In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f E
v
al
u
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
R
e
se
arc
h
in
Ed
u
c
ation
(
IJERE
)
V
o
l.6,
N
o.3,
S
eptem
b
er
2
01
7
,
pp. 221~
2
2
6
IS
S
N
: 2252-
88
22
221
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
sj
ourn
a
l.
com
/
on
line
/
in
dex.
p
h
p
/
I
J
ERE
The Adolescents Overv
iew with
Healthy Sexual B
e
havior
in the Risky E
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
S
i
tti N
u
r
D
ja
nnah
F
acul
t
y
o
f
P
u
b
lic H
ealt
h
, U
n
i
v
ers
i
tas
Ahm
a
d D
a
hl
an, In
d
o
n
esia
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
ce
i
v
e
d
Feb 9,
2017
Re
vise
d A
ug
21,
201
7
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
Au
g
3
0
,
2
017
Teen
s
to
day
hav
e
e
x
p
erien
ced
a
s
hift
i
n
m
o
ra
l
i
t
y
,
th
oug
h
t
a
n
d
b
eh
avio
r
pat
t
ern
s
b
ecau
se
t
h
e
y
ar
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ced
b
y
f
o
rei
g
n
c
u
lt
ures.
This
is
d
ue
t
o
lack
of
p
rog
r
es
s,
e
sp
eci
all
y
i
n
th
e
f
i
e
l
d
of
t
rans
po
rt
a
n
d
t
el
ecom
m
u
nicat
io
ns
t
hat
are
spreadi
n
g
gl
oba
l
ly
a
t
yout
h
c
u
lture.
N
egati
v
e
attitudes
tow
ard
s
ad
o
l
e
scent
heal
th
,
su
ch
a
s
s
e
xu
al
act
ivity
a
ls
o
t
e
nd
to
i
ncreas
e.
Y
o
u
th
a
s
s
o
ci
ati
on
X
in
Yo
gy
akarta
w
h
i
ch
i
s
a
g
r
ou
p
of
t
eenagers
i
n
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
tradit
io
nal
dan
ce,
jathi
l
an,
is
i
d
e
ntif
ied
as
a
g
rou
p
o
f
yo
ung
a
dult
s
at
r
isk
o
f
p
re
mari
t
a
l
sex.
Th
ey
a
l
m
o
s
t
h
a
ve
a
c
los
e
f
riend
(d
ati
n
g
)
a
nd
h
av
e
in
terco
u
rse,
which
is
in
teres
t
in
g
t
o
e
x
p
l
o
re.
L
u
ck
i
l
y,
t
here
a
re
f
iv
e
teenag
ers
s
t
ill
can
m
aint
a
i
n
heal
th
y
s
e
xu
al
b
ehav
io
r.
T
he
p
urp
o
se
o
f
res
earch
w
as
t
o
kn
ow
t
h
e
des
c
rip
tio
n
o
f
p
erso
nal
f
acto
r
s
and
ext
e
rnal
f
acto
r
s
th
at
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
ado
l
es
cents
to
b
e
abl
e
t
o
retain
h
eal
thy
sex
u
al
b
ehav
io
r
i
n
a
r
i
s
ky
e
nv
iro
n
m
e
nt
i
n
youth
ass
o
ci
atio
n
X
.
Based on
in
-dept
h
intervi
ews
w
i
th
f
i
v
e
t
eenagers
w
ho decl
ares
th
em
se
lv
es
not
d
at
in
g
an
d
a
grou
p
l
eader
c
o
m
m
uni
ty
o
f
Y
outh
As
s
ocia
ti
on
X.
I
t
was
s
hown
t
h
at
a
n
overv
iew
t
h
at
a
ff
ect
s
teen
s
s
t
ill
b
e
hav
e
i
n
a
h
ealt
h
y
sex
des
p
ite
b
eing
i
n
a
r
is
ky
env
i
ron
m
en
t
is
a
n
ov
erview
o
f
pers
onal
wh
ere
yo
un
g
p
e
op
le
h
ave
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
hol
d
back
e
m
o
ti
ons,
id
eals
an
d
r
e
l
ig
io
s
i
t
y
attit
ude
s
.
T
h
e
picture
o
f
t
he
e
xternal
consi
s
t
s
o
f
a
f
a
mily
f
un
ct
io
n
w
h
ere
p
a
re
nts
do
r
e
m
i
n
d
n
o
r
ms
a
nd
r
e
l
ig
io
n
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
ad
ol
escent
s
t
o
m
a
intain
a
way
f
r
om
t
he
i
nfl
u
en
ce
of f
ri
end
s
t
o
b
e
hav
e
d
ev
iat
e
.
K
eyw
ord
:
Ado
l
esce
n
t
Risk
y e
n
vi
r
onm
ent
S
e
xual ba
ha
v
i
o
u
r
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
017 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
Scien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Si
t
t
i
Nu
r
Dj
ann
a
h
,
F
a
cult
yof
Public Heal
t
h
,
A
h
m
a
d D
a
hlan
U
niver
s
it
y,
P
r
of. D
r. S
o
e
pomo
st
r
eet,
Jan
t
ura
n
U
m
bul
H
ar
j
o
Y
og
ya
kar
t
a
, Indo
nes
i
a.
Em
ail:
nj
a
n
nah
s
itt
i
_
fkmua
d
@
y
ah
o
o
.c
om
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
de
ve
l
o
pm
ent
of
t
he
e
ra
m
akes
t
he
p
r
o
gre
s
s
i
n
t
he
f
ie
l
d
s
of
tra
n
spo
r
t
and
te
le
c
o
mm
unica
ti
ons,
w
h
ic
h
s
p
re
ad
g
l
o
bal
l
y
i
n
y
o
u
t
h
c
ul
t
u
re,
le
d
t
o
m
an
y
c
h
a
nge
s
t
h
a
t
o
ccur
i
n
a
d
o
l
es
cenc
e
.
Th
ey
e
x
p
e
ri
e
n
c
e
d
a
sh
i
f
t
i
n
m
oral
i
t
y,
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
a
n
d
be
ha
vi
or
p
a
t
terns
be
ca
use
the
y
h
ave
bee
n
i
nfl
u
enc
e
d
b
y
f
o
rei
gn
c
u
lt
ure
s
.
N
e
ga
tive
a
t
t
itu
de
s
t
o
w
a
rds a
d
ole
s
cen
t
hea
l
t
h
, suc
h as
s
exua
l a
c
tivity te
nd
to increase
[1].
K
R
R
I
D
H
S
2
0
1
2
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
a
b
o
u
t
9
.
3
%
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
3
.
7
mi
ll
io
n
t
e
en
s
c
l
ai
me
d
to
h
ave
had
se
xua
l
in
te
r
c
ourse
b
efore
m
a
rria
ge,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
re
su
lts
o
f
IY
A
R
H
S
200
7
w
e
r
e
onl
y
ab
ou
t
7%,
or
a
b
o
ut
3
mill
ion
t
e
e
n
a
g
ers.
T
hus,
d
u
ri
ng
t
he
p
e
r
i
o
d
20
0
7
t
o
2
0
12,
t
he
i
n
cr
ease
d
c
ases
o
f
t
e
e
n
a
g
e
r
s
w
ho
had
sex
u
al
int
e
rcourse were
2
.3%
[
2
]-[3].
F
a
c
t
or
s
A
f
fect
i
ng
S
e
x
u
al
B
e
h
avi
o
r
P
r
e
n
u
p
ti
al
o
n
Y
o
u
t
h,
i
nd
ic
a
t
i
ng
t
h
a
t
i
ndi
vid
u
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
(amo
ng
reli
gi
osit
y),
fa
mily fac
tors (i.
e.
p
a
r
en
t
-
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
),
a
n
d
f
acto
r
s
ou
ts
i
d
e the
fa
mily
(
the
ne
ga
t
i
ve
pre
ssure o
f
pe
ers
and
m
e
d
i
a
por
no
grap
h
y
)
a
l
l
si
gn
ifica
n
t
l
y
af
fec
t
s
e
x
ual
be
ha
v
i
or
p
rem
a
r
i
tal
in
a
dol
escents
[4].
T
he
f
act
i
s
in
ac
corda
n
c
e
w
it
h
the
res
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
he
r
esea
rch
tea
m
P
S
W
UGM
(
2
0
0
6
)
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
i
n
flue
n
c
e
of
p
ee
rs,
t
h
a
t
t
he
re
are
r
e
spon
den
t
s
w
ho
ex
pre
s
s
e
d
pre
m
a
r
ita
l
sex
u
a
l
b
eha
v
ior
ca
rrie
d
o
u
t
f
o
r
ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
l
ov
e
and
fo
r
t
h
e
env
i
ro
nm
en
t [5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2252-
8822
IJERE
V
ol
.
6,
N
o.
3,
S
eptem
b
er
20
17 :
2
2
1
– 226
22
2
O
n
e
of
t
he
d
istric
ts
i
n
the
ci
t
y
o
f
Y
ogy
a
k
a
r
ta,
nam
e
ly
i
n
Wi
r
o
b
raja
n
h
a
s
be
en
f
o
u
n
d
a
grou
p
o
f
teena
g
ers
a
t
r
i
s
k
o
f
p
re
ma
rita
l
sex,
n
am
el
y
the
soc
i
e
t
y
o
f
Y
ou
t
h
A
ssoc
i
a
t
ion
X
.
B
ase
d
o
n
the
resul
t
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
rvi
e
ws
c
ond
u
c
t
e
d
wit
h
t
h
e
e
du
c
a
t
o
r
of
T
u
r
ong
go
W
i
r
o
Bud
oyo
(TW
B
),
t
here
a
re
47
active
y
oung
members
i
n
t
his
ja
th
il
a
n
a
rt
a
ssoc
i
a
t
i
on.
T
e
e
n
age
m
e
m
b
er
s
of
t
he
S
oc
i
e
ty
o
f
T
W
B
a
l
mos
t
ha
ve
a
c
lo
se
frien
d
(dat
in
g).
Fr
om 47 in
form
ants,
th
ere
a
r
e 32 te
e
n
ager
s wh
o h
a
ve h
a
d
sex.
T
e
ens o
f
TWB S
ociet
y
me
m
be
rs w
ho
perform
o
the
r
r
e
p
rod
u
ct
i
v
e
b
e
ha
v
i
or
,
inc
l
ud
in
g
t
ouc
h
i
ng
s
e
n
sit
i
ve
o
rga
n
a
re
a
r
ound
f
iv
e
pe
o
p
le,
tw
o
peo
p
l
e
ki
ssi
n
g,
t
hree
p
eo
p
l
e
cu
d
d
lin
g
a
nd
ho
l
d
in
g,
a
s
w
e
ll
as
f
ive
peo
p
l
e
d
o
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
ior
of
m
a
s
tur
b
at
ion
a
nd
sta
t
es
are
not g
oi
n
g
o
ut.
Ba
se
d
on
t
h
e
d
es
cri
p
t
i
on
o
f
th
e
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
o
f
a
d
ol
e
s
c
e
nt
s,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
co
nc
l
u
de
d
t
h
a
t
t
he
e
nvir
onm
en
ta
l
gro
up
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
of
Y
ou
t
h
A
ssoc
i
a
t
i
on
X
Y
o
g
y
a
k
ar
ta
i
s
a
risk
y
e
nvi
ronm
en
t
to
b
ehave
m
a
r
i
ta
l
sex
in
a
d
ol
e
s
c
e
nt
s.
E
n
v
i
r
on
ment
i
s
t
h
e
ma
i
n
s
ou
rce
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
in
flu
e
n
ce
o
n
t
e
e
n
b
eh
avi
o
r,
o
th
e
r
t
h
a
n
th
at
t
h
e
re
i
s
the
inf
l
ue
nce
of
p
e
e
rs
w
h
o
a
re
doin
g
m
ost
se
xua
l
be
ha
v
i
or
s
th
at
c
o
u
l
d
p
ro
vide
a
n
e
x
am
ple
for
frie
nds
t
o
beha
ve
d
ev
ia
te
[
1].
N
onet
h
e
l
ess,
t
he
re
a
re
f
ive
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
t
he
t
een
ag
ers
wh
o
st
a
t
ed
a
re
n
ot
g
oin
g
o
u
t
so
i
t
ca
n
be
s
a
i
d
t
h
at
t
he
se
t
ee
ns
b
e
h
a
v
e
hea
l
t
h
y
se
x.
I
t
i
s
o
f
in
t
e
r
est
to
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
her
s
t
o
de
s
c
ribe
t
he
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
tha
t
in
flue
nce
ad
ole
s
c
e
n
t
s for
hea
l
t
hy se
xua
l be
ha
vior
in c
o
mm
u
n
it
y
of Youth Associa
tion X.
2.
METHOD
Th
is
r
e
s
ear
ch
u
se
d
a
qua
li
ta
ti
ve
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
de
sign,
b
y
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
t
he
phe
n
o
m
enon
o
f
the
d
e
scrip
tio
n
o
f
the
fa
ct
ors
t
h
a
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
t
he
h
e
a
l
t
hy
a
d
oles
cent
se
xua
l
be
hav
i
or
i
n
t
h
e
env
i
ro
nme
n
t
at
r
isk.
T
he
s
ub
j
e
cts
o
f
t
h
i
s
re
s
ea
rch
we
re
f
i
v
e
t
een
age
r
s w
ho st
ate
d
ar
e
n
o
t
g
oin
g
out
in Y
o
u
t
h
A
s
s
oc
iat
i
on X
by
c
on
d
u
ct
i
ng i
n
-de
p
t
h
in
t
e
rv
iew
s
.
Th
e
ov
er
vi
e
w
s
e
e
n
i
s
a
perso
n
a
l
a
nd
ex
ter
n
a
l
o
ver
v
i
e
w
t
ha
t
i
n
fl
ue
nce
s
a
dole
s
c
e
n
t
s
to
s
ta
y
h
e
a
lth
y
se
xu
a
l
b
eh
av
ior i
n
t
h
e
ri
s
ky
en
v
i
r
on
me
nt
.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
3.1.
Ov
e
r
v
i
ew
per
so
na
l
Ba
se
d
o
n
i
n-d
e
pth
i
n
t
e
rv
iew
s
c
on
d
u
cte
d
w
it
h
fi
ve
t
ee
na
g
e
m
embe
r
s
of
Y
ou
t
h
A
ss
ocia
ti
o
n
X
t
h
a
t
have
h
ea
l
t
h
y
s
e
xua
l
be
ha
vi
or,
there
are
so
me
f
ea
tur
e
s
o
f
p
e
r
so
n
al
f
a
c
t
o
rs
t
h
a
t
cau
se
t
een
a
g
ers
do
n
o
t
d
o
th
ing
s
t
ha
t
e
n
c
our
a
g
e
them
t
o
ha
ve
s
e
x
,
in
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
he
c
a
p
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
s
t
o
ic
t
ee
nager
i
n
c
on
t
r
o
lli
n
g
a
nge
r,
t
he
ac
hi
e
v
em
en
t of
t
he idea
l
s
an
d
atti
tu
des i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
relig
i
o
us
p
r
actice
s
.
3.
1.1.
A
b
ility t
o
wit
h
s
t
a
nd
em
o
tional
H
e
r
e
i
s
the
in
t
e
rv
iew
of
t
ee
na
gers
w
h
o
s
u
r
v
i
ve
d
d
i
d
n
o
t
per
f
orm
c
ourts
hip
a
nd
se
x
re
l
a
te
d
to
p
e
rson
al
o
v
e
rv
i
e
w
o
f
t
een
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
be
e
n
a
b
l
e
to
w
i
t
h
st
and
th
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
w
e
ll,
t
his
is
i
n
acc
ordan
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
resul
t
s of
i
n
t
e
r
view
s c
o
n
d
uc
t
e
d,
a
s fol
l
ow
s
:
"
I
have
ex
perie
n
ce
d u
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
lled
a
n
g
er t
h
a
t
i
s
fi
ght
..
"
(info
r
m
a
nt 1)
"..
N
o,
I rarely
ge
t a
n
g
ry.
If
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a p
r
o
b
lem
t
h
en
d
o
i
ng
a
f
u
r
i
o
u
s
f
i
ghts
l
a
t
e
r par
e
n
ts bec
o
m
e
inv
o
lved "
(
i
nf
orma
nt 2)
"..
can w
i
t
h
s
t
an
d
the
em
o
t
i
on,
there
i
s
n
o
ne
ed
t
o
be
a
ngry
a
n
d
a
c
ts
bey
o
nd
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
s .
.
"
(inform
a
nt
3
a
nd
4)
"
I
hope
fully ge
t
w
u
du
then do
prayers ....
"
(
i
n
f
orm
a
nt 5)
Base
d
on
t
he
r
esu
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
ese
inte
rv
iew
s
4
o
f
5
inf
o
rm
ant
h
a
s
t
he
a
b
i
l
ity
t
o
ho
l
d
b
a
c
k
y
o
u
r
em
oti
ons
.
The
i
r
ab
il
ity
t
o
ho
l
d
h
is
t
e
m
p
e
r
ca
n
m
a
ke
t
e
e
n
ager
s
a
b
l
e
t
o
con
tro
l
t
he
b
e
h
a
v
ior
t
h
at
d
e
v
iate
s
fr
o
m
t
he
norm
s
of
s
oc
i
e
t
y
,
o
n
e
of
t
he
m
i
n
s
e
xua
l
a
nd
r
e
pr
o
duc
t
i
ve
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
in
t
h
e
p
r
es
e
n
c
e
o
f
mu
tu
al
r
e
s
p
e
ct
a
mon
g
t
h
e
i
r
p
e
ers
in
cl
ud
ed
i
n
t
h
e
a
sso
ci
ati
o
n
d
a
t
i
ng
.
Th
e
f
i
rst
i
n
fo
rma
n
t
h
a
d
h
a
v
e
i
n
ab
ili
ty
t
o
h
o
l
d
ba
ck
t
he
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
b
u
t
he
w
as
s
t
i
l
l
a
ble
t
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
sex
u
al
b
e
h
a
v
io
r,
t
h
i
s
ha
ppe
ns
b
ec
ause
t
here
a
r
e
e
xam
p
les
of
p
e
e
rs
w
ho
hav
e
expe
r
i
ence
d
a
preg
na
nc
y
o
u
tside
o
f
m
a
rriag
e
an
d
issue
d
by
the
s
choo
l
,
s
o
sh
e
sti
l
l
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
t
h
e
s
ch
ool
a
s
a
n
ac
hi
e
v
em
en
t a
m
bit
i
on.
Th
i
s i
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
en
t w
i
th t
he
r
esul
ts
o
f th
e int
e
rvi
e
w a
s
fo
l
lo
ws:
"..
there is
a j
u
n
i
or
hi
g
h
sch
o
o
l
f
r
ien
d
wh
o
was pre
g
n
a
n
t
an
d
was e
x
pe
l
l
e
d f
r
om
sc
ho
o
l
,
so I av
oi
d
cou
r
ts
hip
be
h
a
v
io
r th
a
t
enc
o
urag
e
us to h
a
v
e
inte
rco
u
rse
.."
(
i
n
formant 1)
3.
1.2.
Ach
i
eving
the
d
ream
F
o
ll
ow
i
ng
in
t
e
rview
s
w
i
t
h a
pe
rsona
l pic
t
ure
adole
s
c
e
n
t
s
w
i
th
r
es
p
ect
t
o
ach
i
e
vi
ng
th
e
d
re
am:
"...
.
.
I
want
t
o
be success
f
ul, so I pr
ioriti
ze
s
t
udy
in
g
fi
r
s
t
fo
r
t
h
e
fu
tu
re
.. t
o
m
a
ke
my pa
re
n
t
s
ha
ppy
.."
(
i
n
form
ant
1)
"
m
y dre
a
m
f
o
r t
h
e
fu
t
u
re .
.
..
in
accor
d
an
ce
wit
h
IQ
te
st
re
su
lts,
I
was
to
l
d
to
ge
t
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
ic
a
l
eng
i
nee
r
in
g, so t
h
a
t
I wa
n
t
t
o
be a m
e
ch
an
ic,
t
h
at
is why
I prepare
to s
t
udy
i
n
o
r
de
r
t
o
succ
ee
d .
.
.
.
"(inform
ant
2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJERE
I
S
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
T
h
e
Ado
l
e
s
cen
t
s
Ov
erview w
i
t
h
Heal
thy
Sex
u
al Be
hav
i
o
r i
n
the
R
i
sk
y E
n
v
i
ronme
n
t
(S
it
ti
Nur Dja
n
n
a
h
)
22
3
"...
.
I
want
t
o
b
e
a
l
ect
u
r
e
r
, e
n
tr
ep
ren
e
u
r
an
d a
tea
c
h
e
r of
t
h
e
Koran
...
so
I ha
d t
o
r
e
a
d
a l
o
t
o
f
bo
oks, go
ing to
scho
ol
ser
i
o
u
s
l
y
un
l
i
ke m
y
f
r
i
e
nd
s
wh
o
are
l
a
zy..
..
"(inform
ant 3)
"....
I
wa
n
t
t
o
w
o
rk in
the
e
l
e
c
tr
on
i
c
s fie
ld,
no
w
I
he
l
p
m
y
f
a
m
i
ly, ra
t
h
er
t
h
a
n
g
o
i
ng
ou
t the
r
e
i
s
n
o
u
s
e
..
..
"
(inform
a
nt 4)
"... I study f
i
rs
t
be
cau
s
e
I
wan
t
to
be a
p
i
l
o
t
in the
f
u
tu
re
.
.
.
"
(
i
n
fo
rm
an
t
5
)
Th
ose
sta
t
e
m
e
n
ts
s
h
o
w
e
d
a
d
ol
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
have
h
e
a
l
t
hy
se
x
u
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
a
l
r
eady
ha
ve
d
re
am
s
to
ac
hi
e
v
e b
y
p
u
s
hi
n
g
a
w
a
y
from
thin
g
s t
h
a
t
a
re
not
u
se
fu
l i
n
the
association.
3.
1.3.
R
e
li
gi
o
s
ity
attitu
d
e
O
v
er
vi
e
w
r
elig
io
si
ty
a
t
tit
ude
i
s
b
y
d
o
i
n
g
d
a
i
l
y
p
ra
yer
for
TW
B
com
m
un
it
y
tee
n
a
g
ers
w
ho
be
ha
v
e
hea
l
t
hy se
x, a
s fo
l
l
ow
s
:
".I
n
sy
aa
lla
h
I
do
pr
aye
r
,
like
m
y
pare
n
ts
a
r
e
al
w
a
ys
pra
y
i
n
g,
b
u
t
th
ere
are
a
l
s
o
f
o
r
g
etfu
lne
ss
..
."
(Informant to 1,
2)
".. InsyaAl
l
a
h
I do pra
y
e
r
, I
alw
a
ys try
to p
r
a
y
f
i
v
e
t
i
m
e
s I als
o
l
e
arn re
l
i
gi
o
n
in Mu
ha
m
m
adiy
a
h .
.
"(Inform
ant 3)
"
..Insyaa
l
lah pr
ayer,
like
m
y
p
a
re
nts are a
l
w
a
ys pray
, I
am
ha
p
p
y to te
ach
t
h
e
K
o
r
an bec
ause
scie
nc
e
is be
tter
s
hare
d
f
o
r othe
rs ..
.
"(inform
a
nt 4)
"
... Y
e
s, InsyaAllah ..
.
I
have
been
ta
ught
religion
by my
mother sinc
e childhood.
. r
e
ligio
n is
essential
for
life ...
(Info
r
m
ant
5)
Base
d
o
n
t
he
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
ter
v
i
e
w
s
,
i
t
i
s
o
b
ta
i
n
e
d
t
ha
t
tee
n
age
r
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
h
e
a
l
th
y
sex
u
a
l
be
hav
i
or
h
a
s
b
e
en
p
ra
ct
ic
i
n
g
as
a
g
e
s
t
u
re
o
f
wo
rshi
p
an
d
t
a
rg
e
t
in
g
t
h
e
p
a
r
en
ts
a
s
t
h
e
i
r
exam
p
l
e
.
Th
ere
are
th
re
e
a
c
t
iv
e
teena
g
ers
i
n
t
h
e
f
ie
l
d
o
f
re
li
g
i
o
n
e
ven
one
t
eena
g
er
w
h
o
i
s
a
t
e
ache
r
o
f
the
K
o
ran.
I
t
i
s
s
upp
or
t
e
d
b
y
the
st
a
t
em
ent
of
t
he
c
h
a
irma
n
of
t
he
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
com
m
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
Y
o
u
t
h
A
s
so
ci
a
tio
n
X
ex
pl
ai
nin
g
th
at
y
o
u
th
w
ho
b
e
h
a
v
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
y
s
e
x
i
s
a
t
e
e
n
a
g
e
r
w
h
o
h
a
s
a
n
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
p
a
rent
a
nd
t
een
s
wh
o
are
act
i
v
e
in
t
h
e
m
o
s
q
u
e
'
s
ac
t
i
v
i
ti
e
s
s
o
t
h
at
t
hey
d
o
n
ot
e
n
g
a
g
e
in
a
c
t
i
v
i
ties
o
u
t
si
de
t
he
l
i
m
it
s,
s
u
c
h
a
s
d
ri
nk
i
n
g
a
l
c
o
hol
,
s
m
o
k
i
ng
a
nd
sex.
T
his is co
n
s
i
st
e
n
t
w
ith
t
h
e
r
esult
s
o
f the
in
t
e
rv
iew
as fo
ll
ow
s
:
"... both
pare
n
ts are active
in
religious
activ
i
ti
e
s
, and
t
h
e
y
are the mosque
caretake
r
and te
ache
r of
th
e Ko
ran
,
so
t
h
ey r
e
fl
ect
good
a
ttitud
e
...."
(Ch
a
irman
of the
TWB
a
sso
ciation
)
T
h
e
n
,
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
Y
o
u
t
h
A
ssoc
i
a
t
ion
X
,
it
is
f
o
und
t
h
a
t
teen
s
t
h
a
t
r
efus
ed to g
o
o
ut
c
a
nno
t
be in
f
lue
n
c
e
d by
t
h
e
i
r frie
nd
s to d
o
the
t
h
i
ngs
t
ha
t ar
e de
via
n
t, a
s fol
l
o
w
s:
"...
.
s
ome tee
nage
rs re
fuse
to drink
and
go out
wh
e
n
gathe
r
ing w
i
th
s
o
me
bad pe
ople (
C
hairman
of
Yo
ut
h Ass
o
ci
a
t
i
o
n
X)
3.2.
Ext
ern
al over
v
i
e
w
Ba
se
d
o
n
i
n-d
e
pt
h
i
n
te
rv
iew
s
,
c
ond
uc
ted
i
n
f
ive
yo
u
ng
me
mbe
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
mmu
n
it
y
o
f
Y
out
h
A
ssocia
t
ion
X
be
ha
ve
a
h
e
a
l
thy
sex
w
h
o
are
at-risk
e
n
v
i
ro
nme
n
t
s
,
e
x
t
e
rnal
f
a
c
to
r
fo
und
th
a
t
t
h
e
i
nf
lu
en
ce
o
f
fa
mil
y
f
unc
t
i
o
n
,
nam
e
l
y
a
s
p
r
ot
e
c
tio
n
i
n
r
em
ind
i
ng
p
a
r
en
ts
a
bou
t
t
h
e
no
rms
and
r
e
l
i
gi
on,
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
pri
n
ci
p
l
es a
nd
ca
pab
i
lit
ies o
f
teena
g
ers
who ar
e
no
t
affec
t
e
d
b
y t
h
e
tren
d a
nd for
ce
yo
ur frien
ds t
o l
over
s
.
3.
2.1.
Fam
i
ly
F
un
cti
o
n
Th
e
f
a
mil
y
f
un
ct
io
ns
i
n
a
d
ole
s
c
e
nt
s
’
h
e
a
l
t
hy
s
ex
u
a
l
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
,
a
c
c
ordi
n
g
t
o
the
in
ter
v
ie
w
re
sults
a
s
fo
l
l
ow
s
:
"...
The f
a
m
ily al
s
o
influ
ence beco
m
e
s the example for me .
.
.
s
o
t
h
at I
can become
a better per
s
on
t
h
a
n
p
a
r
ent
s
, so
I do
no
t want
to
ma
k
e
embar
ra
ssed
pa
r
e
nt
s an
d
set
a
n
e
x
a
m
pl
e
f
o
r
m
y
si
st
e
r
a
s
w
e
l
l
...
"(
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
1
)
"
... my family
reminds me so I
do
not want to embarr
a
ss
my
moth
er,
myself, and
my friends
by having
a c
h
il
d w
h
en
I
am
stil
l a
kid .
.
.
"(
inf
o
r
m
a
n
t
2
)
"
... Parents
t
e
ll
me to
f
o
c
u
s
;
they sa
y I am not all
o
wed
to go out whenever
I am
st
ill
a school student
...
"(
inform
an
t 3
)
"...
my father
gives m
e
advic
e
no
t to
make friends with
bad and dr
unk
people,
I am not
all
o
wed
to
im
ita
te
the
i
r ac
ts, I have
t
o
w
o
rk f
i
rs
t be
fore
go
i
ng ou
t wi
th
som
e
o
n
e i
n
or
der n
o
t
t
o
as
k
m
one
y
f
r
om
par
ents
.
...
"(
i
n
formant 4
)
"..m
y pare
n
ts re
m
i
n
d
s m
e
of
a
gre
a
t
s
i
n
i
f
I d
o
sex
f
r
ee
l
y
ou
ts
ide
m
a
rr
iage
, self-es
teem
is
los
t
, I
w
i
ll
b
e
i
s
o
l
at
e
d
and
mi
g
h
t
g
e
t
HIV
a
s
we
ll
...
"
(
inform
ant 5)
Base
d
on
t
he
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
in
t
e
r
v
iew
s
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
e
e
na
g
e
rs
h
a
v
ing
hea
l
t
h
y
se
x
on
c
o
m
m
unity
o
f
gro
up,
it
is
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
a
fa
mi
ly
ove
rv
i
e
w
t
h
at
does
gu
i
d
ance
t
o
t
h
e
ir
c
hi
l
d
ren
to
s
t
a
y
a
w
a
y
from
dev
i
a
n
t
beha
v
i
or.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2252-
8822
IJERE
V
ol
.
6,
N
o.
3,
S
eptem
b
er
20
17 :
2
2
1
– 226
22
4
3.2.
2.
Influ
e
nc
e
of pee
rs
The
de
scri
pt
i
on
o
f
t
he
i
nflue
n
ce
o
f
p
e
e
rs
i
n
i
n
flue
nc
in
g
re
pro
d
uc
t
i
v
e
a
nd
s
exua
l
be
ha
v
i
or
i
n
TW
B
ado
l
esce
n
t
s
w
ho be
ha
ve
h
ea
l
t
hy se
x,
base
d
o
n the
i
n
t
e
rv
iew
as f
o
l
lo
ws:
"
Som
e frie
nds
ask
m
e
to
dri
n
k
t
h
e
n
I saw
p
o
rno
g
r
a
p
h
y in in
te
rne
t
from
m
y
frie
n
d
.."
(
i
n
for
m
ant 1)
"..I
kn
ow
a
bout
smo
k
in
g
and
d
r
i
n
kin
g
f
r
o
m
my
f
r
i
e
nd
s an
d
th
e
r
e i
s
a
l
so
fre
e
se
x
a
n
d
p
o
r
n
og
rap
h
y
..." (inf
orm
a
nt 2)
"
m
y
fri
e
n
d
s l
o
v
e
t
o
sh
ow m
e
p
o
rn
o
g
r
a
p
h
y .."
(inf
orm
a
nt
3)
"
M
y
fri
e
nd
o
n
ce
sh
owe
d
m
e
porn
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
but
I
di
d
no
t se
e
i
t
..
..
My
fri
e
nds
are
a
l
s
o
s
m
oki
ng
a
n
d
dr
i
n
k
i
ng ..
"(info
rm
an
t
4)
"
m
y
fri
e
n
d
s us
ual
ly inf
l
u
enc
e
us t
o
ge
t
love
r
s
.
.
"(
i
n
f
o
rm
an
t
5)
Base
d
on
t
he
r
esults
o
f
i
n
-d
ept
h
i
nter
view
s,
i
t
w
a
s
sh
o
w
n
t
h
e
i
nf
lue
n
ce
of
p
e
e
rs
i
n
in
flue
nc
i
n
g
sex
u
al be
h
av
i
o
r.
T
he
Y
ou
th
A
ssoc
i
a
tio
n
X
m
em
bers
o
f
t
h
e
com
m
u
n
i
t
y w
ho
be
ha
ve he
a
lt
h
y
s
e
x
o
r th
at
s
tate
s
are
no
t
go
i
ng
ou
t
t
o
s
a
y
t
ha
t
t
h
ey
g
o
t
t
he
i
nfl
u
e
n
ce
f
rom
the
i
r
s
ur
rou
n
d
i
ngs.
T
h
e
ov
e
r
v
i
ew
o
f
the
a
b
i
l
it
y
of
ado
l
esce
n
t
s
to
m
aint
a
i
n
t
h
e se
l
f
t
ha
t is no
t
a
ffe
c
te
d
b
y
pee
rs,
b
ased
on t
h
e i
n
ter
v
ie
w a
s
f
o
l
lows:
"
.
..
I avoi
d t
h
e in
f
l
ue
nc
e be
c
a
u
s
e I have
m
o
re go
o
d
fri
e
nd
s .
.
. I am
picky
and j
o
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
of
religion ..."
(inform
a
nt 3)
"...
. I h
a
v
e no
t
a
c
ce
ssed
po
rno
g
r
ap
hy b
e
fo
re. On
ce
my
f
r
ie
n
d
ga
v
e
i
t
,
but
I di
d not
see
i
t
... i
t
i
s
n
o
t
g
ood
i
n
rel
i
gi
o
n
...
"
(inform
a
nt
4
)
"... I am afraid of religion a
nd
s
t
udy for the f
u
ture
firs
t
,
som
e
f
r
ien
d
s l
i
k
e
to
wa
tc
h
por
n i
n
sc
h
ool
from
the
i
r
ph
o
n
e and I stay
a
w
ay
from
t
h
em
.
.
.
"(
i
n
formant 5)
Base
d
on
the
inter
v
i
e
w
in
d
e
p
t
h
p
i
c
tur
e
o
f
t
h
e
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
d
o
l
e
scent
s
w
ho
b
eh
av
e
h
e
a
l
th
y
se
x
,
t
h
e
re
are
three
of
f
i
v
e
tee
n
ager
s
b
e
have
i
n
a
he
alth
y
se
x
life
.
T
he
y
h
a
v
e
a
s
t
r
on
g
p
r
in
cip
l
e
a
n
d
are
cap
ab
l
e
i
n
cho
o
s
i
ng fr
i
e
n
d
s.
S
o,
t
he
y ar
e not
t
o
be
a
ffe
c
t
ed
i
n
de
vi
an
t be
ha
v
i
or,
and t
h
e
r
e
i
s
t
he
a
bi
li
t
y
o
f
reli
gios
i
t
y
.
3.3.
Discussion
O
v
er
vi
e
w
o
f
p
e
r
s
ona
l
an
d
ex
terna
l
f
a
c
t
o
rs
r
elat
i
n
g
to
t
he
b
eha
v
ior
o
f
a
h
e
a
l
t
hy
se
x
i
n
a
do
lesce
n
t
s
So
ci
ety
of
Y
out
h
Asso
ci
at
ion
X,
t
h
e
re
i
s
t
h
e
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
t
he
e
m
o
t
i
ons,
t
h
e
ac
hi
e
v
em
ent
of
t
he dr
e
a
m
s
and
r
e
l
i
gi
os
i
t
y
a
tti
tu
des,
w
hil
e
t
he
over
v
ie
w
of
t
he
e
x
t
erna
l
a
ssoc
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
the
be
h
a
v
i
or
o
f
a
hea
l
t
hy
sex
i
s
bec
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
he
ir
f
am
il
y
fu
nc
t
i
o
n
o
r
a
pare
n
t
w
ho
a
l
w
a
ys
r
e
m
ind
t
e
en-r
el
ated
n
or
ms,
relig
io
n
a
n
d
l
i
ve
l
i
ne
ss
pare
n
t
s
i
n
w
or
sh
ip
a
nd
rel
i
g
ious
o
rga
n
iza
t
i
ons.
A
s
w
ell
a
s
t
he
t
e
e
n
's
a
bil
i
t
y
t
o
d
e
f
en
d
t
h
e
pr
inc
i
p
l
e
by
no
t
fo
l
l
ow
i
n
g
the
t
r
e
n
d
of
g
oin
g
out
a
n
d
f
o
r
ce
a
f
rie
nd
to d
o t
h
e
d
ev
ia
te.
Tee
n
s
th
at
a
re
a
bl
e
t
o
c
on
tro
l
t
hem
s
e
l
ves
me
an
t
he
y
a
r
e
ab
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
urge
o
r
des
i
re
w
it
hin
h
i
m
so
t
hat
be
ha
vio
r
c
an
b
e
c
o
ntro
ll
e
d
[
6].
The
i
n
abi
l
i
t
y
t
o
c
o
nt
r
o
l
i
n
a
p
e
r
so
n
me
ans
he
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
have
t
he
a
bi
l
i
t
y
to
p
r
e
par
e
,
g
u
i
d
e,
o
rga
n
ize
a
nd
di
r
e
c
t
f
or
ms
o
f
be
ha
vior
t
ha
t
c
an
l
ead
p
e
o
p
l
e
towa
rd
t
h
e
n
egat
i
v
e
con
s
eq
ue
n
c
es
[
7].
Th
is
i
s
a
c
c
o
rd
ing
to
r
esea
rch
K
h
a
i
r
u
nnisa
(
2
0
1
3
)
w
h
ic
h
e
x
pla
i
ns
t
ha
t
ther
e
i
s
a
r
e
l
a
t
ions
hi
p
be
t
w
ee
n
self-c
on
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
p
rem
a
r
i
ta
l
sexua
l
be
ha
v
i
or
[
8].
Low
self-c
on
t
r
ol
m
a
k
e
s
t
ee
ns
a
re
n
ot
a
b
l
e
t
o
o
rg
an
i
z
e
a
nd
direc
t
its
b
e
h
a
v
ior
so
t
hat
i
t
a
ppea
r
s
th
e
a
c
ti
on
is
n
o
t
c
on
t
r
o
lled
[9].
I
n
a
d
dit
i
o
n
,
r
e
sea
r
ch
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
ed
b
y
P
a
w
e
stri
(
201
2
)
s
how
e
d
a
s
ig
ni
fica
n
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
nsh
i
p
be
tw
ee
n
se
lf-
co
nce
p
t
a
n
d
se
lf-c
o
n
tr
ol
s
ex
ua
l
be
hav
i
or
i
n
stude
n
t
s
[10].
G
u
lom
a
n
(19
9
5
)
in
U
go
ji
(20
14)
a
l
s
o
s
t
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
tee
n
s
t
h
a
t
a
re
a
ble
to
c
on
tro
l
e
m
o
t
i
ons
w
ill
b
e
able
t
o
ha
n
d
l
e
t
he
p
r
e
ss
ure
p
r
ob
lem
s
t
ha
t
t
h
ey
f
ou
n
d
.
Th
ey
a
re
a
l
s
o
a
b
l
e
t
o
a
v
o
i
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
r
frie
nds
s
uc
h a
s
t
he te
m
p
t
at
i
o
n
to dri
nk a
l
c
o
h
o
l, dr
u
gs
a
nd
se
xu
al
b
eh
avi
o
r [
1
1
]
.
Th
is
i
s
c
o
nsist
e
nt
w
i
t
h
the
ph
enome
n
o
n
t
ha
t
occ
u
rs
i
n
a
d
o
l
esce
n
t
s
’
Yo
ut
h
As
so
ci
a
t
i
o
n
X.
T
h
e
y
state
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
are
no
t
go
i
ng
out
,
t
h
ey
w
e
r
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
ro
l
e
m
o
t
i
o
ns
w
he
n
g
e
tt
i
n
g
a
ngry
li
ke
t
w
i
s
t
t
o
s
i
l
e
nt
o
r
abl
u
tio
ns,
t
h
en
a
do
lesc
e
n
ce
i
s
als
o
a
ble
t
o
n
ot
b
e
a
f
fec
t
e
d
by
h
i
s
or
h
e
r
f
r
i
en
ds
t
o
do
thi
ngs
d
is
tor
t
ed.
D
e
spi
t
e
bei
n
g
in
t
he
e
n
v
ir
onm
en
t
a
t
r
isk
b
y
t
he
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
p
eer
s
w
ho
a
r
e
a
lre
a
dy
hav
i
ng
se
x,
y
o
ung
m
e
m
b
ers
of
t
he
com
m
uni
t
y
w
h
o
b
eha
v
e
se
x
u
al
ly
Y
ou
t
h
A
ssoc
i
a
t
i
on
X
c
l
a
i
me
d
t
o
m
a
inta
i
n
h
ea
l
t
h
y
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
be
ca
use
t
h
e
y
w
a
nt
t
o
ac
hie
v
e
yo
ur
g
oa
ls.
A
d
o
l
esce
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
sex
u
al
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
ha
ve
i
dea
l
s
su
da
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
li
k
e
w
a
nt
in
g
t
o
b
e
t
eac
hers,
sol
d
ie
rs,
pil
o
t
s
,
so
t
h
e
y
c
l
aim
e
d
sh
o
u
l
d
f
o
cu
s
on
l
e
a
rn
in
g
,
not
s
mo
kin
g
a
nd
n
ot
d
oi
ng
th
ing
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
n
o
t
usef
u
l
.
T
hus
t
hese
t
een
a
g
ers
ha
ve
a
sp
ire
d
t
o
b
e
a
chie
v
e
d
t
h
at
c
a
n
i
nspi
re
t
o
at
t
e
mp
t
to
ac
hi
e
v
e
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
b
e
h
a
v
e
awa
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
n
g
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
no
t
use
f
u
l
i
n
t
he
a
sso
cia
t
i
on.
A
d
o
le
scen
t
deve
l
opm
en
ta
l
ta
sk tha
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
one t
hrou
g
h
o
ne
o
f
t
h
em
i
s
a
b
l
e t
o
th
i
n
k
i
n
a
m
o
re
m
atu
r
e
and
rati
o
n
al,
and
has
a
m
o
re
m
ature
c
o
nsider
ati
on
i
n
r
eso
l
v
i
ng
t
h
e
pro
b
le
m
.
T
he
y
s
h
ou
l
d
b
e
a
b
le
t
o
d
e
vel
o
p
c
o
gn
iti
ve
a
n
d
mor
a
l
sta
n
dar
d
s
t
h
a
t
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
a
s
a
g
u
i
de
a
nd
e
ns
ure
co
ns
i
s
te
nc
y
i
n
d
e
c
is
ion
ma
k
i
ng
a
n
d
ac
ti
on.
I
n
ot
he
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
e
e
n
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
e
c
t
u
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
nce
p
t
i
on
is
n
ee
de
d
t
o
d
eterm
i
ne
t
he
b
ehav
i
o
r
and
idea
l
s
o
f
he
r
in
t
he
f
ut
ure
[4].
T
ee
nager
s
s
ho
u
l
d
be
a
b
l
e
t
o
se
t
goa
ls
a
nd
m
a
ssive
l
y
t
o
defe
n
d
a
n
d
t
ry
t
o
ma
ke
i
t
ha
ppe
n,
i
n
order
to
a
vo
i
d
n
e
g
at
i
v
e
effec
t
s
o
n
t
he
e
nv
i
r
onm
en
t
[12].
A
d
ol
e
s
cen
ts
w
ho
b
e
h
a
v
e
he
al
th
y
sex
bes
i
des
ha
vin
g
c
lea
r
i
de
a
l
s
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
lso
a
b
l
e
t
o
de
ve
lo
p
a
n
d
t
a
k
e
ad
v
a
nta
g
e
o
f
i
ts
a
bil
i
t
y
t
o
jo
in
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
us
ac
t
i
v
i
ti
e
s
. A
s
one of t
h
e
t
e
e
n
a
g
e
r
s w
ho
bec
o
m
e
t
eac
her
of
t
he
K
ora
n
in h
i
s
vil
l
a
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJERE
I
S
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
T
h
e
Ado
l
e
s
cen
t
s
Ov
erview w
i
t
h
Heal
thy
Sex
u
al Be
hav
i
o
r i
n
the
R
i
sk
y E
n
v
i
ronme
n
t
(S
it
ti
Nur Dja
n
n
a
h
)
22
5
A
c
c
o
rdi
ng
to
s
ou
r
c
e
s
i
n
the
c
o
mm
uni
ty
o
f
Y
o
u
t
h
A
sso
c
i
a
tio
n
X
c
h
ai
rm
a
n
s
ai
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
r
e
e
o
u
t
o
f
f
i
v
e
teena
g
ers
w
h
o
be
ha
ve
s
e
xua
lly
h
ea
l
t
h
y
i
s
a
m
o
sq
u
e
y
ou
th
a
c
tive
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
t
h
e
s
e
teena
g
ers
a
l
s
o
m
ela
k
sa
nan
pr
aye
r
f
ive
t
i
m
e
s
a
ref
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
of
o
ne
's
r
e
l
i
g
ios
i
t
y
.
Th
is
i
s
a
ccor
d
i
n
g
t
o
r
esea
rch
K
h
airu
n
n
isa
(2
01
3)
t
ha
t
Re
l
i
gi
os
ity
p
ro
ve
d
to
h
av
e
a
s
i
g
n
if
i
c
an
t
r
e
lat
i
onsh
i
p
t
o
p
rem
a
r
i
ta
l
se
x
u
al
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
w
ith p
>
0.0
5
.
Re
li
g
i
os
i
t
y
d
e
m
ons
trated thr
ou
g
h
r
e
l
i
g
io
us w
orshi
p, such as
t
he ru
n
n
i
ng of
re
lig
i
o
u
s
v
al
ues an
d
avo
i
ds
b
e
h
av
i
o
rs
t
hat
are
pro
h
i
b
ite
d
b
y
t
he
i
r
r
e
l
igi
o
n
[8].
A
in
i
(20
11)
a
l
s
o
sta
t
e
d
t
hat
t
h
ere
w
a
s
a
signi
fican
t
nega
t
i
ve
c
orr
e
lat
i
o
n
be
tw
ee
n
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
u
n
d
ersta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
rel
i
g
i
o
n
(re
li
g
i
o
s
i
t
y)
w
it
h
se
x
be
ha
v
i
or
i
n
ado
l
esce
n
t
s,
w
he
re
t
he
h
i
g
he
r
-
level
u
nde
rst
a
nd
i
ng
of
r
el
i
g
ion
(
re
lig
ios
ity
),
t
hen
t
h
e
l
o
w
e
r
the
fr
ee
sex
,
a
nd
v
i
c
e
v
e
rs
a
[13
]
.
An
o
t
h
e
r
stu
d
y
by
A
nd
i
s
t
i
a
n
d
Ri
t
a
nd
i
yono
(
20
08
)
ge
t
th
e
re
sul
t
t
ha
t
th
e
hig
h
e
r
t
he
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
s
i
t
y
the
l
o
w
e
r
the
fre
e
s
ex
ual
be
ha
v
i
or,
an
d
con
v
er
se
ly
t
he
l
ow
e
r
t
h
e
re
l
i
gi
osit
y
t
h
e
hi
g
h
e
r
t
he
f
r
ee
sex
beha
v
i
or
[
1
4
].
R
e
lig
ios
i
t
y
or r
e
lig
io
us a
ffi
l
i
a
t
i
o
ns are
in
t
o a
fortre
ss a
n
d
t
h
e
n
orm
fo
r
som
e
one
to ac
t
.
A
perso
n w
i
th
a
low
leve
l
of
r
e
ligi
o
s
ity
i
s
n
o
t
h
i
s
rel
i
g
i
on
w
e
l
l
,
s
o
it
co
u
l
d
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
so
me
one
b
e
h
a
v
e
s
i
n
a
ccor
d
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
the
t
e
ac
h
i
n
g
s
o
f
h
is
r
el
i
g
i
o
n.
U
go
ji
(
2
0
14)
a
lso
fin
d
t
ha
t
i
n
vo
l
v
em
e
n
t
i
n
r
e
lig
io
us
i
ns
tit
u
tio
ns
c
a
n
i
ncre
ase
t
h
e
like
l
i
h
oo
d
of
t
e
e
ns
t
o
ha
ve
c
ol
lea
g
u
e
s
w
ho
ha
ve
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
pre
m
arital
sex
l
i
m
i
t
.
T
his
i
s
b
ec
aus
e
teena
g
ers
are
ac
t
i
ve
i
n
the
fiel
d
o
f
r
el
ig
io
n
wi
ll
inc
r
ea
se
c
on
ta
c
t
w
it
h
ad
ul
ts
w
ho
m
ay
b
e
infl
ue
nt
ia
l
in
moni
t
o
ri
ng t
h
e
m
to de
lay se
x
u
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
co
ur
se
[11]
.
Th
is
i
s
in
acc
orda
nc
e
w
i
th
t
he
o
p
i
n
i
on
of
t
he
c
ha
i
r
ma
n
of
t
he
c
om
mun
i
ty
o
f
TWB
st
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
teena
g
ers
w
h
o
beha
ve
h
ea
l
t
h
y
sex
a
l
w
a
ys
r
e
f
use
d
w
hen
in
vi
t
e
d
fo
r
a
d
r
in
k
a
nd
goi
ng
o
ut
,
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
ey
w
il
l
alw
a
ys
k
e
e
p
th
eir
beha
v
i
or
a
s
re
l
i
g
i
ous
t
ee
n
a
gers.
S
a
ntroc
k
(
20
0
7
)
also
a
rgue
s
t
h
a
t
r
eli
g
i
o
n
is
i
n
f
lue
n
t
i
a
l
i
n
the
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
of
s
e
xua
l
a
c
t
i
v
it
y
i
n
a
do
le
sc
ent
s
.
Te
ens
w
ho
fr
eque
ntl
y
v
i
s
ite
d
reli
g
i
ou
s
se
rvices
a
re
m
or
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
to
h
e
a
r
ad
vi
c
e
t
o
a
b
st
ai
n
fro
m
s
ex
.
The
in
vol
v
e
me
nt
o
f
t
he
y
o
u
t
h
i
n
a
r
eli
g
ious
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
y
a
l
so
incre
a
se
t
he
c
hance
s
t
hat
th
e
y
w
il
l
m
a
ke
frie
nds
w
ith
t
ee
ns
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
an
a
t
t
i
t
ud
e
th
at
d
o
e
s
no
t
ap
p
r
ov
e
of
prem
ar
i
t
a
l
s
e
x
[
1].
This
o
cc
ur
s
in
a
d
o
l
esce
nts
of
T
WB
w
h
o
c
an
m
a
i
nt
ai
n
h
e
al
t
h
y
se
xu
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
io
r,
a
l
t
h
ough
the
y
a
re
r
isk
y
.
These
tee
n
s
w
e
re
a
c
tive
in
r
e
l
i
g
io
us
a
c
t
iv
iti
es
a
s
a
tea
c
her
of
t
he
K
o
r
an
a
nd
par
e
n
t
s
be
com
e
a
role
m
ode
l
in re
l
i
g
io
us
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s.
Tee
n
s w
h
o b
e
h
a
ve hea
lth
y se
x
a
l
s
o
s
t
a
t
e
d
t
h
at pare
n
t
s
ac
t
a
s
a
fact
or of protec
t
i
o
n
to ke
e
p
rem
ind
i
ng
them
a
bo
u
t
t
h
e
n
orm
s
a
nd
r
e
lig
io
n,
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
on
t
he
d
e
s
i
r
e
ad
ole
scen
ts
t
o
c
o
m
p
ly
w
ith
a
n
y
a
dv
ice
from
h
e
r
pare
n
t
s.
P
a
r
ent
a
l
pro
t
ec
ti
on
f
unc
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
ovide
s
a
d
vic
e
a
nd
re
lig
i
ous
r
ol
e
mode
l
t
o
t
e
e
nage
rs.
P
a
re
nt
s,
f
or
exa
m
ple
sh
oul
d
ha
ve
g
o
o
d
com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
lose
ne
ss
w
i
t
h
t
ee
na
ge
rs
t
h
a
t
wil
l
a
f
f
ect
you
ng
p
eo
pl
e
'
s
beha
v
i
or.
Th
is
i
s
in
line
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
S
e
tyada
n
i
(2
01
3)
w
hic
h
s
tate
s
t
h
a
t
the
lac
k
o
f
a
tte
n
t
i
on
fro
m
t
he
f
am
il
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
abs
e
n
c
e
o
f
fi
gu
re
a
r
ole
m
o
del
i
s
a
t
h
i
ng
t
ha
t
e
n
c
o
urage
s
t
e
e
n
s
to
h
a
v
e
sex
be
fo
re
m
ar
ri
a
g
e.
P
a
r
en
t
s
w
ho
do
n
o
t
e
s
t
a
b
l
is
h
c
o
m
m
unica
tio
n
a
nd
pr
ov
i
d
e
e
d
uca
t
i
o
n
an
d
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
cou
l
d
p
l
un
ge
t
heir
c
hil
d
o
n
w
r
ong
t
h
i
n
gs
[
1
5
]
.
Ol
a
D
i
p
upo
(
2
0
1
4
)
s
t
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
p
a
r
en
t
a
l
i
nvol
v
e
ment
i
s
v
e
ry
i
mpo
r
t
a
nt
f
or
d
ev
e
l
op
ment
a
n
d
form
ati
o
n of
b
eha
v
i
o
r
on a
d
ole
s
c
e
n
ts [1
6
]
.
Re
sear
ch
V
e
r
o
n
a
(2
01
1)
a
l
s
o
sta
t
e
d
t
ha
t
se
xua
l
be
hav
i
or
i
s
m
o
re
c
om
mon
a
m
on
g
a
d
ol
escen
ts
w
h
o
do
n
o
t
ha
ve
a
c
lo
se
r
ela
t
i
o
nshi
p
w
i
t
h
t
he
ir
p
are
n
t
s
.
Th
is
i
s
re
la
t
e
d
to
t
he
p
r
o
x
i
m
i
ty
o
f
m
u
tua
l
m
ai
n
t
a
i
n
an
d
respe
c
t
be
tw
ee
n
pare
n
t
s
a
n
d
teena
g
ers.
T
he
r
ole
o
f
p
are
n
t
s
i
s
t
o
se
t
ru
le
s
and
d
i
sc
ip
l
i
n
e
f
or
t
he
ir
c
hil
d
re
n.
The
i
r
cl
ose
n
es
s
be
tw
e
e
n
pa
re
nt
s
a
n
d
tee
n
s
c
a
n
c
r
ea
te
a
f
e
e
l
i
ng
of
m
ut
ua
l
re
sp
e
c
t
a
nd
l
o
v
e,
w
hile
t
ee
n
a
gers
w
ho
a
r
e
ha
vin
g
t
e
n
si
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
p
ar
en
t
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
t
h
e
o
t
he
r
ca
n
lea
d
t
o
d
ep
res
s
io
n
whi
c
h
ca
n
c
a
u
s
e
t
e
en
s
to
f
i
n
d
frie
nds
w
h
o
a
re
f
re
e a
nd ar
e
sexua
l
l
y ac
tive
, c
aus
i
n
g
t
he
a
ffe
c
ted
t
eena
g
ers
to
e
nga
ge
i
n sexua
l
ac
ti
vi
ty
[
17].
Th
is
i
s
c
ons
is
te
nt
w
i
t
h
the
r
e
su
lt
s
of
i
n-de
pth
i
n
terv
ie
w
s
c
on
d
ucte
d
on
o
n
e
o
f
t
he
t
ee
na
ge
m
em
bers
of
T
WB
w
h
i
c
h
s
ta
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
h
e
is
r
eluc
ta
nt
t
o
c
o
mm
it
s
e
x
ua
l
beha
v
i
o
r
i
n
a
do
l
e
sce
n
ts
f
or
f
ea
r
of
e
mba
r
ra
ssi
ng
pare
n
t
s
i
n
c
ase
of
p
re
gna
nc
y.
T
his
r
e
su
l
t
i
s
sup
p
o
rted
by
the
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
r
e
sea
r
ch
M
ubar
oka
h
(2
01
5)
w
hic
h
st
a
t
es
t
hat
ad
o
l
esce
nts
w
h
o
h
a
ve
t
he
a
tt
i
t
u
d
e
t
o
r
e
fuse
t
he
p
re
ma
ri
t
a
l
se
xu
al
b
eh
avi
o
r
bo
th
o
n
yo
ung
w
o
m
e
n
and
m
e
n
ha
ve
a
t
ri
g
g
er
f
a
c
t
or
o
f
t
r
ust
w
h
ic
h
is
signifi
c
a
nt
others
a
bou
t
t
h
e
n
e
ed
t
o
a
voi
d
t
r
i
g
g
e
ring
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
and
to
s
t
r
en
g
t
he
n self-c
on
tro
l
e
i
t
her
in t
he
i
nt
e
r
nal or
exte
r
n
al fact
ors
[1
8].
The
teena
g
ers
w
ho
be
ha
ve
h
ea
lt
hy
sex
fe
lt
t
h
e
i
r
par
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
ac
t
i
v
e
a
nd
par
tic
ipa
t
e
in
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
us
orga
niza
t
i
o
n
s,
do
t
h
e
pr
ac
tice
of
o
b
l
iga
t
or
y
pr
ayer
s
an
d
s
u
nna
h
tah
a
ju
d
,
and
g
i
ve
a
dvic
e
.
T
he
refore
t
h
e
y
tr
y
to kee
p t
h
e
sa
k
e
o
f the
i
r
fam
i
l
y
and
do not do sexual beha
v
i
o
r
t
h
at de
v
i
a
t
e
s fr
om
t
he
norm
.
The
y
a
ls
o
are
not
f
or
ced
t
o
p
e
rfor
m
sex
u
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
ior
as
t
hi
s
gro
up
s
a
i
d
t
h
ey
d
o
not
h
av
e
a
cl
o
s
e
frie
nd
w
ho
t
h
in
ks
free
se
xu
al
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r.
T
hey
are
ab
le
t
o
perfor
m
self-li
m
i
t
i
ng
a
n
d
have
b
een
a
bl
e
t
o
deter
m
i
n
e
a
g
o
o
d
a
n
d
u
s
e
fu
l
be
hav
i
or.
The
y
onl
y
ga
t
h
er
ed
w
ith
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
t
o
d
i
sc
uss
or
i
n
a
n
e
ven
t
.
Th
is
i
s
ac
cord
in
g
to
r
e
s
ea
rch
Ro
sda
r
ni
(
2
0
1
5
)
w
h
ic
h
s
t
a
t
es
t
ha
t
a
d
ol
e
s
c
en
ts
w
h
o
h
ave
low
sel
f
-e
ffic
acy
a
re
l
i
k
e
l
y
to
beha
ve
in pr
e
m
arital se
xua
l 1.71
t
i
m
e
s co
m
p
are
d
t
o tee
n
s w
ho ha
ve a h
ig
h e
f
fica
cy.
T
h
i
s
is be
ca
use t
eena
g
ers
ca
nno
t
re
sist
p
rem
a
r
i
ta
l
se
x
u
a
l
ri
sk
b
eh
av
ior
[
1
9
]
.
Aru
m
sa
ri
(
2
0
1
6
)
i
n
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
y
a
l
s
o
s
t
a
t
e
s
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
s
t
h
a
t
are
a
b
l
e
t
o c
o
n
t
r
o
l
them
se
lv
e
s
ar
e
capa
b
l
e
of
orga
niz
i
ng
i
tse
l
f
t
ow
a
r
ds m
or
e
p
o
si
tiv
e.
It is
d
iffer
e
nt
fr
o
m
teen
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2252-
8822
IJERE
V
ol
.
6,
N
o.
3,
S
eptem
b
er
20
17 :
2
2
1
– 226
22
6
w
ho
ca
nn
o
t
c
o
n
tr
ol
t
he
mse
l
v
e
s
w
i
l
l
h
a
v
e
trou
b
l
e
in
a
djus
t
i
ng
to
t
he
e
n
v
i
ronme
n
t
so
t
ha
t
in
di
v
i
dua
l
w
i
ll
ha
ve
nega
t
i
ve
e
ffec
t
s [20].
Th
ei
r
ab
i
lit
y
to
n
o
t
b
e
a
ffe
c
t
e
d
t
o
th
e
a
c
t
i
v
iti
es
p
e
r
f
o
rmed
h
i
s
f
r
i
e
nd
s
du
e
to
t
h
e
a
tt
en
tion
o
f
p
a
rent
s
w
ho
a
l
w
a
ys
r
em
i
nd
tee
n
s
ab
ou
t
t
h
e
norm
s
a
nd
rel
i
gi
o
n
.
P
a
r
e
nts
i
n
thes
e
ado
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
a
lso
ga
ve
a
m
od
e
l
o
r
trai
n
tee
n
s
in
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
estab
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
r
ela
t
i
o
nshi
ps
w
i
t
h
p
eer
s,
a
n
d
thi
n
ki
n
g
t
o
sor
t
o
ut
w
hic
h
i
s
go
od
a
n
d
ba
d
in
flue
nce
s
[
1]
.
S
o
t
h
a
t
oc
curs
i
n
a
d
ole
s
c
e
n
t
s
com
m
unit
y
T
WB
w
ho
b
eh
av
e
sexu
all
y
h
eal
thy
,
w
h
e
re
t
ee
n
a
g
e
rs
w
ho
d
o
not
w
a
n
t
t
o
i
mi
ta
te
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
ior
o
f
t
he
ir
n
e
g
at
i
v
e
p
e
e
r
s
a
s
dri
n
ki
ng
be
cau
se
t
e
e
n
a
ge
rs
h
a
v
e
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
s
and
gu
ida
n
c
e
o
f
par
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
cou
n
se
le
d
n
o
t
t
o
f
oll
o
w
th
ings
t
ha
t
a
re
n
e
g
a
t
iv
e
b
e
cau
se
i
t
can
h
arm
t
h
e
m
se
l
v
es
and
alw
a
ys fo
l
l
o
w
t
h
e
tea
c
h
in
gs
o
f
rel
i
g
i
ous
nor
ms.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
P
e
rsonal
a
n
d
e
x
ter
n
al
o
verv
ie
w
of
t
ee
nage
m
em
bers
o
f
Y
o
u
t
h
A
sso
c
i
atio
n
X
wh
o
h
a
ve
r
e
p
ro
du
ct
iv
e
beha
v
i
or
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
y
s
e
x
ua
li
ty
i
s
in
flue
nced
by
m
a
jor
e
x
te
rnal
fa
c
t
ors,
n
a
m
ely
set
t
i
n
g
u
p
a
n
d
fu
nc
t
i
on
in
g
o
f
fa
mil
i
e
s
,
es
pe
cia
l
l
y
i
n
term
s
o
f
r
e
lig
i
o
sit
y
a
nd
pe
er
s
e
l
ec
ti
on
a
nd
ach
i
e
vi
ng
g
o
a
ls
b
y
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
.
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
h
o
l
d
t
h
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
d
e
a
l
s
a
l
s
o
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
s
i
t
y
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
i
n
ado
l
esce
n
t
s.
It
i
s e
x
pec
t
e
d
t
hat pa
ren
t
s are
able
t
o prov
i
d
e
,
a
dvic
e
an
d
be
c
om
e a
r
o
l
e
m
ode
l
to
t
een
ag
e
r
s,
c
are
a
n
d
con
s
ta
n
tly
r
e
m
in
d
a
d
o
l
e
s
ce
n
t
s
in
r
e
l
at
i
on
t
o
norm
s
a
n
d
r
e
lig
i
o
n
s
o
tha
t
t
he
y
a
r
e
ab
le
t
o
co
n
t
ro
l
t
h
em
sel
v
es
and
se
t goa
ls t
hro
u
g
h
t
heir
dre
am
s
and
avo
i
d dev
i
a
n
t be
ha
vi
ors
inc
l
ud
i
n
g
pre
m
arit
a
l
sex
ual
be
ha
vi
or.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
J. W.
Santro
ck, “A
doles
cense,
”
E
rlan
gg
a, J
akarta,
20
07.
[2]
BKK
B
N,
“
Th
e
Di
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
the
M
a
t
e
rial
H
e
l
p
s
T
ee
n
a
gers
R
ec
o
g
n
i
ze
Hi
mself,
D
i
r
ectorat
e
of
A
d
o
l
e
scence
an
d
P
r
ot
ectio
n
of
Repro
du
cti
v
e
Ri
ghts,
”
Jakart
a Tim
u
r,
B
KKBN
,
2
008.
[3]
BKK
B
N,
“In
dones
i
a
D
e
mo
graphi
c
and
Health
S
urvey
2
012
,
”
J
ak
arta
,
BKKBN
,
201
3.
[4]
S
o
et
jinin
g
sih
,
“
Gro
w
y
outh
and
th
e
pro
b
l
e
m
,
” Jak
a
rta,
C
V
Ag
ung
S
e
t
o
,
201
0
.
[5]
Research
T
eam
P
S
W
UGM
,
“
T
e
e
n
Pro
f
il
e
in
Y
o
g
yak
a
rta
S
p
eci
al
R
eg
i
on
:
Cas
e
S
tud
i
es
a
nd
Rep
r
od
uct
i
ve
H
ealt
h
Policy o
f
A
doles
cents,”
Y
o
g
y
a
kart
a
,
C
oo
pera
t
i
on
w
ith
M
inistry o
f W
o
m
e
n
Em
po
werm
en
t,
2
00
6
.
[6]
S
.
W
. S
a
rwo
no, “
Ad
o
l
escent
Psycho
lo
gy
,” Jak
arta, Raj
awali P
r
es
s
, 20
1
3
.
[7]
M
.
N
.
Gh
u
f
ro
n
a
n
d
R.
R
is
nawita S
.
,
“
P
s
y
c
holog
ic
al
T
h
e
ori
e
s,
”
J
o
gjak
art
a
, A
r-Ru
zz m
e
di
a, 2
010
.
[8]
A.
K
hairunisa,
“
Re
ligiusity
a
nd
Self
-Control
R
e
l
a
tion
s
hi
p
s
w
i
t
h
S
ex
ual
Behav
i
o
r
o
f
A
dol
esce
n
t
s
in
M
AN
1
S
a
m
a
rind
a,”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
s
of
psych
olog
y
, v
ol
/issu
e: 1
(2
), pp
.
2
20
-2
29
, 2
01
3
.
[9]
G.
C
.
Ru
n
t
uk
a
h
u,
et a
l
.
,
“R
e
l
a
t
io
nship
o
f
S
e
l
f
C
o
ntrol
w
i
th
S
mo
king
B
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
Y
ou
th
a
m
ong
S
M
K
N
1
Bit
u
n
g
,
”
Jur
n
a
l
of e-Bio
m
e
di
k
(
e
bm),
v
o
l/i
ssue
: 3(1
)
, pp
.
8
4-9
2
, 2
01
5.
[10]
Pa
we
str
i
,
et a
l
.
,
“
K
n
o
wled
ge,
A
t
t
i
t
udes
an
d A
dolescen
t Beh
a
vi
or
o
n P
r
em
arit
al
S
ex
,”
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Ma
ter
n
ity Nu
rsing,
vo
l/issue:
1
(1
),
pp.
46-5
4
,
2
0
13.
[11]
F
.
N
.
U
g
o
j
i
,
“
D
e
termin
ant
s
o
f
Risk
y
S
e
x
u
al
B
eha
v
io
urs
am
ong
S
e
c
on
da
r
y
S
c
h
o
o
l
Stu
d
e
nt
s
in
D
el
ta
S
t
a
te
N
igeria,”
In
te
tn
a
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Ado
l
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Y
o
uth,
v
ol/issu
e:
1
9(3
)
,
pp
.
4
08
-418
,
2
0
1
4
.
[12]
Suwart
i
and
T.
P
inandita,
“Desc
r
i
p
tion
o
f
S
ex
A
dolescent
Behavi
o
r
i
n
Pu
rwok
e
r
to
,”
Sa
in
te
k
s
,
vo
l/i
ssue
:
9(2
)
,
p
p
.
5
6
-6
1, 2
01
4.
[13]
L.
N
.
A
i
n
i
,
“Re
l
igion
Rel
a
t
i
onsh
i
p
R
el
a
t
i
on
w
i
th
F
ree
S
e
x
Behav
ior
in
T
e
e
ns
a
t
SM
AN
1
Bangsal
Mojokerto,
”
J
o
urna
l o
f
Nu
rs
in
g
,
v
o
l/issu
e:
1
(
1
), 20
1
1
.
[14]
An
di
sti
M
.
A
.
an
d
Rit
a
nd
iy
ono,
“
Reli
g
i
osity
and
Free
S
e
x
B
e
h
a
vi
or
i
n
Ea
r
l
y
Ad
u
l
th
oo
d
,
”
Jou
r
na
l o
f
Ps
ycho
l
og
y,
vo
l/issue:
1
(2
),
pp.
170
-17
6
,
2008.
[15]
A.
S
.
S
e
t
y
ad
ani
,
“
Rep
r
o
d
u
c
ti
ve
H
ealt
h
B
e
h
avi
o
r
on
S
t
reet
C
hild
r
e
n
w
it
h
A
c
ti
ve
S
e
x
i
n
S
e
ma
r
a
n
g
C
it
y
,
”
J
o
urna
l o
f
Public Hea
l
t
h
,
Vo
l/issue:
9
(1
),
p
p
.
30-3
6
,
20
13.
[16]
O.
B
.
O.
O
ladi
p
u
po
a
nd
V
i
at
onu
O,
“
Inf
l
u
e
nce
of
F
am
ily
C
h
a
racte
rist
ic
s
a
n
d
C
u
ltur
a
l
N
or
ms
o
n
Pre
-
Ma
rita
l
Se
x
Am
o
ng
Seco
nd
a
r
y
S
c
ho
ol
S
tu
de
nt
s
i
n
O
jo
L
o
cal
G
overn
m
e
nt
A
rea
of
L
a
g
o
s
S
t
a
t
e
N
i
g
e
r
i
a
,
”
Eur
o
pean Scient
i
f
ic
J
o
urna
l,
vo
l/is
su
e:
1
0(5),
p
p
.
2
31
-2
42
,
2
014
.
[17]
A.
P
.
Veron
a
,
“E
xp
lanatio
ns
f
o
r
r
eli
g
i
ous
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
a
d
o
l
e
sce
n
t
s
e
x
ua
l
be
h
a
vior
i
n
Bra
z
i
l
:
d
ir
e
c
t
a
n
d
i
nd
ire
c
t
ef
f
ects,
”
Revi
s
t
a
B
rasi
l
e
ira
de
Est
u
dos de
Populaç
ã
o
,
vol/i
ss
ue:
28(1),
pp.
1
8
7
-2
01,
2
0
1
1
.
[18]
K.
M
u
b
a
r
o
k
a
h
,
“In
i
t
i
a
t
io
n
Proc
e
s
s
of
S
e
x
ua
l
Be
h
a
vior
P
ra
nik
a
h
t
o
S
t
uden
t
s
i
n
t
he
c
ity
o
f
S
e
maran
g
,
”
He
a
l
th
y
J
o
urna
l,
vo
l/is
sue:
1
(1
),
p
p.
3
7
-
42,
2
0
1
5
.
[19]
Ros
d
arni
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
I
nf
luen
ce
o
f
P
erso
na
l
F
a
cto
r
s
on
P
r
em
arita
l
S
e
x
u
al
B
ehav
ior
in
A
doles
cents,”
J
o
u
r
na
l of
Nat
i
ona
l
Pub
lic Heal
th
, vo
l/i
ssue
: 9(3
)
,
p
p
. 2
14
-2
2
1
, 2
01
5.
[20]
C.
A
rumsari
,
“
Indiv
i
d
u
a
l
Cou
ns
e
lin
g
wit
h
S
ym
boli
c
M
od
elin
g Tech
niqu
e
s
o
n
Enh
a
n
c
in
g
Se
l
f
-Con
tr
ol,
”
Counseling
jo
ur
nal G
u
sjig
a
n
g
,
v
o
l
/
i
s
s
u
e
: 2
(
1), p
p.
1-1
1,
2
01
6.
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