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Fac
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Un
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A
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m
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1.
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e
m
aj
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s
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d
5
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f
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m
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v
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a
f
e
w
d
a
y
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w
ith
o
u
t
w
at
er
[
1
]
.
I
t
p
r
ev
en
ts
d
eh
y
d
r
at
io
n
[
1
]
.
A
d
o
lescen
ce
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a
g
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o
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p
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f
ag
e
th
at
ex
p
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k
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g
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cl
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e
alth
p
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m
[
2
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.
Hea
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eh
a
v
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m
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g
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g
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n
s
u
m
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w
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s
[3
-
5]
.
S
w
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it
[
6
]
.
Sh
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f
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ta
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s
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r
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k
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ail
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ag
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[
7
]
.
Kid
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s
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-
co
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lar
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[
8
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m
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d
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w
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tio
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p
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m
e
s
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h
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d
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n
g
w
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ter
.
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d
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d
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1
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[
9
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.
So
m
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[2
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3
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10]
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Am
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[
1
1
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T
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Deh
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So
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elate
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a
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ase,
an
d
also
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m
etab
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s
[
1
2
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.
T
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tu
d
ie
s
m
e
n
t
io
n
ed
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
w
ater
d
r
in
k
in
g
w
ater
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
w
ater
a
m
o
n
g
ad
o
lesce
n
ts
i
n
s
ch
o
o
l
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
o
m
e
s
o
cio
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
a
n
d
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
[3
,
13]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
ad
o
lesce
n
t
ab
o
u
t th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
an
d
th
eir
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
w
ater
to
w
ar
d
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
ir
u
r
in
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
is
a
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
t
u
d
y
to
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t
to
w
ar
d
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cia
l
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
m
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
e
m
es
ter
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lt
h
f
ac
u
lt
y
i
n
a
p
r
iv
a
te
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
er
e
ch
o
s
en
a
s
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
y
g
e
t
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ab
o
u
t
b
io
m
ed
ical
in
ter
m
o
f
t
h
eo
r
y
al
s
o
p
r
ac
tical.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
ac
ti
v
el
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
to
p
ar
ti
cip
ate
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
T
o
tal
s
am
p
li
n
g
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
287
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
s
t
u
d
en
ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
w
er
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lt
h
Or
g
a
n
izati
o
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
o
cial
r
o
le
to
w
ar
d
s
d
r
in
k
in
g
w
at
er
b
eh
av
io
r
,
t
h
e
h
ab
it
o
f
th
e
a
d
o
lescen
t
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
u
r
in
e.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
as
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
Hea
l
th
B
elie
f
Mo
d
el
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
is
th
eo
r
y
a
p
p
lied
to
ex
p
lain
w
h
at
ad
o
lescen
t
s
t
h
i
n
k
ab
o
u
t
t
h
eir
s
o
ci
al
cir
cle
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
w
ater
an
d
also
e
x
p
la
in
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
ad
o
les
ce
n
ts
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
wate
r
to
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
u
r
in
e,
a
n
d
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
to
m
a
in
ta
in
t
h
eir
h
ea
lth
k
id
n
e
y
to
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
co
lo
r
o
f
u
r
in
e
[
1
5
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
s
o
m
e
s
it
u
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
o
n
d
r
in
k
w
ater
in
a
d
a
y
.
So
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
s
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
n
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
k
ee
p
th
e
ir
h
ea
lt
h
y
k
id
n
e
y
b
y
d
r
in
k
w
ater
r
o
u
tin
el
y
b
u
t
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
d
r
in
k
w
ater
co
r
r
elate
to
th
e
h
ab
it
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
an
d
also
th
eir
u
r
i
n
e
co
lo
u
r
.
3
.
1
.
So
cio
de
m
o
g
ra
ph
ic
o
f
t
he
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
h
er
e
ar
e
2
8
7
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
Ma
j
o
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
f
e
m
ale
(
8
4
%)
an
d
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
1
6
% a
r
e
m
ale.
R
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
h
av
e
h
ab
it o
f
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
w
ater
≥
g
lass
e
s
ea
c
h
d
a
y
ar
e
2
4
%.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
eh
a
v
e
to
k
ee
p
th
eir
k
id
n
e
y
h
ea
lt
h
as
m
an
y
5
6
%
an
d
5
4
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
av
e
t
h
e
u
n
h
y
d
r
ated
u
r
i
n
e
co
lo
r
.
T
h
e
s
o
cio
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
T
ab
le
1
T
ab
le
1
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
s
o
cio
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s o
f
t
h
e
R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
n
)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
S
e
x
F
e
mal
e
2
4
2
84
M
a
l
e
45
16
R
o
l
e
o
f
f
a
t
h
e
r
o
n
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
R
i
s
k
y
83
29
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
2
0
4
71
R
o
l
e
o
f
mo
t
h
e
r
o
n
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
R
i
s
k
y
51
18
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
2
3
6
82
R
o
l
e
o
f
si
b
l
i
n
g
o
n
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
R
i
s
k
y
1
7
0
59
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
1
1
7
41
R
o
l
e
o
f
f
r
i
e
n
d
s o
n
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
R
i
s
k
y
1
8
6
65
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
1
0
1
35
H
a
b
i
t
o
f
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
R
i
s
k
y
(
<
8
g
l
a
sse
s/
d
a
y
46
46
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
(
≥
8
g
l
a
sse
s/
d
a
y
)
54
54
B
e
h
a
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t
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p
k
i
d
n
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y
h
e
a
l
t
h
R
i
s
k
y
1
2
6
44
N
o
t
R
i
s
k
y
1
6
1
56
T
h
e
C
o
l
o
r
o
f
U
r
i
n
e
U
n
h
y
d
r
a
t
e
d
w
e
l
l
1
5
5
54
H
y
d
r
a
t
e
d
w
e
l
l
1
3
2
46
T
o
t
a
l
2
8
7
1
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
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8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
3
7
4
-
3
7
8
376
3
.
2
.
T
he
perc
eiv
ed
o
f
s
o
cia
l e
nv
iro
n
m
e
nta
l’
s
ro
le
s
urro
un
d t
he
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
(
8
3
.
2
%)
p
er
ce
iv
ed
th
at
t
h
eir
m
o
th
er
h
as
a
n
ex
ce
l
l
en
t
r
o
le
i
n
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
t
h
e
m
to
d
r
in
k
wate
r
.
A
s
m
a
n
y
as
2
0
0
(
7
1
.
8
%)
ad
o
lescen
ts
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
th
at
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
g
o
o
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
th
at
th
eir
f
at
h
er
s
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
m
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
p
er
ce
iv
ed
th
at
s
ib
li
n
g
s
(
5
7
.
6
%)
an
d
f
r
ien
d
s
(
6
4
.
4
%)
h
av
e
a
b
ad
en
co
u
r
ag
e
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
.
So
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
’
b
eh
a
v
io
r
to
im
p
l
y
s
o
m
e
ac
ti
v
itie
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
cial
asp
ec
ts
d
escr
ib
e
th
at
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
to
d
o
an
ac
tiv
it
y
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
d
r
in
k
w
ater
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
r
b
en
ef
it
t
h
e
y
w
ill
g
et
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
b
u
il
t
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
th
at
p
ar
en
t
s
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
en
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
m
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
.
P
ar
en
ts
as
t
h
e
r
o
le
m
o
d
el
at
h
o
m
e
h
a
v
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
t
h
eir
ch
ild
r
en
.
A
s
tu
d
y
m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
th
at
p
ar
en
ts
b
ec
o
m
e
a
u
s
u
al
b
ar
r
ier
in
ter
m
s
o
f
li
m
it
in
g
th
e
s
w
ee
ten
ed
w
ater
o
f
o
th
er
s
w
ee
t
m
ea
ls
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lack
o
f
r
o
le
m
o
d
elin
g
.
C
h
ild
r
en
w
il
l
s
ee
an
d
co
p
y
w
h
at
p
ar
en
ts
d
id
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
(
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ea
ti
n
g
a
n
d
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
lif
e
s
t
y
le,
an
d
attit
u
d
e
t
h
at
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
n
o
r
m
o
f
a
f
a
m
il
y
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
t
er
esti
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
;
ad
o
lesce
n
ts
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
th
at
ar
e
ch
an
g
in
g
in
b
io
lo
g
ical,
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical,
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
f
ee
l
in
ti
m
ate
w
i
th
t
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asal
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
d
p
H
b
ec
au
s
e
w
ater
i
s
a
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
ac
h
in
e
o
f
o
x
y
g
e
n
,
g
lu
co
s
e,
s
o
d
iu
m
,
a
n
d
also
p
o
tas
s
iu
m
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
[
9
,
27]
.
T
h
e
co
lo
u
r
o
f
t
h
e
u
r
in
e
w
ill
b
e
th
e
s
i
g
n
th
a
t t
h
e
b
o
d
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
h
y
d
r
ated
[
2
8
-
30]
.
4.
C
O
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
s
ib
li
n
g
s
an
d
f
r
ien
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
h
av
e
th
e
g
o
o
d
r
o
le
in
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
d
r
in
k
w
ater
s
i
m
u
ltan
e
it
y
p
er
d
ay
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
a
b
ad
h
ab
it o
f
tr
ea
tin
g
t
h
eir
h
e
alth
k
id
n
e
y
.
I
t is e
v
id
en
t
th
at
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
h
a
v
e
a
u
r
i
n
e
co
lo
r
th
a
t
ten
d
s
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
w
h
ich
i
s
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
u
n
h
ea
l
th
y
u
r
in
e.
T
h
e
l
i
m
itatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
d
r
in
k
w
ater
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t p
e
r
d
ay
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
Au
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
Un
iv
er
s
i
tas
A
h
m
ad
Dah
la
n
w
h
ic
h
h
ad
f
u
l
l
y
f
u
n
d
ed
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
its
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B.
M
.
P
o
p
k
in
,
K.
E
.
D’A
n
c
i,
a
n
d
I.
H.
R
o
se
n
b
e
rg
,
“
W
a
ter,
h
y
d
ra
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
,
”
Nu
tr.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
-
4
5
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
J.
D.
S
to
o
k
e
y
a
n
d
J.
Kö
n
ig
,
“
De
sc
rib
in
g
w
a
ter
in
tak
e
in
six
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s:
re
su
lt
s
o
f
L
iq
.
In
7
su
rv
e
y
s
,
2
0
1
5
–
2
0
1
8
,
”
Eu
r.
J
.
N
u
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
5
-
4
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
S
.
P
a
rk
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
L
o
w
Drin
k
in
g
Wate
r
In
tak
e
a
m
o
n
g
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts:
T
h
e
F
lo
ri
d
a
Yo
u
t
h
P
h
y
sic
a
l
A
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Nu
tri
ti
o
n
S
u
rv
e
y
,
2
0
0
7
,
”
J
.
Am.
Die
t.
Asso
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
1
-
1
2
1
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
E.
L
.
Ke
n
n
e
y
,
S
.
L
.
G
o
rt
m
a
k
e
r,
J
.
E.
Ca
rter,
M
.
C.
W
.
Ho
w
e
,
J.
F
.
Re
in
e
r,
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
Cra
d
o
c
k
,
“
G
r
a
b
a
c
u
p
,
f
il
l
it
u
p
!
a
n
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
1
o
f
d
rin
k
in
g
w
a
ter
a
n
d
in
c
re
a
se
stu
d
e
n
t
w
a
t
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
d
u
ri
n
g
sc
h
o
o
l
lu
n
c
h
,
”
Am.
J
.
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
7
-
1
7
8
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
A
.
L
.
Be
c
k
,
E.
M
.
Itu
rra
l
d
e
,
J.
Ha
y
a
-
F
ish
e
r,
S
.
Kim
,
V
.
Ke
e
to
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
F
e
rn
a
n
d
e
z
,
“
Ba
rriers
a
n
d
f
a
c
il
it
a
to
rs
to
h
e
a
lt
h
y
e
a
ti
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
lo
w
-
in
c
o
m
e
L
a
ti
n
o
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts,”
Ap
p
e
ti
te
,
v
o
l.
1
3
8
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
-
2
2
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
X
.
Zh
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Da
il
y
in
tak
e
o
f
s
o
f
t
d
rin
k
s
is
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
a
n
x
iet
y
a
n
d
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
in
Ch
in
e
se
ad
o
les
c
e
n
ts,”
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
N
u
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
5
3
-
2
5
6
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
R.
K.
Da
sa
r,
Pre
se
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
Pri
n
c
ip
les
o
f
B
a
sic
He
a
lt
h
Res
e
a
rc
h
R
e
su
lt
s
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
D.
Ku
sw
e
n
d
a
,
“
He
a
lt
h
y
L
i
v
in
g
Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
-
Re
a
l
Ac
ti
o
n
f
o
r
He
a
lt
h
y
L
i
v
in
g
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,”
W
a
r.
Ke
sm
a
s
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
0
6
-
0
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
J.
P
.
Blo
c
k
,
M
.
W
.
G
il
lma
n
,
S
.
K
.
L
in
a
k
is,
a
n
d
R.
E.
G
o
ld
m
a
n
,
“
I
f
it
tas
tes
g
o
o
d
,
i’m
d
rin
k
in
g
it
’:
Q
u
a
li
tativ
e
stu
d
y
o
f
b
e
v
e
ra
g
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts,”
J
.
A
d
o
les
c
.
He
a
l
.
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
2
-
7
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
A
.
M
e
g
a
Ku
m
a
l
a
,
A
.
M
a
rg
a
wa
ti
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ra
h
a
d
iy
a
n
ti
,
“
Re
latio
n
sh
ip
Be
tw
e
e
n
th
e
Du
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
Us
in
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
De
v
ice
s
(
G
a
d
g
e
ts),
P
h
y
sic
a
l
A
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Die
t
w
it
h
Nu
tri
ti
o
n
a
l
S
tatu
s
i
n
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts
Ag
e
d
1
3
-
1
5
y
e
a
rs
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Nu
tr.
Co
ll
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
3
–
8
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
E.
S
.
S
u
d
a
rso
n
o
,
S
.
Nu
r
o
h
m
i,
A
.
Y.
Da
m
a
y
a
n
ti
,
a
n
d
D.
S
a
ri,
“
Re
l
a
ti
o
n
sh
i
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
lev
e
l
o
f
h
y
d
ra
ti
o
n
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
w
it
h
to
tal
f
lu
id
in
tak
e
o
n
tee
n
a
g
e
g
irl
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
),
”
Da
ru
ss
a
la
m N
u
trit
io
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
50
–
54
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
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7
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7
8
378
[1
2
]
J.
W
a
rre
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
th
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
to
tal
f
lu
id
in
tak
e
in
c
h
il
d
re
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
s:
a
d
isc
u
ss
io
n
p
a
p
e
r,
”
Eu
r.
J
.
Nu
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
3
-
5
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
L.
A
.
V
é
z
in
a
-
Im
a
n
d
D.
Be
a
u
li
e
u
,
“
De
ter
m
in
a
n
ts
a
n
d
I
n
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
t
o
P
r
o
m
o
te
W
a
ter
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
Am
o
n
g
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts:
A
R
e
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
Re
c
e
n
t
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
,
”
Cu
rr
.
Nu
tr.
Rep
.
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
C.
J.
W
rig
h
t
,
et
al
.
,
“
Ho
w
a
re
p
e
r
c
e
p
ti
o
n
s
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
w
a
ter
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
i
n
Ca
n
a
d
ian
In
u
it
?
A
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
su
rv
e
y
in
Rig
o
let,
L
a
b
ra
d
o
r,
”
S
c
i.
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
v
iro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
6
9
-
3
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
J.
S
c
h
a
f
e
r
a
n
d
J.
S
c
h
a
f
e
r,
“
Co
rn
e
rsto
n
e
:
A
Co
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
o
f
S
c
h
o
l
a
rl
y
a
n
d
Cre
a
ti
v
e
W
o
rk
s
f
o
r
M
in
n
e
so
ta
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
M
a
n
k
a
to
S
u
g
a
r
-
S
w
e
e
ten
e
d
Be
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
to
A
ss
e
s
s
A
d
u
lt
s
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
,
A
tt
it
u
d
e
s,
a
n
d
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
P
a
tt
e
r
n
s o
f
S
u
g
a
r
-
S
w
e
e
te
n
e
d
Be
v
e
ra
g
e
s
,”
2019
.
[1
6
]
J.
P
re
v
it
e
,
M
.
L
.
F
ry
,
J.
Dre
n
n
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
E.
Ha
sa
n
,
“
F
rie
n
d
s
o
r
f
o
e
s:
G
ro
u
p
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
n
m
o
d
e
ra
te
d
rin
k
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
rs,”
J
.
B
u
s.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
6
-
2
1
5
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
I.
G
u
e
li
n
c
k
x
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
tak
e
o
f
w
a
t
e
r
a
n
d
b
e
v
e
ra
g
e
s
o
f
c
h
il
d
re
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts
in
1
3
c
o
u
n
tr
ie
s,”
Eu
r.
J
.
Nu
tr
.,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
6
9
-
7
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
A
.
R.
Ke
sh
a
v
a
rz
i,
M
.
S
h
a
rif
z
a
d
e
h
,
A
.
A
.
Ka
m
g
a
r
H
a
g
h
ig
h
i,
S
.
Am
i
n
,
S
.
Ke
sh
tk
a
r,
a
n
d
A
.
Ba
m
d
a
d
,
“
Ru
ra
l
d
o
m
e
stic
w
a
ter
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
io
r:
A
c
a
se
stu
d
y
in
Ra
m
jerd
a
r
e
a
,
F
a
rs
p
ro
v
in
c
e
,
I.
R.
I
ra
n
,
”
W
a
t
e
r
Res
.,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
3
-
1
1
7
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
9
]
S
.
A
tt
il
a
a
n
d
B.
Ça
k
ir,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
d
rin
k
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
i
n
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
f
a
c
to
rs,”
Nu
trit
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
6
–
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
Rit
a
Ha
li
m
a
n
d
M
.
H.
M
a
r
d
h
iy
a
h
,
“
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
F
lu
i
d
I
n
tak
e
a
n
d
Nu
tri
ti
o
n
S
tat
u
s
i
n
Ja
m
b
i
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
M
e
d
ica
l
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
”
J
M
J
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
7
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
C.
M
o
r
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
l
u
i
d
i
n
tak
e
p
a
tt
e
rn
s
o
f
c
h
il
d
re
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts:
re
su
lt
s
o
f
six
L
iq
.
In
7
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
su
rv
e
y
s,”
Eu
r.
J
.
Nu
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
0
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
2
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
P
.
W
.
L
a
k
s
m
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
l
u
i
d
i
n
ta
k
e
o
f
c
h
il
d
re
n
,
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts
a
n
d
a
d
u
lt
s
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
6
L
iq
.
In
7
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
su
rv
e
y
,
”
Eu
r.
J
.
N
u
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
1
0
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
N.
M
ich
e
ls,
K.
V
a
n
d
e
n
Bu
ss
c
h
e
,
J.
V
a
n
d
e
W
a
ll
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
De
H
e
n
a
u
w
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
P
o
li
c
y
o
n
Drin
k
in
g
a
n
d
T
o
il
e
ts:
W
e
a
k
n
e
ss
e
s a
n
d
Re
latio
n
w
it
h
C
h
il
d
re
n
’s Hy
d
ra
ti
o
n
S
tat
u
s,”
J
.
Nu
tr.
Ed
u
c
.
Beh
a
v
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Ba
k
ri,
“
Nu
tri
t
io
n
sta
tu
s,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
a
d
e
q
u
a
te
o
f
w
a
ter
c
o
n
su
m
ti
o
n
f
o
r
stu
d
e
n
t
o
f
se
n
io
r
h
ig
h
sc
h
o
o
l
1
2
i
n
Ba
n
d
a
A
c
e
h
,
”
AcT
io
n
Ace
h
Nu
tr.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
H.
G
.
S
u
h
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
Ka
v
o
u
ra
s,
“
W
a
ter
in
tak
e
a
n
d
h
y
d
ra
ti
o
n
st
a
te
in
c
h
il
d
re
n
,
”
E
u
r.
J
.
N
u
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
7
5
-
4
9
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
H.
M
.
S
.
W
a
sa
n
a
,
G
.
D.
R
.
K.
P
e
re
ra
,
P
.
D.
S
.
G
u
n
a
w
a
rd
e
n
a
,
P
.
S
.
F
e
rn
a
n
d
o
,
a
n
d
J.
Ba
n
d
a
ra
,
“
W
H
O
w
a
ter
q
u
a
li
ty
sta
n
d
a
rd
s
V
s
S
y
n
e
rg
ic
e
ff
e
c
t(s)
o
f
f
lu
o
rid
e
,
h
e
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
ls
a
n
d
h
a
rd
n
e
ss
in
d
r
in
k
in
g
w
a
ter
o
n
k
id
n
e
y
ti
ss
u
e
s,”
S
c
i.
Rep
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
K.
M
.
Eck
,
e
t
a
l
., “
Yo
u
r
b
o
d
y
f
e
e
ls b
e
tt
e
r
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
rin
k
w
a
ter’:
P
a
re
n
t
a
n
d
sc
h
o
o
l
-
a
g
e
c
h
il
d
re
n
’s su
g
a
r
-
s
w
e
e
ten
e
d
b
e
v
e
ra
g
e
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
s,”
N
u
trien
ts
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
I.
M
.
Kre
c
a
r,
M
.
Ko
leg
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
Ku
n
a
c
,
“
T
h
e
Ef
f
e
c
ts
o
f
Drin
k
in
g
W
a
ter
o
n
A
tt
e
n
ti
o
n
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
-
S
o
c
.
Beh
a
v
.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
9
,
p
p
.
5
7
7
-
5
8
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
9
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
a
n
d
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
s o
f
to
tal
d
r
in
k
in
g
f
lu
id
s
a
n
d
w
a
ter f
ro
m
f
o
o
d
to
t
o
tal
wa
ter i
n
tak
e
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
a
d
u
lt
s in
Ba
o
d
in
g
,
C
h
in
a
,
”
Eu
r.
J
.
N
u
tr
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
9
-
2
6
7
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
N.
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
4
-
d
W
a
ter
In
tak
e
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
In
c
re
a
se
s
H
y
d
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
g
n
it
iv
e
F
le
x
ib
il
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
P
re
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
Ch
i
ld
re
n
,
”
J
.
Nu
tr
.
,
2
0
1
9
.
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