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Adv
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I
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Ap
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Vo
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10
,
No
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1
,
Ma
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2
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2
1
:
47
–
59
48
a
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illi
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g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
o
th
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
m
i
n
im
iz
atio
n
.
W
ith
th
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
ev
er
al
alter
n
ativ
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
o
u
g
h
t
o
u
t
f
o
r
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
o
th
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
s
t,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
f
r
ien
d
lin
ess
an
d
ev
en
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
R
u
b
b
er
(
Hev
ea
b
r
a
s
ilien
s
is
)
t
r
ee
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
latex
th
a
t
is
a
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
u
b
b
er
ty
r
es
u
s
ed
o
n
m
o
to
r
v
eh
icles,
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
an
d
b
icy
cles.
I
t
is
in
ed
ib
le
an
d
s
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
m
p
ete
with
f
o
o
d
,
b
u
t
is
ea
ten
b
y
co
ws
i
n
Nig
er
ia
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
o
il
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
to
m
o
d
i
f
y
dr
illi
n
g
f
lu
id
p
r
o
p
er
ties
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
v
is
co
s
ity
,
g
el
s
tr
en
g
t
h
etc.
an
d
s
u
p
p
r
ess
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
d
r
illi
n
g
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
ased
m
u
d
.
T
h
e
Petr
o
leu
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
co
n
ce
r
n
e
d
with
m
ax
im
izin
g
p
r
o
f
its
at
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
s
t
o
f
ex
p
e
n
d
i
tu
r
e
a
n
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
in
th
e
s
af
est
way
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
iesel
o
il
in
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
is
a
m
ajo
r
d
r
awb
ac
k
to
th
is
id
eo
lo
g
y
as
d
iesel
o
il
is
q
u
ite
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
an
d
also
p
o
s
es
a
th
r
ea
t
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
as
its
d
is
p
o
s
al
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
s
tr
in
g
en
t
p
o
llu
tio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
es.
Du
e
to
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
e
n
a
cted
laws
an
d
im
p
o
s
ed
s
an
ctio
n
s
o
n
d
ef
a
u
lter
s
to
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
i
ts
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
citizen
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
leth
al
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
OB
M
d
is
p
o
s
al
[
2
]
.
T
o
m
i
tig
ate
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
th
is
p
r
o
ject
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
o
il
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
o
il
-
b
ased
d
r
illi
n
g
m
u
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
cr
itically
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
r
h
eo
lo
g
ical
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
f
o
r
m
u
lated
with
o
il
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
s
an
d
h
o
w
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
e:
a.
T
o
ex
tr
ac
t a
n
d
ch
ar
a
cter
ize
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
(
Hev
e
a
b
r
a
s
ilien
s
is
)
an
d
its
o
il d
er
iv
ativ
e
.
b.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
r
h
eo
l
o
g
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
o
il b
ased
m
u
d
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
with
R
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
o
il.
c.
T
o
u
s
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
r
u
b
b
er
OB
M
an
d
d
iesel
O
B
M
in
co
m
p
ar
in
g
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
iab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
itab
i
lity
o
f
u
s
in
g
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
o
il a
s
a
r
ep
lace
m
en
t i
n
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
.
T
h
e
r
ig
h
t
ch
o
ice
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
f
l
u
id
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l
i
n
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
llu
tio
n
th
at
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
is
p
o
s
al
o
f
m
u
d
,
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
f
l
u
id
a
n
d
h
en
ce
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
last
ly
r
e
d
u
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
t
h
at
ar
e
en
c
o
u
n
ter
e
d
wh
ile
d
r
illi
n
g
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
is
lim
ited
to
th
e
lab
o
r
at
o
r
y
.
Oil
b
ased
m
u
d
s
w
ill
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
f
o
r
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
test
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
clu
d
e
m
u
d
weig
h
t,
p
last
ic
v
is
co
s
ity
,
y
ield
p
o
in
t,
an
ilin
e
p
o
in
t,
p
H,
f
ilter
ca
k
e
th
ick
n
ess
,
an
d
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
.
W
ith
ad
v
an
c
em
en
t
in
d
r
illi
n
g
-
f
lu
id
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
it
is
n
o
w
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
im
p
le
m
en
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
well
-
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
cu
s
to
m
-
m
ad
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ea
ch
in
ter
v
al
o
f
th
e
well
[
3
]
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
y
to
n
o
te
th
at
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
h
av
e
m
ad
e
s
tu
d
ies tr
y
in
g
to
f
in
d
a
s
u
b
s
titu
te
to
d
iesel
o
il in
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
as
b
ee
n
g
ea
r
ed
to
war
d
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
v
eg
eta
b
le
o
ils
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
m
a
d
e
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
r
elate
d
to
v
eg
etab
l
e
o
ils
as a
r
ep
lace
m
en
t to
d
iesel o
il in
d
r
illi
n
g
f
lu
id
is
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w:
Ag
wu
et
a
l
.
[
5
]
f
o
r
m
u
lated
an
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
with
s
o
y
b
ea
n
o
il
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
o
y
b
ea
n
.
T
h
e
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
r
h
eo
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
s
o
y
b
ea
n
m
u
d
p
ar
ticles
with
d
iesel
o
il
m
u
d
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
ey
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
at
th
e
OB
M
d
is
p
lay
ed
B
in
g
h
am
p
last
ic
m
o
d
el,
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
lo
w
y
ield
p
o
in
t
an
d
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
as
ag
ain
s
t
d
iesel
OB
M.
T
h
e
m
u
d
d
en
s
ity
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
s
h
o
wed
th
at
So
y
b
ea
n
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
was a
b
it h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
th
at
o
f
d
iesel
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
.
Fil
tr
a
tio
n
lo
s
s
test
s
also
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
s
o
y
b
ea
n
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
f
lu
id
lo
s
s
v
o
lu
m
e
was
a
litt
le
les
s
th
an
th
at
o
f
d
iese
l
OB
M.
T
h
ey
f
u
r
th
e
r
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
s
o
y
b
ea
n
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
d
is
p
lay
ed
g
o
o
d
d
r
illi
n
g
m
u
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
at
wo
u
ld
co
m
p
ar
e
f
a
v
o
r
ab
l
y
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
d
iesel
OB
M.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
eir
wo
r
k
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
in
T
ab
le
1
an
d
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Mu
d
r
h
e
o
lo
g
ical
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
v
alu
e
M
u
d
p
r
o
p
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r
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i
e
s
D
i
e
se
l
o
i
l
S
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y
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e
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G
e
l
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r
e
n
g
t
h
1
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s
e
c
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l
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1
0
0
f
t
2
7
5
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e
l
s
t
r
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n
g
t
h
1
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i
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l
b
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1
0
0
f
t
2
9
6
P
l
a
st
i
c
v
i
sc
o
si
t
y
,
c
p
16
14
Y
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p
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l
b
/
1
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f
t
2
20
11
A
p
p
a
r
e
n
t
v
i
s
c
o
si
t
y
,
c
p
2
5
.
5
19
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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8
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1
4
P
erfo
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l a
s
a
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iesel in
o
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a
s
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d
r
illi
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g
… (
A
ma
n
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e
Jo
s
ia
h
Destin
y
)
49
T
ab
le
2
.
Mu
d
f
iltra
tio
n
l
o
s
s
r
esu
lts
F
i
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t
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a
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p
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D
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e
se
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To
t
a
l
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u
i
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v
o
l
u
me
(
m
L)
27
23
O
i
l
v
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l
u
me
(
m
L)
12
10
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v
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l
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(
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15
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C
a
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0
An
o
th
er
r
esear
c
h
b
y
Ad
ewa
le
an
d
Og
u
n
r
in
d
e
[
2
]
m
ad
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
alm
o
il
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
u
t
o
il
in
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
f
lu
i
d
.
T
h
eir
wo
r
k
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
t
o
x
i
c
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
iesel
OB
M
an
d
t
h
e
v
eg
eta
b
le
o
ils
o
n
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
C
o
r
n
s
wer
e
f
ir
s
t p
lan
ted
o
n
h
u
m
u
s
s
o
il b
ed
s
p
r
ep
ar
ed
with
p
alm
.
T
h
ey
w
er
e
th
en
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
th
r
ee
m
u
d
s
am
p
les
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
eir
to
x
icity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
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ex
p
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im
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s
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o
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o
il
an
d
Gr
o
u
n
d
n
u
t
o
il
r
etain
ed
its
g
r
ee
n
co
l
o
u
r
wh
il
e
th
at
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
Diesel
o
il
lo
s
t
its
g
r
ee
n
n
ess
an
d
d
ied
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
y
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
d
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
with
th
e
v
e
g
etab
le
o
ils
(
p
alm
o
il
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
u
t
o
il
in
th
is
ca
s
e)
b
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
its
b
io
d
eg
r
ad
ab
le
n
a
tu
r
e,
b
etter
ec
o
-
to
x
ic
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
an
d
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
c
o
s
t o
f
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
cu
ttin
g
s
.
Fad
air
o
et
a
l.
[
6
]
u
s
ed
o
il
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
o
m
J
atr
o
p
h
a
an
d
C
an
o
la
s
ee
d
s
as
th
e
b
ase
f
lu
id
f
o
r
d
r
illi
n
g
m
u
d
s
am
p
les.
T
h
e
m
u
d
s
am
p
les
f
o
r
m
u
lated
alo
n
g
s
id
e
d
iesel
m
u
d
s
am
p
le
was
test
ed
f
o
r
to
x
icity
,
f
iltra
tio
n
,
p
H,
v
is
co
s
ity
,
an
d
d
e
n
s
ity
to
asce
r
tain
th
eir
s
u
itab
ilit
y
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
th
eir
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
af
ety
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Fro
m
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
J
atr
o
p
h
a
n
o
t
o
n
ly
h
ad
th
e
l
o
west
v
is
co
s
ity
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
b
e
s
af
er
an
d
b
est
f
it
f
o
r
p
lan
t
life
an
d
s
o
il
m
icr
o
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
as
ag
ain
s
t
d
iesel
wh
ich
h
ap
p
en
e
d
to
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
to
x
ic
am
o
n
g
th
e
t
h
r
ee
s
am
p
les.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
ey
p
o
s
tu
lated
th
at
J
atr
o
p
h
a
o
i
l
-
b
ased
m
u
d
c
o
u
ld
p
o
ten
tially
r
ep
lace
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
iesel o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Fad
air
o
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
e
r
h
eo
l
o
g
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
J
atr
o
p
h
a
o
il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
wh
en
c
h
lo
r
id
e
s
alts
o
f
s
o
d
iu
m
an
d
p
o
tass
iu
m
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
h
o
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
r
h
e
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
R
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
f
l
o
w
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
o
f
th
e
f
lu
id
we
r
e
n
eg
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
s
alin
ity
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
I
t
f
u
r
th
er
s
h
o
wed
th
at
d
iesel
OB
M
was
a
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
er
th
an
J
atr
o
p
h
a
i
n
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
h
ig
h
s
alin
ity
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
h
en
ce
it
was
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
r
h
eo
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
J
atr
o
p
h
a
OB
M
wh
en
wo
r
k
in
g
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as th
ese.
Ag
wu
et
a
l.
[
8
]
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
n
th
e
co
s
t,
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
v
eg
etab
le
o
ils
u
s
ed
in
d
r
illi
n
g
f
lu
i
d
s
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
c
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
g
o
o
d
r
h
eo
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
f
iltra
tio
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
ea
ch
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
h
ad
o
liv
e
o
il
r
an
k
in
g
th
e
least
in
m
ee
tin
g
a
ll
o
f
th
ese
o
b
jectiv
es
wh
ile
p
a
lm
o
il,
s
o
y
b
ea
n
o
il
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
ap
eseed
o
il f
u
lf
il
led
all
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
iv
es to
a
r
e
aso
n
ab
le
ex
ten
t.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
Y
ass
in
et
a
l.
[
9
]
in
v
o
lv
ed
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
test
s
o
n
d
er
iv
ativ
es
o
f
p
alm
o
il
as
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
h
ase
f
o
r
o
il
-
b
ased
d
r
illi
n
g
f
lu
id
s
,
an
d
th
e
to
x
icity
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
lan
t
an
d
a
q
u
atic
life
.
T
h
e
o
il
d
er
iv
ativ
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
ca
s
e
i
n
clu
d
e
m
eth
y
l
ester
s
o
f
cr
u
d
e
p
alm
o
il,
an
d
m
eth
y
l
ester
s
o
f
d
is
till
ed
p
al
m
f
atty
ac
id
.
R
h
eo
lo
g
ical
test
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
m
u
d
s
a
m
p
les
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
p
last
ic
v
is
co
s
it
ies
an
d
h
ig
h
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
p
alm
o
il
ester
-
b
ased
m
u
d
s
ca
n
b
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
tr
ea
ted
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
a
d
eq
u
ate
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
in
n
e
r
s
.
Xiao
q
in
g
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
if
ied
n
at
u
r
al
m
ac
r
o
m
o
lecu
le
-
b
ased
f
l
u
id
s
wh
ich
wer
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
ac
ce
p
t
ab
le,
co
m
p
o
s
ed
m
ai
n
ly
o
f
s
h
ale
in
h
ib
ito
r
ag
e
n
ts
,
f
lu
id
lo
s
s
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ag
en
ts
,
b
lo
o
m
less
wh
ite
asp
h
alt,
an
d
d
r
y
p
o
wd
er
s
o
f
p
o
ly
alco
h
o
ls
.
R
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
a
s
er
ies
o
f
test
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
it
h
ad
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
with
s
tan
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
as
h
ig
h
as
2
8
4
an
d
h
a
d
s
tr
o
n
g
in
h
ib
itiv
e
an
d
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
d
am
ag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
a
n
ti
-
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
c
o
u
ld
b
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
la
n
d
an
d
m
a
r
in
e
d
r
illi
n
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
its
u
s
e
d
id
n
o
t a
f
f
ec
t a
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
ca
s
in
g
,
an
d
well
lo
g
g
in
g
f
ield
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
B
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f ru
b
b
er
(
Hea
ve
a
B
r
a
s
ilien
s
is
)
Kn
o
wn
f
o
r
its
lactif
er
o
u
s
sy
s
tem
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
latex
is
e
x
tr
ac
ted
b
y
tap
p
in
g
th
e
tr
u
n
k
,
th
e
r
u
b
b
er
tr
ee
g
r
o
ws
s
o
f
ast
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
d
ee
p
tap
-
r
o
o
ts
.
I
t
h
as
a
s
m
o
o
t
h
an
d
s
tr
aig
h
t
tr
u
n
k
alo
n
g
s
id
e
a
g
r
e
y
is
h
b
ar
k
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
u
b
b
er
tr
ee
b
eg
in
s
f
r
u
it
b
ea
r
i
n
g
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
f
o
u
r
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e
with
ea
ch
f
r
u
it
co
n
t
ain
in
g
th
r
ee
o
r
f
o
u
r
s
ee
d
s
.
On
r
ip
en
in
g
,
th
e
f
r
u
it
s
p
lits
an
d
f
all
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
O
n
th
e
av
er
ag
e,
a
tr
ee
y
ield
s
as
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ch
as
8
0
0
s
ee
d
s
(
1
.
3
k
g
)
twice
y
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r
ly
.
T
h
e
s
ee
d
s
,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
co
n
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is
ts
o
f
a
th
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h
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d
s
h
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an
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T
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I
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2
5
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8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
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h
2
0
2
1
:
47
–
59
50
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
u
b
b
er
(
Hev
ea
b
r
a
s
ilien
s
is
)
s
ee
d
s
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
T
h
e
r
u
b
b
er
tr
ee
is
lar
g
ely
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
tr
o
p
ical
r
ain
f
o
r
e
s
t
o
f
th
e
Am
az
o
n
b
asin
an
d
th
e
Gu
ian
as.
I
t
is
wid
esp
r
ea
d
in
th
e
n
o
r
th
e
r
n
p
ar
t
o
f
So
u
th
Am
e
r
ica
an
d
h
a
v
e
in
later
tim
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ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
So
u
th
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ast
Asi
a
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d
Af
r
ica.
R
u
b
b
er
g
r
o
ws
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est
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etwe
en
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5
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an
d
1
0
°S
an
d
f
r
o
m
s
ea
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el
u
p
to
6
0
0
m
,
with
th
e
o
p
tim
al
altitu
d
e
b
ein
g
b
elo
w
2
0
0
m
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
v
er
y
to
ler
an
t
to
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
o
n
h
ill
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lo
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o
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s
tr
o
n
g
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d
s
.
I
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
w
ell
with
a
d
ay
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
b
etwe
en
2
6
°C
an
d
2
8
°C
,
an
d
with
a
n
n
u
al
r
a
in
f
all
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2000
to
3
0
0
0
m
m
.
T
h
e
R
u
b
b
er
co
u
ld
b
e
p
la
n
ted
in
r
o
ws,
s
q
u
ar
es
an
d
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atter
n
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
lan
d
.
T
h
e
b
est
s
ea
s
o
n
to
cu
ltiv
ate
R
u
b
b
er
h
ap
p
e
n
s
to
b
e
th
e
p
er
io
d
s
b
etwe
en
J
u
n
e
an
d
J
u
ly
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
o
il
wer
e
also
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
B
ello
a
n
d
Otu
[
1
]
a
n
d
th
ese
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
L
o
n
g
er
o
n
et.
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
g
a
v
e
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
test
s
co
m
m
o
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il
-
b
ased
m
u
d
.
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h
e
f
o
llo
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g
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th
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
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.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
o
il
p
h
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s
i
co
-
ch
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P
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o
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1
2
D
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l
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o
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1
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6
Mu
d
d
en
s
ity
Mu
d
d
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n
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ity
s
y
n
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n
y
m
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s
wit
h
m
u
d
weig
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t
is
r
ep
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r
ted
in
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n
its
o
f
lb
m
/g
al,
Kg
/m
3
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r
G/c
m
3
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lb
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t
3
o
r
in
h
y
d
r
o
s
tatic
g
r
a
d
ien
t,
l
b
/in
2
/f
t
(
p
s
i/ft)
o
r
p
p
tf
(
p
s
i/1
0
0
0
f
t)
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
s
tatic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
u
n
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te
d
f
lo
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th
e
wellb
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k
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ctio
n
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e
Mu
d
weig
h
t.
Mu
d
weig
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t
also
p
r
ev
en
ts
co
llap
s
e
o
f
ca
s
in
g
an
d
th
e
o
p
e
n
h
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le.
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
m
u
d
weig
h
t
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
lo
s
t
cir
cu
latio
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b
y
p
r
o
p
a
g
atin
g
,
an
d
th
en
f
illi
n
g
f
r
ac
tu
r
es
in
th
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r
o
c
k
.
Pro
ce
d
u
r
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n
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s
in
g
a
m
u
d
b
alan
ce
t
o
test
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d
weig
h
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
Am
er
ican
Petr
o
leu
m
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
(
API
)
[
1
4
]
.
F
la
s
h
p
o
in
t
Fro
m
[
1
5
]
,
“T
h
e
f
lash
p
o
in
t
i
s
th
e
lo
west
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
at
wh
ich
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
f
lam
e
to
th
e
test
ch
am
b
er
o
f
a
test
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ca
u
s
es
v
ap
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r
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
in
th
e
ch
a
m
b
er
to
ig
n
ite”.
T
h
is
test
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
b
ase
f
lu
id
s
b
ein
g
co
n
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id
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r
e
d
f
o
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e
in
a
s
y
n
t
h
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m
u
d
,
an
o
il
m
u
d
o
r
to
an
y
f
lam
m
ab
le
li
q
u
id
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
ex
p
l
o
s
io
n
h
az
ar
d
e
x
is
ts
.
T
h
e
test
m
et
h
o
d
s
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
b
y
ASTM
an
d
API
in
clu
d
e
clo
s
ed
-
c
u
p
an
d
o
p
en
-
cu
p
test
s
.
P
o
u
r
p
o
in
t
Fro
m
[
1
6
]
,
“T
h
e
t
h
e
p
o
u
r
p
o
in
t
is
th
e
lo
west
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
in
°F
o
r
°C
)
at
wh
ich
a
liq
u
id
r
em
ain
s
p
o
u
r
a
b
le
(
m
ea
n
in
g
it
s
till
b
eh
av
es
as
a
f
lu
id
)
”.
Sy
n
t
h
etic
m
u
d
s
o
r
o
il
with
h
ig
h
p
o
u
r
p
o
i
n
ts
m
ay
s
u
f
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
p
o
o
r
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
a
n
d
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
s
u
r
g
es
in
d
ee
p
wate
r
wells
o
r
o
th
er
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
s
u
b
ject
to
lo
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Ap
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2
2
5
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4
P
erfo
r
ma
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ce
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f ru
b
b
er seed
o
i
l a
s
a
n
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tive
to
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iesel in
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il
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b
a
s
ed
d
r
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g
… (
A
ma
n
z
e
Jo
s
ia
h
Destin
y
)
51
tem
p
er
atu
r
es.
I
n
o
ils
,
th
e
p
o
u
r
p
o
in
t
is
g
e
n
er
ally
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
p
ar
af
f
i
n
c
o
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
p
o
u
r
p
o
in
t
o
f
liq
u
id
ad
d
itiv
es is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t c
o
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
f
o
r
ar
tic
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
A
n
ilin
e
p
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in
t te
s
t
T
h
e
an
ilin
e
p
o
in
t
is
th
e
te
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p
er
atu
r
e
b
elo
w
wh
ich
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o
il
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n
tain
in
g
5
0
%
b
y
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m
e
an
ilin
e
(
C
6
H5
NH2
)
b
ec
o
m
es
clo
u
d
y
[
1
7
]
.
Hig
h
er
ar
o
m
atics
h
av
e
l
o
w
an
ilin
e
p
o
in
t
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
o
cc
u
r
s
in
lo
wer
ar
o
m
atic
co
n
ten
t.
An
An
ilin
e
Po
in
t
b
elo
w
1
2
0
°F
(
4
9
°C
)
f
o
r
Diesel
o
il
i
s
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
r
is
k
y
to
u
s
e
in
OB
M.
T
h
e
API
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
test
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
th
at
ar
e
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Yass
in
et.
al.
[
1
8
]
,
f
o
r
o
il
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
b
ase
f
lu
id
f
o
r
d
r
illi
n
g
m
u
d
,
it h
as
to
m
ee
t
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
:
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
n
-
to
x
ic
an
d
h
av
e
lo
w
a
r
o
m
atic
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
b
ase
o
il m
u
s
t f
o
r
m
a
s
tab
le
em
u
ls
io
n
,
th
e
k
in
em
atic
v
is
co
s
ity
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
as
lo
w
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
is
ten
d
s
to
allo
w
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
OB
M
at
lo
wer
o
il
wate
r
r
atio
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
r
h
eo
l
o
g
y
(
lo
w
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last
ic
v
is
co
s
ity
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esp
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at
a
lo
w
m
u
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
f
lash
p
o
in
t
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
1
0
0
°F
.
Hig
h
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lash
p
o
in
ts
wo
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ld
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in
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ize
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ir
e
h
az
ar
d
s
as
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y
d
r
o
ca
r
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o
n
v
a
p
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r
s
g
e
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er
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is
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p
ec
ted
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
m
u
d
,
it
s
p
o
u
r
p
o
in
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lo
w
er
th
an
th
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
to
allo
w
f
o
r
p
u
m
p
a
b
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y
o
f
m
u
d
f
r
o
m
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
s
an
d
its
an
ilin
e
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
th
e
o
il
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
b
o
v
e
6
5
°C
(
1
4
9
°F
)
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
r
u
b
b
er
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
n
th
e
r
ig
.
V
is
co
s
ity
Fro
m
[
1
9
]
,
“T
h
e
v
is
co
s
ity
o
f
a
f
lu
id
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
it
s
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
to
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
v
is
co
s
ity
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
s
ev
e
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
u
d
d
en
s
ity
,
h
o
le
s
ize,
p
u
m
p
in
g
r
ate,
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ate,
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
an
d
h
o
ld
p
r
o
b
lem
s
”.
F
lu
id
lo
s
s
Fro
m
[
2
0
]
,
“
F
lu
id
lo
s
s
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
lea
k
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
liq
u
id
p
h
ase
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
illi
n
g
f
lu
i
d
,
s
lu
r
r
y
o
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
lu
id
co
n
tain
in
g
s
o
li
d
p
ar
ticles
in
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
b
u
ild
u
p
o
f
s
o
lid
m
ater
ial
o
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2
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p
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Ap
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1
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2
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1
:
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–
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52
2.
RE
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ater
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6
c
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m
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s)
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n
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t
:
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s
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v
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a
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.
2
.
1
.
P
ro
cure
m
ent
a
nd
prepa
ra
t
io
n o
f
s
ee
d
T
h
e
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
s
wer
e
co
llect
ed
f
r
o
m
a
R
u
b
b
er
Plan
tatio
n
l
o
ca
ted
in
I
tu
L
o
ca
l
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t;
Ak
wa
I
b
o
m
State
s
itu
ated
in
th
e
So
u
th
er
n
p
ar
t o
f
Nig
e
r
ia.
T
h
e
s
ee
d
s
wer
e
f
ir
s
t d
ec
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r
ticated
m
an
u
ally
to
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ep
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ate
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e
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er
n
els
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r
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m
th
e
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h
e
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ated
k
e
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n
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illed
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f
o
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f
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tr
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n
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h
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lak
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u
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r
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d
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e
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en
o
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in
Fig
u
r
e
2
at
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o
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5
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gr
in
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(
a)
b
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b
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d
in
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2
.
O
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m r
ub
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T
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s
e
it
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
a
b
en
ef
icial
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
s
o
lid
-
liq
u
id
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
ield
s
s
u
ch
as
p
h
ar
m
ac
eu
ticals,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
tu
f
f
s
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
r
u
b
b
e
r
s
ee
d
s
weig
h
in
g
1
0
k
g
was
m
e
asu
r
ed
an
d
tied
in
a
f
ilter
p
a
p
er
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
an
d
lo
a
d
ed
in
to
th
e
s
o
h
x
let
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ab
o
u
t
5
0
0
m
L
o
f
n
-
h
ex
a
n
e
was
th
en
p
o
u
r
e
d
in
to
th
e
r
o
u
n
d
b
o
tto
m
f
lask
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
h
ea
tin
g
m
an
tle
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
h
ea
tin
g
m
an
tle
was
th
en
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
to
h
ea
t
to
6
0
°C
(
1
4
0
°F
)
.
T
h
is
allo
wed
th
e
s
o
l
v
en
t
to
b
e
h
ea
ted
t
o
r
ef
lu
x
w
h
ile
th
e
s
o
lv
en
t
v
ap
o
r
tr
a
v
elled
u
p
th
e
d
is
till
atio
n
ar
m
an
d
f
lo
o
d
e
d
i
n
to
th
e
ch
am
b
er
h
o
u
s
in
g
th
e
th
im
b
le
o
f
th
e
r
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
is
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
a
n
y
s
o
lv
e
n
t
v
a
p
o
r
co
o
ls
an
d
d
r
ip
s
b
ac
k
d
o
wn
in
t
o
th
e
ch
am
b
er
h
o
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
p
les.
T
h
e
ch
am
b
er
co
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
s
am
p
les
was
n
o
w
s
l
o
wly
f
illed
with
th
e
war
m
n
-
h
ex
an
e.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
(
R
u
b
b
er
O
il
in
th
is
ca
s
e)
was
th
e
n
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
war
m
s
o
lv
en
t.
W
h
en
alm
o
s
t
f
u
ll,
th
e
So
h
x
l
et
ch
am
b
e
r
was
au
to
m
at
ically
em
p
tied
b
y
a
s
ip
h
o
n
s
id
e
ar
m
with
th
e
s
o
lv
en
t
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
b
ac
k
d
o
wn
to
th
e
d
is
till
atio
n
f
lask
.
T
h
e
wh
o
le
c
y
cle
was
r
ep
ea
ted
u
n
til
th
e
liq
u
id
in
th
e
f
lask
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
in
c
o
lo
r
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
.
At
th
is
p
o
in
t,
a
s
team
b
ath
w
as
th
en
u
s
ed
t
o
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
f
lu
id
m
ix
tu
r
e
(
n
-
h
e
x
an
e
a
n
d
R
u
b
b
er
o
il)
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
co
llected
in
a
g
lass
b
ea
k
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f ru
b
b
er seed
o
i
l a
s
a
n
a
lter
n
a
tive
to
d
iesel in
o
il
-
b
a
s
ed
d
r
illi
n
g
… (
A
ma
n
z
e
Jo
s
ia
h
Destin
y
)
53
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
u
b
b
er
s
ee
d
s
tied
in
f
ilter
p
ap
er
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
So
x
h
let
ex
tr
ac
to
r
2
.
3
.
M
ud
prepa
ra
t
io
n
T
h
e
m
u
d
was
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
in
two
s
tag
es;
o
n
e
wh
ic
h
in
v
o
lv
ed
D
iesel
o
il
&
an
o
th
er
with
R
u
b
b
er
o
il.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
API
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
2
5
g
b
en
to
n
ite
to
3
5
0
m
L
b
ase
f
lu
id
f
o
r
n
o
n
tr
ea
te
d
b
en
to
n
ite.
T
h
e
two
m
u
d
s
am
p
les
wer
e
th
u
s
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
in
ea
c
h
f
lu
id
.
T
h
e
o
il
-
wate
r
r
atio
u
s
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
th
e
m
u
d
was 7
0
to
3
0
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
u
s
ed
in
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
th
e
m
u
d
f
o
r
eith
er
ca
s
e;
a.
E
m
u
ls
if
ier
was a
d
d
ed
to
2
4
5
m
l o
f
b
ase
o
il a
n
d
b
le
n
d
f
o
r
te
n
m
in
u
tes.
b.
0
.
1
0
g
o
f
f
ilter
lo
s
s
ag
en
t CMC
was a
d
d
ed
an
d
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
was sti
r
r
ed
f
o
r
an
o
t
h
er
f
iv
e
m
i
n
u
tes.
c.
105
m
l
o
f
wate
r
was
ad
d
e
d
to
th
e
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ab
o
v
e
a
n
d
s
tirr
ed
f
o
r
f
if
teen
m
in
u
tes.
d.
25
g
o
f
b
e
n
to
n
ite
was a
d
d
e
d
a
n
d
s
tirr
ed
f
o
r
ex
t
r
a
f
iv
e
m
i
n
u
t
es.
e.
0
.
2
5
g
o
f
NAOH
was a
d
d
ed
a
n
d
s
tirr
ed
also
f
o
r
f
iv
e
m
in
u
te
s
.
f.
T
h
e
m
u
d
was a
llo
wed
to
ag
e
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
.
g.
10
g
o
f
b
a
r
ite
was a
d
d
ed
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
m
u
d
an
d
s
tirr
ed
f
o
r
1
0
m
in
u
tes.
2
.
4
.
Det
er
m
ini
ng
m
ud
dens
it
y
B
ef
o
r
e
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
m
u
d
d
en
s
ity
,
ca
lib
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
u
d
b
alan
ce
was
f
ir
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
u
d
weig
h
t.
T
est Pr
o
ce
d
u
r
e
a.
T
h
e
m
u
d
b
alan
ce
was
f
ir
s
t
ca
l
ib
r
ated
with
wate
r
a
n
d
it
was
en
s
u
r
ed
t
h
at
th
e
r
id
e
r
was
s
et
o
n
8
.
3
3
wh
en
th
e
lev
el
v
ial
was c
en
ter
ed
.
b.
Af
ter
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
th
e
wate
r
in
th
e
cu
p
was r
ep
lace
d
with
th
e
m
u
d
to
b
e
test
ed
.
c.
T
h
e
cu
p
’
s
li
d
was
r
o
tated
u
n
til
f
ir
m
ly
s
ea
ted
,
m
ak
i
n
g
s
u
r
e
s
o
m
e
m
u
d
was
ex
p
elled
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
p
en
in
g
in
th
e
cu
p
.
d.
T
h
e
ex
p
elled
m
u
d
was
th
e
n
wip
ed
.
e.
T
h
e
b
alan
ce
a
r
m
was p
lace
d
o
n
th
e
b
ase,
with
th
e
k
n
if
e
-
e
d
g
e
r
esti
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
f
u
lcr
u
m
.
f.
T
h
e
r
id
er
was m
o
v
ed
u
n
til th
e
g
r
ad
u
ated
ar
m
was h
o
r
izo
n
tal
as in
d
icate
d
o
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
th
e
b
ea
m
.
g.
T
h
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
m
u
d
i
n
p
o
u
n
d
s
/g
allo
n
s
(
p
p
g
)
was
r
ea
d
at
th
e
r
id
er
’
s
lef
t
-
h
an
d
ed
g
e,
with
o
u
t
d
is
tu
r
b
in
g
th
e
r
id
er
.
h.
T
h
e
m
u
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
d
e
n
s
ity
was n
o
ted
d
o
wn
.
2
.
5
.
Det
er
m
ini
ng
m
ud
v
is
co
s
it
y
Fo
r
r
o
u
tin
e
Field
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
,
th
e
m
ar
s
h
f
u
n
n
el
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
v
is
co
s
ity
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
m
u
d
.
I
n
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
th
e
f
a
n
n
V
-
G
m
et
er
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
v
is
co
s
ity
,
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
,
p
last
ic
v
is
co
s
ity
,
an
d
y
ield
p
o
in
t.
2
.
6
.
G
el
s
t
re
ng
t
h det
er
m
ina
t
io
n
T
h
e
m
u
d
s
am
p
le
was
f
ir
s
t
s
tirr
ed
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
at
6
0
0
r
p
m
b
ef
o
r
e
d
eter
m
in
in
g
its
g
el
s
tr
e
n
g
th
.
T
h
en
th
e
R
PM
k
n
o
b
was
tu
r
n
ed
t
o
STOP
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
r
est
tim
e
(
1
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
was
waited
.
T
h
e
R
PM
k
n
o
b
was
th
en
s
witch
ed
t
o
th
e
g
el
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ef
l
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ial
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
Gel
b
r
ea
k
s
was
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
as
th
e
1
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
in
lb
/1
0
0
f
t
2
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
two
s
tep
s
wer
e
r
ep
ea
ted
a
n
d
th
en
allo
wed
f
o
r
1
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
e
R
PM
k
n
o
b
was
s
wi
tch
ed
to
th
e
g
el
p
o
s
it
io
n
an
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ef
lect
io
n
o
f
th
e
d
ial
was
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
g
el
b
r
ea
k
s
,
as th
e
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
i
n
lb
/1
0
0
f
t
2
was r
ec
o
r
d
ed
as 1
0
m
in
u
tes
g
el.
2
.
7
.
Yield
po
int
a
nd
pla
s
t
ic
v
is
co
s
it
y
T
h
e
Fan
n
V
-
G
v
is
co
m
eter
wa
s
ef
f
icien
t
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
y
ield
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
p
last
ic
v
is
co
s
i
ty
o
f
th
e
m
u
d
s
am
p
les.
T
h
e
Fan
n
V
-
G
m
eter
cu
p
was
f
illed
to
th
e
3
5
0
cc
p
o
s
itio
n
(
th
is
is
also
th
e
b
ar
r
el
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
: 2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
1
:
47
–
59
54
v
o
lu
m
e)
with
f
r
esh
ly
ag
itated
s
am
p
le
an
d
p
lace
t
h
e
cu
p
o
n
th
e
m
o
v
ea
b
le
wo
r
k
tab
le.
T
h
e
tab
le
was
th
en
ad
ju
s
ted
u
n
til
m
u
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wa
s
at
th
e
s
cr
ib
ed
lin
e
o
n
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
s
leev
e.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
was
s
tar
ted
b
y
p
lacin
g
th
e
s
witch
in
th
e
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
p
o
s
itio
n
with
th
e
s
h
if
t
to
th
e
lef
t.
T
h
is
was
tak
en
as
th
e
6
0
0
R
PM
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
e
6
0
0
R
PM
r
ea
d
in
g
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
y
waitin
g
f
o
r
a
s
tead
y
in
d
icato
r
d
ial
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
,
an
d
(
4
)
was
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
v
alu
es.
Plas
tic
Vi
s
co
s
ity
(
PV)
in
ce
n
tip
o
is
e
=
ϴ
600
–
ϴ
300
(
2
)
Yield
Valu
e
ϴ
300
–
PV
(
3
)
Ap
p
ar
en
t v
is
co
s
ity
=
ϴ
600
2
(
4
)
2
.
8
.
M
ud
f
iltr
a
t
e
a
nd
wa
ll bui
l
di
ng
ca
k
e
det
er
m
ina
t
io
n
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es wa
s
u
s
ed
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t Static
f
iltra
tio
n
test
:
a.
T
h
e
m
u
d
ce
ll wa
s
d
etac
h
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ilter
p
r
ess
f
r
am
e.
I
m
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
p
r
ess
is
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
b.
T
h
e
f
ilter
ce
ll’s b
o
tto
m
was r
em
o
v
ed
a
n
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
f
ilter
p
ap
er
s
ize
was p
lace
d
in
th
e
ce
ll b
o
tto
m
.
c.
T
h
e
m
u
d
to
b
e
test
ed
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
th
e
cu
p
ass
em
b
ly
a
n
d
th
e
f
ilter
p
ap
er
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
was p
u
t o
n
t
o
p
o
f
m
u
d
tig
h
ten
s
cr
ew
clam
p
.
d.
W
ith
th
e
air
p
r
ess
u
r
e
v
al
v
e
cl
o
s
ed
,
th
e
m
u
d
cu
p
ass
em
b
ly
was
clam
p
ed
to
th
e
f
r
am
e
wh
ile
th
e
f
iltra
te
o
u
tlet e
n
d
was f
in
g
er
tig
h
t
h
eld
.
e.
A
g
r
ad
u
ated
cy
lin
d
e
r
w
as p
lace
d
u
n
d
er
n
ea
th
t
o
co
llect
f
iltra
t
e.
f.
Air
p
r
ess
u
r
e
v
alv
e
was o
p
e
n
ed
an
d
tim
in
g
was star
ted
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
g.
T
h
e
cu
b
ic
ce
n
tim
eter
s
o
f
f
iltra
te
co
llected
was r
ep
o
r
ted
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
ter
v
als u
p
to
3
0
m
in
u
tes.
h.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
tab
u
lated
in
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
t
ab
le.
i.
All
p
r
ess
u
r
es
wer
e
r
elea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
ll.
T
h
e
C
O
2
p
r
ess
u
r
izin
g
ass
em
b
ly
was
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
ll
ca
p
.
T
h
e
r
elief
v
alv
e
was
p
u
ll
ed
o
u
t
an
d
th
e
T
-
s
cr
ew
was
s
l
o
wly
o
p
en
e
d
to
allo
w
a
n
y
r
em
ain
in
g
p
r
ess
u
r
e
to
escap
e.
T
h
e
em
p
ty
C
O
2
ca
r
tr
id
g
e
was d
is
ca
r
d
ed
.
j.
T
h
e
ce
ll wa
s
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
am
e
an
d
it wa
s
d
is
ass
em
b
led
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
m
u
d
was d
is
ca
r
d
ed
.
k.
T
h
e
f
ilter
p
ap
e
r
an
d
th
e
d
e
p
o
s
ited
ca
k
e
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
av
ed
.
Gen
tle
wate
r
s
tr
ea
m
was
th
en
u
s
ed
to
wip
e
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
f
ilter
ca
k
e
o
n
th
e
p
a
p
er
.
l.
T
h
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
th
e
f
iltra
te
c
ak
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
to
th
e
n
ea
r
est
1
/
3
2
"
(
0
.
8
m
m
)
u
s
in
g
a
s
teel
r
u
le.
Acc
ep
tab
le
ca
k
e
th
ick
n
es
s
is
u
s
u
ally
less
th
an
2
/3
2
".
m.
T
h
e
ca
k
e’
s
q
u
ality
,
s
o
f
tn
ess
,
to
u
g
h
n
ess
,
h
ar
d
n
ess
,
f
ir
m
n
ess
,
r
u
b
b
er
in
ess
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
s
lick
n
ess
an
d
s
p
o
n
g
in
es
s
o
f
th
e
m
u
d
s
am
p
le
was o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
API
fi
lter
p
r
ess
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fil
ter
ca
k
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
th
e
two
f
o
r
m
u
lated
m
u
d
s
2
.
9
.
H
y
dro
g
en
I
o
n
co
ncent
ra
t
io
n
(
pH
)
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Hy
d
r
o
g
en
io
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
was
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
H
m
eter
.
T
h
e
p
H
m
eter
d
eter
m
in
es
Hy
d
r
o
g
en
io
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
b
y
m
e
asu
r
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
p
o
ten
tial
d
if
f
er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
d
ial
r
ea
d
in
g
i
n
d
icate
s
th
e
p
H
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le.
Fo
r
ac
c
u
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t o
f
p
H,
th
e
p
H
m
eter
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
ab
le
5
is
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
io
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
b
o
th
Diesel
an
d
R
u
b
b
er
o
il.
Af
ter
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
r
u
b
b
e
r
OB
M,
th
e
v
is
co
m
eter
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
d
was
to
o
h
ig
h
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
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I
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Ap
p
l Sci
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2
5
2
-
8
8
1
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erfo
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ma
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f ru
b
b
er seed
o
i
l a
s
a
n
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lter
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tive
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iesel in
o
il
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a
s
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r
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g
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A
ma
n
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Jo
s
ia
h
Destin
y
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55
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m
eter
an
d
h
en
ce
1
0
m
L
o
f
th
i
n
n
er
was
a
d
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ed
to
r
e
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u
ce
th
e
m
u
d
v
is
co
s
ity
to
co
m
p
ar
e
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
d
iesel
OB
M.
T
h
e
v
is
co
m
eter
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
iesel
OB
M
an
d
r
u
b
b
er
OB
M
to
wh
ich
th
e
t
h
in
n
er
was
ad
d
ed
is
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
6
.
T
a
b
le
6
s
h
o
ws
d
iesel
an
d
r
u
b
b
er
OB
M
al
m
o
s
t
h
av
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
r
h
eo
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
with
s
lig
h
t d
is
cr
ep
an
cies.
T
ab
le
5
.
Diesel a
n
d
r
u
b
b
e
r
o
il
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
tie
s
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
D
i
e
se
l
o
i
l
R
u
b
b
e
r
o
i
l
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
f
o
r
m
Li
q
u
i
d
Li
q
u
i
d
D
e
n
si
t
y
a
t
2
5
8
3
0
k
g
/
m
3
9
1
0
k
g
/
m
3
S
o
l
u
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
I
mm
i
sci
b
l
e
I
mm
i
sci
b
l
e
F
l
a
s
h
p
o
i
n
t
70
1
6
5
C
l
o
u
d
p
o
i
n
t
-
9
25
K
i
n
e
mat
i
c
v
i
sc
o
si
t
y
6
7
4
.
3
1
P
o
u
r
p
o
i
n
t
-
18
18
T
ab
le
6
.
Vis
co
m
eter
r
ea
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
m
u
d
s
am
p
les af
ter
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
in
n
e
r
to
r
u
b
b
e
r
OB
M
S
p
e
e
d
D
i
e
se
l
o
i
l
R
u
b
b
e
r
o
i
l
(
r
p
m)
D
i
a
l
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
S
h
e
a
r
st
r
e
ss
D
i
a
l
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
S
h
e
a
r
st
r
e
ss
600
1
8
0
1
9
0
.
8
0
1
7
0
1
8
0
.
2
0
300
1
6
3
1
7
2
.
7
8
1
5
8
1
6
7
.
4
8
200
1
3
0
1
3
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0
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2
6
1
3
3
.
5
6
100
70
7
4
.
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0
65
6
8
.
9
0
6
59
6
2
.
5
43
4
5
.
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8
3
37
3
9
.
2
2
29
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0
.
7
4
T
a
b
l
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
u
d
r
h
e
o
l
o
g
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c
a
l
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
v
a
l
u
e
s
wi
t
h
r
u
b
b
e
r
O
B
M
h
a
v
i
n
g
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
g
e
l
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
t
h
a
n
d
i
e
s
e
l
O
B
M
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
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r
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t
r
e
s
s
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s
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e
a
r
r
a
te
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r
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i
l
e
f
o
r
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i
es
e
l
a
n
d
r
u
b
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e
r
OB
Ms
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
i
s
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h
e
g
r
a
p
h
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
e
l
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
d
i
e
s
e
l
a
n
d
r
u
b
b
e
r
O
B
Ms
.
T
a
b
l
e
8
a
n
d
T
a
b
l
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
d
i
e
s
e
l
O
B
M
a
n
d
r
u
b
b
e
r
O
B
M
w
h
e
n
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
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o
f
6
0
℃
a
n
d
7
5
℃
.
A
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
,
r
u
b
b
e
r
O
B
M
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
t
h
a
n
d
i
es
e
l
O
B
M
w
i
t
h
e
l
e
v
at
e
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
n
a
s
s
h
e
a
r
s
t
r
es
s
-
s
h
e
a
r
r
a
te
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
f
o
r
d
i
e
s
e
l
a
n
d
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
h
e
a
r
s
t
r
es
s
-
s
h
e
a
r
r
a
t
e
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
f
o
r
d
i
e
s
e
l
a
n
d
r
u
b
b
e
r
O
B
M
a
t
7
5
℃
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sh
ea
r
s
tr
ess
-
s
h
ea
r
r
ate
p
r
o
f
ile
f
o
r
d
iesel
an
d
r
u
b
b
er
OB
Ms
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Diesel a
n
d
r
u
b
b
er
O
B
Ms
g
el
s
tr
en
g
th
T
ab
le
7
.
Mu
d
r
h
e
o
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
v
alu
e
M
u
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
D
i
e
se
l
o
i
l
R
u
b
b
e
r
o
i
l
G
e
l
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
(
l
b
/
1
0
0
f
t
2
)
6
5
/
6
7
6
8
/
6
9
P
l
a
st
i
c
v
i
sc
o
si
t
y
(
c
p
)
17
12
Y
i
e
l
d
p
o
i
n
t
(
l
b
/
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