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Feb
15
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2
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is
st
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ims
t
o
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h
o
w
c
h
a
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g
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i
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
re
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n
c
e
s,
sh
a
ri’ah
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c
o
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o
m
ic
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
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t
th
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tri
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l
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o
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sh
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e
c
o
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m
ics
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y
wa
s
c
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d
u
c
ted
a
t
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M
a
k
a
ss
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r,
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o
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th
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u
law
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si,
In
d
o
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e
sia
.
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is
stu
d
y
a
p
p
li
e
d
li
b
ra
r
y
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se
a
rc
h
.
Da
ta
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
in
th
is
stu
d
y
u
sin
g
d
isc
o
u
rse
fro
m
b
o
o
k
s,
a
rti
c
les
,
m
a
g
a
z
in
e
s,
jo
u
rn
a
ls,
a
n
d
we
b
(in
tern
e
t).
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
t
h
e
d
a
ta
we
re
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
si
n
g
th
e
M
il
e
s
a
n
d
Hu
b
e
rm
a
n
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l,
a
m
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ti
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d
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t
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d
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d
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is
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t)
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ter
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sp
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Hig
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d
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b
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Ec
o
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m
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o
f
h
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h
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d
u
c
a
ti
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tri
d
h
a
rm
a
.
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u
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th
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rm
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re
,
h
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h
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d
u
c
a
ti
o
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a
lso
tak
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s
a
si
g
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
sc
ien
ti
fic
a
sp
e
c
ts
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
re
so
u
rc
e
s in
t
h
e
field
o
f
S
h
a
ria E
c
o
n
o
m
ics
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
I
s
lam
ic
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
Sh
ar
i’
ah
e
co
n
o
m
ics
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ham
za
h
Ham
za
h
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics an
d
I
s
lam
ic
B
u
s
in
ess
,
UI
N
Alau
d
d
in
Ma
k
ass
ar
,
Su
ltan
Alau
d
d
in
Stre
et
No
.
6
3
,
Ma
k
ass
ar
,
Su
lawe
s
i Sela
tan
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
m
ail: h
am
za
k
h
ae
r
i
y
ah
@
y
ah
o
o
.
co
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
th
at
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ab
le
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
s
cien
tific
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
,
wh
ich
is
attr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
s
o
ciety
(
o
r
non
-
s
cien
tific
)
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
s
o
ciety
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
as
th
e
b
asic
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
[
1
]
.
Hig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
is
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
th
at
ca
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
to
ch
a
n
g
es
in
s
o
ciety
b
o
th
in
m
ee
tin
g
t
h
eir
s
cien
tific
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
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ee
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s
an
d
in
p
r
o
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g
k
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wled
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u
p
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o
r
t
th
e
f
u
lf
illme
n
t
o
f
th
eir
m
ater
ial
in
ter
ests
.
I
s
lam
as
a
d
o
ctr
in
e
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
s
cien
ce
an
d
f
aith
co
m
b
in
ed
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
tim
e
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
ab
le
to
co
n
tr
ac
t t
h
e
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
s
to
war
d
s
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
life
.
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
esp
ec
ially
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
p
e
r
io
d
ex
p
er
ien
c
ed
a
v
er
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
2
,
3
]
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
en
c
o
m
p
ass
es
th
e
s
cien
tific
d
im
en
s
io
n
m
a
r
k
ed
b
y
th
e
em
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
s
h
ar
ia
-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es
tau
g
h
t
i
n
ter
tiar
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
:
s
h
ar
i'
ah
b
an
k
in
g
an
d
o
th
er
n
o
n
-
b
a
n
k
f
i
n
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ce
.
T
h
is
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
w
as
also
s
u
p
p
o
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ted
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ca
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o
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cts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
b
ir
th
o
f
a
n
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m
b
er
o
f
la
ws
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Sh
ar
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-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
s
titu
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s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
L
aw
No
.
3
8
/
1
9
9
9
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
Ma
n
ag
em
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n
t
o
f
Z
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L
aw
No
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2
1
/2
0
0
8
o
n
Sh
ar
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an
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in
g
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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82
78
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
h
ar
i’
ah
-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
in
to
d
ay
'
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
er
a
.
I
t
s
ee
m
s
t
h
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
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two
is
a
m
u
tu
ally
b
en
ef
icial
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ip
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elatio
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s
h
ip
k
n
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s
tak
eh
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s
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h
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tu
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y
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s
to
ex
p
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h
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w
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g
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ch
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m
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h
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h
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o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tr
i
d
h
ar
m
a
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
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h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
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f
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ig
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er
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u
ca
tio
n
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en
t
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f
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h
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o
n
o
m
ics
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
ev
alu
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n
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ap
p
lied
d
ata
o
n
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
th
o
u
g
h
t.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
u
s
in
g
lib
r
ar
y
r
esear
ch
.
Ma
n
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
b
o
th
p
r
im
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
d
ata
wer
e
co
l
lecte
d
b
y
d
o
c
u
m
en
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
tex
t
r
ea
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
r
ev
iew
o
f
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
th
at
is
r
ela
ted
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
p
a
p
er
.
Data
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
id
en
tify
i
n
g
d
is
co
u
r
s
es
f
r
o
m
b
o
o
k
s
,
p
a
p
er
s
o
r
ar
ticles,
m
ag
az
in
es,
jo
u
r
n
als
,
web
(
in
ter
n
et)
,
o
r
o
t
h
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
wr
itin
g
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
th
in
g
s
o
r
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
n
o
tes,
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
,
b
o
o
k
s
,
n
ewsp
ap
er
s
,
m
an
u
als,
b
r
o
ch
u
r
es
an
d
s
o
o
n
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
e
ls
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
5
]
.
D
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
Miles,
Hu
b
er
m
an
,
an
d
Sald
an
a
m
o
d
el
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el
in
clu
d
es
d
ata
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
d
ata
d
is
p
lay
,
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
r
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
H
ig
her
educa
t
io
n a
nd
co
m
mu
nity
pref
er
ence
cha
ng
es
I
n
I
s
lam
,
s
cien
ce
an
d
f
aith
b
o
th
d
eliv
e
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
to
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
(
Ya
r
fa
i
a
l
-
lla
h
u
a
l
-
a
d
z
in
a
a
ma
n
u
min
ku
m
w
a
a
l
-
la
d
z
in
a
u
tu
l
a
l
-
ilm d
a
r
a
ja
t
)
[
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
co
n
tex
t,
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
with
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
cien
tific
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
8
]
,
h
a
v
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
in
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
ten
d
e
d
.
I
t
h
as
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
s
o
ciety
th
at
ten
d
s
to
b
e
d
y
n
am
ic,
s
o
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
clam
atio
n
to
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
p
er
io
d
it
h
as
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
s
ee
n
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
ag
r
ar
ian
s
o
ciet
ies,
wh
o
s
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
r
ef
er
to
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
n
atu
r
e
in
m
ee
tin
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
n
ee
d
s
,
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
s
cien
ce
is
o
n
ly
f
o
r
th
e
s
ak
e
o
f
h
o
w
to
cu
ltiv
ate
n
atu
r
e
an
d
m
ee
t
its
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
n
ee
d
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
as
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
o
b
tain
s
o
cial
leg
ality
to
en
ter
th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
[
9
]
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
in
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
is
s
ti
ll v
er
y
r
ar
e
an
d
en
ter
in
g
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
co
lleg
e
wh
en
it h
as a
s
o
cial
p
r
esti
g
e
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
o
f
class
ical
ac
h
iev
em
en
t.
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
So
cie
ty
[
1
0
]
,
n
am
e
ly
th
e
f
u
lf
illme
n
t
o
f
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
itie
s
o
f
life
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ca
p
ital
o
wn
er
s
a
n
d
wo
r
k
er
s
.
T
h
e
ten
d
e
n
cy
to
o
p
en
b
o
th
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
l
ar
g
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
is
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
is
p
e
r
io
d
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
ass
ess
e
s
te
r
tiar
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
as
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
ca
n
tak
e
th
eir
ch
ild
r
e
n
to
o
b
tain
s
o
cial
leg
is
latio
n
to
en
ter
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
wo
r
ld
.
T
h
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
So
ciety
[
1
1
]
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
m
ee
t
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
ten
d
en
cy
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
le
to
en
ter
ter
tiar
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
o
b
tain
s
o
cial
leg
ality
in
en
ter
in
g
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
wo
r
k
b
ased
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
b
ased
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
2
0
0
0
s
wa
s
v
er
y
e
x
p
lo
s
iv
e
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
m
ar
k
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
(
esp
ec
ially
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es)
b
o
th
in
ter
m
s
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
n
d
in
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
g
en
er
al
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
o
ciety
th
at
is
d
i
r
ec
tly
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
at
io
n
er
a
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
th
eir
v
er
y
s
h
ar
p
cr
itiq
u
e
in
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
tex
t
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
th
at
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
u
n
ct
io
n
as
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
ca
n
b
e
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
co
m
e
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
T
V
h
av
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
r
ap
id
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
v
en
ts
,
w
h
ich
o
r
ig
in
ally
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
to
n
ews
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
en
ter
tain
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
h
as
ch
an
g
ed
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
an
"e
n
t
er
tain
m
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
ac
to
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
"
Fo
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cir
cles
in
th
is
er
a,
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
v
er
y
r
ap
id
ly
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
er
a
[
1
3
]
.
I
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
ciety
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
is
r
elate
d
to
th
eir
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
(
b
asis
o
f
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
)
i
n
ch
o
o
s
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
en
th
eir
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
also
s
ee
m
to
h
av
e
c
h
an
g
ed
.
C
h
an
g
es
in
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
n
am
el
y
ch
an
g
es
in
s
o
cial
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
b
u
t
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
y
n
am
ics.
Sp
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
th
is
f
ac
to
r
,
it
is
clea
r
ly
s
ee
n
in
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
e
x
am
b
o
th
in
t
h
e
co
lleg
e
en
tr
an
ce
s
elec
tio
n
test
an
d
in
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
n
atio
n
al
f
in
al
ex
a
m
an
d
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
n
atio
n
a
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
ap
p
lies
th
e
s
em
ester
cr
e
d
it sy
s
tem
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
e
n
tr
an
ce
e
x
am
s
(
esp
ec
ially
at
well
-
k
n
o
w
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia)
,
i
n
itially
f
u
n
cti
o
n
ally
to
s
elec
t
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
in
tellectu
al
lev
el
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
in
tellectu
al
co
m
p
etitio
n
is
a
s
in
g
le
id
ea
th
at
b
u
ild
s
th
e
in
itial
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
ex
am
co
n
ce
p
t.
B
u
t
in
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
it
h
as
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ex
p
an
s
io
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
a
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
s
la
mic
ec
o
n
o
mic
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
I
s
la
mic
h
ig
h
er e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
Ha
mza
h
Ha
mza
h
)
79
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
b
ilit
ies
b
u
t
lack
in
tellectu
al
ab
ilit
ies
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ex
am
co
n
ce
p
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
n
am
e
o
f
cr
o
s
s
-
s
u
b
s
id
ies,
b
u
t
it
s
ee
m
s
th
at
th
e
in
ter
n
al
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
th
em
s
elv
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
o
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
attitu
d
es.
E
co
n
o
m
ic
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
i
n
ter
n
al
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
c
atio
n
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
with
in
tellectu
al
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
in
r
ec
r
u
itin
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
also
s
ee
m
s
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
to
en
ter
co
lleg
e.
So
ciety
ten
d
s
to
n
o
lo
n
g
er
m
ak
e
id
eo
lo
g
ical
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
(
r
elig
io
u
s
d
em
an
d
s
)
as
th
e
s
o
le
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
in
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
b
u
t
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
d
o
u
b
le
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
n
a
m
ely
id
eo
lo
g
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic.
An
o
th
er
t
h
in
g
r
elate
d
to
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
,
is
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t'
s
p
o
licy
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
cr
ed
itatio
n
.
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
cr
ed
itatio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
al
Acc
r
ed
itatio
n
B
o
ar
d
f
o
r
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
4
]
,
ac
tu
ally
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
wo
r
k
.
So
m
e
f
ield
s
o
f
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
er
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
u
s
t
b
e
at
a
ce
r
tain
s
ca
le
in
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
ac
cr
ed
itati
o
n
s
co
r
es
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
Gr
a
d
e
Po
in
t
Av
er
ag
e
(
GPA)
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
an
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
w
o
r
k
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
I
s
lam
ic
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
n
o
t
n
ew.
T
h
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
I
s
lam
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ich
b
eg
an
with
th
e
ac
ad
em
y
o
f
th
e
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
t
o
f
r
elig
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
is
an
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
is
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
to
m
e
et
th
e
s
taf
f
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
in
th
e
r
elig
io
u
s
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t.
I
n
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
State
I
s
lam
an
d
State
I
s
lam
Un
iv
er
s
ity
h
av
e
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
m
ak
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
r
ef
r
esh
m
e
n
ts
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
teac
h
in
g
s
to
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
to
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
life
o
f
Mu
s
lim
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
3
.
2
.
Sh
a
ria
ec
o
no
m
ic
dev
elo
pm
e
nt
t
hro
ug
h t
he
T
ri
Dha
rm
a
o
f
hig
her
educa
t
io
n
I
n
d
o
n
esian
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
h
ad
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
v
a
r
io
u
s
ch
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
s
o
cial
a
n
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
in
wh
o
s
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
tex
t
th
e
law
was
v
ali
d
,
an
d
f
o
r
wh
at,
a
n
d
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
it
was
k
n
o
wn
as
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
C
h
an
g
es
i
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
ied
b
y
an
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
at
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
v
is
io
n
an
d
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
r
e
f
er
s
to
wh
at
is
k
n
o
wn
as
t
h
e
tr
i
d
h
ar
m
a
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ar
ts
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
i
d
h
ar
m
a
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
E
du
ca
t
io
n a
nd
t
ea
ching
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
teac
h
i
n
g
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
as
p
lay
in
g
a
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
y
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
Sh
a
r
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
b
o
th
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
p
u
b
lic
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
,
an
d
th
o
s
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
e
d
b
y
I
s
lam
ic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
Fo
r
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
aster
a
n
d
d
o
cto
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
n
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics.
T
h
e
I
s
lam
ic
an
d
Mid
d
le
E
ast
Stu
d
ies
Pro
g
r
am
UI
,
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
I
s
lam
i
c
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
[
1
5
]
,
wh
ile
T
r
is
ak
ti
Un
iv
er
s
ity
in
J
ak
ar
ta
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
d
o
cto
r
at
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
[
1
6
]
a
n
d
Air
L
an
g
g
a
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
(
UNAI
R
)
[
4
,
17
]
.
So
m
e
I
s
lam
ic
u
n
iv
er
s
it
ies
h
av
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
n
Sh
a
r
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ics,
i.e
.
Un
iv
er
s
itas
I
s
lam
Neg
er
i
Sy
ar
if
Hid
ay
atu
llah
J
ak
ar
ta
(
M
aste
r
an
d
D
o
cto
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
ce
2
0
0
2
)
[
1
8
]
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
I
s
lam
Neg
er
i
Su
n
an
Kalijag
a
Yo
g
y
ak
a
r
ta
(
Ma
s
ter
an
d
Do
cto
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
)
[
1
9
]
an
d
U
n
iv
er
s
itas
I
s
lam
Neg
er
i M
ak
ass
ar
(
Ma
s
ter
an
d
Do
ct
o
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
)
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
in
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
an
d
I
s
lam
ic
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
h
o
w
v
ar
ied
tr
en
d
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
J
av
a,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
ev
elo
p
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ics Stu
d
ies
in
T
az
k
ia
I
n
s
titu
te
[
2
1
]
a
n
d
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ics
C
o
lleg
e
[
2
2
]
.
Pad
jad
jar
a
n
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
as
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
[
2
3
]
.
B
r
awijay
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics
Ma
lan
g
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
e
Sh
ar
iah
E
co
n
o
m
ics
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
u
r
s
es
[
2
4
]
.
T
ad
u
la
k
o
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
Palu
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
th
em
es
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
r
elig
io
n
[
2
5
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
B
r
iwijay
a
Facu
lty
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics
in
Ma
lan
g
,
th
er
e
ar
e
two
co
u
r
s
es
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
ea
c
h
3
c
r
ed
its
in
th
e
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t,
n
am
ely
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
c
o
u
r
s
es
an
d
Sh
ar
iah
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
t
h
eo
r
y
co
u
r
s
es,
wh
ile
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
m
ajo
r
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
tu
d
ies,
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es
ar
e
g
iv
en
o
n
ly
o
n
ce
in
3
cr
ed
it
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es
co
m
p
r
is
e
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
u
am
alah
f
iq
h
;
th
e
Sh
ar
i'
ah
Facu
lty
is
a
f
ac
u
lty
t
h
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
e
v
e
lo
p
s
th
is
s
cien
tific
d
is
cip
lin
e,
wh
ich
h
as
estab
lis
h
ed
a
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t
k
n
o
wn
as
m
u
am
alah
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
Sh
ar
ia
an
d
L
aw
Facu
lty
o
f
U
I
N
Alau
d
d
in
Ma
k
ass
ar
,
in
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
th
is
d
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
was
ch
an
g
e
d
to
a
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ic
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
an
d
in
2
0
0
9
/2
0
1
0
,
o
n
ly
o
f
f
er
in
g
m
ajo
r
s
/s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
p
e
n
ed
i
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
in
t
h
e
UI
N
Alau
d
d
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
d
o
n
e
b
y
teac
h
in
g
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
-
b
ased
co
u
r
s
es
in
th
e
m
a
jo
r
s
/p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tu
d
ies,
b
u
t
also
in
o
th
er
m
ajo
r
s
.
Fo
r
n
o
n
-
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ics
m
ajo
r
s
,
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ics
I
an
d
I
I
co
u
r
s
es
ar
e
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
m
aj
o
r
s
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
(
g
en
e
r
al)
,
J
u
d
icia
l
Pro
ce
d
u
r
e
L
aw,
C
r
im
in
al
L
aw
an
d
I
s
lam
ic
Go
v
er
n
an
c
e,
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
Sch
o
o
ls
an
d
L
aws.
As
f
o
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
ajo
r
s
in
t
h
e
s
am
e
f
ac
u
lty
,
o
n
ly
I
s
lam
ic
b
a
n
k
in
g
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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co
u
r
s
es
wer
e
g
iv
e
n
with
2
cr
e
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its
an
d
Sh
ar
ia
E
c
o
n
o
m
ics
with
3
cr
e
d
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.
Fo
r
f
ac
u
lties
th
at
ar
e
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o
n
-
Sh
ar
iah
in
th
e
UI
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Alau
d
d
in
e
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v
ir
o
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m
e
n
t,
th
er
e
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e
two
(
2
)
f
ac
u
lt
ies,
wh
ich
m
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r
s
/p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
h
av
e
co
u
r
s
es
b
ased
o
n
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics.
T
h
e
Da'
w
ah
f
ac
u
lty
in
UI
N
Alau
d
d
in
Ma
k
ass
ar
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with
it
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ep
ar
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t/s
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r
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o
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Da'
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n
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em
en
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h
as
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u
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in
th
e
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ic
Sy
s
tem
,
I
s
lam
ic
Fin
an
cial
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
Z
ak
at,
I
n
f
a
q
,
an
d
Sh
a
d
aq
ah
(
Z
I
S)
Ma
n
ag
em
e
n
t
with
th
r
e
e
cr
ed
its
ea
ch
.
Fo
r
m
ajo
r
s
/s
tu
d
y
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
at
th
e
s
am
e
f
ac
u
lty
o
n
ly
te
ac
h
in
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
c
o
u
r
s
es
in
I
s
lam
ic
B
u
s
in
ess
with
3
cr
ed
its
.
Oth
e
r
f
ac
u
lties
ar
e
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
with
m
ajo
r
s
/
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
Ma
th
em
atics,
wh
ich
h
av
e
tau
g
h
t I
s
lam
ic
Fin
an
ce
c
o
u
r
s
es with
a
two
cr
ed
its
an
d
Ma
th
em
atica
l E
co
n
o
m
ics o
f
Sh
ar
ia
[
2
6
]
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
Fo
r
th
e
Sh
ar
i'
ah
-
b
ased
f
ield
s
o
f
r
esear
c
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
is
s
till
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
ate
o
f
o
th
er
I
s
lam
ic
s
cien
tific
f
ield
s
.
As
with
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
with
in
th
e
I
s
lam
ic
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
s
ar
e
s
till
lim
ited
to
s
tate
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
o
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
b
u
d
g
et
f
u
n
d
s
th
at
ar
e
lack
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
f
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
Sh
a
r
ia
-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
esear
ch
t
o
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
am
e
f
ate.
Fu
n
d
s
o
r
ig
in
atin
g
f
r
o
m
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
Sh
ar
i'
ah
-
b
ased
r
esear
ch
t
o
p
ics
in
d
icate
th
at
UI
N
Sy
ar
if
Hid
a
y
atu
lla
h
J
ak
ar
ta
2
0
0
8
h
as
c
o
llab
o
r
ated
with
B
an
k
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
B
I
)
.
So
m
e
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
th
at
wer
e
co
llab
o
r
ated
with
B
an
k
I
n
d
o
n
esia
in
2
0
0
0
wer
e
I
PB
,
Un
d
ip
,
an
d
Un
ib
r
aw
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
Sh
ar
i’
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
ject
[
2
7
,
2
8
]
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
Co
m
m
un
it
y
s
er
v
ice
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
er
v
ice,
as
lo
n
g
as
th
e
au
th
o
r
'
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
ee
m
s
to
h
av
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
less
atten
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
ev
o
tio
n
f
o
r
lectu
r
er
s
wh
o
teac
h
i
n
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
s
p
r
ea
d
in
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
Sh
ar
i’
ah
e
co
n
o
m
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as th
e
Am
il Z
ak
at
Ag
en
cy
(
B
ad
an
Am
il Z
ak
at)
[
2
9
]
an
d
o
th
e
r
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
3
.
3
.
Co
ntr
ibu
t
io
ns
o
f
un
iv
er
s
it
ie
s
in Sh
a
ria
ec
o
no
m
ic
dev
elo
p
m
ent
3
.
3
.
1
.
Co
ntr
ibu
t
io
n o
f
s
cient
if
ic
de
v
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
teac
h
in
g
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
th
at
im
p
r
ess
ed
f
iq
h
iy
ah
,
th
en
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
cien
ce
a
n
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
th
e
r
elig
io
u
s
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
with
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
R
elig
io
n
R
eg
u
latio
n
No
.
3
6
/2
0
0
9
[
3
0
]
d
es
er
v
es
f
u
r
th
er
cr
iticis
m
b
o
t
h
in
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
an
d
in
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
Scien
tific
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
r
S
h
ar
i'
ah
as
a
b
r
an
c
h
o
f
R
elig
io
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
f
er
ed
n
a
m
ely
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ic
L
aw
(
Mu
am
a
lah
)
an
d
Z
a
k
at
an
d
W
aq
f
.
T
h
e
titl
es
g
iv
en
a
r
e
“S
.
Sy
.
”
(
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Sh
ar
i
ah
)
;
“M
.
Sy
.
”
(
Ma
s
ter
o
f
Sh
ar
ia)
;
“S.
E
.
Sy
”
f
o
r
th
e
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Sh
ar
i'
ah
E
co
n
o
m
ics;
an
d
“M
.
E
.
Sy
.
”
f
o
r
Ma
s
ter
s
in
Sh
ar
i'
ah
E
co
n
o
m
ics.
F
o
r
th
e
latter
d
eg
r
ee
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ics
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
Sh
ar
ia
B
an
k
in
g
,
an
d
Sh
ar
ia
I
n
s
u
r
a
n
ce
with
s
cien
tific
s
tu
d
ies o
n
E
co
n
o
m
ics as a
b
r
a
n
ch
o
f
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
.
Dete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
cien
tific
f
ield
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
d
eg
r
ee
,
we
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
ew
win
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
Sh
a
r
i’
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
as
a
d
is
cip
lin
e
an
d
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
alu
m
n
i
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
w
o
r
k
.
Fre
s
h
air
is
in
ten
d
ed
,
ca
n
b
e
b
lo
wn
,
as
lo
n
g
as
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
ar
e
m
ad
e
to
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
clu
d
in
g
s
y
llab
u
s
an
d
teac
h
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
s
tate
th
e
Dec
r
ee
o
f
th
e
Mi
n
is
ter
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
N
o
.
0
4
5
o
f
2
0
0
2
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
C
o
r
e
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
a
r
ticle
3
[
3
1
]
,
it
is
s
tated
t
h
at
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
c
o
r
e
is
th
e
h
allm
a
r
k
o
f
th
e
m
ain
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
:
T
h
e
b
asis
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
g
r
a
d
u
ate
co
m
p
eten
cy
;
Min
im
u
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
;
Ap
p
lies
n
atio
n
ally
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
;
Flex
ib
le
an
d
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atin
g
to
ch
an
g
es
v
er
y
q
u
ick
ly
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e;
Mu
tu
al
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t b
etwe
en
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ates’
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
d
eter
m
in
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
m
p
ete
n
cies,
an
d
o
th
e
r
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
at
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
with
t
h
e
m
ain
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Ar
ticle
6
s
tates
th
at
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
s
tip
u
late
th
e
co
r
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
as
s
tip
u
lated
in
ar
ticle
1
1
p
ar
ag
r
ap
h
1
o
f
th
e
Dec
r
e
e
o
f
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Nu
m
b
er
2
3
2
/U/2
0
0
0
[
3
1
]
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
co
l
leg
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
to
g
eth
e
r
wit
h
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
s
p
ir
it
th
at
was
b
u
ilt
b
y
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
d
ec
r
ee
is
th
e
s
p
ir
it
o
f
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
an
d
p
a
r
tn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
p
i
r
it
o
f
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
o
f
c
o
u
r
s
e,
h
as
b
r
o
ad
m
ea
n
i
n
g
,
b
u
t
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
th
is
s
p
ir
it
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
ex
am
in
e,
id
en
tify
,
an
d
o
f
f
er
alter
n
ativ
es
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
s
o
ciety
,
esp
ec
ially
lo
ca
l
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
s
p
ir
i
t
o
f
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
im
p
lies
g
iv
in
g
au
t
h
o
r
ity
t
o
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
b
u
ild
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
in
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
e
s
en
s
e
an
d
n
o
t
ju
s
t
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
s
en
ce
o
f
d
ec
r
ee
e
n
co
m
p
ass
es
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
s
o
ciety
an
d
in
f
ac
t,
it
was
b
o
r
n
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
with
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
th
a
t
d
ea
ls
with
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
o
ciety
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
s
la
mic
ec
o
n
o
mic
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
I
s
la
mic
h
ig
h
er e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
Ha
mza
h
Ha
mza
h
)
81
I
n
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
E
c
o
n
o
m
ics
s
cien
ce
an
d
its
d
e
r
iv
ativ
es,
it
s
ee
m
s
th
at
s
in
ce
2
0
0
2
o
r
af
ter
th
e
d
ec
r
e
e
i
s
s
u
ed
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
e
o
p
en
f
o
r
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
c
an
b
e
d
o
n
e
with
a
c
o
r
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
p
atter
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
o
p
en
in
g
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
in
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
s
ep
ar
ate
s
u
b
jects
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
Sh
ar
i’
a
h
non
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
Min
is
ter
o
f
R
elig
io
n
R
eg
u
latio
n
No
.
3
6
/2
0
0
9
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
Dete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
Deg
r
ee
Ass
is
tan
c
e
in
th
e
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
o
f
R
elig
io
n
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
o
f
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tau
g
h
t
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
R
elig
io
n
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Sh
ar
i'
ah
.
I
t
th
r
iv
es
u
s
,
p
r
esu
m
ab
ly
th
e
im
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
wis
d
o
m
in
h
er
e
n
t
in
teac
h
in
g
Sh
ar
ia
-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es,
m
u
s
t
b
e
en
d
ed
b
y
r
ea
r
r
an
g
i
n
g
b
o
th
th
e
cu
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
a
n
d
s
y
llab
u
s
lev
els an
d
teac
h
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
b
asi
c
ca
p
ital
o
f
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
a
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
b
ased
o
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
an
d
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
i
p
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
R
elig
io
n
is
en
o
u
g
h
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
ew
s
tr
en
g
th
in
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
Sh
ar
i’
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
y
as
a
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
ized
ca
p
ital
is
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
ar
f
u
tu
r
e
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
R
elig
io
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
in
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
b
e
d
ela
y
ed
.
T
h
e
d
elay
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e,
n
o
t
a
f
ew
m
u
am
alah
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
wer
e
m
ar
k
eted
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
ad
h
er
e
d
to
f
iq
h
i
y
ah
teac
h
in
g
o
n
o
n
e
s
id
e
an
d
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
ter
in
g
an
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
m
u
am
alah
/I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es
wer
e
s
till
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
d
e
g
r
e
es
n
am
ely
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics o
r
(
SE.
I
)
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
o
th
s
cien
tific
s
cien
ce
s
in
R
elig
io
n
(
Sh
ar
i’
ah
)
as we
ll a
s
s
cien
ce
s
in
th
e
So
cial
Scien
ce
s
(
E
co
n
o
m
ics)
as st
ip
u
lated
in
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
R
elig
io
n
Af
f
air
s
No
.
3
6
/2
0
0
9
,
h
as
s
o
m
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
W
h
atev
er
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
it
cr
ea
tes,
it
is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
s
cien
tific
in
ter
ests
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
d
in
cl
u
d
in
g
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
th
at
en
ab
les
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
b
o
th
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
leg
al
ed
icts
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
b
a
n
k
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
b
an
k
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
was
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
an
d
in
ten
s
if
icatio
n
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es.
E
x
ten
s
if
icatio
n
is
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
atio
n
o
f
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ew
co
u
r
s
es
b
u
ilt
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
h
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
co
u
r
s
es.
T
h
u
s
,
will
b
e
b
o
r
n
n
ew
co
u
r
s
es
b
ased
o
n
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ics.
I
n
te
n
s
if
icati
o
n
im
p
lies
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
an
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
a
m
o
n
g
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Co
ntr
ibu
t
io
ns
t
o
hu
m
a
n r
es
o
urce
dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
th
is
f
ie
ld
is
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
n
ee
d
ed
esp
ec
ially
with
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Sh
a
r
ia
b
a
n
k
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
b
an
k
f
i
n
an
ce
.
T
h
e
C
o
lleg
e
h
as
c
o
n
d
u
cted
r
esear
ch
o
n
f
ig
u
r
es
wh
o
ar
e
alr
ea
d
y
p
o
p
u
lis
t
in
ce
r
tain
f
ield
s
s
u
ch
as
I
m
am
A
l
-
Gaz
ali
with
h
is
wo
r
k
I
h
y
a
Ulu
m
Al
-
d
in
[
3
2
]
,
b
u
t
h
is
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
th
in
k
in
g
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
e
x
p
o
s
ed
f
u
r
th
e
r
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
ex
ca
v
atio
n
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
Mu
s
lim
lead
er
s
is
a
n
ec
ess
ity
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
th
o
u
g
h
t.
Fo
r
ac
a
d
e
m
ics
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
with
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
t
h
ey
h
av
e
wr
itt
en
b
o
o
k
s
b
ased
o
n
Sh
a
r
iah
e
co
n
o
m
ics,
an
d
t
h
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
v
er
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Sh
ar
i
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
esp
ec
ially
in
f
il
lin
g
th
e
v
ac
an
cy
o
f
liter
atu
r
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
ala
n
ce
d
with
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
c
r
iticis
m
,
esp
ec
ially
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
ar
'
iy
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
s
im
p
ly
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
"c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
cien
tific
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
"
a
n
d
as
is
th
e
ca
s
e
with
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
S
h
ar
i'
ah
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
wr
iter
s
wh
o
ar
e
im
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
h
ar
ia
in
t
h
e
Sh
ar
i'
ah
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
Sy
ar
i'
a
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ics,
wh
ich
h
as
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
ad
h
er
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
lag
g
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
o
f
za
k
at
r
eso
lv
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
o
v
er
ty
,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
th
is
is
n
o
t
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
lo
wn
ess
o
f
th
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
za
k
at
in
in
n
o
v
atin
g
za
k
at
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
.
T
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
ics
ex
p
er
t
[
3
3
]
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
th
at
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
in
n
o
v
atio
n
f
o
r
I
s
lam
ic
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
is
s
till
a
class
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
ass
i
s
tan
ce
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
an
d
o
th
er
f
ield
s
,
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
s
ee
m
s
to
s
till
n
ee
d
a
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
m
a
k
e
it h
ap
p
en
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
h
an
g
es
in
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
n
am
ely
ch
an
g
es
in
s
o
cial
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
b
u
t
i
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
y
n
am
ics.
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
v
eh
icle
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
tr
id
h
ar
m
a.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
also
tak
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
cien
tific
asp
ec
ts
an
d
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ics in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
77
-
82
82
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Sh
ar
ia
a
n
d
L
aw
a
n
d
L
ib
r
ar
y
Ma
n
a
g
er
o
f
UI
N
Alau
d
d
in
Ma
k
ass
ar
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
tech
n
ical
ass
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
it
was
also
co
n
v
e
y
ed
t
o
co
llea
g
u
es
esp
ec
ially
Sh
ar
ia
E
co
n
o
m
ics
L
ec
tu
r
er
s
w
h
o
p
r
o
v
id
ed
m
e
an
in
g
f
u
l
in
p
u
t
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
ad
d
in
g
r
ef
er
en
c
e
m
ater
ial
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A.
W.
As
ti
n
,
“
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
fo
r
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
c
e
:
Th
e
p
h
il
o
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
o
f
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Ro
wm
a
n
&
L
it
tl
e
fi
e
l
d
Pu
b
li
sh
e
rs
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
H.
Hill
,
“
T
h
e
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
,
”
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
U
n
ive
rs
it
y
Pre
ss
,
2
0
0
0
.
[3
]
D.
E.
Ra
m
a
g
e
,
“
P
o
l
it
ics
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
De
m
o
c
ra
c
y
,
Isla
m
a
n
d
th
e
i
d
e
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
o
lera
n
c
e
,
”
Ro
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
2
0
0
2
.
[4
]
F
in
a
n
c
ial
F
e
r
v
ice
s Au
th
o
rit
y
[Oto
rit
a
s Ja
sa
Ke
u
a
n
g
a
n
],
“
Law
No
.
2
1
o
f
2
0
0
8
o
n
S
h
a
ria Ban
k
i
n
g
.
"
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
C.
C.
Ku
h
lt
h
a
u
,
“
Tea
c
h
in
g
t
h
e
li
b
ra
ry
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
c
e
ss
,
”
S
c
a
re
c
ro
w
Pre
ss
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
M
.
B.
M
il
e
s,
A
.
M
.
Hu
b
e
rm
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
S
a
l
d
a
ñ
a
,
“
Qu
a
li
tati
v
e
d
a
ta
a
n
a
ly
sis
-
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
stu
d
e
n
t
e
d
i
t
io
n
:
A
m
e
th
o
d
s
s
o
u
rc
e
b
o
o
k
,
”
S
AGE
Pu
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
ted
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
A.
Y.
Ali,
“
T
h
e
m
e
a
n
in
g
s
o
f
T
h
e
Ho
ly
Q
u
r’a
n
,
”
v
o
l.
9
0
,
2
0
0
3
.
[8
]
B.
Wi
tt
r
o
c
k
,
“
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
u
n
i
v
e
rsity
i
n
it
s
h
isto
rica
l
c
o
n
tex
ts:
Re
th
in
k
i
n
g
th
re
e
tran
sf
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
S
.
M
a
rg
in
so
n
,
“
T
h
e
wo
rl
d
wid
e
t
re
n
d
t
o
h
ig
h
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
D
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
s
o
c
ial
stra
ti
fica
ti
o
n
i
n
in
c
lu
siv
e
s
y
ste
m
s,
”
Hig
h
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
7
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
1
3
-
4
3
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
R.
Du
b
i
n
,
“
T
h
e
wo
rl
d
o
f
wo
r
k
:
I
n
d
u
strial
s
o
c
iety
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
re
lati
o
n
s
,
”
T
a
y
l
o
r &
Fra
n
c
is
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
P
.
F
.
Bu
rt
o
n
a
n
d
J.
H.
P
e
tri
e
,
“
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
:
A l
i
b
ra
rian
’s
g
u
i
d
e
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r US
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
T.
F
.
Bre
sn
a
h
a
n
,
E.
Br
y
n
j
o
lfsso
n
,
a
n
d
L.
M
.
Hitt
,
“
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
w
o
rk
p
lac
e
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
fo
r
sk
il
led
lab
o
r:
F
irm
-
lev
e
l
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
”
Q.
J
.
Eco
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
-
3
7
6
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
3
]
H.
Hill
a
n
d
T.
K.
Wi
e
,
“
In
d
o
n
e
s
ian
u
n
i
v
e
rsiti
e
s
in
tran
sit
io
n
:
C
a
t
c
h
in
g
u
p
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
u
p
,
”
B
u
ll
.
In
d
o
n
e
s.
Eco
n
.
S
tu
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
-
2
5
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
M
in
istr
y
o
f
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
“
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
a
c
c
re
d
it
a
ti
o
n
b
o
a
rd
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,”
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
M
.
F
a
h
m
i,
“
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
T
h
e
c
h
ro
n
icle
,
re
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
n
e
w
leg
a
l
e
n
ti
ty
u
n
iv
e
rsiti
e
s,
”
De
p
.
Eco
n
.
P
a
d
j
a
d
j
a
ra
n
Un
iv.
W
o
rk
.
Pa
p
.
Ec
o
n
.
De
v
.
S
tu
d
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
0
7
1
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
6
]
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Tri
sa
k
ti
,
“
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Tri
sa
k
ti
,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
:/
/t
risa
k
ti
.
a
c
.
id
/.
[1
7
]
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Airlan
g
g
a
,
“
Un
i
v
e
rsit
a
s Airl
a
n
g
g
a
,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w.u
n
a
ir.
a
c
.
id
/
.
[1
8
]
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hid
a
y
a
tu
l
lah
Ja
k
a
rta,
“
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hid
a
y
a
t
u
ll
a
h
Ja
k
a
rta,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:
/
/www
.
u
i
n
jk
t
.
a
c
.
id
/.
[1
9
]
UIN
S
u
n
a
n
Ka
li
ja
g
a
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
“
UIN
S
u
n
a
n
Ka
li
jag
a
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w.u
i
n
-
su
k
a
.
a
c
.
id
.
[2
0
]
UIN
Ala
u
d
d
i
n
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r,
“
UIN
Ala
u
d
d
in
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/www
.
u
in
-
a
lau
d
d
i
n
.
a
c
.
id
/
.
[2
1
]
In
stit
u
t
Taz
k
ia,
“
Taz
k
ia Islam
ic Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
l
leg
e
,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
taz
k
ia.ac
.
id
/i
d
/.
[2
2
]
S
e
k
o
lah
Ti
n
g
g
i
E
k
o
n
o
m
i
Isla
m
,
“
S
e
k
o
lah
Ti
n
g
g
i
Ek
o
n
o
m
i
Isla
m
S
EBI
(S
TE
I
S
EBI),
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
l
in
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
v
2
.
se
b
i.
a
c
.
i
d
/.
[2
3
]
Un
iv
e
rsitas
P
a
d
ja
d
jara
n
,
“
F
a
k
u
lt
a
s
E
k
o
n
o
m
i
d
a
n
Bisn
is,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w.u
n
p
a
d
.
a
c
.
i
d
/fak
u
lt
a
s/e
k
o
n
o
m
i/
.
[2
4
]
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Eco
n
o
m
ics
a
n
d
Bu
si
n
e
ss
,
“
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Bra
wijay
a
,
”
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
:/
/feb
.
u
b
.
a
c
.
id
/i
d
/.
[2
5
]
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Tad
u
la
k
o
,
“
G
ro
u
n
d
i
n
g
Isla
m
ic
e
c
o
n
o
m
ics
;
Ca
rry
in
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
Tri
Da
rm
a
t
ru
st
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
),
”
2
0
1
4
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
u
n
tad
.
a
c
.
i
d
/me
m
b
u
m
ik
a
n
-
e
k
o
n
o
m
i
-
islam
-
m
e
n
g
e
m
b
a
n
-
a
m
a
n
a
h
-
tri
-
d
a
rm
a
-
p
e
rg
u
ru
a
n
-
ti
n
g
g
i/
.
[2
6
]
A.
Ra
h
m
a
wa
ty
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
tri
g
g
e
rs
d
iffere
n
c
e
in
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
ffil
iate
d
c
u
sto
m
e
rs
b
e
twe
e
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
b
a
n
k
s
a
n
d
sh
a
ria
b
a
n
k
s
in
S
e
m
a
ra
n
g
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
),
”
2
0
0
8
.
[2
7
]
S
.
Da
rm
a
d
i,
“
C
o
rp
o
ra
te
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
d
isc
lo
s
u
re
in
t
h
e
a
n
n
u
a
l
re
p
o
rt:
A
n
e
x
p
l
o
ra
to
ry
stu
d
y
o
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
Isla
m
ic
b
a
n
k
s,
”
H
u
ma
n
o
mic
s
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
-
2
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
8
]
S
.
A.
B.
C
h
o
ir
u
z
z
a
d
a
n
d
B.
E.
N
u
g
r
o
h
o
,
“
In
d
o
n
e
sia
’s
Isla
m
ic
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
p
r
o
jec
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
Isla
m
ic
sc
h
o
lars
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
En
v
iro
n
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
p
p
.
9
5
7
-
9
6
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
9
]
M
.
S
.
Nu
rz
a
m
a
n
,
“
Zak
a
t
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t:
a
n
e
m
p
ir
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
n
p
o
v
e
rty
a
ll
e
v
iatio
n
i
n
Ja
k
a
rta,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
Ce
n
t.
Isl
a
m.
Ec
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n
a
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a
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d
.
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a
r F
o
u
n
d
.
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
0
]
M
in
istr
y
o
f
re
li
g
io
u
s
a
ffa
ris
o
f
th
e
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
“
Re
g
u
lati
o
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th
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m
in
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r
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In
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3
6
,
2
0
0
9
,
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he
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Re
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ia,
2
0
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.
[3
1
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M
in
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y
o
f
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u
c
a
ti
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,
“
M
in
ister
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a
ti
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d
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s
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No
.
0
4
5
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2
0
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n
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m
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ti
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n
,”
2
0
0
2
.
[3
2
]
Al
-
G
h
a
z
a
li
,
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Ih
y
a
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lu
m
Al
-
d
in
:
T
h
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v
iv
a
l
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f
t
h
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g
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s sc
ien
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s
,
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Isla
mic
Bo
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st
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
3
]
M
.
N.
S
id
d
iq
i,
“
S
h
a
riah
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
ics
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
re
ss
o
f
Isla
m
ic
fi
n
a
n
c
e
:
Th
e
r
o
le
o
f
S
h
a
riah
e
x
p
e
r
ts,
”
in
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
Pa
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
Pre
-
F
o
ru
m
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
S
e
lec
t
Et
h
ica
l
a
n
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
ic
a
l
Iss
u
e
s
in
S
h
a
ri’a
-
Co
m
p
li
a
n
t
Fi
n
a
n
c
e
.
,
Ca
m
b
ri
d
g
e
,
M
a
ss
a
c
h
u
se
tt
s,
USA,
2
0
0
6
.
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