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a
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he cu
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of t
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e pres
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rv
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teacher i
n early
c
hildho
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M
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lg
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éndez
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RAC
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A
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ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
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Oct
9
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2
0
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3
R
ev
is
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J
an
2
1
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2
0
2
4
Acc
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ted
Ma
r
5
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2
0
2
4
Th
e
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jec
ti
v
e
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f
t
h
is
re
se
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to
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th
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e
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is
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o
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e
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ty
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m
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su
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n
d
th
e
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o
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m
e
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ib
li
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ra
p
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e
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e
th
o
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y
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se
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e
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e
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e
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p
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to
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y
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e
x
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su
s.
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o
r
t
h
is
p
u
r
p
o
se
,
th
e
re
g
istry
o
f
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c
e
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ters
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a
n
d
d
e
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h
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ish
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n
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t
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s
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p
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6
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.
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wise
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1
0
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su
b
jec
ts
with
m
a
t
h
e
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t
h
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v
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a
lt
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o
u
g
h
o
n
l
y
9
9
a
re
a
v
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il
a
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le
fo
r
a
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M
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o
m
p
u
lso
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y
,
h
a
v
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a
st
u
d
y
lo
a
d
o
f
si
x
Eu
r
o
p
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a
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c
re
d
it
tran
sfe
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m
(
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)
c
re
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it
s,
a
n
d
a
re
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i
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th
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h
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d
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ly
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trate
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o
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a
n
d
m
o
stl
y
o
n
b
o
o
k
re
fe
re
n
c
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
y
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
a
n
aly
s
is
E
ar
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
Ma
th
em
atica
l
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
T
ea
ch
in
g
g
u
id
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
C
ar
m
en
L
eó
n
-
Ma
n
ter
o
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Ma
th
em
atics,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
U
n
iv
er
s
id
ad
d
e
C
ó
r
d
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b
a
San
Alb
er
to
Ma
g
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o
s
/n
1
4
0
7
1
C
ó
r
d
o
b
a
E
s
p
a
ñ
a
,
Sp
ain
E
m
ail:
cm
leo
n
@
u
co
.
es
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
ar
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tag
e
th
at
is
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
b
ein
g
s
s
in
ce
it
is
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
eir
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
b
a
s
ic
s
k
ill
s
ar
e
laid
in
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
en
s
e,
th
e
ag
e
at
w
h
ich
th
e
y
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
o
cial
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Fro
m
an
ea
r
ly
ag
e,
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
ar
e
ac
q
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
,
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
ey
d
ev
elo
p
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
,
ac
q
u
ir
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ab
ilit
ies,
lear
n
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
ei
r
wis
h
es
an
d
f
ee
lin
g
s
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
ac
ad
em
ically
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
is
s
tag
e
in
clu
d
e
ar
t,
th
ea
te
r
,
m
u
s
ic,
g
am
es,
m
o
v
em
e
n
t,
s
cien
ce
,
m
ath
em
atics,
liter
ac
y
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
,
a
n
d
tr
ip
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
[
5
]
.
T
h
ese
asp
ec
ts
an
aly
ze
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
in
itial
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
ter
esti
n
g
an
d
r
elev
an
t,
as
th
ey
will
b
e
th
e
o
n
es
wh
o
will
lead
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
is
ag
e
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
ess
es.
T
r
ain
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
e
r
s
d
o
es n
o
t
b
elo
n
g
to
a
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
d
is
cip
lin
e
s
in
ce
it
in
teg
r
ates
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
d
is
cip
lin
es
s
u
ch
a
s
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
s
o
cio
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
as
well
as
d
id
ac
tics
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
lan
g
u
ag
e,
m
ath
em
ati
cs,
s
o
cial
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
cien
ce
s
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
er
s
ac
q
u
ir
e
co
m
p
lete
co
m
p
eten
ce
to
b
e
tu
to
r
s
an
d
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
R
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c
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N:
2252
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8
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2
2
Ma
th
ema
tics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la
o
f th
e
p
r
eser
vice
…
(
Ma
r
ía
d
e
lo
s
Á
n
g
eles H
id
a
lg
o
-
Mén
d
ez
)
3475
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
0
to
6
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e
[
7
]
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
is
tr
ain
in
g
m
u
s
t
b
e
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
as
well
as
tr
ain
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g
th
e
m
to
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
th
ei
r
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
g
en
er
atin
g
d
id
ac
tic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
tr
ain
in
g
th
em
to
b
e
a
b
le
to
d
esig
n
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
es
[
8
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
itial
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
was
n
o
t
v
iewe
d
t
h
is
way
u
n
til
r
elativ
ely
r
ec
en
tly
,
as
it
h
as
ch
an
g
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
h
is
to
r
y
to
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
we
k
n
o
w
to
d
ay
.
Fo
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e,
it
was
th
o
u
g
h
t
th
at
ca
r
in
g
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
was
a
task
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
u
ch
p
atien
ce
b
u
t
litt
le
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
.
I
t
d
id
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
p
ec
if
i
c
s
u
b
jects
s
in
ce
o
n
ly
th
e
ca
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
was
p
r
ac
ticed
,
wh
er
e
all
th
at
was
n
ec
ess
ar
y
was to
en
ter
tain
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
th
e
in
f
a
n
ts
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
e
1
8
th
an
d
ea
r
l
y
1
9
th
ce
n
tu
r
ies,
v
ar
io
u
s
n
o
n
-
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
in
Sp
ain
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
C
áted
r
a
d
e
E
d
u
ca
ció
n
,
th
e
J
u
n
ta
d
e
E
x
ám
en
es,
th
e
R
e
al
I
n
s
titu
to
Militar
Pes
talo
zz
ian
o
an
d
th
e
E
s
cu
ela
Mu
tu
a
d
e
Ma
d
r
i
d
,
wh
ich
wer
e
th
e
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
ch
o
o
l
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
,
th
at
is
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
r
m
al
s
ch
o
o
l
f
o
r
m
en
in
Sp
a
in
.
So
m
e
y
ea
r
s
later
,
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
f
tea
ch
er
s
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
as
n
o
r
m
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
lo
ca
ted
o
n
in
ad
eq
u
ate
p
r
em
is
es,
with
p
o
o
r
ly
p
aid
s
taf
f
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
ca
th
o
lic
ch
u
r
c
h
.
I
n
th
ese
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
teac
h
e
r
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
litt
le
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
tr
ain
in
g
,
wh
ich
was
v
e
r
y
p
r
ac
tical.
I
t w
as e
x
ac
er
b
ated
b
y
f
em
ale
teac
h
er
s
,
wh
o
h
a
d
to
d
ev
o
te
p
a
r
t o
f
t
h
eir
tim
e
to
d
o
m
esti
c
wo
r
k
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
law
“
L
ey
d
e
I
n
s
tr
u
cc
ió
n
Pú
b
lica
d
e
9
d
e
s
ep
tiem
b
r
e
”
[
1
1
]
,
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
Mo
y
a
n
o
L
a
w,
in
clu
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
tim
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
in
its
C
h
ap
ter
I
I
I
,
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
was
n
o
t
u
n
til
th
e
law
“
L
e
y
1
4
/1
9
7
0
,
d
e
4
d
e
A
g
o
s
to
,
Gen
er
al
d
e
E
d
u
c
ac
ió
n
y
Fin
an
ciam
i
en
to
d
e
la
R
ef
o
r
m
a
E
d
u
ca
tiv
a
”
[
1
2
]
th
at
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
was
in
clu
d
ed
as
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
r
ef
er
r
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ically
to
p
r
esch
o
o
l
teac
h
e
r
s
.
Sin
ce
th
en
,
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
h
as
ev
o
lv
ed
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
with
a
lo
w
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
to
a
d
eg
r
ee
i
n
teg
r
ated
with
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
7
]
.
W
h
en
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
th
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
er
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
h
e
is
n
o
t,
n
o
r
s
h
o
u
ld
h
e
b
e
a
m
ath
em
atics
s
p
ec
ialis
t,
b
u
t
m
u
s
t
k
n
o
w
an
d
m
aster
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
m
ath
em
atics
as
a
d
is
cip
lin
e,
th
e
teac
h
in
g
o
f
m
ath
e
m
atics.
Ma
th
em
atics;
is
ca
lled
“
Ped
ag
o
g
ical
Ma
th
em
atics
”
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
Sp
ain
,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
of
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
t
ea
ch
er
is
r
eg
u
lated
by
th
e
law
“
R
eso
lu
ció
n
d
e
1
7
d
e
d
iciem
b
r
e
d
e
2
0
0
7
,
d
e
la
S
ec
r
etar
ía
d
e
E
s
tad
o
d
e
Un
iv
er
s
id
ad
es
e
I
n
v
esti
g
ac
ió
n
,
p
o
r
la
q
u
e
s
e
p
u
b
lica
el
Acu
er
d
o
d
e
C
o
n
s
ejo
d
e
Min
is
tr
o
s
d
e
1
4
d
e
d
iciem
b
r
e
d
e
2
0
0
7
,
p
o
r
el
q
u
e
s
e
estab
lece
n
las
co
n
d
icio
n
es
a
las
q
u
e
d
eb
er
á
n
ad
ec
u
ar
s
e
lo
s
p
l
an
es
d
e
estu
d
io
s
co
n
d
u
ce
n
tes
a
la
o
b
ten
ció
n
d
e
títu
lo
s
q
u
e
h
ab
ilit
en
p
ar
a
el
ejer
cicio
d
e
la
p
r
o
f
esió
n
r
eg
u
l
ad
a
d
e
Ma
estro
e
n
E
d
u
ca
ció
n
I
n
f
a
n
til
”
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
ese
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
tr
ain
e
d
in
th
e
Facu
lties
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
r
e
ce
iv
e
g
en
e
r
al
d
i
d
ac
tic
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
tr
ai
n
in
g
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
y
ac
q
u
ir
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
k
ills
r
elate
d
to
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
th
e
y
will
wo
r
k
with
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
tag
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
teac
h
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
t
r
ain
ed
to
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
,
an
d
b
u
ild
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
ey
m
u
s
t
also
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
k
ills
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
ath
em
atica
l c
o
m
p
et
en
cies in
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
k
n
o
win
g
an
d
m
an
ag
in
g
ess
en
tial
m
a
th
em
atica
l
elem
en
ts
(
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
s
y
m
b
o
ls
,
g
eo
m
etr
ic
elem
e
n
ts
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
)
in
r
ea
l
o
r
s
im
u
lated
d
aily
life
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
lead
to
s
o
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
a
p
p
ly
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
o
a
g
r
ea
ter
v
a
r
iety
o
f
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
co
n
tex
ts
,
f
o
llo
w
s
to
r
y
lin
es,
id
en
tify
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
id
ea
s
,
an
d
ev
alu
ate
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
th
e
lo
g
ic
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
s
o
m
e
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Kesicio
g
lu
[
5
]
,
it
is
s
tated
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
h
av
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
m
ath
em
atica
l
tr
ain
in
g
to
teac
h
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
at
h
em
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
n
ee
d
to
lear
n
h
o
w
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
’
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
m
ath
em
atics,
an
d
th
eir
p
r
ac
tical
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
h
o
w
m
ath
em
atics
is
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
eir
attitu
d
es,
em
o
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
b
elief
s
[
1
5
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
tr
ain
in
g
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
r
e
ce
iv
e
is
es
s
en
tial
to
g
u
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
s
o
cio
-
a
f
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
elate
d
to
th
is
s
cien
ce
.
Un
til
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ar
ea
(
E
HE
A)
,
th
e
Sp
a
n
is
h
s
tu
d
y
m
o
d
el
h
ad
teac
h
e
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
o
r
g
an
ized
i
n
p
r
e
-
d
e
g
r
ee
s
(
b
ac
h
elo
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
)
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
jo
in
t
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
o
r
g
an
ize
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
s
y
s
tem
o
f
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
r
g
an
ized
in
two
cy
cles
(
b
ac
h
elo
r
'
s
an
d
m
aster
'
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
)
,
h
as
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
er
en
t
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
an
d
h
as
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
c
r
ed
it
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
(
E
C
T
S)
cr
ed
it sy
s
tem
th
at
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
s
tu
d
en
t e
f
f
o
r
t a
n
d
h
as e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
[
1
6
]
.
Af
ter
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
,
its
estab
lis
h
m
en
t,
o
f
th
e
s
ev
en
teac
h
in
g
s
p
ec
ialties
o
f
f
er
ed
in
th
e
o
l
d
cu
r
r
icu
la,
n
am
ely
ea
r
l
y
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
,
p
r
im
a
r
y
,
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
u
s
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
p
ec
ial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
a
n
d
h
ea
r
in
g
an
d
s
p
ee
ch
,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
two
teac
h
in
g
d
ip
lo
m
as
wer
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
o
d
eg
r
ee
s
with
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
2
4
0
E
C
T
S
cr
ed
its
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
m
o
d
el,
with
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
t
h
e
E
E
E
S,
ea
c
h
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I
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as led
to
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s
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in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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J
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&
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13
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No
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5
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Octo
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3
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3484
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tr
ain
in
g
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
an
d
p
r
im
a
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
in
Sp
ain
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
wh
ich
ca
n
lea
d
to
a
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
in
eq
u
ality
.
On
e
way
to
f
in
d
o
u
t,
to
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t,
w
h
at
co
n
ten
t
o
r
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
ta
u
g
h
t
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
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lear
n
in
g
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
in
tr
ain
in
g
is
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r
o
u
g
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a
d
etailed
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n
aly
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is
o
f
th
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h
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g
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o
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b
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g
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n
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eg
r
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ea
ch
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
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ce
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ar
e
p
u
b
lic
an
d
o
f
f
i
cially
p
r
o
v
id
e
all
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
n
ea
ch
s
u
b
ject
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
b
e
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
to
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l,
b
o
t
h
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
an
d
th
e
teac
h
er
,
th
at
estab
lis
h
es
in
a
n
o
r
d
er
ly
way
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
co
n
ten
t
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
ject
an
d
allo
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p
lan
n
in
g
its
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
d
et
a
i
l
,
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
i
n
g
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
es
,
s
k
i
l
ls
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
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b
i
b
l
i
o
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a
p
h
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a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s
,
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
[
2
2
]
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
to
u
s
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
in
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g
u
id
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as
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ls
th
at
all
o
w
id
en
tify
in
g
th
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tr
ea
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en
t
o
f
eq
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ality
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d
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q
u
i
ty
in
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
3
]
o
r
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ar
ea
s
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
r
o
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g
h
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
elem
en
ts
an
d
cu
r
r
icu
lar
asp
ec
ts
o
f
g
r
ad
e
s
u
b
jects
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
g
en
e
r
al,
we
ca
n
f
in
d
r
esear
c
h
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
,
s
u
ch
as
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
-
Fan
ec
a
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
,
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
I
talian
lan
g
u
ag
e
as
a
wo
r
k
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
with
in
th
e
T
r
an
s
latio
n
an
d
I
n
t
er
p
r
etin
g
Deg
r
ee
i
n
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
is
an
aly
z
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
im
b
a
lan
ce
o
f
th
is
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
o
th
er
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
E
n
g
lis
h
o
r
Fre
n
c
h
,
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
its
o
f
f
er
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
s
t
u
d
y
it.
An
o
th
er
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
o
n
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
Olm
o
-
So
to
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
,
in
wh
ic
h
wh
en
an
a
ly
zin
g
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
r
elate
d
to
p
last
ic
an
d
v
is
u
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
s
u
b
jects
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
C
ó
r
d
o
b
a,
litt
le
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
s
u
b
je
cts
o
f
th
e
Prim
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
e
g
r
ee
.
T
h
e
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Deg
r
e
e's
in
clu
s
io
n
was
o
n
ly
id
en
tifie
d
in
s
o
m
e
elec
tiv
e
s
u
b
jects.
Als
o
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
ar
e
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
s
ev
e
r
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
in
w
h
ich
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
estab
li
s
h
ed
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
o
f
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
o
f
th
e
v
is
u
al
ar
ts
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
e
g
r
ee
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
co
n
ten
t,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
ac
tiv
ities
,
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
ality
,
a
n
d
ev
alu
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
A
n
d
r
ieu
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
g
en
d
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
o
f
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
in
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
u
b
jects
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
d
id
ac
ti
cs
o
f
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
o
f
th
e
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
C
asti
lla
y
L
e
ó
n
h
as
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
ten
d
en
cy
to
m
ak
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
v
is
ib
le
to
war
d
g
en
d
er
e
q
u
ali
ty
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
a
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Ma
d
r
id
et
a
l
.
[
3
2
]
,
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
a
p
h
ic
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
a
tical
co
n
ten
t
in
th
e
Deg
r
ee
in
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ities
o
f
C
asti
l
la
y
L
eó
n
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
f
r
o
m
a
g
en
d
e
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
ese
au
th
o
r
s
f
o
u
n
d
m
an
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
wr
itte
n
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
m
e
n
th
a
n
b
y
wo
m
en
o
r
in
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
th
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
with
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
ese
ar
e
o
u
td
ate
d
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
in
wh
ich
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
y
is
in
co
m
p
lete
o
r
in
co
r
r
ec
t.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
a
u
th
o
r
in
Prim
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
E
n
r
iq
u
e
C
astro
an
d
in
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
Ma
r
í
a
d
el
C
ar
m
en
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
[
2
0
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
Fo
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
teac
h
er
s
,
Als
in
a
[
1
8
]
co
n
d
u
cted
a
p
ar
tial
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
m
ath
em
atics
d
id
ac
tics
s
u
b
jects
r
ep
r
esen
t
o
n
ly
2
.
5
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
E
C
T
S
cr
ed
its
in
Sp
ain
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
n
l
y
an
al
y
ze
d
o
n
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
in
Sp
ain
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ex
te
n
d
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e
to
an
aly
ze
all
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
all
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
Sp
ain
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
th
is
,
it
will
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
r
ea
ter
d
ep
t
h
an
d
ce
r
tai
n
ty
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
tr
ain
in
g
f
r
o
m
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
Sp
ain
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
t
o
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
m
at
h
em
atics
tr
ain
in
g
with
i
n
th
e
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
Sp
ain
.
T
o
t
h
is
en
d
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
:
i)
T
o
an
aly
ze
th
e
o
f
f
er
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
s
i
n
Sp
ain
,
b
o
th
in
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
an
d
to
in
q
u
ir
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
f
f
er
o
f
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
in
th
ese
d
eg
r
ee
s
;
ii)
I
d
en
tify
th
e
t
y
p
e
an
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
u
b
jects
o
f
f
e
r
ed
b
y
ea
c
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
;
an
d
iii)
An
aly
z
e
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
a
p
h
y
co
llected
o
n
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
in
t
h
e
tr
a
in
in
g
p
lan
s
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ea
r
l
y
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
er
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
d
escr
ip
tiv
e,
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
,
a
n
d
ex
p
o
s
t
f
ac
to
to
d
escr
ib
e
s
o
m
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
lan
s
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
teac
h
er
s
o
f
ea
r
l
y
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
is
a
ce
n
s
u
s
s
tu
d
y
s
in
ce
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la
o
f
all
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
th
at
m
ee
t
th
e
d
ef
in
ed
cr
iter
ia
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
,
th
e
web
p
ag
es
o
f
t
h
e
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
lis
ted
in
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
ce
n
ter
s
,
a
n
d
d
eg
r
ee
s
(
R
UC
T
)
wer
e
co
n
s
u
lted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
1
9
-
2
0
2
0
ac
a
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
All
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
h
av
e
a
web
p
ag
e
wh
er
e
all
th
e
d
ata
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
in
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
e
c
o
llected
,
s
o
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
aly
ze
d
is
p
u
b
lic
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
et
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Ma
th
ema
tics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la
o
f th
e
p
r
eser
vice
…
(
Ma
r
ía
d
e
lo
s
Á
n
g
eles H
id
a
lg
o
-
Mén
d
ez
)
3477
2
.
1
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
f
o
r
s
u
b
jects
in
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
of
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
m
ath
em
at
ical
co
n
ten
t.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
was
to
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
all
th
e
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
th
at
teac
h
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
R
UC
T
r
eg
is
tr
y
was
ac
ce
s
s
ed
,
wh
er
e
all
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
teac
h
in
g
th
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
with
a
d
o
u
b
le
d
eg
r
e
e.
T
h
e
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
d
e
g
r
ee
is
tau
g
h
t
in
6
6
o
f
9
1
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
ea
ch
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
t
h
e
o
wn
er
s
h
i
p
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
y
th
e
n
ag
r
e
ed
to
co
n
s
u
lt
th
e
web
s
ites
o
f
all
th
ese
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
at
th
e
tim
e
o
f
th
is
r
eq
u
est,
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
i
n
ea
r
l
y
ch
il
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
was
n
o
t
lis
ted
at
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
De
u
s
to
.
L
ik
e
wis
e,
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ma
d
r
id
r
e
p
o
r
ted
o
n
its
web
s
ite
th
at
th
is
d
eg
r
e
e
wo
u
ld
b
e
g
in
to
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
i
n
d
is
tan
ce
m
o
d
ality
as
o
f
Octo
b
e
r
4
th
,
2
0
2
1
,
an
d
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
Vale
n
cia
s
p
ec
if
ied
t
h
at
th
is
d
eg
r
ee
wo
u
l
d
b
e
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
to
p
r
esen
t a
n
ew
o
n
e
o
n
lin
e.
I
t sh
o
u
ld
also
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
f
ac
u
lties
o
f
th
e
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
cities o
f
C
eu
ta
an
d
Me
lill
a
b
elo
n
g
t
o
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Gr
a
n
ad
a,
s
o
t
h
eir
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
it.
On
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
-
o
n
e
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eg
r
ee
.
Fro
m
all
o
f
th
em
,
it
was
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
two
s
u
b
jects
o
f
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
web
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
i
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
an
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
L
ik
ewise,
f
o
r
th
e
o
th
er
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
jects,
it
was
o
n
ly
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
o
b
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
n
atu
r
e
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
r
ed
its
,
an
d
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
p
er
i
o
d
in
wh
ich
th
ey
ar
e
tau
g
h
t.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
jects
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
Villan
u
ev
a
(
2
)
,
th
e
C
ath
o
lic
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
San
ta
T
er
esa
d
e
J
esú
s
d
e
Áv
ila
(
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Gir
o
n
a.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
r
ea
lize
th
is
wo
r
k
,
9
5
g
u
id
es
o
f
s
u
b
jec
ts
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
i
n
th
eir
en
ti
r
ety
.
Fo
u
r
o
f
th
em
wer
e
p
ar
tially
an
aly
ze
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
e
g
r
ee
s
b
y
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
2
.
2
.
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
io
n
p
ro
ce
s
s
ing
On
ce
th
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
lan
s
an
d
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
o
f
all
th
e
s
u
b
jects
wer
e
lo
ca
ted
,
a
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
am
o
n
g
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
m
ath
em
atics
d
id
ac
tics
f
r
o
m
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
C
ó
r
d
o
b
a,
Salam
an
ca
,
a
n
d
th
e
Po
n
tific
ia
d
e
Salam
an
ca
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
d
en
tify
th
e
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t.
Nex
t,
all
t
h
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
wer
e
d
o
wn
lo
ad
e
d
an
d
en
ter
ed
in
to
an
ad
h
o
c
d
atab
as
e.
Sin
ce
th
ey
wer
e
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
ats
(
p
d
f
,
wo
r
d
,
o
r
HT
ML
)
,
f
o
r
m
at
u
n
if
icati
o
n
an
d
in
s
cr
ip
tio
n
id
en
tific
ati
o
n
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
ly
.
0
2
4
6
8
10
A
n
d
a
l
u
c
í
a
A
r
a
g
ó
n
C
a
n
a
r
i
a
s
C
a
n
t
a
b
r
i
a
C
a
st
i
l
l
a
La
-
M
a
n
c
h
a
C
a
st
i
l
l
a
y
Le
ó
n
C
a
t
a
l
u
ñ
a
C
o
mu
n
i
d
a
d
d
e
M
a
d
r
i
d
C
o
mu
n
i
d
a
d
F
o
r
a
l
d
e
N
a
v
a
r
r
a
C
o
mu
n
i
d
a
d
V
a
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e
n
c
i
a
n
a
Ex
t
r
e
mad
u
r
a
G
a
l
i
c
i
a
I
sl
a
s B
a
l
e
a
r
e
s
La
R
i
o
j
a
P
a
í
s Vasc
o
Pr
i
n
c
i
p
a
d
o
d
e
As
t
u
r
i
a
s
R
e
g
i
ó
n
d
e
M
u
r
c
i
a
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
n
iv
e
r
sities
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
iti
e
s
No
.
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
No
.
o
f
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
it
ies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
4
7
4
-
3484
3478
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
:
−
TIP
:
a
b
o
u
t th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
,
wh
eth
er
p
u
b
lic
o
r
p
r
iv
ate.
−
NOM
: in
wh
ich
th
e
n
am
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
is
co
llected
.
−
UNI
: r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
'
s
n
am
e
wh
er
e
th
e
s
u
b
ject
is
tau
g
h
t.
−
C
AR
: in
d
icate
s
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
u
b
ject,
i.e
.
,
wh
eth
er
it is
b
asic,
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
,
o
r
o
p
tio
n
al.
−
C
UR
: in
d
icate
s
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
u
b
ject
is
tau
g
h
t.
−
CRE
: c
o
llects th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
r
ed
it
s
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
s
u
b
ject.
−
TEMP
:
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject,
i.e
.
,
if
it
is
a
f
o
u
r
-
m
o
n
t
h
s
u
b
ject
(
f
ir
s
t
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
s
em
es
ter
)
o
r
a
y
ea
r
ly
s
u
b
ject.
−
AÑO
: in
d
icate
s
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
.
−
R
E
F
: ty
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
d
d
o
cu
m
en
t,
i.e
.
,
if
it is
an
ar
ticle,
a
b
o
o
k
,
a
c
h
ap
ter
,
a
le
g
is
lativ
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
−
AUT
: c
o
llects th
e
f
ir
s
t a
n
d
last
n
am
e
o
f
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
(
s
)
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
.
−
TIT
:
r
etu
r
n
s
th
e
f
u
ll title o
f
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t.
−
B
I
B
: c
o
llects all
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
e.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
to
av
o
i
d
d
u
p
lica
tio
n
in
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
'
n
am
es
o
r
titl
es
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
d
u
e
to
m
is
s
p
ellin
g
s
,
th
e
ex
clu
s
iv
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ital
letter
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
er
lan
g
u
ag
es.
An
ex
am
p
le
o
f
th
is
is
th
at
th
e
n
am
e
Ma
r
ía
d
el
C
ar
m
e
n
C
h
a
m
o
r
r
o
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
1
3
d
if
f
er
en
t
way
s
:
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
C
ar
m
en
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
Ma
r
i
C
ar
m
en
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
Mª
C
ar
m
en
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
M.
C
.
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
MC;
C
H
AM
O
R
R
O
PLAZ
A
Ma
r
ía
d
el
C
ar
m
en
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
C
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
C
.
;
C
HAM
OR
R
O
C
.
;
C
HAM
OR
R
O
M.
C
.
;
C
h
am
o
r
r
o
Mª
d
el
C
.
; a
n
d
C
HAM
OR
R
O
Mª
d
el
C
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
two
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
o
n
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
m
ain
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
jects with
m
ath
em
atica
l c
o
n
te
n
t a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
an
al
y
zin
g
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
a
p
h
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
in
th
ese
g
u
id
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
9
1
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
Sp
ain
,
6
6
o
f
w
h
ich
o
f
f
er
a
d
eg
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
3
9
o
f
wh
ich
a
r
e
p
u
b
lic.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
m
o
r
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
is
th
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
Ma
d
r
i
d
,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
1
2
.
I
t
is
f
o
ll
o
wed
b
y
C
atalo
n
ia
an
d
An
d
alu
s
ia
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
e
ac
h
with
n
in
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
th
is
d
eg
r
ee
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
w
h
er
e
m
o
r
e
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
f
e
r
t
h
is
d
eg
r
ee
is
An
d
al
u
s
ia,
with
eig
h
t
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
ce
n
ter
s
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
th
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
Ma
d
r
id
,
wh
ich
h
as
f
iv
e
ce
n
ter
s
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
a
r
y
,
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
Ma
d
r
id
is
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
8
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
C
atalo
n
ia
an
d
th
e
Vale
n
cia
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
,
with
f
o
u
r
p
r
iv
ate
ce
n
ter
s
ea
ch
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ix
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
n
am
ely
C
an
tab
r
ia,
C
asti
lla
L
a
-
Ma
n
ch
a,
E
x
tr
em
ad
u
r
a,
Galicia
,
th
e
B
alea
r
ic
I
s
lan
d
s
,
an
d
th
e
Prin
ci
p
ality
o
f
Ast
u
r
ias,
wh
er
e
y
o
u
c
an
o
n
l
y
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
a
d
eg
r
ee
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
a
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
3
.
1
.
Su
bje
ct
s
wit
h m
a
t
he
m
a
t
ica
l c
o
nte
nt
Nex
t,
th
e
s
u
b
jects
th
at
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
at
ar
e
o
f
f
er
ed
in
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
0
1
s
u
b
jects
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
,
o
f
w
h
ich
it
was
o
n
ly
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
f
u
lly
an
aly
ze
9
5
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
was
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
co
m
p
lete
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
m
s
in
ce
th
e
teac
h
in
g
g
u
id
es
wer
e
n
o
t
av
ailab
le
o
n
th
e
web
wh
e
n
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
ata.
I
n
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ese
9
9
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l c
o
n
ten
t,
th
e
n
am
e
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
jects
(
NOM
)
,
th
e
cr
ed
its
o
f
ea
ch
o
n
e
(
C
R
E
)
,
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
in
wh
ich
it is
tau
g
h
t (
C
UR
)
,
an
d
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
e
(
T
E
MP)
.
I
n
T
ab
le
1
,
it
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
ati
ca
l
co
n
ten
t
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
ea
ch
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
5
0
% o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
clu
d
e
a
s
in
g
le
s
u
b
ject
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
in
th
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
;
1
9
o
f
f
e
r
two
s
u
b
jects,
an
d
o
n
ly
9
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
f
f
er
th
r
ee
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
je
cts
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
1
.
5
4
p
er
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
,
s
ee
T
ab
le
2
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
jects,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
,
a
to
tal
o
f
7
8
;
o
n
ly
two
ar
e
b
asic,
an
d
1
5
ar
e
o
p
tio
n
al.
T
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
jects,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
o
n
ly
b
e
p
ar
tially
an
aly
ze
d
,
is
u
n
k
n
o
wn
,
as
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
web
s
ite
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Of
th
e
1
5
o
p
tio
n
al
s
u
b
jects
c
o
u
n
ted
in
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
1
0
co
n
s
titu
te
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
u
b
ject
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
o
f
f
er
e
d
in
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
f
iv
e
elec
tiv
es
co
n
s
titu
te
th
e
t
h
ir
d
s
u
b
ject
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
o
llected
in
T
a
b
le
2
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
cr
e
d
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
s
u
b
jects
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ten
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
s
ix
E
C
T
S
cr
ed
its
.
T
h
er
e
is
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
am
o
n
g
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
u
b
jects
s
in
c
e
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
f
r
o
m
3
to
9
E
C
T
S
cr
ed
its
.
Sp
ec
if
ical
ly
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
7
6
%
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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u
b
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ar
e
ass
ig
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6
E
C
T
S
cr
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its
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
8
%,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
l
o
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atica
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s,
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i
v
i
r
l
a
s
m
a
t
e
m
á
t
i
c
a
s
d
e
3
a
6
a
ñ
o
s
(
L
i
v
e
m
a
t
h
e
mat
i
c
s
f
r
o
m
3
t
o
6
y
e
a
r
s
)
[
4
2
]
4
C
h
a
mo
r
r
o
,
El
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
d
e
l
a
m
e
d
i
d
a
(
Th
e
mea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
)
[
4
3
]
4
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
ea
r
l
y
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
teac
h
er
s
h
av
e
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
d
th
e
s
am
e
in
itial
tr
ain
in
g
in
m
ath
em
atics,
as
th
i
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
wh
er
e
th
ey
h
av
e
b
ee
n
tr
ain
ed
.
T
h
e
n
atu
r
e
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
ese
s
u
b
jects
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
to
an
o
t
h
e
r
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
s
u
b
ject
s
u
ch
as
m
ath
em
atics
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
at
th
is
s
tag
e
o
f
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it
s
ee
m
s
th
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
jects
an
d
t
h
eir
e
x
ten
t
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
with
th
e
s
k
ills
th
ey
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
h
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ies
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
g
u
id
es
f
o
r
th
ese
s
u
b
jects
ar
e
o
ld
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
y
o
u
ca
n
f
in
d
class
ic
wo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
J
ea
n
Piag
et
's
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
1
9
9
2
.
I
n
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
y
,
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles,
b
o
o
k
s
,
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
h
an
d
b
o
o
k
s
,
as
well
as
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Stu
d
ies
s
u
ch
as
th
is
ar
e
o
f
g
r
ea
t
in
ter
e
s
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
p
an
o
r
am
a
o
f
m
ath
em
atica
l
tr
ai
n
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
teac
h
er
s
in
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
.
I
t
is
clea
r
th
at,
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
it
will
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
n
tin
u
e
an
aly
zin
g
o
th
e
r
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
wh
at
th
e
tr
en
d
s
an
d
p
atter
n
s
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
ar
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
id
en
tif
y
b
o
th
th
e
o
u
ts
tan
d
i
n
g
asp
ec
ts
an
d
t
h
e
wea
k
e
r
o
n
es
th
at
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
f
f
e
r
th
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
o
p
tim
al
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
,
a
b
o
v
e
all,
v
alid
f
o
r
th
eir
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
T.
J
.
K
r
a
mer,
P
.
C
a
l
d
a
r
e
l
l
a
,
L.
C
h
r
i
s
t
e
n
se
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
H
.
S
h
a
t
z
e
r
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
e
mo
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
k
i
n
d
e
r
g
a
r
t
e
n
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
:
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
r
o
n
g
s
t
a
r
t
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
,
”
Ea
r
l
y
C
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
3
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
0
3
–
3
0
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
0
6
4
3
-
0
0
9
-
0
3
5
4
-
8.
[
2
]
J.
E.
M
o
o
r
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
r
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
n
t
h
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
-
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
o
f
a
t
-
r
i
s
k
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,
”
E
a
rl
y
C
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
Q
u
a
r
t
e
r
l
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
–
1
3
8
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
c
r
e
s
q
.
2
0
1
5
.
0
3
.
0
0
4
.
[
3
]
S
.
H
.
B
i
r
c
h
a
n
d
G
.
W
.
La
d
d
,
“
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
-
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
’
s
e
a
r
l
y
sc
h
o
o
l
a
d
j
u
st
m
e
n
t
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
1
–
7
9
,
M
a
r
.
1
9
9
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
S
0
0
2
2
-
4
4
0
5
(
9
6
)
0
0
0
2
9
-
5.
[
4
]
R
.
H
o
so
k
a
w
a
a
n
d
T.
K
a
t
s
u
r
a
,
“
M
a
r
i
t
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
,
p
a
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
i
n
p
r
e
sch
o
o
l
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,
”
C
h
i
l
d
a
n
d
Ad
o
l
e
sc
e
n
t
Psy
c
h
i
a
t
ry
a
n
d
Me
n
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
p
.
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s1
3
0
3
4
-
0
1
6
-
0
1
3
9
-
y.
[
5
]
O
.
S
.
K
e
si
c
i
o
ğ
l
u
,
“
O
p
i
n
i
o
n
s
o
f
p
r
e
-
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
p
r
e
-
sc
h
o
o
l
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ma
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
s
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s,
”
S
o
u
t
h
A
f
ri
c
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
5
7
0
0
/
s
a
j
e
.
v
4
1
n
1
a
1
8
1
3
.
[
6
]
N
.
P
.
A
.
M
a
r
r
o
q
u
í
n
,
“
Te
a
c
h
e
r
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
r
e
n
d
s
,
”
(
i
n
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
)
,
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
í
a
y
S
a
b
e
r
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
p
p
.
8
3
–
9
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
7
2
2
7
/
p
y
s.
n
u
m5
3
-
1
0
4
0
2
.
[
7
]
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
g
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
A
sses
smen
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
r
e
d
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
“
D
e
sc
a
r
g
a
r
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
o
Li
b
r
o
B
l
a
n
c
o
d
e
l
T
í
t
u
l
o
d
e
G
r
a
d
o
e
n
M
a
g
i
s
t
e
r
i
o
(
I
)
,
”
A
N
EC
A
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
a
n
e
c
a
.
e
s
/
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s/
2
0
1
2
3
/
6
3
9
5
0
/
l
i
b
r
o
b
l
a
n
c
o
_
j
u
n
0
5
_
mag
i
st
e
r
i
o
1
.
p
d
f
/
b
d
7
f
d
c
e
b
-
0
7
5
e
-
6
2
5
6
-
b
7
6
9
-
f
8
9
5
0
2
f
e
c
8
a
a
?
t
=
1
6
5
4
6
0
1
8
0
0
4
7
2
.
[
8
]
P
.
A
z
c
á
r
a
t
e
,
D
i
d
a
c
t
i
c
-
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
p
ro
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
t
ra
i
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
rs:
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
sa
l
f
o
r
i
t
s
o
rg
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
re
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
e
r
v
i
c
i
o
d
e
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
c
i
o
n
e
s
d
e
l
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
d
a
d
d
e
C
á
d
i
z
(
i
n
S
p
a
n
i
sh
)
,
2
0
0
1
.
[
9
]
M
.
A
.
Z.
B
e
r
a
z
a
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Z.
C
e
r
d
e
i
r
i
ñ
a
,
“
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
(
i
n
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
)
,
C
E
E
Pa
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
c
i
ó
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
v
a
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
–
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
1
0
]
R
.
A
n
g
u
i
t
a
,
“
S
o
me
k
e
y
s
t
o
t
h
e
h
i
st
o
r
y
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
S
p
a
i
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