In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f E
v
al
u
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
R
e
se
arc
h
in
Ed
u
c
ation
(
IJERE
)
Vol.
8
, No. 2, J
une
201
9
,
p
p
.
2
65
~2
70
ISSN
: 2252-
88
22,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ijer
e
.
v8i
2.
171
07
2
65
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
ERE
Demand of ICT-based chemis
try learning media i
n the
disruptive era
Ra
tn
a
Kuma
l
a
D
ew
i
,
Sri
W
a
rdan
i
,
Nan
i
k
Wijayati
,
W
o
ro S
umarni
P
o
stgrad
u
t
e Pro
g
ram of
Che
mis
t
ry
Educati
o
n, Un
i
vers
it
as Neger
i
Semar
a
ng
,
Indon
es
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Feb
1
2
,
2
019
Re
vise
d A
p
r
15,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
a
y
1
8
,
2
019
Th
e
ch
all
e
n
g
es
o
f
ed
ucat
ion
in
t
h
e
e
ra
o
f
th
e
ind
u
s
t
ri
a
l
r
ev
ol
u
tion
include
di
sru
p
t
i
on
4
.
0
,
21
st-cen
tu
ry
s
kil
l
s,
g
lo
balizati
o
n
,
a
nd
g
lo
bal
co
mp
eti
t
i
on.
Chem
i
s
try
i
s
a
s
ub
ject
t
h
a
t
need
s
t
o
b
e
dev
e
lo
p
e
d
in
o
rder
t
o
i
m
p
rove
t
h
e
edu
cati
onal
s
y
stem
i
n
th
e
era
o
f
d
i
s
ru
p
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
po
se
o
f
t
h
i
s
res
earch
i
s
to
id
entif
y
a
nd
a
n
a
ly
ze
t
h
e
needs
o
f
t
he
m
edia-b
ased
c
h
e
m
i
st
ry
s
tu
d
y
I
C
T
a
t
grad
e
X
red
o
x
mat
e
rials
i
n
S
t
a
te
S
eni
o
r
H
i
g
h
s
c
hoo
l
8
S
e
m
a
rang
d
ur
in
g
the
di
sru
p
t
i
on.
T
he
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
r
esearch
i
s
a
des
c
riptiv
e
q
ual
itative
m
e
th
od
which
con
s
i
s
ts
o
f
th
e
s
t
ud
y
of
l
it
erature
and
th
e
st
ud
y
of
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
.
M
e
th
od
of
d
ata
co
ll
ectio
n
is
d
o
n
e
t
h
ro
ugh
o
bserv
a
ti
on,
q
u
e
stio
n
f
o
r
m
,
do
cum
e
nt
ati
on,
i
nt
erv
i
ew
t
eachers
,
a
s
well
as
i
n
t
erview
s
tud
e
nt
s.
T
his
research
i
ns
trument
co
ns
istin
g
of
a
s
heet
o
f
ob
serv
atio
n,
quest
i
on
form,
and
sh
eet
i
n
t
erv
i
ew
.
The
res
u
lt
s
s
h
ow
ed
t
hat
ch
e
m
i
cal-b
ased
l
earnin
g
m
e
di
a
limit
ed
I
CT
i
n
State
S
e
n
i
o
r
H
i
ghs
cho
o
l
8
S
e
m
a
rang
r
edo
x
m
at
e
r
i
a
ls
esp
eciall
y
i
n
cl
ass
X.
T
ha
t
is
b
ecaus
e
o
f
t
h
e
teach
er'
s
d
iff
i
cu
lty
i
n
in
no
vati
ng
to
d
evelo
p
l
earni
ng
m
ed
i
a
c
hem
i
st
ry-bas
ed
I
CT
a
n
d
l
ac
k
o
f
s
tud
e
nt
un
ders
tand
in
g
and
lit
e
racy
i
n
the
s
t
u
dy
o
f
c
h
e
mical
m
ateri
a
ls.
Teach
ers
play
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
o
rder
t
o
ed
ucat
e
th
e
st
ud
e
n
ts
t
oward
s
t
he
era
o
f
di
sru
p
t
i
on.
I
n
thi
s
e
ra
o
f
chemical
s
u
b
j
ects
n
o
t
only
taug
ht
s
t
udents
w
ith
literacy
(
r
e
ading,
w
ri
t
i
ng,
m
ath)
b
ut
t
he
n
eed
f
or
a
n
ew
f
orm
o
f
li
te
r
a
c
y
t
he
literacy
d
at
a,
t
echnolo
gy,
and
human
resources
i
n
or
der
t
o
o
ver
co
me
l
earni
ng
diff
icu
lti
es
a
n
d
i
m
p
ro
vi
ng
st
ud
ents
l
earn
i
n
g
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
f
o
r
b
e
tte
r
va
lue.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Che
m
istr
y le
arni
n
g
m
edia
ICT
Re
do
x m
a
teria
l
S
e
ni
or
h
ig
h scho
o
l
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
Scien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Wor
o
S
um
arni,
Che
m
istry
E
duca
tion,
P
ost
g
r
a
duate
Pr
ogr
a
m
,
Uni
v
ersi
tas Ne
geri
S
em
a
r
ang,
K
e
lu
d U
t
a
r
a
III
, S
e
m
a
r
a
ng 50
23
7,
Cen
tral
J
a
v
a,
Indo
nesia.
Em
ail:
w
o
ro@
m
ail.un
nes.a
c
.
i
d
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Ed
uc
at
ion
i
n
I
nd
o
n
e
s
i
a
i
s
fa
c
i
n
g
c
ha
ll
e
n
ges
in
t
he
e
ra
o
f
d
i
sru
p
tio
n.
I
n
t
h
e
di
srup
t
i
o
n
e
r
a
,
ther
e
i
s
a
n
ine
q
ual
i
t
y
or
i
ns
tab
i
lit
y
of
t
h
e
c
on
ven
t
io
na
l
educa
t
i
o
n
sys
t
e
m
i
n
t
o
a
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogy-
base
d
e
duca
t
io
n
syst
em
[
1]
.
Tea
c
her
s
a
n
d
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
r
e
not
y
e
t
f
u
l
ly
a
ble
t
o
a
da
pt
t
o
the
c
u
r
r
ent
e
duca
t
io
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
The
G
ove
rnm
e
nt
appe
a
l
e
d
i
n
o
r
de
r
to
r
e
o
rga
n
i
z
e
t
h
e
ma
n
a
gem
e
nt
a
n
d
l
ea
ders
hi
p
o
f
n
a
t
i
ona
l
a
nd
re
gi
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
reor
gan
i
zed
t
he
c
urr
i
c
u
lum
,
a
nd
r
e
o
rga
n
ize
d
t
he
s
yste
m
c
o
ns
truc
ti
on
of
t
he
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
o
rd
er
t
he
rec
ons
t
r
uc
tio
n
of
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
I
n
d
one
sia
.
I
m
porta
nt
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
ruct
i
on
was
do
ne
s
o
tha
t
t
he
p
ace
a
c
cel
er
ated
educ
a
t
i
o
na
l
e
n
hance
m
e
n
t
in
t
he
e
ra
o
f
d
i
sru
p
ti
on.
C
ur
ric
u
l
u
m
e
d
uca
t
io
n
in
t
he
e
ra
o
f
d
i
srup
tio
n
ne
e
d
s
to
b
e
deve
l
ope
d
w
i
t
h
a
tte
n
tio
n
to
t
he
r
e
a
di
ness
a
nd
ne
eds
of
t
h
e
l
ea
r
ner
s
,
t
h
e
a
ppr
opria
te
ne
ss
of
c
o
n
t
en
t,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
the pr
ocess of l
ea
rni
n
g
assess
m
e
nt [2]
.
Er
a
t
e
ch
no
l
ogy
d
i
sr
u
p
ti
on
is
a
c
ombi
nat
i
o
n
be
tw
e
e
n
the
dom
ai
ns
of
p
h
y
sica
l,
d
ig
i
t
al,
and
hum
an
s
[3].
I
n
this
e
ra
o
f
gr
ow
in
g
m
ille
nnia
l
g
e
n
era
tio
n
w
ho
a
r
e
exper
t
s
i
n
th
e
fi
e
l
d
o
f
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
[
4
]
.
Te
chn
o
l
o
gy
tren
ds
i
n
the
mille
n
n
i
al
g
e
n
e
r
ati
o
n
o
f
t
he
i
nd
ustria
l
re
v
o
l
u
tio
n
4.
0
m
a
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
ar
tific
ia
l
in
te
ll
i
g
ence
,
bi
ote
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
robo
t
i
c
s
,
in
te
rne
t
o
f
t
h
in
gs,
and
a
dri
v
erl
e
ss
c
a
r
.
Th
e
co
un
t
r
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
i
n
c
lu
di
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 225
2-
882
2
Int.
J
.
Ev
al. & R
es. Educ.
Vol.
8, No. 2, June
2
0
19:
2
65
- 2
70
26
6
Ind
ones
i
a
w
a
n
t
ed
a
n
ed
uc
at
ion
t
h
a
t
i
s
rele
va
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
ria
l
r
e
v
o
l
ut
i
on
er
a
of
4
.0
i
n
order
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
produc
t
i
ve
c
i
t
izen.
Th
e
e
duca
t
io
n
s
y
stem
i
n
I
nd
on
e
s
i
a
k
eep
s
pa
ce
w
i
t
h
so
cia
l
a
nd
t
e
c
hno
log
i
ca
l
in
nov
a
tio
n
s
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
i
n
t
eg
rat
e
d
igi
t
a
l
l
i
t
e
rac
y
i
n
t
he
c
u
rricul
u
m
de
ve
lopm
en
t
i
n
s
c
h
oo
ls.
S
c
hoo
l
s
p
la
y
a
n
i
m
p
orta
nt
r
o
l
e
i
n
d
es
i
g
n
i
ng
v
ario
us
act
i
v
i
t
ie
s
prom
o
t
i
n
g
aspec
t
s
of
m
u
l
t
i
c
u
l
t
ur
al
s
tu
d
e
nt
s,
e
n
t
r
e
p
re
n
e
u
r
sh
i
p
,
b
l
e
n
d
e
d
l
earn
i
n
g
,
lif
e
-
l
ong
l
e
arni
n
g
,
e
xt
racu
rricular
,
c
ha
racter
b
uil
d
ing
4.0,
e
-learning,
a
nd
gl
oba
l ne
tw
or
k
for
aca
dem
i
c.
Th
e
ch
a
l
l
e
ng
e
s
o
f
ed
u
cat
io
n
in
t
h
e
e
ra
o
f
t
h
e
in
du
st
ri
a
l
r
e
v
olu
ti
o
n
i
ncl
u
d
e
d
i
s
rupt
io
n
4
.
0
,
2
1st
-
ce
ntur
y
s
k
il
ls,
gl
o
b
al
iza
tio
n,
a
nd
gl
o
b
al
c
o
m
pe
tit
i
on
[5].
E
ffo
rts
in
f
a
c
i
ng
the
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
na
l
nee
d
f
or
h
uma
n
r
eso
u
rce
s
d
e
v
e
l
opme
n
t
t
h
ro
ug
h
liter
a
c
y
i
n
order
t
o
f
ac
e
the
new
er
a
of
t
he
i
n
d
u
s
t
ria
l
revo
lu
t
i
on
4.0 no
t
o
n
l
y
e
n
o
u
g
h
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
l
d
l
i
t
e
rac
y
(
r
eadin
g,
w
r
i
tin
g,
m
a
t
h)
a
s
c
a
pi
t
a
l
b
u
t
l
e
a
rn
i
ng
t
h
e
b
a
sics
in
n
ee
d
for
ne
w
l
i
t
e
r
ac
y
deve
lope
d
in
t
he
f
orm
o
f
l
i
t
er
ac
y
data
,
tech
no
l
o
g
y
lite
rac
y
,
a
nd
l
i
ter
a
c
y
h
u
m
an
resou
rc
es
[
6
]
.
D
a
ta
l
i
t
e
r
ac
y
i
s
t
he
a
b
i
lit
y
t
o
r
ea
d,
a
na
lyz
e
,
and
use
i
n
f
o
rm
at
ion
(
b
ig
d
a
t
a)
i
n
t
h
e
di
gi
t
a
l
w
o
rl
d.
Tec
h
nol
og
y
lit
e
r
ac
y
i
s
a
n
un
de
rsta
nd
i
n
g
o
f
how
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
w
o
rk
a
n
d
th
e
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
of
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
og
y
in
t
he
pro
g
re
ss
o
f
sc
ie
nce
an
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
gy
[7].
W
h
i
l
e
h
uma
n
l
i
t
er
acy
i
s
t
he
d
eve
l
opm
en
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
e
s
o
u
r
ces
i
n
the
fie
l
ds
o
f hum
a
n
i
tie
s,
c
omm
unica
t
i
o
n
, an
d d
e
sign [8].
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
c
a
n face
the c
ha
llen
g
e
s
of g
l
o
b
a
l
iz
a
t
i
o
n i
n
the
d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
v
e
era
an
d
th
e
4
.
0
i
ndu
st
ri
a
l
r
e
v
o
l
ut
i
o
n
by
p
rodu
c
i
n
g
q
ua
li
ty
e
d
u
cati
o
n.
O
ne
o
f
t
h
e
ke
y
fac
t
or
s
i
n
t
h
e
succe
ss
o
f
ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
i
n
t
h
e
tea
c
h
er.
In
t
he
c
ur
rent
e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
c
h
oo
l
s
a
r
e
i
mpor
t
a
n
t
t
o
i
n
ve
st
i
n
prepa
r
i
n
g
pro
f
e
ssiona
l
t
e
ac
he
rs
w
ho
are
a
b
le
t
o
e
d
u
c
a
t
e
s
t
ude
nt
s
tow
a
rds
a
bri
g
hter
f
u
t
ur
e
[9].
T
he
t
e
a
c
h
er
mu
st
d
ev
elo
p
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
a
s
a
f
acil
i
t
a
t
o
r
an
d
ag
en
t
of
c
h
a
ng
e
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
nt
s
i
n
a
dd
iti
on
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
opi
ng
in
div
i
dua
l sk
i
lls
o
f stu
d
e
n
ts in
the
fie
l
d of ch
e
mistry [
10].
In
o
rd
er
f
o
r
g
rad
u
a
t
e
s
t
o
b
e
co
mp
e
titi
v
e
i
n
ord
e
r
t
o
f
a
c
e
th
e
e
ra
o
f
in
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
r
e
v
olu
t
i
o
n
4.
0,
t
eac
h
e
rs
nee
d
t
o
fin
d
m
e
t
hods
t
o
de
ve
lo
p
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
c
apac
i
t
y
b
y
a
pp
l
y
i
n
g
hi
g
h
-leve
l
t
hi
n
k
i
n
g
sk
ills
(
H
O
T
S
)
,
on
e
o
f
w
h
ic
h
i
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
th
ink
i
ng
s
k
i
l
l
s
[1
1].
The
a
p
plica
t
i
o
n
of
H
O
T
S
t
o
c
h
em
i
c
al
l
e
a
rn
in
g
sys
t
em
s
r
e
quires
s
t
r
a
teg
y
a
n
d
sp
eci
al
l
e
a
rn
i
n
g
mod
e
l
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
i
nqu
i
r
y
t
h
at
i
s
app
l
i
e
d
a
c
c
o
r
di
ng
t
o
sk
i
l
l
s
i
n
th
e
2
1
st
c
e
n
t
u
ry
[
12
].
T
h
e
era
of
i
n
d
u
s
tri
a
l
rev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
4
.
0
i
s
c
l
ose
l
y
r
e
late
d
t
o
2
1st-c
e
n
tu
ry
s
ki
ll
s.
I
n
2
1
s
t
cen
tu
ry
s
k
ill
s,
i
n
nov
a
t
i
on
i
n
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
i
a
i
n
c
h
em
is
t
r
y
i
s
n
e
e
de
d
i
n
o
rder
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
s
tu
d
e
n
t
moti
va
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
e
a
rn
in
g
ou
tc
ome
s
.
Lea
r
ni
ng
m
e
d
i
a
in
no
va
t
i
o
n
in
t
he
2
1s
t
c
e
nt
ury
r
e
q
u
ires
s
k
i
l
l
s
i
n
pr
oble
m
-
s
ol
vi
n
g
,
col
l
a
b
orati
o
n,
com
m
unic
a
t
io
n,
a
n
d
c
ri
tica
l
t
h
i
nk
i
ng
t
o
c
r
e
ate
new
th
in
gs
[
13]
.
C
ri
t
i
cal
t
h
i
nk
i
n
g
de
ve
l
ope
d
in
21s
t
-
c
e
nt
ury
sk
i
l
ls is t
h
e
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
an
al
yze
, e
valua
t
e,
c
on
vinc
e,
d
ec
ide
, a
nd a
r
g
u
e
i
n
d
ec
id
i
ng o
p
i
n
i
on
s
[1
4].
The
21
st-ce
n
t
u
ry
e
duca
t
i
on
sk
il
l
s
a
re
e
duc
a
tio
na
l
sup
p
o
rt
s
ys
te
ms
t
h
a
t
reg
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
o
ndi
tion
of
stude
n
t
s
i
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
,
ac
com
m
oda
t
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
l
ea
rni
n
g
ne
eds
a
nd
s
upp
or
t
pos
i
tive
re
la
ti
on
sh
ips
be
tw
e
e
n
stude
n
t
s
t
h
rou
g
h
ef
fec
t
i
v
e
l
e
arni
ng
[
1
5
].
O
ne
t
e
c
h
n
i
que
i
n
ma
ki
ng
e
ffe
c
tive
an
d
e
n
jo
yab
l
e
le
arn
i
ng
i
s
b
y
ut
iliz
i
n
g
te
c
h
n
o
lo
gy
a
nd
i
n
f
o
rma
t
i
c
s
(
I
C
T
)
[16].
Infor
m
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
C
o
m
m
unica
t
i
o
n
T
ech
no
l
o
g
y
i
s
a
very
impor
ta
nt
t
hi
n
g
i
n
su
p
port
i
n
g
the
a
d
va
nce
m
e
n
t
of
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
t
oda
y
[1
7].
Tec
h
nol
o
gy
is
a
m
ea
ns
t
o
de
ve
lo
p
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ater
ia
l
so
t
ha
t
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
re
m
ore
inte
reste
d
i
n
a
n
d
p
a
s
si
on
at
e
abo
u
t
l
e
arni
ng
[
18
].
T
ec
h
n
o
l
ogy
c
an
be
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
rm of
in
ter
act
ive
le
arni
ng m
e
dia
as
s
ta
t
e
d in 2
1s
t-
ce
n
t
ur
y s
k
i
lls
[19].
Le
arni
ng
w
i
t
h
com
p
u
t
er-ge
n
era
t
ed
v
i
s
ual
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
mult
i
m
ed
ia
h
a
s
b
ec
ome
a
to
pic
of
m
a
j
or
conc
er
n
in
r
e
c
e
n
t
yea
r
s
[2
0].
Mu
ltim
ed
ia
c
an
b
e
in
t
he
f
or
m
of
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
fo
rm
o
f
l
e
arni
ng
by
ut
iliz
i
n
g
e
l
ec
t
r
onic
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogy
(
r
adi
o
,
te
l
e
v
i
si
on,
f
i
l
m
,
c
om
pu
ters,
and
the
int
e
rnet)
[
2
1].
ICT-based
lear
ni
ng
su
ch
a
s
e-l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
2
1
st
-c
e
n
t
u
ry
s
k
i
ll
s
f
o
r
ch
emi
s
t
r
y
sub
j
ect
s is c
l
o
se
ly
r
elate
d
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t com
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
s
u
c
h
as col
l
a
bora
t
i
o
n, dig
ita
l
l
i
tera
cy, cr
i
tic
a
l
th
i
n
k
i
n
g, and pro
b
le
m-
sol
v
in
g de
vel
o
ped i
n
the
w
or
l
d
of i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
and
com
m
un
ic
a
t
i
o
n te
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy.
C
h
em
ist
r
y
is
one
o
f
t
h
e
na
tur
a
l
sc
ie
nc
es
t
hat
s
t
u
d
y
e
v
e
ryt
h
ing
abou
t
th
e
ma
tt
e
r
w
hic
h
i
n
c
lud
e
s
st
r
u
c
t
ure,
c
om
posi
t
i
o
n
,
dy
na
m
i
c
s
,
cha
nge,
a
nd
e
n
erg
y
w
hic
h
i
n
v
o
lve
s
s
k
ill
an
d
re
aso
n
i
n
g
[
22].
Che
m
i
s
tr
y
less
ons
i
n
hi
g
h
sc
ho
ol
a
im
t
o
ena
b
l
e
s
t
u
de
nt
s
to
u
n
d
ersta
n
d
bas
ic
t
he
ories,
p
rinc
ip
les,
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s,
a
nd
l
a
w
s
t
ha
t
are
interr
ela
t
ed
s
o
tha
t
t
he
y
are
able
t
o
ap
pl
y
t
h
eir
k
now
le
dge
i
n
e
v
er
y
d
a
y
l
ife
[2
3].
C
h
e
m
istry
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
a
re
the
o
re
tica
l
a
n
d
pra
c
t
i
cal
w
hi
ch
r
equ
i
re
h
ig
h-
l
e
vel
t
h
in
ki
n
g
s
k
i
ll
s
to
b
e
ab
l
e
t
o
sol
v
e
c
o
unt
p
ro
bl
e
m
s
a
nd
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
h
e
o
r
ie
s [2
4
]
.
Hi
gh
-l
e
v
el
t
hin
k
i
n
g
a
b
il
it
y
in
c
h
e
mi
st
ry
s
ub
j
e
ct
s
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
is
o
n
r
e
do
x
ma
tter
.
W
i
d
a
t
i
et
a
l.
Me
nt
ione
d
tha
t
r
edo
x
m
ateria
l
c
onsis
ts
o
f
c
h
ange
s
in
o
x
i
da
tio
n
num
ber,
r
e
acti
o
n
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
base
d
o
n
i
nc
re
ase
and
dec
r
ea
se
i
n
o
x
i
da
tio
n
nu
mbe
r
,
and
re
d
o
x
a
p
p
l
ic
a
t
ion
i
n
d
a
i
l
y
life
[25
]
.
The
purp
o
se
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
dy
w
a
s
t
o
ide
n
tif
y
a
n
d
a
n
al
yze
t
h
e
ne
e
d
s
of
I
C
T
-ba
s
e
d
l
ea
rn
in
g
m
e
dia
in
c
lass
X
r
edox
ma
te
rial
i
n
S
t
a
t
e
S
e
nio
r
Hi
gh
s
c
h
ool
8
S
e
m
a
r
an
g
.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
D
Th
e
re
se
arc
h
met
h
o
d
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
t
udy
i
s
a
q
u
a
li
t
a
ti
v
e
d
escri
p
tive
m
e
t
h
o
d
. The
su
b
j
ec
ts
i
n
th
i
s
stu
dy
w
e
r
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
o
f
c
l
a
s
s
X
I
I
P
A
2
S
t
a
t
e
S
e
n
i
o
r
H
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
8
S
e
m
a
r
an
g
ac
adem
ic
y
e
a
r
n
u
mbe
r
ed
2
0
1
8
/
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
Eval & R
es E
d
u
c
.
IS
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
An
alys
is o
f
t
h
e
dem
a
nds o
f
ICT
-
based
chem
i
s
try le
arni
n
g
m
e
dia
i
n
the
disr
up
tiv
e e
r
a
…
(Wor
o Sum
arn
i
)
26
7
The
data
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
tec
h
niq
u
e
i
n
t
his
st
u
d
y
w
as
t
he
a
na
ly
sis
o
f
d
a
i
l
y
t
e
s
t
sc
ores
on
re
do
x
m
a
te
ria
l
,
que
st
ion
n
a
i
r
e
s,
a
nd
d
i
r
ect
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
t
e
chn
i
q
u
e
s
w
ith
t
ea
c
h
e
rs
a
nd
st
ud
e
n
t
s
t
h
r
ou
gh
i
nt
ervi
e
w
s.
D
a
t
a
col
l
ec
t
i
o
n
is d
o
n
e
by o
b
ser
v
a
t
ion,
que
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
re, interv
i
ew
,
a
n
d d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
at
io
n.
Re
trieva
l
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
d
a
i
l
y
t
est
va
lue
data
a
t
cla
ss
X
o
n
r
e
d
o
x
m
a
ter
i
a
l
w
as
u
se
d
to
d
e
t
erm
i
ne
stude
n
t
s
'
c
ogn
i
t
i
v
e
lea
r
ni
ng
o
u
t
c
ome
s
.
Q
u
e
s
ti
o
nna
ires
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
tud
y
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
20
ques
t
i
o
ns
a
b
out
t
he
r
edo
x
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
t
h
a
t
i
s
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
a
r
e
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
na
me
l
y
c
l
a
ss
X
I
IP
A
2.
A
que
st
ion
n
a
i
r
e
i
s
used
t
o
ana
l
yz
e
t
h
e
lear
ni
n
g
m
edia
n
ee
d
s
i
n
sc
ho
o
l
.
Te
ac
h
e
r
in
ter
v
i
e
w
s
w
er
e
c
ond
ucte
d
to
one
o
f
the
c
h
e
m
istry
teac
her
s
a
t
S
t
a
t
e
S
e
n
i
or
H
ighsc
h
oo
l
8
S
e
m
a
rang
to
g
e
t
r
es
ul
ts
i
n
t
h
e
form
o
f
sol
u
t
i
on
s
and
e
fforts
t
o
overc
ome
stu
d
e
nt
s
'
d
iffic
u
ltie
s
in
t
he
r
edo
x
ma
t
e
r
ial
in
c
l
a
ss
X
t
hro
u
g
h
I
C
T-
based
le
ar
nin
g
me
dia.
S
tud
e
n
t
i
n
t
erv
i
ew
s
a
r
e
used
t
o
q
u
es
tion
s
t
ude
n
t
s'
d
i
f
fic
ul
ti
es
i
n
le
a
r
ni
ng,
e
spe
c
i
a
l
ly
i
n
re
do
x
m
a
te
ria
l
.
D
o
cum
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
i
s
u
se
d
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
rt
r
esea
rch
in
t
he
f
or
m
of
p
h
o
t
o
g
rap
h
s
w
h
e
n
l
e
a
rn
in
g
ac
t
i
v
itie
s
ta
ke
p
l
a
ce
i
n
t
h
e
cl
assroo
m.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
DISCU
SSIO
N
Th
is
r
ese
a
rc
h
w
a
s
c
ond
uc
t
e
d
i
n
S
ta
te
S
eni
o
r
H
i
ghs
c
h
o
o
l
8
S
e
m
a
r
a
ng
i
n
A
ugu
st
2
018
i
n
c
l
a
ss
X
I
20
1
8
/2
01
9
sc
h
o
o
l
y
ear
.
The
re
sear
ch
w
as
s
tarte
d
b
y
g
i
v
i
ng
a
res
ea
rch
pe
rm
i
t
t
o
t
h
e
v
i
c
e
p
rinc
i
p
al
o
f
the
stude
n
t
f
i
e
l
d
.
The
da
t
a
a
na
l
y
sis
t
e
c
h
ni
q
u
e
i
n
t
hi
s
stud
y
u
s
es
d
es
crip
ti
v
e
q
u
a
li
t
a
tiv
e
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
by
a
n
a
lyz
i
ng
t
h
e
dai
l
y
t
es
t
sc
ores
o
f
stu
d
e
n
t
s
o
n
red
o
x
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s,
a
nal
y
s
i
s of
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
re
sp
on
s
e
q
ues
tio
nna
i
r
es,
teac
her in
t
e
r
v
iew
s
and
stu
d
e
n
t
in
t
e
r
v
ie
w
s
and
an
aly
s
is ba
s
e
d
o
n
obser
va
tio
ns
a
nd d
oc
um
ent
a
tio
n.
An
aly
s
i
s
o
f
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
l
e
arning
o
ut
co
me
s
wa
s
ca
rri
ed
o
u
t
b
y
re
t
r
i
e
vi
ng
s
tud
e
nt
s'
d
ail
y
t
e
s
t
v
a
lu
e
d
a
ta
on
r
edo
x
m
a
t
e
r
ial
d
u
rin
g
c
la
ss
X
.
D
aily
r
e
s
ults
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
of
clas
s
X-A
redox
m
aterial
u
p
t
o
c
l
ass
X-
I
in
S
t
ate
S
e
n
i
or
H
ig
hsc
h
o
o
l
8
S
e
m
a
r
ang
sh
ow
ed
t
ha
t
ma
ny
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
w
e
re
s
ti
ll
bel
o
w
K
K
M
(
Min
i
m
u
m
Com
p
le
t
i
on
C
r
iteria)
.
Th
i
s
s
how
s
t
h
a
t
m
a
n
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
s
t
ill
h
a
v
e
d
i
ffic
u
l
t
y
unde
rs
tan
d
i
n
g
re
d
o
x
m
ate
r
ia
l.
C
a
lcu
l
a
tio
n
of
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
dai
l
y
tes
t sc
ores c
an
b
e se
en i
n T
a
b
l
e
1.
Tab
l
e
1.
A
naly
sis
of
s
tu
de
nt d
a
ily
t
e
s
t
va
lue
s
Cl
a
s
s
X
A
X
B
X
C
X
D
X
E
X
F
XG
XH
X
I
S
c
or
e
2705
2195
2210
2230
2140
2
165
2700
2300
2250
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
75.
138
89
60.
972
22
61.
388
89
61.
944
44
59.
444
44
60.
13
8
8
9
7
5
63.
888
89
62.
5
C
r
ite
ria
C
o
m
p
l
e
te
I
nc
o
m
ple
t
e
Inc
o
m
p
le
t
e
I
nc
o
m
p
l
et
e
I
n
c
o
m
p
lete
I
nc
o
m
plete
C
o
m
p
le
t
e
I
nc
o
m
plet
e
I
n
c
o
m
p
lete
I
n
T
ab
le
1
it
c
a
n
be
s
ee
n
t
h
a
t
o
f
the
9
c
l
a
sses
i
n
c
lass
X
on
ly
t
w
o
c
lasses
ha
d
a
v
erage
m
a
ster
y
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
b
o
v
e
K
K
M
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
s
i
x
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
w
e
r
e
s
t
i
l
l
b
e
l
o
w
t
h
e
K
K
M
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
di
ffic
ul
t
i
e
s
i
n re
do
x m
a
teria
l
.
S
t
ude
n
t
s 'd
iffic
u
l
tie
s
i
n
r
ed
ox
m
a
te
rial
o
c
c
ur bec
au
se
o
f
a
la
c
k
of
s
t
u
den
t
s
'
un
d
er
sta
n
di
n
g
i
n lear
nin
g
redo
x
m
a
ter
i
a
l
i
nc
lud
i
ng
d
i
st
i
ngu
is
hi
n
g
t
he
m
ea
ni
n
g
o
f
ox
ida
t
io
n
a
nd
re
d
u
c
t
i
on
rea
c
t
i
o
ns,
equat
i
n
g
r
ea
ctio
ns
us
i
n
g
ox
i
d
at
i
o
n
num
b
e
rs
a
nd
hal
f
-r
eac
t
i
o
n
m
e
th
ods,
a
n
d
de
ter
m
in
in
g
ox
ida
t
i
o
n
n
u
m
b
ers
in
a
c
om
po
u
nd.
S
t
ude
n
t
s
ha
ve
d
i
f
fic
u
l
t
y
u
n
de
rstan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
ter
i
a
l
b
e
c
a
u
se
t
he
m
ater
i
a
l
ta
ug
h
t
b
y
the
te
ac
he
r
is
a
bs
tra
c
t,
there
is
no
ot
h
e
r
litera
t
u
r
e
p
rov
i
ded
by
the
tea
c
he
r
o
t
he
r
t
h
a
n
t
he
t
ex
t
b
o
ok
i
n
t
he
libr
a
ry.
I
n
a
ddi
t
i
o
n
,
t
he
t
h
i
n
gs
t
h
a
t
ca
use
d
i
f
f
i
c
ul
ti
es
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
nt
s
i
n
r
ed
ox
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
a
r
e
t
h
a
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
e
a
s
i
l
y
f
o
r
g
e
t
t
h
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
,
a
r
e
n
o
t
ca
reful
a
nd
d
o
n
o
t
p
a
y
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
on
t
o
t
he
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
w
hen
tea
c
h
i
ng.
S
o
l
u
tio
ns
t
o
o
v
erc
o
me
s
t
ude
n
t
d
iffic
u
l
t
i
e
s
c
an
be
d
o
n
e
b
y
p
rov
i
di
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy-
base
d
in
t
e
ra
ctive
lear
ni
ng
s
u
c
h
a
s
e
-
l
e
a
r
ning.
E
-lea
r
n
i
ng
ba
se
d
lea
r
ning
mode
l
s
c
a
n
f
a
c
ili
ta
te
s
tu
de
nt
s
i
n
t
he
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
proc
ess
a
n
d
ma
ke
s
tu
de
nts
e
n
th
usia
st
i
c
t
o
lea
r
n
le
ar
nin
g
ma
terial,
espe
c
i
al
l
y
re
dox
ma
terial
[
2
5
].
Base
d
A
n
al
ys
i
s
Q
ue
st
io
n
n
air
e
c
on
tai
n
s
qu
e
s
tio
ns
t
o
u
nde
rsta
nd
s
tu
de
nt
s'
d
i
f
fic
u
lt
ie
s
in
r
ed
ox
mat
e
ri
a
l
.
Th
e
re
su
l
t
s
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
stio
nn
ai
re
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
s
o
f
st
ud
e
n
t
s
to
r
e
dox
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
i
n
d
ica
t
e
t
h
a
t
s
tu
de
n
t
s
expe
r
i
ence
d
i
f
fic
u
lt
i
e
s
in
r
ed
ox
m
a
ter
i
a
l
,
e
s
pe
c
i
al
l
y
i
n
re
so
lv
ing
the
rea
c
ti
o
n
e
q
u
a
t
io
n
w
i
th
t
he
o
x
i
da
t
i
on
met
h
od
,
eq
u
a
liz
i
n
g
t
h
e
re
dox
rea
c
t
ion
i
n
a
n
ac
idi
c
a
t
m
o
s
ph
ere
a
n
d
a
lka
line
a
t
m
o
sp
her
e
,
and
e
qua
t
i
n
g
t
he
redo
x
rea
c
ti
on
w
i
t
h
the
h
a
l
f-re
acti
o
n m
e
th
od
.
F
a
c
t
or
s
t
h
at
c
a
u
se
s
t
u
de
nt
d
i
ffic
u
lties
in
r
ed
ox
ma
t
e
ria
l
a
re
d
ivi
d
ed
i
nt
o
t
w
o
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
inte
rn
al
f
a
c
to
rs
and
e
x
t
e
rnal
f
a
c
tors.
Interna
l
f
act
ors
i
n
cl
u
d
e
stu
d
e
n
t
s
w
ho
ar
e
l
e
ss
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
t
o
re
ce
iv
e
lessons,
students
p
ay
less
a
tte
nt
i
o
n
t
o
t
he
t
e
ache
r
i
n
the
l
e
arn
i
n
g
p
r
o
cess,
t
her
e
i
s
n
o
l
itera
ture
t
ha
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
bec
a
u
se
t
h
e
boo
ks
are
only
l
o
a
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
li
bra
r
y.
I
n
ad
di
tio
n,
e
x
t
erna
l
fa
ct
ors
can
b
e
i
n
t
he
f
or
m
of
a
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
m
e
dia
classro
o
m
en
vi
ronm
en
t,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
l
ear
ning
m
o
t
i
va
t
i
o
n
w
hi
ch
i
s
al
so
a
n
i
m
po
rt
an
t
f
act
o
r
i
n
l
e
arn
i
ng
succe
ss.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
l
e
ar
ni
n
g
m
oti
v
a
t
i
o
n
ca
n
be
i
m
p
ro
ved
by
t
h
e
pre
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
I
C
T
-bas
ed
i
n
t
e
r
act
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
me
dia
s
u
ch
a
s
e-le
arni
n
g
[
2
6
].
S
tude
nt
s
w
i
t
h
v
ar
iou
s
b
a
c
kgr
ou
n
d
s
mu
st
b
e
ab
le
t
o
w
o
rk
a
n
d
s
t
udy
w
ith
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
225
2-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
.
J.
Ev
al.
&
Res.
Ed
u
c
.
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
19: 2
65
-
2
70
26
8
di
ffere
n
t
e
n
v
i
ronm
en
ts
(
tea
m
work)
,
t
hem
a
ti
c
st
u
d
ie
s
wit
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
i
sc
ip
line
s
,
ac
com
p
a
n
y
i
ng
t
ea
che
r
s
,
a
nd
e
x
t
r
ac
ur
ricu
lar
ac
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
t
o su
pp
ort c
h
em
i
c
a
l
lea
rni
ng i
n
sch
o
o
l
s
[
27]
.
B
a
se
d on
st
ude
nt i
n
t
e
r
v
i
ew
s,
t
he r
esu
l
ts s
h
o
w
t
ha
t r
e
do
x m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
is ma
t
e
r
i
al
t
ha
t is q
ui
t
e
d
iffic
u
lt
for
st
ude
n
t
s.
E
r
r
o
r
s
a
nd
m
i
su
n
d
e
r
sta
n
d
i
ng
s
o
f
s
t
u
de
nts
i
n
r
e
d
o
x
m
at
e
r
i
a
l
re
su
lt
i
n
not
a
chi
e
vi
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
ob
jec
t
i
v
es.
S
t
u
d
en
ts
a
t
S
t
ate
S
e
nior
H
ig
h
S
c
ho
ol
8
S
em
ar
ang
ha
v
e
bee
n
a
b
l
e
t
o
u
se
c
om
puter
s
t
o
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
c
h
em
i
c
a
l
s
u
b
je
ct
d
a
t
a
thr
o
ugh
o
nl
ine
netw
or
ks
s
uc
h
a
s
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
.
T
he
e
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
ap
p
l
i
c
ati
o
n
a
l
l
o
w
s
s
tude
n
t
s
to
d
o
the
i
r
ass
i
g
n
m
e
nts
w
h
e
n
eve
r
a
nd
w
h
e
r
e
v
er
t
he
y
w
a
nt
[
28]
.
S
oc
i
a
l
netw
ork
i
n
g
s
i
t
es,
b
l
o
g
s,
w
ik
ipe
d
ia
,
go
o
g
le,
y
o
u
t
u
be,
sm
ar
tph
o
n
e
,
w
e
b,
a
nd
e-
modu
les
ca
n
c
o
mplem
e
nt
l
e
ar
ni
ng
me
d
i
a
i
n
t
he
c
las
s
r
o
om
i
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
t
o
s
u
p
por
tin
g
bo
o
k
s.
T
he
m
ed
ia
f
or
I
CT-
b
ase
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
ap
pli
cat
ion
s
can
b
e
c
o
m
e
n
e
w
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
o
o
l
s
a
nd
imp
o
r
t
a
n
t
nee
d
s
in
t
he
e
d
u
ca
ti
on
se
c
t
or
[
2
9
]
.
B
a
se
d
on
t
he
t
eac
her
'
s
in
ter
v
i
e
w
,
t
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
s
h
o
w
e
d
tha
t
t
he
c
h
e
mi
st
ry
t
ea
c
h
er
h
a
d
t
aug
h
t
a
t
S
t
a
te
H
i
g
h
S
c
h
oo
l
8
S
e
mar
a
ng
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
ha
n
2
0
y
ea
r
s
.
Le
ar
nin
g
m
e
d
i
a
t
hat
are
u
s
ua
lly
u
sed
are
li
b
r
a
r
y
bo
ok
s
and
pow
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
pr
e
se
n
t
a
t
ions.
T
h
e
tea
c
her
has
be
e
n
g
i
v
en t
r
a
i
n
ing i
n
I
C
T-
ba
se
d
l
e
ar
ni
n
g
a
t
t
h
e
scho
o
l
.
But if
y
ou
m
a
ke
a
n
ew
a
p
p
lic
a
t
i
o
n
the
te
a
c
her
has
n
o
t
be
en
a
b
l
e
to.
I
f
e
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
-b
a
s
ed
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
t
ak
es
e
ff
ect
,
ch
emi
s
t
r
y
tea
c
he
rs
a
t
Sta
t
e
Se
nior
H
ig
h
Scho
ol
8
S
em
ara
ng
will
b
e
gi
n
to
a
da
p
t
t
o
ne
w
lear
ni
n
g
m
edia
t
o
im
pr
o
v
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
e
d
u
ca
t
i
ona
l
pr
o
g
r
e
ss.
P
r
i
n
c
i
ple
s
t
ha
t
must
b
e
h
e
l
d
by
teac
her
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
sr
u
p
tive
e
r
a
inc
l
ude
p
ush
be
yon
d
c
o
m
f
or
t
z
one
,
w
o
r
k
t
ow
ar
d
w
e
ll
d
e
f
i
n
ed,
spe
c
i
f
i
c
goa
l
s
(
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
c
l
ea
r
tar
g
e
ts
o
r
ac
hi
e
v
em
en
ts
a
c
c
ord
i
n
g
t
o
le
arni
ng
goa
l
s
)
,
f
oc
us
i
nt
e
n
t
l
y
o
n
i
m
p
ac
t
f
u
l
a
c
t
iv
it
ie
s
(
f
oc
us
on
pr
ov
id
i
n
g
ac
t
i
v
itie
s
tha
t
m
ean
i
n
g
f
ul
a
n
d
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
st
ude
n
t
s)
,
r
e
cei
ve
a
nd
r
e
sp
o
nd
to
h
igh
qu
ali
t
y
(
r
ece
i
v
e
a
nd
pr
o
v
i
de
q
ua
li
ty
f
ee
dba
c
k
f
or
s
t
ude
n
t
s)
,
and
de
ve
l
op
a
me
nt
al
m
odel
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
se
(
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
nt
al
i
t
y
of
s
tu
de
nt
s
in
t
o
t
he
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
an
e
xper
t
)
.
The
a
n
a
l
ysis
o
f
the
ne
ed
s
of
l
ea
rni
n
g
me
dia
in
S
tate
S
en
ior
Hig
hsc
h
oo
l
8
S
e
ma
r
a
ng
is
d
on
e
by
obs
er
vin
g
t
he
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
c
lass
an
d
sc
h
o
o
l
.
S
t
ate
S
e
n
i
or
H
ig
h
S
c
ho
o
l
8
S
em
ar
ang
h
a
s
prepa
r
ed
i
t
s
e
l
f
for
I
C
T-
ba
se
d
sch
o
o
l
s
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
sup
por
tin
g
fa
c
i
lit
ies
s
u
ch
a
s
w
i
f
i
,
L
C
D
,
pr
oject
or
,
com
p
u
t
e
r
l
ab,
sou
n
d
s
ys
tem
,
a
nd
la
pt
o
p
f
or
e
a
c
h
t
e
ac
he
r
.
E
a
c
h
t
e
ache
r
h
as
a
ls
o
be
e
n
g
ive
n
I
T-
base
d
lear
n
i
n
g
t
r
a
in
i
ng.
T
he
t
eac
he
r
has
be
en a
b
l
e t
o
c
r
e
ate
an
d
pr
esent
lea
r
n
i
ng m
e
dia
in
t
he
f
or
m
of
p
ow
er
po
in
t
s
bu
t
w
he
n c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g ne
w
a
p
p
lica
t
ion
s
su
ch
a
s
t
h
e
we
b
,
f
l
a
sh
,
th
e
t
eac
h
e
r'
s
e
-
mo
d
u
l
e
can
not
.
T
o
i
mp
ro
ve
2
1
s
t
-
c
e
nt
ur
y
e
d
uc
a
t
i
on
sk
i
lls
i
n
t
h
e
er
a
o
f
di
sr
up
t
i
o
n
t
eac
her
s
c
a
n
w
or
k
w
ith
a
p
p
lica
t
i
o
n
m
a
ke
r
s
t
o
c
r
ea
te
e-lea
r
n
i
ng-
based
i
n
t
e
rac
tive
lea
r
n
i
ng
m
edia
[
3
0
]
.
Whe
n
v
i
e
w
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
cal
a
dva
nc
es
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
t
S
t
a
t
e
S
e
ni
or
H
ig
h
S
c
hoo
l
8
S
e
m
a
r
a
ng,
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
u
s
e
I
T
s
u
c
h
a
s
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
r
w
e
b
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy,
s
oc
ial
m
e
dia,
a
nd
s
m
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
s.
I
n
Fi
g
u
re
1
s
h
o
w
s
st
ud
en
t
l
e
arn
i
ng
s
p
a
ce
a
cco
mp
ani
e
d
by
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
m
edia
t
ha
t
su
pp
or
t
t
h
e
im
pl
e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
of
e
-
l
e
a
r
n
in
g.
F
i
gur
e
1.
T
he
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
o
f
l
ea
r
n
ing
me
di
a
i
n
c
lasses
S
c
hoo
l
s
n
eed
t
o
m
a
ke
s
e
v
e
r
al
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
fa
ce
c
h
a
lle
nge
s
in
t
h
e
d
i
s
rupt
ion
e
r
a
su
c
h
a
s
de
ve
l
o
p
i
ng
c
r
itic
al
a
n
d
c
r
eat
i
v
e
t
h
in
kin
g
s
k
i
l
l
s,
r
evis
i
n
g
s
t
ud
e
n
t
assessm
e
nt
s
ys
tem
s
,
d
e
vel
o
pin
g
c
ur
r
i
cul
u
m
,
an
d
p
r
i
o
r
i
ti
zi
ng
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
r
oce
sse
s
rat
h
er
t
h
a
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
[
31
].
T
h
e
e
du
ca
tio
n
sy
st
e
m
i
n
th
e
21
st
-
c
e
nt
ur
y
mus
t
b
e
e
qui
p
p
ed
w
it
h
tec
h
nol
og
y
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
tha
t
i
s
mo
re
c
r
e
a
t
iv
e
a
nd
i
n
nov
a
t
iv
e
and
mo
r
e
a
dva
nce
d
a
nd
r
e
a
dy
t
o
be
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
[
15]
.
T
e
a
c
he
r
s
a
r
e
g
iv
e
n
g
u
i
dance
a
n
d in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
e
gar
d
in
g
the
us
e o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
Eval & R
es E
d
u
c
.
IS
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
An
alys
is o
f
t
h
e
dem
a
nds o
f
ICT
-
based
chem
i
s
try le
arni
n
g
m
e
dia
i
n
the
disr
up
tiv
e e
r
a
…
(Wor
o Sum
arn
i
)
26
9
tech
n
o
l
o
gy
in
s
cho
o
l
s
t
o
b
e
s
afe
and
effec
t
i
v
e.
T
he
f
irst
s
te
p
th
e
t
e
ac
h
e
r
ca
n
use
so
c
i
al
m
edi
a
i
n
com
m
unic
a
t
in
g
an
d
teac
hin
g
che
m
istry
le
arni
n
g
s
uc
h
a
s
y
ou
t
ube,
fa
ce
bo
ok,
b
lo
g,
e
nc
y
c
lo
pe
dia,
a
nd
s
o
f
orth.
Thro
ug
h
s
o
c
i
al
m
edia
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
w
ill
be
d
irec
tl
y
c
o
n
ne
c
t
ed
t
o
c
o
mm
un
icate
w
i
t
h
e
ac
h
ot
he
r
and
in
t
r
od
uc
e
more
intere
s
t
i
n
g
c
he
m
i
c
a
l c
o
ncep
ts
[32].
The
new
t
r
ans
f
orm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d
o
f
e
du
c
a
t
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
e
ra
o
f
disru
p
t
i
on
ca
n
inc
l
ude
l
ear
n
i
n
g
mode
l
s
t
hat
e
m
pha
siz
e
h
ig
h
-
leve
l
t
h
in
ki
n
g
ski
l
l
s
(
H
O
T
S
)
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-b
a
s
e
d
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
dia
(ICT),
and
th
e
in
t
e
grat
io
n
of
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
i
t
era
c
y
i
n
c
u
rr
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
eve
l
o
p
m
e
nt
s
ys
t
e
ms
[
3
3
].
T
hr
ou
g
h
d
ig
i
t
al
liter
a
c
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
assi
gnme
n
ts
c
a
n
b
e
d
one
a
n
y
t
i
me
a
nd
a
n
yw
he
re
b
y
u
t
iliz
i
ng
i
n
for
ma
t
i
on
t
ec
hno
l
o
g
y
[34
]
.
St
at
e
Sen
i
or
H
i
g
h
Sch
o
o
l
8
S
e
ma
ra
n
g
h
a
s
so
ught
t
o
i
m
p
r
ov
e
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
edu
c
a
t
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
v
e
e
r
a
.
S
c
h
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
have
a
n
i
m
p
o
rtan
t
r
o
le
i
n
pr
od
uc
in
g
gr
ad
u
a
tes
w
ho
are
a
b
l
e
t
o
f
a
c
e
an
e
ra
o
f
disr
up
t
i
on
or
i
ns
ta
bi
lit
y
[
35]
.
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
ca
n
p
r
ovi
d
e
s
tu
de
n
t
s
wi
th
c
rea
t
i
v
e
an
d
i
n
novat
i
v
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
ge
o
f
che
m
is
try
sub
j
e
c
ts
[
36
]
.
T
he
teac
her
a
c
t
s
a
s
a
n
age
n
t
of
c
ha
nge
i
n
im
prov
ing
s
t
ude
n
t
l
i
t
era
c
y
i
n
t
he
f
i
e
l
d
s
o
f
d
a
t
a
li
tera
cy,
tec
h
no
log
y
lite
rac
y
,
an
d
H
R
l
ite
rac
y
.
It
i
s
expec
t
e
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
era
o
f
d
isr
u
p
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
de
nt
s
can
a
da
p
t
m
ore
quic
k
ly
s
o
t
h
a
t
the c
h
em
i
c
al le
a
rni
ng proc
e
ss c
a
n r
un w
e
ll t
h
rou
gh
e-lea
r
n
i
n
g
b
ase
d
lea
rnin
g
me
dia.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
S
t
ate
S
e
n
i
or
H
ig
hsc
h
oo
l
8
S
e
m
a
ra
ng
is
a
s
u
bur
ba
n
sch
o
o
l
c
a
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pp
ort
i
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faci
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ities
in
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he
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rni
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proce
ss.
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ch
no
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me
di
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he
a
pp
l
i
c
a
ti
o
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o
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new
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i
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e
r
a
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y
i
n
t
h
e
for
m
o
f
da
t
a
,
te
c
hno
lo
g
y
l
ite
rac
y
,
and
col
l
a
bora
t
i
o
n
of
a
l
l
sch
o
o
l
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
n
g
of
p
rinc
ipa
l
s
,
t
e
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rs,
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d
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ts
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o
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pport
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en
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of
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anc
e
m
ent
of
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he
e
duca
tio
n
s
y
ste
m
i
n
21st-
c
e
n
t
ur
y
skil
ls.
Lea
r
ni
ng
c
h
em
i
s
try
a
t
S
e
marang
8
H
i
g
h
S
c
hoo
l
can
b
e
impr
ove
d
b
y
a
pp
l
y
ing
I
C
T-base
d
c
h
emi
cal
l
e
a
rn
ing
me
di
a
suc
h
a
s
e-
lear
n
i
n
g
.
E-lea
r
ni
ng
b
a
se
d
c
h
em
ist
r
y
lea
r
nin
g
can
b
e
on
l
i
n
e
l
ea
rni
n
g
t
h
ro
ug
h
t
h
e
w
e
b,
e
ncyc
l
ope
d
i
a
,
b
lo
gs,
soc
i
al
m
ed
ia,
e-
modu
les
e
t
c.
S
tate
S
eni
o
r
H
i
g
h
sc
ho
o
l
8
S
em
a
r
ang
h
as
p
r
e
par
e
d
s
u
p
por
ti
ng
fac
ili
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
in
frastruc
tur
e
s
o
t
h
at
t
here
a
r
e
no
o
b
s
t
ac
les
w
h
e
n
e
-
l
e
a
rn
in
g
b
ase
d
c
hem
i
st
r
y
l
ear
n
i
n
g
i
s
app
lie
d.
E
-lear
n
i
n
g
base
d
c
h
em
is
t
r
y
lear
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
a
p
pl
ie
d
t
o
r
edo
x
m
ateria
l
to
o
v
e
r
co
me
l
ea
rn
in
g
di
ffi
c
ul
ti
e
s
i
n
stu
d
e
n
ts
a
nd
incre
a
se
l
e
a
rn
i
ng m
o
t
i
va
t
i
o
n
i
n
order
to o
bta
i
n be
tter
va
lue
.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
aut
h
or
w
o
u
l
d
lik
e
t
o
s
a
y
t
ha
n
k
t
o
Mr
.
Cepi
K
urni
aw
an,
PhD
f
o
r
h
i
s
a
d
v
i
c
e
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
tea
c
hers
o
f
State
Senior
H
ig
hscho
o
l
8
Semar
a
n
g
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
vo
lu
n
t
a
rily
b
e
c
o
me
t
he
s
ubj
ec
ts
i
n
this st
u
dy.
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s
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n
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v
a
ti
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a
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e
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h
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h
i
n
k
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o
f
t
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s
t
ud
ent
s
t
au
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s
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n
g
i
nq
u
i
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i
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ase
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e
s
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n
d
d
i
s
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d
e
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i
r
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e
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i
t
h
a
w
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l
ect
ion
e
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h
asis
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s
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t
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Che
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U
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