
r
u
s
in
g
I
V
DF
C
in
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
S
ystems
(
M.P
a
d
ma
r
a
s
a
n
)
199
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
a
t
w
o
-
l
in
e
I
V
DFC
(
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
ar
e
in
v
o
l
v
ed
,
n
a
m
el
y
,
f
ee
d
er
x
an
d
f
ee
d
er
y
)
,
w
h
ich
is
ab
le
to
m
a
n
ag
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
c
-
li
n
k
i
n
n
o
r
m
al
as
w
ell
a
s
ab
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
s
a
g
e
n
er
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
/
s
w
ell
a
n
d
DF
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
m
er
g
ed
i
n
to
o
n
e
co
n
tr
o
l c
ir
cu
i
t.
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
ea
ch
co
n
v
er
ter
m
a
y
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
to
o
n
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
p
o
s
s
ib
le
m
o
d
e
s
(
o
f
f
m
o
d
e,
VC
m
o
d
e,
P
C
m
o
d
e,
o
r
P
Q
m
o
d
e)
.
T
h
e
P
C
C
v
o
lta
g
es
ar
e
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
a
lo
g
ic
u
n
it
th
at
i
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
w
i
ll
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
ar
e
h
an
d
led
in
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
A
s
et
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ca
n
b
e
en
v
i
s
io
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
ca
s
es
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
I
I
an
d
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ec
t
io
n
s
(
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
h
y
p
h
e
n
ated
co
n
d
itio
n
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
s
tate
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
s
to
th
e
lef
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
p
h
en
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
f
ee
d
er
to
th
e
r
ig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
p
h
e
n
)
.
Fo
r
all
o
th
er
ca
s
es,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
il
l b
e
s
w
itch
ed
to
th
e
o
f
f
p
o
s
itio
n
.
A.
No
r
m
a
l
–
No
r
m
al
(
P
Q
Sh
ar
in
g
Mo
d
e
is
Dis
ab
led
)
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
lo
g
ic
u
n
it
s
el
e
cts th
e
o
f
f
p
o
s
itio
n
s
(
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
)
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
B.
No
r
m
a
l
–
No
r
m
al
(
P
Q
Sh
ar
in
g
Mo
d
e
is
E
n
ab
led
)
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
u
n
it
s
el
ec
ts
th
e
P
Q
p
o
s
itio
n
s
(
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
)
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
f
te
r
v
er
if
y
i
n
g
al
l
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
t
h
at
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
t
h
is
m
o
d
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
DF
s
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
v
o
l
v
ed
f
ee
d
er
s
(
DF
L
x
an
d
DF
Ly
)
,
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
w
il
l
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
er
w
it
h
a
lo
w
er
lo
ad
DF
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
f
ee
d
er
w
it
h
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
r
e
f
er
en
ce
,
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
f
ee
d
er
w
ill
b
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
f
ee
d
er
w
it
h
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
h
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
D
Fs
,
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
s
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
tan
t
d
c
-
li
n
k
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
P
Q
s
h
ar
in
g
m
o
d
e,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
d
c
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
Δ
P
(
w
h
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
d
c
lin
k
)
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
at,
t
h
e
t
wo
DFs
(
D
F
Lx
,
a
n
d
DF
Ly
)
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
ec
id
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ci
n
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
u
s
ed
to
ad
d
Δ
P
to
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
i
n
g
f
ee
d
er
o
n
l
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7.
T
ab
le
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
C
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
19
3
–
20
2
200
C.
No
r
m
a
l
–
Vo
ltag
e
Sa
g
I
f
o
n
e
f
ee
d
er
ex
h
ib
its
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
u
n
it
h
as to
s
w
itc
h
its
s
er
ies co
n
v
er
ter
to
V
C
p
o
s
itio
n
(
s
e
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
)
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
r
esto
r
atio
n
w
ill
b
e
ab
s
o
r
b
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
c
lin
k
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
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ll b
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o
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itio
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ee
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u
r
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ep
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c
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h
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li
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r
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it
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ies
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n
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ter
to
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e
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C
p
o
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itio
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u
r
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)
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ter
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u
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u
r
e
1
1
.
Gate
P
u
ls
es o
f
I
VD
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
AA
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N:
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8814
A
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NCLU
SI
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ain
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w
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n
b
e
s
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m
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as f
o
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w
s
:
a.
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d
er
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Q
s
h
ar
in
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m
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e,
th
e
in
j
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ted
v
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in
a
n
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ee
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o
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f
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t
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r
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en
t
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Fs
o
f
b
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o
u
r
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g
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ee
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er
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.
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h
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es.
b.
W
h
en
ap
p
l
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e
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co
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ce
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t,
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n
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tr
ai
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ts
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ld
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e
s
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ied
to
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ai
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g
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s
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m
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s
ed
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t
h
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tili
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m
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s
.
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h
ese
o
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n
s
tr
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t
s
h
a
v
e
b
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id
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ti
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d
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n
s
id
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ed
.
c.
T
h
e
p
r
o
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s
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m
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d
e
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h
i
g
h
l
y
b
en
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icia
l
if
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h
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ac
ti
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p
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th
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er
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a
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th
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er
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n
th
is
c
ase,
th
e
DF
o
f
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s
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f
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er
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a
v
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n
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tab
le
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p
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t
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in
D
F
o
f
th
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f
ee
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er
.
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h
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co
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ce
p
t
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b
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s
u
p
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ted
w
it
h
s
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m
u
lat
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d
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x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rd
P
1
1
5
9
.
1
-
1
9
9
5
,
“
G
u
id
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d
a
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c
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n
ts,
”
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E,
Pi
sc
a
t
a
wa
y
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NJ
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
9
5
.
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]
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6
1
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0
-
2
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1
,
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e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
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p
a
ti
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C)
−
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a
rt
2
:
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v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t−
S
e
c
ti
o
n
1
:
De
sc
rip
ti
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n
o
f
th
e
e
n
v
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n
m
e
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t
–
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m
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s,
1
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9
0
.
[3
]
R.
C.
Du
g
a
n
,
M
.
F
.
M
c
G
ra
n
a
g
h
a
n
,
S
.
S
a
n
t
o
so
a
n
d
H.
W
.
Be
a
t
y
,
“
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Qu
a
li
ty
,
”
2
n
d
E
d
it
i
o
n
,
M
c
G
ra
w
Hill
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
]
A
.
G
h
o
sh
a
n
d
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.
L
e
d
w
ich
,
Po
we
r Qu
a
li
ty E
n
h
a
n
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e
me
n
t
Us
in
g
Cu
sto
m P
o
we
r De
v
ice
s
,
No
rwe
ll
,
M
A
:
Klu
w
e
r,
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
A
.
G
h
o
sh
,
A
.
K.
Jin
d
a
l
a
n
d
A
.
Jo
sh
i,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
-
S
u
p
p
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rted
Dy
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a
m
ic
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o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r
(DV
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f
o
r
Un
b
a
lan
c
e
d
a
n
d
Disto
rted
L
o
a
d
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
V
o
l.
1
9
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
0
5
-
4
1
3
,
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n
u
a
r
y
2
0
0
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
2
5
2
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8814
IJ
AA
S
Vo
l.
6
,
No
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3
,
Sep
tem
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er
201
7
:
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3
–
20
2
202
[6
]
S
.
A
.
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re
sh
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a
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d
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sla
m
,
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ff
icie
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t
p
o
w
e
r
fa
c
to
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
tec
h
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iq
u
e
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n
d
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n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
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n
o
f
p
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w
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r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
In
t.
Co
n
f.
En
e
rg
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
Po
we
r De
l.
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
9
–
7
5
2
,
No
v
.
2
1
–
2
3
,
1
9
9
5
.
[7
]
J.
J.
G
ra
in
g
e
r
a
n
d
S
.
H.
L
e
e
,
“
Op
ti
m
u
m
si
z
e
a
n
d
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
sh
u
n
t
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
f
o
r
r
e
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
l
o
ss
e
s
o
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
f
e
e
d
e
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
Ap
p
.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
P
A
S
-
1
0
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
5
–
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1
1
8
,
M
a
r.
1
9
8
1
.
[8
]
S
.
M
.
Ka
n
n
a
n
,
P
.
Re
n
u
g
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
R.
G
ra
c
e
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ica
n
d
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
o
f
ra
d
ial
d
ist
rib
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,”
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
S
y
st.,
6
-
3
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
7
–
4
2
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
R.
S
.
Ke
m
e
re
r
a
n
d
L
.
E.
Be
rk
e
b
il
e
,
“
Dire
c
tl
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
sta
ti
c
V
A
R
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
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o
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i
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
6
–
1
8
2
,
Ja
n
.
/F
e
b
.
1
9
9
9
.
[1
0
]
C.
W
e
ss
e
ls,
F
.
G
e
b
h
a
rd
t,
a
n
d
F
.
W
.
F
u
c
h
s,
“
F
a
u
lt
ri
d
e
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
f
a
DFI
G
w
in
d
tu
rb
in
e
u
si
n
g
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
d
u
ri
n
g
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
a
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
g
rid
fa
u
lt
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tr.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
0
7
–
8
1
5
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Y.
G
o
h
a
rrizi,
S
.
H.
Ho
ss
e
in
i,
M
.
S
a
b
a
h
i,
a
n
d
G
.
B.
G
h
a
r
e
h
p
e
ti
a
n
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
HFL
-
DV
R
w
it
h
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
tl
y
co
n
tro
ll
e
d
p
h
a
se
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r E
lec
tr.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
6
–
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7
1
8
,
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p
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2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
A
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
P
.
En
jeti,
a
n
d
B.
W
.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
t
y
p
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
d
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
8
–
2
4
1
0
,
J
u
l.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
D.
M
a
h
in
d
a
,
H.
M
.
W
ij
e
k
o
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
C
h
o
i,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
te
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s
in
m
u
lt
i
-
li
n
e
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
-
th
e
in
terlin
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
I
n
d
.
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
3
–
1
6
1
1
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
L
.
Gy
u
g
y
i,
K.
K.
S
e
n
,
a
n
d
C
.
D.
S
c
h
a
u
d
e
r,
“
T
h
e
i
n
terlin
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
c
o
n
c
e
p
t:
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
tran
sm
issio
n
sy
ste
m
s,”,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
De
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
5
–
1
1
2
3
,
Ju
l
.
1
9
9
9
.
[1
5
]
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
-
li
n
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
r
e
sto
re
r
in
m
u
lt
i
f
e
e
d
e
r
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
in
P
ro
c
.
(
M
EP
CON’1
0
)
,
De
c
.
1
9
–
2
1
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
2
8
3
.
[1
6
]
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
M
a
s
so
u
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
f
e
e
d
e
r
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
re
g
u
lato
r:
L
o
a
d
sh
a
rin
g
m
o
d
e
,
”
W
o
rld
Aca
d
.
S
c
i.
,
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
–
1
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
7
]
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
-
li
n
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
r
e
sto
re
r
in
m
u
lt
i
f
e
e
d
e
r
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
in
P
ro
c
.
(
M
EP
CON’1
0
)
,
De
c
.
1
9
–
2
1
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
2
8
3
.
[1
8
]
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
A
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
-
li
n
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
w
it
h
v
irt
u
a
l
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
in
jec
ti
o
n
,
”
in
Pro
c
.
Co
n
f.
IECON
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
5
–
1
9
8
0
.
[1
9
]
A
.
Ke
a
n
e
a
n
d
M
.
O’Malley
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r S
y
st.
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
0
–
1
6
4
6
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
5
.
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