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e
v
al
u
a
tio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l.
W
ith
a
w
id
el
y
ac
ce
p
ted
p
r
o
to
co
l,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
e
v
al
u
at
e
th
e
m
at
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
s
tate
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
ar
t
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
i.e
.
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
ac
h
iev
ed
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
elec
tiv
i
t
y
r
ates.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
p
ted
s
tr
ict
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
b
io
m
etr
ic
a
u
t
h
en
t
icatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
FERET
an
d
B
A
N
C
A
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
f
ac
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
[
1
6
,
2
]
,
h
av
e
e
n
ab
led
th
e
r
a
p
id
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
t
h
at
f
ield
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
ec
ted
in
m
ed
ical
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
r
elate
d
to
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
to
r
ep
o
r
t
a
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
d
atab
ase,
co
n
tain
i
n
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
t
h
co
llected
f
r
o
m
s
e
v
er
al
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
a
s
tr
ict
ev
al
u
atio
n
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
o
f
C
B
R
I
R
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
m
ea
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
eliab
le
ev
al
u
at
i
o
n
o
f
au
to
m
at
ic
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
.
2.
DIAB
E
T
I
C
R
E
T
I
NO
P
AT
H
Y
I
n
th
e
q
u
alit
y
1
d
iab
etes,
t
h
e
i
n
s
u
li
n
co
n
ce
p
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
an
cr
ea
s
is
p
er
p
etu
all
y
d
a
m
a
g
ed
,
w
h
er
ea
s
in
th
e
q
u
alit
y
2
d
iab
etes,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
an
i
m
al
is
ab
y
s
s
f
r
o
m
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
to
in
s
u
l
in
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
o
r
2
d
iab
etes
is
a
b
o
r
n
w
ith
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
,
f
o
r
all
th
at
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
d
ea
r
to
g
r
an
ted
o
n
ce
r
tain
ter
m
s
p
h
y
s
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
iab
et
es
co
m
m
i
t
ca
s
e
ab
n
o
r
m
aliti
es
in
th
e
r
eti
n
a
(
d
iab
etic
r
e
tin
o
p
ath
y
)
,
k
id
n
e
y
s
(
d
iab
etic
n
ef
r
o
p
ath
y
)
,
an
d
f
r
a
n
tic
s
y
s
te
m
(
d
iab
etic
n
eu
r
o
p
ath
y
)
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
iab
etes
is
b
e
s
i
d
es
a
m
aj
o
r
s
p
in
o
f
th
e
r
o
u
lette
w
h
ee
l
f
ac
to
r
in
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
d
is
ea
s
es [
1
4
}]
.
T
h
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
i
s
a
m
icr
o
v
a
s
cu
lar
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
d
iab
etes,
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
in
t
h
e
r
eti
n
a,
an
d
in
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
s
it
u
atio
n
,
b
li
n
d
n
es
s
.
T
y
p
icall
y
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
i
n
f
l
u
en
t
ial
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
in
th
e
s
p
ee
d
il
y
s
ta
g
es
o
f
d
ia
b
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
,
n
o
t
w
ith
s
ta
n
d
in
g
th
e
zip
co
d
e
an
d
m
aj
est
y
p
r
ed
o
m
in
a
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
en
d
to
th
e
o
th
er
th
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
o
r
i
g
in
al
l
y
b
eg
in
s
as
t
h
ick
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
t
h
e
r
etin
al
ca
p
illar
ies.
T
h
e
s
o
o
n
er
d
etec
tab
le
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
ar
e
m
ir
cr
o
an
eu
r
y
s
m
s
(
Ma
)
(
Fig
u
r
e
.
1
(
a)
)
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
cr
af
t
u
n
io
n
d
is
ten
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
etin
al
ca
p
il
lar
y
a
n
d
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
in
tr
ar
eti
n
al
h
e
m
o
r
r
h
ag
e
(
H)
(
Fig
u
r
e
.
1
(
b
)
)
w
h
e
n
r
u
p
t
u
r
ed
.
T
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
p
u
r
it
y
is
w
it
h
a
lid
o
n
a
s
s
u
b
d
u
ed
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
lif
er
ati
v
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
o
o
n
er
ap
p
ar
en
t
m
icr
o
an
e
u
r
y
s
m
s
ac
q
u
ir
e
i
n
t
h
e
r
eti
n
a
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
an
ticip
ate,
t
h
e
r
eti
n
al
ed
e
m
a
a
n
d
in
t
i
m
a
tel
y
ex
u
d
ate
s
(
He)
(
Fig
u
r
e
.
1
(
c)
)
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
in
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ca
p
illar
y
w
a
lls
.
T
h
e
j
o
in
tl
y
ex
u
d
ates
ar
e
lip
id
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
lea
k
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
w
ea
k
en
ed
f
le
s
h
v
es
s
els.
T
h
i
s
s
ta
tu
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
is
ca
lled
clea
r
th
e
w
a
y
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
lif
er
ati
v
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
[
2
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
if
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
n
e
r
f
li
g
h
t
o
f
i
m
ag
i
n
atio
n
ar
e
a
(
m
ac
u
la)
,
it
is
ca
lled
d
iab
eti
c
m
ac
u
lo
p
ath
y
[
2
1
]
.
As
t
h
e
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
,
th
e
ties
o
f
b
lo
o
d
b
r
o
th
er
v
e
s
s
els
ad
d
o
b
s
tr
u
c
ted
w
h
ich
w
h
y
s
a
n
d
w
h
er
e
f
o
r
es
m
icr
o
in
f
ar
cts
in
t
h
e
r
eti
n
a.
T
h
ese
m
icr
o
i
n
f
ar
ct
s
ar
e
ca
lled
p
ea
ce
f
u
l
ex
u
d
ates
(
Se)
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
1
(
d
)
)
.
W
h
en
a
g
er
m
a
n
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
i
n
tr
ar
etin
al
h
e
m
o
r
r
h
ag
e
s
,
s
ile
n
t
e
x
u
d
ates,
o
r
in
tr
ar
etin
al
m
icr
o
v
asc
u
la
r
ab
n
o
r
m
a
liti
es
ar
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
,
th
e
s
tat
u
s
o
f
th
e
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
i
s
m
o
s
t
zo
n
ed
as
to
u
g
h
n
o
n
p
r
o
lif
er
ativ
e
d
iab
et
ic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
[
2
4
]
.
Th
e
ea
s
ier
s
aid
th
a
n
d
o
n
e
n
o
n
p
r
o
lif
er
ativ
e
d
iab
etic
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
b
o
u
n
ce
ce
l
ab
r
u
p
tl
y
t
u
r
n
d
ir
ec
ted
to
w
ar
d
p
r
o
lif
er
ativ
e
d
iab
etic
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
w
h
e
n
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
d
esire
o
f
o
x
y
g
e
n
w
h
y
s
a
n
d
w
h
er
e
f
o
r
es
t
h
e
li
f
est
y
le
o
f
n
e
w
ca
d
av
er
o
u
s
v
e
s
s
el
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
ca
lled
as n
eo
v
asc
u
lar
is
atio
n
(
Fig
u
r
e
.
1
(
e)
)
w
h
ich
i
s
a
r
ea
l g
lar
e
s
i
g
h
t in
te
n
d
ed
s
tate.
T
h
e
p
r
o
lif
er
ati
v
e
d
iab
eti
c
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
co
m
m
it
ca
u
s
e
s
u
d
d
en
r
e
m
o
v
al
i
n
s
e
n
s
atio
n
al
a
cu
it
y
o
r
s
o
m
ed
a
y
a
r
eliab
le
b
lin
d
n
ess
r
i
g
h
t
to
v
i
tr
eo
u
s
h
e
m
o
r
r
h
ag
e
o
r
tr
ac
tio
n
al
ar
m
ed
b
an
d
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
etin
a.
Af
ter
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
,
li
k
e
t
h
e
r
o
ck
o
f
g
ib
r
alter
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
n
ee
d
ed
r
ig
h
t
to
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
s
tate
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
ca
t
h
o
lic
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
m
er
it
to
th
e
ar
tic
le
th
at
th
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
p
at
o
n
h
e
ad
o
f
m
ed
ical
e
x
p
er
ts
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
,
o
f
f
th
e
to
p
o
f
h
ea
d
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
m
ab
o
u
t
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
I
n
m
ed
ical
d
ia
g
n
o
s
i
s
,
th
e
m
ed
ical
i
n
p
u
t
s
to
r
y
is
co
n
ti
n
u
all
y
w
ith
a
lid
o
n
d
ir
ec
ted
to
w
ar
d
t
w
o
cla
s
s
es,
t
o
w
h
at
p
lac
e
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
is
eit
h
er
r
ev
ea
l
o
r
ab
s
en
t.
T
h
e
ca
te
g
o
r
izatio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
i
s
as
s
es
s
ed
b
y
th
e
a
g
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
r
y
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
ac
tices
in
th
e
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
b
e,
th
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
es
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
ar
e
e
v
al
u
ated
b
y
b
y
lo
w
b
o
ili
n
g
p
o
in
t
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ici
t
y
u
s
i
n
g
i
m
ag
e
b
a
s
is
.
I
n
m
ed
ical
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
th
e
m
ed
ical
in
p
u
t
s
to
r
y
is
co
n
ti
n
u
all
y
w
it
h
a
lid
o
n
d
ir
ec
te
d
t
o
w
ar
d
t
w
o
class
es,
to
w
h
at
p
lace
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
is
eit
h
er
r
ev
ea
l
o
r
ab
s
en
t
.
T
h
e
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
is
ass
es
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ag
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
r
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
ac
tices
in
t
h
e
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
b
e,
th
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
d
ev
o
ted
to
t
h
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
ar
e
e
v
alu
ated
b
y
b
y
lo
w
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
s
p
ec
i
f
icit
y
u
s
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
e
b
asis
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
3
4
–
346
336
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
A
b
n
o
r
m
al
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
i
n
th
e
e
y
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
: (
a)
m
icr
o
an
eu
r
y
m
s
(
m
ar
k
ed
w
it
h
an
ar
r
o
w
)
,
(
b
)
h
e
m
o
r
r
h
ag
e
s
,
(
c)
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ates
,
(
d
)
s
o
f
t e
x
u
d
ate
Neg
ati
v
e
T
r
u
e
Neg
ativ
e
(
T
N)
Fals
e
Ne
g
ati
v
e
(
FN)
(
Ma
r
k
ed
w
it
h
an
ar
r
o
w
)
,
a
n
d
(
e)
n
eo
v
asc
u
lar
izatio
n
.
3.
CURR
E
NT
E
VAL
UAT
I
O
N
P
RACTI
CE
S
Sen
s
iti
v
it
y
is
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
clas
s
if
i
ed
as
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l,
an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
i
cit
y
is
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
n
o
r
m
a
l
f
u
n
d
u
s
class
i
f
ied
as
n
o
r
m
al
b
y
t
h
e
s
c
r
ee
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
s
en
s
it
iv
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
it
y
v
alu
e
s
,
th
e
b
etter
t
h
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
.
Sen
s
iti
v
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
i
f
icit
y
c
an
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as [
2
2
]
:
T
ab
le
1
.
P
er
f
o
m
a
n
ce
E
v
al
u
ati
o
n
T
e
st
R
e
su
l
t
P
r
e
se
n
t
A
b
se
n
t
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
T
r
u
e
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
(
T
P
)
F
a
l
s
e
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
(
F
P
)
w
h
er
e
TP
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
f
o
u
n
d
as
ab
n
o
r
m
al,
T
N
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
n
o
r
m
al,
F
P
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
ab
n
o
r
m
al
(
f
alse
p
o
s
iti
v
es)
a
n
d
F
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
f
o
u
n
d
as
n
o
r
m
al
(
f
alse
n
e
g
ati
v
es).
Sen
s
iti
v
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
i
f
icit
y
ar
e
also
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as th
e
tr
u
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ate
(
T
P
R
)
an
d
tr
u
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
ate
(
T
NR
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
4.
AUTOM
AT
I
C
M
E
T
H
O
DS
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
d
iab
etic
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies:
1
.
Scr
ee
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
et
in
o
p
ath
y
2
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
Mo
s
t
au
to
m
atic
s
y
s
te
m
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
h
ap
e,
co
lo
r
,
an
d
d
o
m
a
in
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
at
h
y
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
ca
n
also
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
d
ir
ec
tl
y
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
ch
a
n
g
es
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
ta
k
en
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
e
y
e
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
ti
m
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
[
1
1
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e,
w
h
er
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
b
o
th
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
.
B
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
e
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ta
g
es
f
o
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
i
n
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
:
1
)
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
2
)
ca
n
d
id
ate
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
d
etec
tio
n
3
)
class
if
ica
tio
n
to
co
r
r
ec
t
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
c
ateg
o
r
y
(
o
r
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
r
ej
ec
tio
n
)
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
in
f
ea
t
u
r
es
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
p
ar
ts
ar
e
th
e
co
lo
r
an
d
b
r
ig
h
tn
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
h
av
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
E
a
r
ly
Dete
ctio
n
o
f H
ig
h
B
lo
o
d
P
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
Dia
b
etic
R
etin
o
p
a
th
y
o
n
R
etin
a
l F
u
n
d
u
s
…
(
S
.
S
.
Ta
d
a
s
a
r
e
)
337
b
ee
n
v
er
i
f
ied
al
s
o
b
y
o
p
h
t
h
al
m
o
lo
g
i
s
ts
.
Un
s
u
r
p
r
is
i
n
g
l
y
t
h
e
s
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
d
o
m
i
n
ate
in
t
h
e
a
u
to
m
at
ic
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
w
il
l b
e
s
h
o
r
tl
y
r
ev
ie
w
ed
i
n
o
u
r
b
r
ief
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
.
Mo
s
t o
f
th
e
a
u
to
m
atic
m
et
h
o
d
s
also
d
etec
t
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
p
ar
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
o
p
tic
d
is
k
,
b
lo
o
d
v
ess
e
ls
,
a
n
d
m
ac
u
la.
T
h
e
au
to
m
atic
m
e
th
o
d
s
eith
er
u
s
e
t
h
e
v
ital
d
o
m
ai
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
p
ar
ts
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
m
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
s
i
m
i
lar
co
lo
r
an
d
s
h
ap
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
w
it
h
ab
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
n
o
r
m
a
l
f
u
n
d
u
s
p
ar
ts
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
5.
H
ARD
AND
SO
F
T
E
XUDA
T
E
S
Used
n
o
r
m
al
r
etin
al
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
(
v
ascu
lat
u
r
e,
o
p
tic
d
is
k
,
f
o
v
ea
,
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
)
t
o
esti
m
ate
th
e
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
iter
ativ
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
h
o
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
u
r
f
ac
e
f
itt
in
g
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
t
h
e
n
o
n
u
n
if
o
r
m
i
llu
m
i
n
atio
n
in
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
u
s
i
n
g
G
A
B
OR
W
A
VE
L
E
T
S f
u
n
ctio
n
I
n
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
b
r
ig
h
t
d
iab
eti
c
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
ar
ea
s
f
r
o
m
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
ap
p
lied
ad
ap
tiv
e
lo
ca
l
co
n
tr
ast
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
to
s
u
b
-
i
m
a
g
e
ar
e
as
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ea
n
a
n
d
s
t
an
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
in
ten
s
itie
s
an
d
ad
j
u
s
te
d
th
e
i
m
ag
e
b
r
ig
h
t
n
es
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
a
m
m
a
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
.
Usi
n
g
co
lo
r
A
u
to
C
o
r
r
elo
g
r
a
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
Dete
r
m
i
n
ed
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
al
f
i
n
d
in
g
ar
ea
s
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
l
t
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ar
ea
s
,
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ates
w
er
e
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
s
o
f
t
e
x
u
d
ate
s
an
d
d
r
u
s
en
u
s
in
g
in
te
n
s
it
y
co
n
tr
ast
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ar
ea
s
an
d
i
m
m
ed
i
ate
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
ai
n
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
r
etin
al
b
lo
o
d
v
ess
els
w
er
e
u
s
e
d
to
r
em
o
v
e
f
alse a
r
ti
f
ac
ts
u
s
i
n
g
co
lo
r
m
o
m
en
ts
f
u
n
ctio
n
E
li
m
i
n
ated
th
e
v
e
s
s
el
s
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
clo
s
in
g
to
th
e
lu
m
i
n
an
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
e.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt,
w
i
th
in
a
s
lid
i
n
g
w
i
n
d
o
w
lo
ca
l
s
t
an
d
ar
d
v
ar
iatio
n
i
m
ag
e
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
a
n
d
th
r
es
h
o
ld
ed
in
to
co
ar
s
e
ex
u
d
ate
ar
ea
s
.
Mo
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
co
u
n
to
u
r
s
w
er
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
d
if
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er
e
n
ce
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et
w
ee
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o
r
ig
i
n
al
i
m
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an
d
m
o
r
p
h
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lo
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y
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tr
u
cted
i
m
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e.
u
s
ed
y
ello
w
i
s
h
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d
s
h
ar
p
ed
g
es
to
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
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h
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ates
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
ix
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s
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e
class
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f
ied
in
to
b
ac
k
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o
u
n
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d
y
ello
w
i
s
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o
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jects
u
s
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m
in
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m
d
i
s
tan
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is
cr
i
m
i
n
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,
w
h
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e
co
u
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to
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r
p
ix
el
s
o
f
ex
tr
ac
ted
o
p
tic
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is
k
w
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e
u
s
ed
as
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
lo
r
r
ef
er
en
c
e
an
d
p
ix
el
s
i
n
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id
e
th
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co
n
to
u
r
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
y
ello
w
is
h
o
b
j
ec
t
co
lo
r
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
en
ted
y
ello
w
is
h
ar
ea
s
an
d
th
eir
ed
g
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ex
tr
ac
ted
w
it
h
Kir
s
ch
’
s
m
as
k
w
er
e
co
m
b
in
ed
to
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ate
ar
ea
s
u
s
in
g
l
if
tin
g
w
a
v
elets
f
u
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tio
n
L
o
ca
ted
th
e
b
r
ig
h
t
ab
n
o
r
m
al
r
eg
io
n
s
in
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
co
lo
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
in
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
ar
ea
s
w
er
e
clas
s
i
f
ied
to
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
at
es,
s
o
f
t
e
x
u
d
ates,
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
al
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
e
u
s
i
n
g
HSV
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
f
u
n
c
tio
n
Sear
ch
ed
th
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co
ar
s
e
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ate
ar
ea
s
u
s
in
g
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
m
a
s
k
s
w
it
h
s
m
o
o
t
h
ed
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
each
co
lo
r
b
an
d
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
ar
ea
s
w
er
e
clas
s
i
f
ied
to
ex
u
d
ate
an
d
n
o
n
-
e
x
u
d
ate
r
eg
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n
s
u
s
in
g
C
B
R
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R
.
C
o
lo
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r
eg
io
n
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ize,
o
r
ien
ta
tio
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m
ea
n
an
d
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
i
n
ten
s
it
y
,
an
d
tex
t
u
r
e
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
.
6.
E
VA
L
UA
T
I
O
N
DA
T
AB
AS
E
A
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
m
ed
ical
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
i
s
a
d
atab
ase
o
f
d
ed
icate
d
l
y
s
ele
cted
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ali
t
y
m
ed
ical
i
m
a
g
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tati
v
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
ed
ical
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
th
,
m
u
s
t
ac
co
m
p
an
y
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
d
ata.
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ac
cu
r
ate
al
g
o
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ith
m
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ld
tak
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th
e
i
m
a
g
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i
n
p
u
t,
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d
p
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ce
o
u
tp
u
t
w
h
ic
h
i
s
co
n
s
is
t
en
t
w
i
th
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
th
.
I
n
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
t
h
f
o
r
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
d
atab
ase.
6
.
1
.
F
un
du
s
I
m
a
g
es
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
8
9
co
lo
u
r
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
o
f
w
h
ic
h
8
4
co
n
tain
at
least
m
ild
n
o
n
p
r
o
lif
er
ativ
e
s
ig
n
s
(
Ma
)
o
f
t
h
e
d
ia
b
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
(
t
w
o
e
x
a
m
p
le
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
s
.
2
(
b
)
an
d
2
(
c)
)
,
a
n
d
5
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
n
o
r
m
al
w
h
ich
d
o
n
o
t
co
n
ta
in
an
y
s
i
g
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
all
ex
p
er
ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
(
an
ex
a
m
p
le
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
.
2
(
a)
)
.
T
h
e
im
a
g
es
w
er
e
tak
e
n
in
t
h
e
Ku
o
p
io
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
h
o
s
p
ital.
T
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
b
y
th
e
m
ed
ical
ex
p
er
ts
,
b
u
t
th
e
i
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
to
an
y
t
y
p
ical
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
i.e
.
,
th
e
d
ata
is
b
ia
s
ed
an
d
n
o
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p
r
io
r
i in
f
o
r
m
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ca
n
b
e
d
ev
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s
ed
f
r
o
m
it.
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h
e
d
iab
eti
c
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
ab
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
in
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
ar
e
r
elativ
el
y
s
m
al
l,
b
u
t
t
h
e
y
ap
p
ea
r
n
ea
r
th
e
m
ac
u
la
w
h
i
ch
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
th
r
ea
ten
t
h
e
e
y
e
s
ig
h
t.
I
m
a
g
es
w
er
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
5
0
d
eg
r
ee
f
ield
-
of
-
v
ie
w
d
ig
ital
f
u
n
d
u
s
ca
m
er
a
w
it
h
v
ar
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in
g
i
m
a
g
in
g
s
etti
n
g
s
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f
la
s
h
in
te
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s
it
y
,
s
h
u
t
ter
s
p
ee
d
,
ap
er
tu
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an
d
g
ain
)
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
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e
s
y
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m
.
T
h
e
i
m
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s
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tai
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v
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a
m
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n
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s
e,
b
u
t
th
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p
tical
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is
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io
n
,
tr
an
s
v
er
s
e
an
d
later
al
ch
r
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m
atic,
s
p
h
er
ical,
f
i
eld
cu
r
v
at
u
r
e,
co
m
a,
as
tig
m
ati
s
m
,
d
i
s
to
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tio
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)
a
n
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p
h
o
to
m
etr
i
c
ac
cu
r
ac
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co
lo
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r
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ten
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)
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
r
g
ed
o
n
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
v
ar
ia
n
ce
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
au
d
io
au
d
ito
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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2
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8814
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
3
4
–
346
338
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
is
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
g
a
v
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a
p
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n
k
s
lip
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
s
m
al
l.
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h
e
w
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r
d
co
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m
to
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f
u
l
(
n
o
t
at
t
h
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ea
r
t
o
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p
ical)
p
r
ac
tical
h
o
w
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i
n
g
s
s
tack
u
p
,
to
w
h
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p
la
ce
th
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m
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ar
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r
o
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o
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tio
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ate,
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d
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o
n
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h
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d
to
u
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th
e
g
e
n
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s
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u
ck
a
n
d
j
iv
e
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
l
v
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
s
h
u
c
k
an
d
j
iv
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
h
o
w
t
h
i
n
g
s
s
t
ac
k
u
p
w
h
er
e
n
o
ca
lib
r
atio
n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
(
ac
tu
al
te
m
p
o
r
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
v
alu
e
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
)
,
n
o
n
e
th
e
less
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
f
it
to
as
a
m
at
ter
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
a
n
d
i
m
ag
in
g
f
i
n
al
n
o
t
ice,
i.e
.
,
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
en
co
u
n
t
er
ed
in
h
o
s
p
itals
.
T
h
i
s
d
ata
e
x
is
t
is
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
as
“
ca
lib
r
atio
n
ca
n
d
id
l
y
1
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es”.
A
d
ata
ap
p
l
y
t
ak
en
b
y
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
ca
m
er
as
co
n
tain
i
n
g
o
f
f
b
ea
t
a
m
o
u
n
ts
i
m
a
g
in
g
tell
tale
s
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
an
d
o
p
tical
ab
er
r
atio
n
s
is
s
u
g
g
ested
as
“
ca
lib
r
atio
n
f
r
ee
l
y
0
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
ag
e
s
”.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
x
a
m
p
les o
f
DI
A
R
E
T
DB
1
f
u
n
d
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s
i
m
a
g
es: (
a)
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
n
d
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s
,
(
b
)
ab
n
o
r
m
al
f
u
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d
u
s
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an
d
(
c)
ab
n
o
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s
a
f
ter
tr
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t
m
e
n
t b
y
p
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to
co
ag
u
latio
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.
6
.
2
.
G
ro
un
d T
rut
h
T
h
e
p
r
ac
ticall
y
h
a
v
in
g
to
d
o
w
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h
v
er
ac
it
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m
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r
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f
o
r
m
ed
ical
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ia
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o
s
is
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
r
e
tiff
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icit
y
(
s
ee
Sec.
4
.
2
f
o
r
th
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
)
.
Se
n
s
i
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
icit
y
ar
e
m
ar
k
ed
o
n
t
h
e
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
co
r
e
–
a
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
in
tu
r
n
co
n
ta
in
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lt
o
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n
o
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s
u
p
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t
h
at
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r
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t
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s
u
r
e
th
at
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h
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to
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d
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etin
o
p
ath
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d
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g
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M
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l f
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y
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Fi
g
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.
3
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.
A
p
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5
i
m
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ies,
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d
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n
u
m
b
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ep
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d
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ets.
T
h
e
d
iab
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o
p
ath
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f
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d
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t
y
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es t
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m
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cu
m
u
latio
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co
n
tain
s
ar
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
1
.
R
ed
S
m
al
l d
r
u
g
,
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e
s
,
s
tr
ictl
y
e
x
u
d
ates.
2
.
R
ed
S
m
al
l d
r
u
g
,
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e
s
,
j
o
in
tl
y
ex
u
d
ates,
r
etice
n
t e
x
u
d
ates.
3.
R
ed
S
m
all
b
lo
tter
ac
id
,
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
es,
i
n
ti
m
atel
y
ex
u
d
ate
s
,
co
u
ld
h
ea
r
a
p
in
d
r
o
p
e
x
u
d
ates,
n
eo
v
asc
u
lar
i
s
atio
n
.
4
.
R
ed
lo
w
d
o
ts
,
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
es,
co
u
ld
h
ea
r
a
p
in
d
r
o
p
ex
u
d
ates
,
n
eo
v
asc
u
lar
is
at
io
n
.
5
.
No
r
m
a
l.
T
h
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies ca
ll a
s
p
ad
e
a
s
p
ad
e
th
e
t
y
p
ical
ad
v
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
[
1
7
]
.
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n pro
t
o
co
l
Me
th
o
d
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
au
to
m
atic
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
d
iab
etic
r
eti
n
o
p
ath
y
ar
e
ev
al
u
ated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
icit
y
p
er
i
m
ag
e
b
asi
s
.
Se
n
s
it
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i
t
y
is
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
f
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d
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s
es
clas
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f
ied
as
ab
n
o
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m
al
b
y
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s
cr
ee
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et
h
o
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d
s
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cit
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o
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ied
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o
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t
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cr
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et
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h
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ig
h
er
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s
e
n
s
it
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n
d
s
p
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al
u
es,
t
h
e
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etter
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e
m
et
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o
d
.
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iti
v
it
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a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
it
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v
alu
e
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ar
e
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
e
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
class
e
s
:
ex
u
d
ates
(
s
o
f
t
a
n
d
h
ar
d
)
,
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
ag
e
s
an
d
r
ed
s
m
all
d
o
ts
(
m
icr
o
an
e
u
r
y
s
m
)
.
I
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
atab
as
e
th
e
n
eo
v
asc
u
lar
is
a
tio
n
is
n
o
t
in
cl
u
d
ed
d
u
e
to
it
s
r
ar
ity
.
Se
n
s
iti
v
it
y
an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ici
t
y
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as [
2
0
]
:
7.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
C
o
n
te
n
t
b
ased
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
f
o
r
g
en
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
i
m
a
g
e
d
a
tab
ases
is
a
h
ig
h
l
y
ch
al
len
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lar
g
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
d
atab
ase,
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
i
m
ag
e
s
,
b
o
th
b
y
p
eo
p
le
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
t
h
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
o
f
f
o
r
m
u
lati
n
g
a
q
u
er
y
,
an
d
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
en
g
i
n
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
I
n
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
d
o
m
ai
n
,
QB
I
C
[
7
]
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ea
r
lies
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
u
ch
as
T
.
J
.
W
at
s
o
n
[
1
8
]
,
VI
R
[
1
0
]
,
A
MO
R
E
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
B
ell
L
ab
o
r
at
o
r
y
W
AL
R
US
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
d
o
m
ain
,
MI
T
P
h
o
to
b
o
o
k
[
8
,
2
1
]
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ea
r
lies
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
er
k
e
le
y
B
lo
b
w
o
r
ld
[
2
2
]
,
C
o
lu
m
b
i
a
Vis
u
al
s
ee
k
a
n
d
W
eb
s
ee
k
[
9
]
,
Natr
a
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
Stan
f
o
r
d
W
B
I
I
S
[
2
4
]
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
en
t
w
ell
k
n
o
w
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
to
ex
tr
ac
t
a
s
i
g
n
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
ev
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
b
ased
o
n
it
s
p
i
x
el
v
a
lu
es
an
d
to
d
ef
i
n
e
a
r
u
le
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
i
m
ag
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
s
er
v
es
as
an
i
m
ag
e
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
in
t
h
e
“v
ie
w
”
o
f
a
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
ar
e
ca
lled
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
.
On
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
a
s
i
g
n
at
u
r
e
o
v
er
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
i
x
el
v
al
u
e
s
is
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
a
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
g
n
atu
r
e
is
to
g
ai
n
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
i
m
a
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
tat
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n
a
n
d
s
e
m
an
tics
.
A
ct
u
all
y
,
t
h
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m
ai
n
t
ask
o
f
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
a
s
ig
n
at
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r
e
is
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
i
m
ag
e
s
e
m
a
n
tics
an
d
th
e
p
i
x
el
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
,
t
h
at
i
s
,
to
cr
ea
te
a
b
etter
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
it
h
i
m
a
g
e
s
e
m
a
n
tics
[
1
1
]
.
E
x
is
ti
n
g
g
e
n
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
f
all
in
to
th
r
e
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ex
tr
ac
t
s
ig
n
at
u
r
es:
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
,
co
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t,
an
d
r
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
r
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
b
y
a
w
ei
g
h
ted
s
u
m
m
atc
h
i
n
g
m
etr
ic
[
4
]
,
o
r
o
th
er
m
er
g
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
[
2
5
]
.
A
f
ter
ex
tr
ac
t
in
g
s
ig
n
at
u
r
es,
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
u
le,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
a
q
u
er
y
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
an
d
t
h
e
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
o
f
a
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
et
w
ee
n
i
m
ag
e
s
.
Fo
r
m
o
s
t
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
q
u
er
y
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
an
i
m
ag
e
to
b
e
m
atc
h
ed
.
W
e
r
ef
er
to
th
is
as
g
lo
b
al
s
ea
r
ch
s
i
n
ce
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
is
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
B
y
co
n
tr
as
t,
E
f
f
ic
ien
t
C
o
n
te
n
t
B
ased
I
m
ag
e
R
e
tr
iev
al
t
h
er
e
ar
e
also
“
p
ar
tial
s
ea
r
ch
”
q
u
er
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
r
etr
iev
e
r
es
u
lts
b
ased
o
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
eg
io
n
i
n
an
i
m
a
g
e
[
2
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
3
4
–
346
340
7
.
1
.
F
ea
t
ure
B
a
s
ed
CB
I
R
Sy
s
t
em
s
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
e
x
tr
ac
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
h
o
le
i
m
ag
e
n
o
t
f
r
o
m
ce
r
tai
n
r
eg
io
n
s
in
it;
th
e
s
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
Glo
b
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
.
His
to
g
r
a
m
s
ea
r
c
h
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
[
7
]
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
an
i
m
ag
e
b
y
its
c
o
lo
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
r
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
.
Ma
n
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
o
f
t
w
o
co
lo
r
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
s
.
E
u
clid
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
a
n
d
its
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
o
f
a
g
lo
b
al
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
r
ep
r
ese
n
tatio
n
i
s
th
at
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
o
b
j
ec
t
lo
ca
tio
n
,
s
h
ap
e
an
d
tex
tu
r
e
is
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
.
C
o
lo
r
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
s
ea
r
ch
is
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
in
ten
s
it
y
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
co
lo
r
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
,
an
d
cr
o
p
p
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
lay
o
u
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
atte
m
p
ts
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
s
ea
r
ch
.
I
n
s
i
m
p
le
co
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t
in
d
e
x
i
n
g
[
7
]
,
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
in
to
b
lo
ck
s
an
d
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
co
lo
r
o
f
ea
ch
b
lo
ck
is
s
to
r
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
co
lo
r
lay
o
u
t
is
ess
e
n
tiall
y
a
lo
w
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
i
m
ag
e.
A
r
elati
v
el
y
r
ec
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
W
B
I
I
S
[
2
4
]
,
u
s
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
Da
u
b
ec
h
ies
'
w
av
el
et
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
in
s
tead
o
f
a
v
er
ag
in
g
.
B
y
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
b
lo
ck
s
iz
es
o
r
th
e
lev
el
s
o
f
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
,
th
e
co
ar
s
e
n
es
s
o
f
a
co
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
t
u
n
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
w
e
ca
n
v
ie
w
a
co
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
as
an
o
p
p
o
s
ite
ex
tr
em
e
o
f
a
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
.
A
t
p
r
o
p
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
,
th
e
co
lo
r
lay
o
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
n
at
u
r
all
y
r
eta
in
s
s
h
ap
e,
lo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
t
ex
tu
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
as
w
it
h
p
ix
el
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
al
th
o
u
g
h
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
s
h
ap
e
is
p
r
eser
v
ed
i
n
t
h
e
co
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
n
o
t
p
er
ce
i
v
e
it
d
ir
ec
tl
y
.
C
o
lo
r
la
y
o
u
t
s
ea
r
ch
is
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
to
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
,
cr
o
p
p
in
g
,
s
ca
l
in
g
,
a
n
d
r
o
tatio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
i
m
ag
e
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
a
s
et
o
f
lo
ca
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
4
]
.
I
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
a
l
u
s
i
n
g
co
lo
r
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
ten
g
i
v
es
d
is
ap
p
o
in
ti
n
g
r
es
u
lts
,
b
ec
au
s
e
in
m
a
n
y
ca
s
es,
i
m
a
g
es
w
it
h
s
i
m
i
lar
co
lo
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
s
i
m
ilar
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
g
lo
b
al
co
lo
r
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
t
en
f
ai
ls
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
co
lo
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
r
tex
tu
r
e
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e.
D.
Z
h
an
g
[
2
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
b
o
th
co
lo
r
an
d
te
x
t
u
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
r
etr
iev
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
y
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
b
o
th
th
e
co
lo
r
an
d
tex
t
u
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
m
ag
es,
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
i
n
d
ex
ed
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
D
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
g
iv
e
n
a
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e,
i
m
ag
e
s
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase
ar
e
f
ir
s
tl
y
r
a
n
k
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
co
lo
r
E
f
f
icien
t
C
o
n
t
en
t
B
ased
I
m
a
g
e
R
etr
ie
v
al
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
en
,
i
n
a
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
to
p
r
an
k
ed
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
an
d
r
e
-
r
an
k
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
tex
tu
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
T
w
o
alter
n
ati
v
es
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
th
e
u
s
er
,
o
n
e
is
th
e
r
e
tr
iev
al
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
f
ea
tu
r
es
,
an
d
th
e
o
t
h
er
i
s
r
etr
iev
al
b
ased
o
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
W
h
en
t
h
e
r
etr
iev
al
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
f
ails
,
th
e
u
s
er
w
ill
u
s
e
t
h
e
o
th
er
alter
n
ati
v
e
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
r
etr
iev
al.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
tex
t
u
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
g
lo
b
al
l
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e;
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t a
n
ac
cu
r
ate
d
escr
i
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
w
h
ic
h
d
eg
r
ad
es
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
8.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CB
RIR S
YST
E
M
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
B
R
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
tex
t
u
r
e
an
d
co
lo
r
,
as
v
is
u
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
r
ep
r
esen
t e
ac
h
r
e
g
io
n
ex
tr
ac
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eti
n
al
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es.
8
.
1
.
T
ex
t
ure
F
ea
t
ure
E
x
t
ra
ct
io
n
I
n
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
r
eg
io
n
b
ased
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
v
i
s
u
a
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
o
n
ea
ch
p
ix
el
t
h
at
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
r
eg
io
n
,
a
n
d
ea
ch
r
e
g
io
n
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
ese
p
i
x
el
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
s
e
av
er
ag
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ef
f
ic
ie
n
t
in
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
r
eg
io
n
’
s
co
n
ten
t.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
s
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
e
ac
h
p
ix
e
l
o
r
tex
t
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2
2
5
2
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8814
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4
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Reg
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
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8814
I
J
AA
S
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
3
4
–
346
342
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8
.
5
.
I
m
a
g
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Si
m
ila
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Sea
rc
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Giv
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t
h
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d
ef
in
it
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d
is
tan
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w
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s
,
w
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ar
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d
y
to
co
m
p
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g
lo
b
al
s
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m
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it
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b
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w
ee
n
t
w
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m
ag
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s
.
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p
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s
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p
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Step
1
:
Usi
n
g
E
q
u
at
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1
,
co
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p
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t
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d
all
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s
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ID
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r
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R
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t
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q
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m
ag
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n
ce
b
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w
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t
h
is
r
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g
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a
n
d
th
e
d
atab
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m
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I
D
is
d
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n
ed
as:
(2
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h
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d
ij
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d
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s
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w
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R
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d
a
n
y
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R
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m
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m
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m
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d
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tan
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w
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q
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R
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d
all
th
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r
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s
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t
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d
atab
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m
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ID
,
w
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m
ax
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m
izes t
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e
s
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m
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n
th
e
r
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g
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a
n
d
th
e
d
atab
as
e
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m
a
g
e.
Step
2
:
W
e
c
o
m
p
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te
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s
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m
il
ar
it
y
b
et
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t
h
e
q
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er
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m
a
g
e
I
Q
an
d
th
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d
atab
ase
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m
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I
D
as f
o
llo
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s
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(
3
)
W
h
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α
t
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s
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
o
r
r
eg
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n
R
i
i
n
i
m
a
g
e
IQ
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
i
n
an
i
m
ag
e
f3
1
as
it
s
w
ei
g
h
t (
i.e
.
α
t
= f
t31
)
,
s
in
ce
w
e
th
i
n
k
a
r
eg
io
n
w
it
h
a
lar
g
er
ar
ea
p
lay
s
a
m
o
r
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s
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g
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i
f
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t r
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le
in
co
n
tr
ib
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tin
g
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
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m
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lar
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al
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e
b
etw
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n
t
w
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m
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g
e
s
th
a
n
a
r
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io
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w
it
h
a
s
m
aller
ar
ea
.
Step
3
:
T
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
d
is
ta
n
c
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
th
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
ag
e
g
i
v
en
i
n
E
q
u
atio
n
3
is
n
o
t
s
y
m
m
etr
ic,
to
m
a
k
e
i
t
s
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
w
e
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
ag
e
a
n
d
th
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
b
y
r
ep
ea
tin
g
s
tep
s
1
a
n
d
2
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
ag
e,
w
e
d
e
f
in
e
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
r
eg
io
n
R
j
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
as:
(
4
)
T
h
is
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
tak
e
s
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
e
r
e
g
io
n
R
j
an
d
al
l
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
ag
e
IQ
,
w
h
ich
m
a
x
i
m
izes th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e.
Step
4
:
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
I
D
an
d
I
Q
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as:
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
α
j
is
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
R
j
i
n
i
m
a
g
e
ID
,
a
n
d
al
s
o
w
e
u
s
e
it
as
th
e
f
j31
j
u
s
t
a
s
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
er
y
i
m
ag
e
r
eg
io
n
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
a
lin
e
f
r
o
m
a
q
u
e
r
y
r
e
g
io
n
to
a
DB
r
eg
io
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
in
i
m
a
g
e
I
Q
(
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le
w
i
th
7
r
eg
io
n
s
)
to
t
h
e
r
e
g
io
n
in
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
e
I
D
(
w
it
h
9
r
eg
io
n
s
)
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
a
lin
e
f
r
o
m
a
DB
r
eg
io
n
to
a
q
u
er
y
r
eg
io
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
in
i
m
a
g
e
I
D
to
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
i
n
IQ
.
T
h
ese
d
is
tan
ce
s
ar
e
th
e
n
ad
d
ed
an
d
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
t
w
o
to
g
e
t
t
h
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
i
m
a
g
e
I
Q
an
d
I
Q
as in
s
tep
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
AA
S
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
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E
a
r
ly
Dete
ctio
n
o
f H
ig
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lo
o
d
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r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
Dia
b
etic
R
etin
o
p
a
th
y
o
n
R
etin
a
l F
u
n
d
u
s
…
(
S
.
S
.
Ta
d
a
s
a
r
e
)
343
Step
5
:
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
i
m
a
g
es
I
Q
a
n
d
I
D
is
d
ef
in
ed
as:
(
6
)
T
h
is
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
i
m
a
g
es
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
i
m
ilar
i
t
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
r
eg
io
n
al
an
d
g
lo
b
al
m
atc
h
in
g
.
As
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
ith
m
a
n
y
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
t
h
e
l
iter
at
u
r
e,
th
i
s
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
s
tr
iv
e
s
to
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
as
m
u
c
h
E
f
f
icien
t
C
o
n
te
n
t B
ased
I
m
ag
e
R
etr
ie
v
al
s
e
m
a
n
tic
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
a
n
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
al
s
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
a
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
Giv
e
n
th
is
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
,
f
o
r
ea
ch
q
u
er
y
i
m
ag
e
IQ
,
it
is
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
to
co
m
p
u
te
Dis
t
(
I
D
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Q
)
f
o
r
ev
er
y
i
m
ag
e
I
D
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
i
n
th
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6.
Min
i
m
u
m
Di
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
R
e
g
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
I
m
ag
e
I
Q
to
I
m
ag
e
I
D
a
n
d
Vice
Ver
s
a.
8
.
6
.
I
m
a
g
e
Ret
riev
a
l
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
Da
t
a
I
ns
er
t
io
n
T
h
e
im
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
in
th
is
ch
ap
ter
f
ir
s
t
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
ea
ch
i
m
ag
e
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase
in
to
d
is
tin
ct
r
eg
io
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
b
j
e
cts
in
th
at
i
m
a
g
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
T
B
E
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Featu
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
i
m
a
g
e
r
eg
io
n
u
s
in
g
li
f
t
in
g
w
a
v
elet
;
th
ese
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
r
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
f
il
es.
W
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
w
it
h
s
e
lf
-
o
r
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a
n
izi
n
g
m
ap
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o
r
it
h
m
in
th
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d
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a
s
e
f
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t
u
r
e
s
p
ac
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r
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p
th
o
s
e
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
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is
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al
f
ea
t
u
r
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i
n
to
s
ep
ar
ate
cl
u
s
ter
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
ti
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
SOM
is
c
h
o
s
e
n
to
h
av
e
t
w
o
d
i
m
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1
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n
o
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g
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id
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p
to
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ical
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izatio
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ea
ch
o
f
t
h
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e
n
o
d
es
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
clu
s
ter
ce
n
ter
.
E
ac
h
i
m
a
g
e
r
eg
io
n
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase
is
g
i
v
en
a
clu
s
ter
n
u
m
b
er
s
to
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w
it
h
it
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
SOM
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ain
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
’
s
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
GUI
f
o
r
I
d
en
tif
icatio
n
an
d
clas
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
o
f
r
e
ti
n
al
u
s
i
n
g
C
B
R
I
R
b
ased
o
n
lif
ti
n
g
w
a
v
elet
s
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
m
a
g
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.