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ttp
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//ij
ere.
ia
esco
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e.
co
m
Bus
iness
studen
ts
’
persp
ectives:
W
ha
t
ma
kes succes
s
ful
g
ro
up
performa
nce?
Rinn
y
Ra
ntung
,
Reg
g
y
Sa
rm
it
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De
p
a
rtme
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M
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Un
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v
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Kla
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a
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In
d
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sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
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RAC
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A
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ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
1
2
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
1
4
,
2
0
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0
Acc
ep
ted
Sep
1
8
,
2
0
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0
P
u
rp
o
se
o
f
th
is
stu
d
y
wa
s
to
id
e
n
ti
fy
fa
c
to
rs
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
in
g
to
t
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
fu
l
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
fro
m
th
e
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
o
f
b
u
sin
e
ss
stu
d
e
n
ts.
Th
e
i
n
-
d
e
p
t
h
in
terv
iew
wa
s
d
o
n
e
f
o
ll
o
we
d
b
y
a
su
rv
e
y
d
e
riv
e
d
fo
rt
y
-
fi
v
e
it
e
m
s
v
a
riab
les
,
a
fter
so
m
e
tes
ts
2
1
it
e
m
s
v
a
ria
b
les
re
m
o
v
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
l
o
w
it
e
m
re
m
a
in
d
e
r
c
o
e
fficie
n
t
re
su
lt
e
d
i
n
2
4
it
e
m
s
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ires
.
A
to
tal
o
f
3
5
5
r
e
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ted
d
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e
su
rv
e
y
.
Ex
p
l
o
ra
to
r
y
fa
c
to
r
a
n
a
ly
sis
wit
h
p
rin
c
ip
a
l
fa
c
to
r
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
wa
s
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
a
n
d
fiv
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
fa
c
to
rs
we
re
e
x
trac
ted
.
Th
o
se
fa
c
to
rs
a
re
c
o
h
e
siv
e
n
e
ss
,
in
ter
-
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
,
n
o
rm
s,
d
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
o
f
tea
m
lea
d
e
r.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
C
o
h
esiv
en
ess
Gr
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
T
ea
m
wo
r
k
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
eg
g
y
Sar
m
ita,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Ma
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Klab
at,
J
l.
Ar
n
o
ld
Mo
n
o
n
u
t
u
,
Air
m
ad
i
d
i 9
5
3
7
1
,
Min
a
h
asa
Utar
a,
Su
l
awe
s
i U
tar
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
m
ail: r
s
ar
m
ita@
u
n
k
lab
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
to
p
r
e
p
ar
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
to
h
av
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
an
d
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies
f
o
r
t
h
eir
f
u
tu
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
,
in
r
ea
c
h
in
g
t
h
at
o
b
jectiv
es
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
en
g
a
g
in
g
team
wo
r
k
class
ac
tiv
ities
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
in
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
ld
wo
r
k
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
wo
r
k
with
in
team
s
is
an
ess
en
tial
s
o
f
t
-
s
k
ills
wh
ich
is
s
t
ill
v
er
y
h
ig
h
in
d
em
a
n
d
n
o
wad
ay
s
[
2
]
.
C
o
r
p
o
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
p
e
n
d
in
g
a
b
ig
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
o
n
e
y
in
tr
ain
in
g
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
an
d
ex
p
ec
tin
g
th
o
s
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
h
av
e
th
e
team
w
o
r
k
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
an
ies
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
b
u
s
in
ess
o
u
tco
m
es,
b
u
t
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
t
g
a
in
in
g
th
e
r
etu
r
n
th
ey
ex
p
ec
te
d
[
3
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
Sh
o
la
,
et
a
l.
[
4
]
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
at
ev
er
y
em
p
lo
y
ee
r
wan
ts
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
to
b
e
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
wo
r
k
an
d
h
av
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
k
ill
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
.
Self
-
C
r
itical,
C
r
ea
tiv
ity
,
ab
ilit
y
to
g
en
er
ate
g
o
o
d
id
ea
s
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
ar
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
th
at
n
ee
d
e
d
b
y
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
b
u
t
lack
in
g
r
ad
u
ates n
o
wad
ay
s
[
5
]
.
T
ea
m
wo
r
k
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
teac
h
in
g
to
o
l
ar
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
r
elev
a
n
t
to
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
t
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
g
r
ad
u
ates to
b
e
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
wo
r
k
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
aid
,
th
at
team
wo
r
k
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
teac
h
in
g
to
o
l
to
en
h
an
ce
s
o
f
t
-
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
th
at
tak
e
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
b
en
ef
it
an
d
co
s
t
in
d
el
iv
er
in
g
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
em
p
lo
y
er
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Mc
Mu
r
r
ay
,
et
a
l.
[
2
]
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
e
r
ex
p
ec
t
th
at
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
b
u
ild
u
p
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as;
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ill,
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
k
ill,
tr
u
s
t
wo
r
th
in
ess
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
h
av
in
g
d
esire
to
lea
r
n
s
o
m
eth
in
g
n
ew.
B
esid
es,
Su
g
ito
,
et
a
l.
[
7]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
ce
,
co
u
r
ag
e,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
s
k
ills
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
w
o
r
k
an
d
ac
t
iv
ities
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
m
e
u
p
with
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
o
f
t
-
s
k
ills
,
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ig
h
t
b
e
a
b
le
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
b
y
team
wo
r
k
;
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
is
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
ers
p
ec
tive
s
:
Wh
a
t m
a
ke
s
s
u
cc
ess
fu
l g
r
o
u
p
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
?
(
R
i
n
n
y
R
a
n
tu
n
g
)
897
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
g
iv
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ea
ctio
n
in
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
itu
ati
o
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
in
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
wh
en
co
n
f
lict
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
,
wh
ic
h
h
as
a
b
ig
im
p
ac
t
in
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
wo
r
k
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
d
ea
ls
with
in
ter
n
al
co
n
f
lict
an
d
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ir
d
,
is
g
o
al
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t,
th
is
is
a
s
k
ill
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ig
h
t
n
o
t
r
ea
liz
e
th
ey
a
r
e
lear
n
i
n
g
wh
ile
d
o
in
g
team
w
o
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
,
b
u
t
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
a
b
u
s
in
ess
s
itu
atio
n
[8
-
1
0
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
s
en
s
e
o
f
g
o
al
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
m
ig
h
t
lead
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
in
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
tin
g
g
u
id
elin
es,
r
u
les
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
team
m
em
b
er
s
to
attain
s
et
g
o
als
[
9
]
.
Stu
d
ies
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
wo
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
d
e
v
elo
p
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
,
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
o
cial
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
s
k
ills
,
th
at
ar
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ef
er
to
s
tu
d
y
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
f
u
n
an
d
en
jo
y
a
b
le
[
1
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
co
u
ld
also
g
iv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
o
r
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
.
Desp
ite
all
t
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
m
ig
h
t
g
et
f
r
o
m
team
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ar
r
an
g
in
g
class
r
o
o
m
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
t
h
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
team
wo
r
k
is
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
as
well
as
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
ab
l
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
t
h
at
c
o
m
m
o
n
ly
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ettin
g
b
ef
o
r
e
ass
ig
n
in
g
th
em
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
[
1
6
]
.
Hen
ce
,
team
wo
r
k
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
well
p
lan
n
ed
an
d
d
esig
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
to
h
av
e
th
e
b
est
p
o
ten
tial o
u
tco
m
es n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Gr
o
u
p
lear
n
in
g
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
way
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
ein
g
d
eliv
er
ed
i
n
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
b
ec
au
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
lear
n
in
g
is
cr
itical
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
we
ll
b
ein
g
f
o
r
th
eir
f
u
tu
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
s
aid
,
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
g
r
o
u
p
lea
r
n
in
g
is
also
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
in
g
to
co
n
s
id
er
,
b
u
t
th
e
teac
h
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
n
in
g
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
th
em
to
h
av
e
r
ea
l
-
life
s
k
ills
.
L
ik
ewise,
C
u
r
ş
eu
an
d
Plu
u
t
[
1
8
]
ad
d
ed
th
at
teac
h
e
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
th
at
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
en
ter
th
e
c
h
an
g
in
g
wo
r
k
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
n
ew
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
o
r
m
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
h
av
e
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
r
[
1
9
]
.
E
v
en
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
f
o
r
t
lev
el,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
n
d
co
m
p
eten
ce
lev
el
ar
e
s
till
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
d
esig
n
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
,
lectu
r
er
s
m
u
s
t
also
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
a
n
d
co
n
s
id
er
o
th
e
r
d
etails
s
u
ch
as
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
co
h
esiv
en
ess
,
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icate
th
at
e
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
e
x
p
er
t
in
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
d
esig
n
in
g
team
b
ased
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
,
n
o
t
all
s
tu
d
en
t
s
ar
e
g
ain
in
g
th
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
th
o
s
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
[
6
,
2
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
th
e
b
e
n
ef
it
th
at
t
h
e
y
ar
e
e
x
p
er
ien
cin
g
f
r
o
m
team
wo
r
k
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
t
ea
ch
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
tea
ch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
h
a
v
e
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
less
b
en
ef
it
co
m
p
ar
e
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
th
e
team
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
o
cial
id
en
t
ity
th
e
o
r
y
b
y
Ash
f
o
r
th
an
d
Ma
el
[
2
2
]
,
ea
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
t
iv
e
o
f
b
el
o
n
g
in
g
n
ess
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
ten
d
to
s
h
ap
e
th
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
,
s
tu
d
e
n
t’
s
s
elf
-
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
th
eir
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
as
a
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
an
d
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
af
f
ec
te
d
th
eir
an
x
iety
an
d
av
o
id
an
ce
i
n
th
e
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
with
a
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
[
2
3
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Hwa
n
g
[
2
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
to
tal
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
t
ea
m
wo
r
k
q
u
ality
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
tea
m
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
th
e
b
alan
c
e
o
f
team
m
em
b
er
ex
p
er
tis
e
ar
e
t
h
e
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
th
e
team
wo
r
k
q
u
ality
an
d
team
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
Me
s
lec
an
d
C
u
r
ş
eu
[
2
5
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
g
r
o
u
p
b
alan
ce
n
e
g
ativ
ely
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
team
w
o
r
k
q
u
ality
an
d
ten
d
to
cr
ea
te
m
o
r
e
task
co
n
f
lict.
T
h
u
s
,
d
eter
io
r
a
te
th
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
with
in
g
r
o
u
p
th
at
lead
s
to
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
.
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
,
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
with
m
an
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
d
o
m
in
ate
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
ten
d
to
d
eter
i
o
r
ate
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
a
g
r
o
u
p
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
m
em
b
er
m
ay
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
co
n
f
l
ict
b
etter
th
a
n
ju
s
t
a
n
ac
q
u
ai
n
tan
ce
s
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
team
co
h
esiv
en
ess
,
m
u
tu
al
tr
u
s
t
an
d
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
ar
e
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
in
b
u
ild
in
g
team
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
7
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
tea
m
co
h
esiv
en
ess
d
o
es
n
o
t
au
to
m
atica
lly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
2
8
]
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
team
wo
r
k
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
h
o
w
to
d
esig
n
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
o
f
f
er
e
d
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Ho
eg
l
an
d
Gem
u
en
d
en
[
2
9
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
s
o
m
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
team
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
id
en
tify
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
.
Par
ticu
lar
ly
to
an
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
1
)
W
h
at
f
a
cto
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
?
2)
W
h
ich
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
v
a
r
ia
n
ce
?
Ho
p
ef
u
lly
,
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
g
iv
e
a
v
alu
ab
le
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
to
team
wo
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
s
a
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
to
o
l
,
to
en
h
an
ce
b
etter
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
r
m
ig
h
t b
e
in
o
th
er
s
ch
o
o
ls
as we
ll
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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&
R
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.
E
d
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Vo
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9
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4
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2
0
2
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9
0
2
898
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
e
wh
en
g
ath
er
in
g
d
ata
f
o
r
p
ilo
t
test
in
g
.
Six
teen
th
s
t
u
d
en
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
en
te
d
to
p
ar
ti
cip
ate
in
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iew,
an
d
i
n
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
th
o
s
e
1
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
an
d
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
ed
in
g
ath
e
r
in
g
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
n
th
eir
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
ab
o
u
t
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
th
at
wer
e
in
ter
v
iewe
d
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
ath
er
ed
.
T
h
e
r
e
was
n
o
o
th
er
n
ew
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
f
if
teen
th
an
d
s
ix
teen
th
p
er
s
o
n
.
4
5
item
s
ar
e
g
ath
e
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
in
ter
v
iewe
d
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
o
t
h
er
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies.
Af
ter
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
th
e
4
5
item
s
th
en
co
n
tin
u
e
with
th
e
test
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
item
s
to
6
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
esu
lted
2
4
item
s
.
2
1
item
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
d
u
e
to
lo
w
q
u
ality
o
f
item
-
r
em
ain
d
er
co
ef
f
icien
t
less
0
.
6
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
v
alid
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
with
2
4
item
s
was
th
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
u
s
in
g
g
o
o
g
le
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
U
n
v
er
s
itas
Klab
at.
B
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Klab
at
ar
e
co
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
t
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
is
a
m
u
lticu
ltu
r
al
n
atio
n
,
m
ea
n
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Un
iv
e
r
is
tas
Klab
at
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
cu
ltu
r
es
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Pu
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
ed
in
s
elec
tin
g
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
r
iter
ia
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
th
at
t
h
ey
a
r
e
tak
in
g
i
n
th
at
s
em
ester
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
o
r
e
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
ac
t
iv
ities
.
T
h
o
s
e
s
u
b
jects
a
r
e
s
tr
a
teg
ic
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
p
lan
n
in
g
,
f
in
an
cial
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
p
o
licy
,
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
s
u
b
ject.
T
h
o
s
e
s
u
b
jects
wer
e
tak
en
b
y
3
r
d
d
an
4
t
h
y
ea
r
s
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
3
6
1
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
Un
i
v
er
s
itas
Klab
a
t
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
all
p
ar
ticip
an
t
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
.
Six
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata
a
n
d
3
5
5
d
ata
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
an
aly
s
is
.
T
o
an
s
wer
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
we
e
x
am
in
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
Kaiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
in
(
K
MO
)
test
o
f
s
am
p
lin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
wh
ic
h
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
v
alu
e
>
0
.
5
as a
cc
ep
tab
le
v
alu
e,
an
d
B
ar
tlett’s te
s
t o
f
s
p
h
er
icity
with
p
<
0
.
0
5
to
ch
ec
k
wh
et
h
er
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
[
3
1
]
.
Ne
x
t
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
t
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
,
in
a
n
s
wer
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
;
we
u
s
e
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
v
ar
i
an
ce
m
eth
o
d
wh
er
e
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
f
ac
to
r
to
th
e
to
tal
v
a
r
ian
ce
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
f
“
wh
at
f
ac
to
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
?
”
a
n
d
“
wh
ich
f
a
cto
r
s
ar
e
ac
c
o
u
n
ts
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
v
ar
ian
ce
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
?
”
An
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
i
s
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
KM
O
is
.
9
1
4
wh
ich
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
5
an
d
B
ar
tlett’s
te
s
t
o
f
s
p
h
er
icity
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
m
ea
n
s
th
e
d
ataset
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
o
in
ter
p
r
et
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
,
f
ir
s
t,
we
lo
o
k
o
n
ly
at
th
e
f
ac
to
r
th
at
is
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
e
tatio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
o
tated
eig
e
n
v
alu
es
an
d
s
cr
ee
-
p
l
o
t.
R
o
tated
eig
en
v
alu
e
a
n
d
s
cr
ee
-
p
l
o
t
h
elp
u
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
to
r
etain
.
Nex
t,
w
e
ch
ec
k
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
c
o
m
m
u
n
alities
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
C
o
r
n
b
ac
h
'
s
Alp
h
a.
T
h
e
n
,
we
c
o
n
tin
u
e
with
th
e
v
a
r
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
to
th
e
s
m
all
co
ef
f
icien
t,
to
s
ee
wh
eth
er
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
in
ea
c
h
f
ac
to
r
is
d
esira
b
le
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
e
tatio
n
an
d
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
in
n
am
i
n
g
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
.
T
o
g
iv
e
n
am
e
s
to
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
we
lo
o
k
at
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
with
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ar
e
t
h
e
b
est
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Fo
r
u
n
iq
u
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
in
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
,
we
s
ee
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
v
a
r
ian
ce
af
te
r
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
th
at
tells
h
o
w
m
u
ch
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
to
tal
v
ar
ian
c
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
in
T
ab
le
1
th
e
to
tal
in
iti
al
eig
en
v
alu
es,
T
o
tal
E
x
tr
ac
ted
s
u
m
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
d
lo
ad
in
g
,
an
d
R
o
tatio
n
s
u
m
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
d
s
h
o
ws
th
at
5
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
eig
en
v
al
u
es
>
1
,
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e
ar
e
5
f
ac
to
r
s
to
r
etain
.
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
-
p
lo
t
test
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
also
g
iv
es
th
e
s
am
e
in
d
icatio
n
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
f
ac
to
r
th
at
is
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
t
o
r
etain
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata
p
o
in
ts
th
a
t
ar
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
b
r
ea
k
.
T
h
e
b
r
e
ak
is
th
e
d
r
awin
g
o
f
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
v
er
tical
lin
e
to
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
lin
e
in
a
c
u
r
v
e.
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
test
s
h
o
ws th
e
b
r
ea
k
p
o
in
ts
at
th
e
f
if
th
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
ac
to
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
o
tal
v
ar
ian
ce
e
x
p
lai
n
ed
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
To
t
a
l
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
e
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
Ex
t
r
a
c
t
e
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s
u
m
o
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u
a
r
e
l
o
a
d
i
n
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R
o
t
a
t
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o
n
su
m
o
f
sq
u
a
r
e
d
1
9
.
2
6
2
9
.
2
6
2
4
.
6
6
3
2
2
.
0
3
2
2
.
0
3
2
3
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5
3
4
3
1
.
7
1
1
1
.
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1
1
3
.
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1
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2
.
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6
5
5
1
.
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2
1
1
.
0
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1
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.
5
4
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
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.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
ers
p
ec
tive
s
:
Wh
a
t m
a
ke
s
s
u
cc
ess
fu
l g
r
o
u
p
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
?
(
R
i
n
n
y
R
a
n
tu
n
g
)
899
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Scr
ee
-
p
lo
t te
s
t
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
E
ig
en
v
alu
es
a
n
d
s
cr
ee
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et
o
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f
iv
e
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u
m
b
er
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o
f
f
ac
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ar
e
r
etain
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Ho
wev
e
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,
we
n
ee
d
to
ch
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k
t
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ex
tr
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ted
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o
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Fro
m
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ac
ted
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e
f
ac
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r
h
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v
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e
o
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o
r
n
b
ac
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s
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p
h
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m
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r
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f
in
ter
n
al
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n
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ten
cy
less
th
an
0
.
7
,
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
f
ac
to
r
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
in
t
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al
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n
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cy
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e
well
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e
f
in
e
d
as
s
h
o
wn
b
y
r
eliab
ilit
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s
co
r
e
o
f
C
r
o
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b
ac
h
’
s
Alp
h
a
th
at
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
0
.
7
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ar
e
n
am
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
v
a
r
ia
b
le
with
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
th
at
ar
e
b
est
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ea
ch
f
ac
t
o
r
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
is
b
est
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
Facto
r
ex
tr
ac
ted
af
ter
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
am
es
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws;
1
)
C
o
h
esiv
en
ess
,
2
)
I
n
ter
-
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
3
)
No
r
m
s
an
d
E
th
ics,
4
)
Div
er
s
ity
,
5
)
T
ea
m
L
ea
d
e
r
.
T
ab
le
2.
Facto
r
e
x
tr
ac
ted
:
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
F
a
c
t
o
r
N
a
me
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
C
o
r
n
b
a
c
h
A
l
p
h
a
F
a
c
t
o
r
1
C
o
h
e
s
i
v
e
n
e
ss
.
8
9
1
F
a
c
t
o
r
2
I
n
t
e
r
-
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
.
8
4
6
F
a
c
t
o
r
3
N
o
r
ms
.
8
4
1
F
a
c
t
o
r
4
D
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
7
5
8
F
a
c
t
o
r
5
A
p
p
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n
t
e
d
T
e
a
m
Le
a
d
e
r
.
3
9
9
T
h
e
l
o
ad
i
n
g
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
A
ll
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
y
th
e
s
ize
o
f
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
b
est
f
it
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
.
An
y
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
th
at
h
as
v
alu
e
b
elo
w
0
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4
ar
e
r
em
o
v
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s
u
g
g
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ted
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Field
[
3
1
]
th
at
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
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ad
in
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ab
o
v
e
0
.
4
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
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3
,
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X9
g
r
o
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p
m
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er
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ar
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ac
tiv
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in
th
e
o
p
en
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is
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s
s
io
n
h
as
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
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=
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5
7
,
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d
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2
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th
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ig
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est
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o
r
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ac
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1
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h
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in
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th
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d
f
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ar
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th
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g
r
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th
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n
a
d
d
itio
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ig
h
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ler
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n
t,
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s
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ar
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s
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r
esp
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d
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tr
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m
o
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o
f
g
r
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p
m
em
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ar
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in
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icatio
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s
o
f
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h
at
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g
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p
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f
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th
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g
s
u
cc
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l
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o
r
m
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ce
.
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r
th
e
v
a
r
iab
l
es
th
at
b
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r
esen
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f
ac
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ar
e
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an
d
X6
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h
e
r
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s
h
ip
am
o
n
g
g
r
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p
(
X1
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h
as
f
ac
to
r
lo
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in
g
(
r
=
.
8
1
5
)
,
an
d
(
X2
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th
e
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
an
d
lead
e
r
h
as
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
(
r
=
.
8
5
6
)
.
Fro
m
th
o
s
e
v
ar
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les
th
at
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e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
,
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
in
ter
-
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
h
as a
ls
o
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
in
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Go
o
d
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
X1
9
h
as
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
(
r
=
.
7
8
6
)
an
d
X2
0
s
elf
-
co
n
tr
o
l
h
as
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ig
h
est
f
ac
to
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lao
d
in
g
(
r
=
.
7
4
8
)
th
at
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
3
.
Self
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
s
elf
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
ty
p
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b
eh
av
io
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
t
h
at
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ee
d
e
d
b
y
a
g
r
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p
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o
r
d
e
r
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v
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d
p
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f
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r
m
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ce
,
t
h
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m
ak
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“No
r
m
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”
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th
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est
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am
e
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at
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p
r
esen
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f
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Fo
r
th
e
f
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r
th
f
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e
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ig
h
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f
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3
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if
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ltu
r
e
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r
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.
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if
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g
g
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p
m
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ar
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ac
co
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n
t
f
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r
th
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h
ig
h
est lo
ad
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,
th
at
m
ea
n
s
d
iv
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ity
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id
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s
o
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e
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th
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th
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l
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p
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lead
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Un
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Facto
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x
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F
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ex
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3
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p
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ce
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ig
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V
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1
4
.
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3
1
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1
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0
6
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4
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9
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4
3
3
4
.
1
5
4
8
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2
8
5
6
.
8
8
6
3
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3
2
Acc
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d
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o
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th
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lt
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f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
u
cc
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f
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m
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ce
b
ased
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t
h
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p
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tiv
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o
f
b
u
s
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ess
s
tu
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ar
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th
e
g
r
o
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p
th
at
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C
o
h
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th
e
f
ac
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r
th
at
co
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tr
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te
th
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m
o
s
t
v
ar
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in
t
th
e
s
u
cc
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f
u
l
g
r
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u
p
p
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f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
n
,
et
a
l.
[
3
3
]
,
t
h
at
f
o
u
n
d
c
o
h
esiv
e
team
lead
s
to
b
etter
g
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p
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ce
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Similar
ly
,
a
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wh
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tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
g
r
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u
p
p
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f
o
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m
an
ce
[
3
4
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
g
r
o
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h
esiv
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s
h
elp
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in
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s
u
cc
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f
u
l
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r
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p
p
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f
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m
an
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[
2
6
]
.
I
n
ad
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itio
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,
m
o
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co
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s
iv
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th
e
g
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iev
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as a
g
r
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th
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f
ec
tiv
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th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
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t
h
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in
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-
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
am
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g
r
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p
m
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g
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p
lead
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r
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Dac
h
n
er
an
d
Po
lin
[
3
6
]
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
at
s
tated
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
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ar
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i
n
ter
-
d
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p
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ce
an
d
v
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lu
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-
r
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ip
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ev
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co
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n
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an
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wh
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m
o
tiv
ate
th
e
m
to
b
e
ac
tiv
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in
v
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l
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
R
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.
I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
ers
p
ec
tive
s
:
Wh
a
t m
a
ke
s
s
u
cc
ess
fu
l g
r
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p
p
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ma
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?
(
R
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y
R
a
n
tu
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g
)
901
in
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
r
o
u
p
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Similar
ly
,
a
s
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y
m
e
n
tio
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ed
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at
ass
ig
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in
g
g
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p
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ased
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s
tu
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tr
en
g
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f
f
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ted
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
[
3
7
]
.
No
r
m
is
an
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
co
n
tr
ib
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u
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p
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m
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ce
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t
h
e
p
e
r
s
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tiv
e
o
f
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u
s
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ess
s
tu
d
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ts
.
I
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
lectu
r
e
r
n
ee
d
to
ad
v
o
ca
te
team
n
o
r
m
s
as
a
co
n
tr
ac
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
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ts
in
a
g
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o
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to
in
cr
ea
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
No
r
m
s
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
b
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lis
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in
g
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s
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m
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elp
g
r
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p
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llab
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ate
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tr
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ctio
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to
im
p
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h
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team
wo
r
k
s
k
ills
th
at
ev
en
tu
all
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
8
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
f
ac
to
r
th
at
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
a
s
tu
d
y
Daly
,
et
a
l.
[
3
8
]
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
t
r
ea
lizes
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
cu
ltu
r
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
e
n
h
a
n
ce
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
wo
r
k
in
g
with
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
eir
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
in
g
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o
u
p
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
C
u
r
ş
eu
an
d
Plu
u
t
[
1
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
d
iv
er
s
ity
in
e
x
p
er
tis
e
ca
n
lea
d
to
a
g
o
o
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
b
etter
co
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
b
etwe
en
m
em
b
er
s
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
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t
task
s
th
at
co
n
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ib
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te
to
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Sy
a
h
r
ial
,
et
a
l.
[
3
9
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
team
wo
r
k
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
teac
h
er
s
o
r
le
ctu
r
er
m
u
s
t
also
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
e
tter
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
last
f
ac
to
r
is
ap
p
o
in
ted
team
lea
d
er
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
o
wev
er
is
co
n
tr
ad
ict
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Ma
r
k
[
4
0
]
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
in
s
elec
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
lead
er
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
eir
o
wn
lead
er
r
ath
er
th
at
ap
p
o
in
te
d
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
g
r
o
u
p
lead
er
ap
p
o
in
ted
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
h
as
h
ig
h
er
f
ac
t
o
r
lo
ad
in
g
in
b
u
il
d
in
g
th
e
last
f
ac
to
r
.
Sin
ce
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
USA
th
er
e
m
ig
h
t b
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
an
I
n
d
o
n
esian
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
t r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
o
in
tin
g
o
f
team
lead
er
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Su
cc
esfu
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
a
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
h
esiv
en
ess
,
in
ter
-
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
n
o
r
m
,
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
an
d
ap
p
o
in
ted
team
lea
d
er
,
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
.
E
ac
h
f
ac
to
r
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
s
o
m
e
item
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
wit
h
ea
ch
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
n
C
o
h
esiv
en
ess
,
th
e
item
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
t
h
is
f
a
cto
r
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
a
ctiv
e
in
o
p
en
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
f
r
ee
to
s
h
ar
e
id
ea
s
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
to
ler
an
t
;
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
h
as
a
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
h
a
v
e
s
tr
o
n
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
lea
d
er
is
th
e
item
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
h
ig
h
ly
c
o
r
r
elate
with
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ac
t
o
r
wh
ic
h
is
in
ter
-
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Self
-
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
s
elf
-
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
ac
co
u
n
t
i
n
th
e
th
ir
d
f
ac
t
o
r
wh
ic
h
is
n
am
e
d
N
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
f
ac
to
r
th
at
g
i
v
es
a
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
cu
ltu
r
es
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
e
r
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
last
f
ac
to
r
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
e
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
it
h
as
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
two
item
s
v
ar
iab
le
is
t
h
e
a
p
p
o
in
ted
team
lead
er
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Klab
at,
th
ey
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
th
e
team
lead
er
ap
p
o
in
ted
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
o
r
m
en
to
r
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
T
h
e
team
lea
d
er
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
lim
ited
to
3
r
d
an
d
4
t
h
y
ea
r
s
o
f
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
b
u
s
in
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
U
n
iv
er
s
itas
Klab
at,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
led
f
iv
e
f
a
cto
r
s
wh
ich
ar
e;
co
h
esiv
en
ess
,
i
n
ter
-
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
n
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
d
i
v
er
s
ity
,
an
d
ap
p
o
in
ted
team
lea
d
er
th
at
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
o
th
e
r
m
ajo
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
A
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ig
h
t a
ls
o
c
a
r
r
y
o
u
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
B.
Ch
a
n
n
o
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
W
h
a
t
m
a
k
e
s a
‘g
o
o
d
g
ro
u
p
’?
Ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s,”
Ad
v
.
He
a
lt
h
S
c
i.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
–
4
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
S
.
M
c
M
u
rra
y
,
M
.
Du
tt
o
n
,
R.
M
c
Qu
a
id
,
a
n
d
A.
Ri
c
h
a
rd
,
“
Emp
l
o
y
e
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
fro
m
b
u
si
n
e
ss
g
r
a
d
u
a
tes
,
”
Ed
u
c
.
T
ra
in
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
–
1
3
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
M
.
Be
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
W
h
y
Lea
d
e
rsh
ip
Train
in
g
F
a
il
s
—
a
n
d
W
h
a
t
t
o
Do
Ab
o
u
t
It,
”
Ha
rv
.
Bu
s.
Rev
.
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
B.
S
h
o
la.
F
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
Th
e
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ica
l
sk
il
ls
n
e
e
d
e
d
b
y
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
o
f
tec
h
n
ica
l
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
in
m
e
talwo
rk
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Eva
l.
Res
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
5
4
-
6
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
N.
Qo
m
a
riy
a
h
,
T.
S
a
v
it
ri,
T.
Ha
d
i
a
n
to
,
a
n
d
M
.
Clara
m
it
a
,
“
F
o
rm
u
l
a
ti
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
a
b
il
it
y
sk
il
ls
fo
r
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
h
e
a
lt
h
stu
d
y
p
r
o
g
ra
m
,”
In
t
.
J
.
Ev
a
l.
Res
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
-
3
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
L.
Rieb
e
,
A
.
G
irard
i,
a
n
d
C.
Wh
i
t
se
d
,
“
A
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
tea
m
wo
rk
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
i
n
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
S
ma
ll
Gr
o
u
p
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
1
9
–
6
6
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
S
.
S
u
g
it
o
,
S
.
M
.
E.
S
u
si
lo
wa
ti
,
H
.
Ha
rto
n
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
p
a
rto
n
o
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
stu
d
e
n
ts’
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sk
il
ls
th
ro
u
g
h
p
ro
b
lem
p
o
si
n
g
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Eva
l.
Res
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
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l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
D.
Ba
y
a
n
d
P
.
P
a
c
h
a
rn
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
g
ro
u
p
e
x
a
m
s
in
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
i
n
term
e
d
iate
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
c
las
s,”
Acc
o
u
n
t.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
6
–
3
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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[9
]
R.
Bra
v
o
,
L
.
Lu
c
ia
-
P
a
lac
io
s,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
M
a
rti
n
,
“
P
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
o
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t
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o
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stu
d
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tea
m
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rk
.
An
e
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p
iri
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d
y
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a
m
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su
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jec
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”
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.
Hig
h
.
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.
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.
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.
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[1
0
]
M
.
C.
A
b
a
s
a
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d
O.
A.
Im
a
m
,
“
Gra
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a
tes
’
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o
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m
p
l
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y
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n
d
jo
b
p
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rm
a
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e
,
”
In
t.
J
.
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l
.
Res
.
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.
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.
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.
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0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
D.
F
u
n
g
a
n
d
C.
Ho
we
,
“
G
ro
u
p
wo
rk
a
n
d
th
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
o
f
c
rit
ica
l
th
in
k
i
n
g
i
n
th
e
Ho
n
g
K
o
n
g
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
li
b
e
ra
l
stu
d
ies
c
u
rric
u
lu
m
,
”
C
a
mb
.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
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l.
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.
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0
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.
[1
2
]
R.
M
.
G
ra
n
t
a
n
d
C.
Ba
d
e
n
-
F
u
l
ler,
“
Ho
w
to
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
stra
teg
ic
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
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t
c
o
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p
e
ten
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y
:
re
c
o
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si
d
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ri
n
g
th
e
lea
rn
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g
g
o
a
ls
a
n
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k
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wle
d
g
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re
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irem
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
re
stra
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y
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o
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rse
,
”
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d
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
L
e
a
rn
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
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7
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.
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.
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.
[1
3
]
S
.
Ka
p
it
a
n
o
ff
a
n
d
C.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
“
C
o
lab
o
ra
ti
v
e
tes
ti
n
g
in
sta
ti
stics
:
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
tera
c
ti
o
n
,
a
n
x
iety
,
a
n
d
c
las
s
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
S
ta
ti
st
ics
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
–
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
S
.
Lav
y
,
“
Wh
o
b
e
n
e
fi
ts
fro
m
g
r
o
u
p
wo
rk
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
?
An
a
tt
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
th
e
o
r
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
Hig
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
7
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
–
1
8
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
B.
A.
Rit
ter,
E.
E
.
S
m
a
ll
,
J.
W
.
M
o
rti
m
e
r,
a
n
d
J.
L.
D
o
ll
,
“
De
sig
n
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
u
rric
u
lu
m
fo
r
wo
rk
p
lac
e
re
a
d
in
e
ss
:
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
s
o
ft
sk
i
ll
s
,
”
J
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
0
–
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
D.
S
o
e
tan
to
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
c
Do
n
a
ld
,
“
G
ro
u
p
wo
rk
a
n
d
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
o
b
sta
c
les
o
v
e
r
ti
m
e
:
Th
e
in
flu
e
n
c
e
o
f
lea
rn
in
g
sty
le an
d
g
r
o
u
p
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
,
”
Act
.
L
e
a
rn
.
Hig
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
9
–
1
1
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Tl
h
o
a
e
le,
C.
S
u
h
re
,
a
n
d
A.
Ho
fm
a
n
,
“
Us
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
,
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
,
g
ro
u
p
-
p
ro
j
e
c
t
lea
rn
in
g
fo
r
stu
d
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
o
n
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
Eu
r.
J
.
E
n
g
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
3
–
2
7
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
P
.
L.
Cu
rşe
u
a
n
d
H.
P
l
u
u
t
,
“
S
tu
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
s
lea
rn
in
g
e
n
t
it
ies
:
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
d
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
t
e
a
m
wo
r
k
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
n
g
ro
u
p
s’ c
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
c
o
m
p
lex
i
ty
,
”
S
tu
d
.
Hi
g
h
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
7
–
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
C.
Wr
i
g
ley
a
n
d
K
.
S
tra
k
e
r,
“
De
sig
n
Th
i
n
k
i
n
g
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
:
t
h
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
De
sig
n
La
d
d
e
r,
”
I
n
n
o
v
.
E
d
u
c
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
In
t
.
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
7
4
–
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
0
]
A.
Tri
p
a
th
i,
U.
K.
Ba
m
e
l,
H.
P
a
u
l,
D.
G
o
rd
o
n
,
a
n
d
N.
Ba
m
e
l,
“
An
tec
e
d
e
n
ts
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
ti
t
iv
e
g
r
o
u
p
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
in
ten
ti
o
n
in
b
u
si
n
e
ss
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tex
t,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
Or
g
a
n
.
A
n
a
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
8
–
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
J.
Co
h
e
n
a
n
d
C.
Ro
b
in
so
n
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
c
e
t
h
ro
u
g
h
tea
m
-
b
a
se
d
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
I
n
n
o
v
.
E
d
u
c
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
In
t
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
–
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
B.
E.
As
h
f
o
rth
a
n
d
F
.
M
a
e
l,
“
S
o
c
ial
id
e
n
ti
t
y
t
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
Aca
d
.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
20
-
39
,
1
9
8
9
.
[2
3
]
S
.
Lav
y
,
“
Wh
o
b
e
n
e
fi
ts
fro
m
g
r
o
u
p
wo
rk
in
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
?
An
a
tt
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
th
e
o
r
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
Hig
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
7
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
–
1
8
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
4
]
M
.
I.
Hw
a
n
g
,
“
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
tea
m
wo
rk
a
n
d
tea
m
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
:
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
s
fro
m
a
n
ERP
si
m
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
-
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
N.
M
e
sle
c
a
n
d
P
.
L.
Cu
rşe
u
,
“
Ar
e
b
a
lan
c
e
d
g
ro
u
p
s
b
e
tt
e
r?
Be
lb
in
ro
les
in
c
o
l
lab
o
ra
ti
v
e
lea
rn
in
g
g
ro
u
p
s,”
L
e
a
rn
.
In
d
ivi
d
.
Diff
e
r
.
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
p
p
.
8
1
–
8
8
,
Ap
r
.
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
S
.
Ch
u
n
g
,
R.
B
.
L
o
u
n
t,
H.
M
.
P
a
rk
,
a
n
d
E
.
S
.
P
a
r
k
,
“
F
rie
n
d
s
wi
t
h
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
e
n
e
fit
s
:
A
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
n
t
h
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
b
e
twe
e
n
frien
d
s
h
ip
a
n
d
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
Per
s.
S
o
c
.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
Bu
l
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
–
7
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
M
.
Wu
a
n
d
Y.
-
H.
Ch
e
n
,
“
A
fa
c
to
r
An
a
ly
sis
o
n
Tea
m
wo
rk
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
-
a
n
Emp
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
f
In
ter
-
in
stit
u
ted
Co
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
Eu
r
a
sia
n
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
Res
.
,
n
o
.
5
5
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
5
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
8
]
R.
Bra
v
o
,
S
.
Ca
talá
n
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
P
in
a
,
“
An
a
ly
si
n
g
tea
m
wo
rk
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
a
n
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
stu
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
a
n
tec
e
d
e
n
ts an
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s o
f
tea
m
c
o
h
e
siv
e
n
e
ss
,
”
S
tu
d
.
Hi
g
h
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
3
–
1
1
6
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
M
.
Ho
e
g
l
a
n
d
H.
G
.
G
e
m
u
e
n
d
e
n
,
“
Tea
m
wo
rk
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
o
f
in
n
o
v
a
t
iv
e
p
r
o
jec
ts
:
A
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
a
n
d
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
”
Or
g
a
n
.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
3
5
–
4
4
9
,
2
0
0
1
.
[3
0
]
R.
A.
As
ú
n
,
K
.
Rd
z
-
Na
v
a
rro
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
Al
v
a
ra
d
o
,
“
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
m
u
lt
id
ime
n
si
o
n
a
l
li
k
e
rt
sc
a
les
u
sin
g
it
e
m
fa
c
to
r
a
n
a
ly
sis
:
Th
e
c
a
se
o
f
f
o
u
r
-
p
o
in
t
it
e
m
s
,
”
S
o
c
io
l.
M
e
th
o
d
s
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
–
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
A.
F
ield
,
Disc
o
v
e
rin
g
st
a
ti
stics
u
s
in
g
S
P
S
S
,
2
n
d
e
d
,
L
o
n
d
o
n
:
S
a
g
e
,
2
0
0
5
.
[3
2
]
A.
G
.
Yo
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
P
e
a
rc
e
,
“
A
b
e
g
in
n
e
r’s
g
u
id
e
t
o
fa
c
to
r
a
n
a
ly
sis:
fo
c
u
sin
g
o
n
e
x
p
l
o
ra
to
r
y
fa
c
to
r
a
n
a
ly
sis
,
”
T
u
t
o
r.
Qu
a
n
t
.
M
e
th
o
d
s P
sy
c
h
o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
9
–
9
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
3
]
B.
M
.
Th
o
m
p
so
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Tea
m
c
o
h
e
siv
e
n
e
ss
,
tea
m
siz
e
a
n
d
tea
m
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
tea
m
-
b
a
se
d
lea
rn
in
g
tea
m
s,”
M
e
d
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
–
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
4
]
K.
J.
C
h
a
p
m
a
n
,
M
.
L.
M
e
u
ter,
D.
To
y
,
a
n
d
L.
K.
Wr
ig
h
t,
“
Are
st
u
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
d
y
sf
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
?
:
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
fro
m
b
o
t
h
sid
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
las
sro
o
m
,
”
J
.
M
a
rk
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
–
4
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
5
]
J.
Cu
m
m
in
g
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
v
a
l
id
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
wo
rk
s
k
il
ls
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ire
(G
S
Q)
fo
r
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Asse
ss
.
Eva
l.
Hi
g
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
9
8
8
–
1
0
0
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
6
]
A.
M
.
Da
c
h
n
e
r
a
n
d
B.
P
o
li
n
,
“
A
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
e
d
u
c
a
t
in
g
th
e
e
m
e
rg
in
g
a
d
u
lt
lea
rn
e
r
i
n
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
u
rse
s
,
”
J
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
–
1
5
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
7
]
S
.
H.
(M
a
r
k
)
Lee
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
W
h
a
t
d
o
stu
d
e
n
ts
th
i
n
k
a
b
o
u
t
g
ro
u
p
wo
r
k
in
b
u
si
n
e
ss
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
?
An
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
fit
s,
c
h
a
l
le
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
stu
d
e
n
t
-
su
g
g
e
ste
d
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s,”
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
Bu
s
.
,
v
o
l.
9
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
8
0
–
3
8
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
8
]
A.
Da
ly
,
S
.
Ho
y
,
M
.
H
u
g
h
e
s,
J.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
A.
S
.
M
a
k
,
“
Us
in
g
g
ro
u
p
wo
r
k
to
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
terc
u
lt
u
ra
l
sk
il
ls
in
th
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
c
u
rr
icu
lu
m
in
A
u
stra
li
a
,
”
Acc
o
u
n
t.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
–
4
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
9
]
S
.
S
y
a
h
r
ial
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
e
tn
o
c
o
n
tru
c
ti
v
ism
in
so
c
ial
a
ffa
irs
o
n
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ic
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Eva
l.
Res
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
9
-
4
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
0
]
M
.
B.
M
a
rk
s a
n
d
A.
H.
O’Co
n
n
o
r
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
a
tt
i
tu
d
e
s a
b
o
u
t
g
r
o
u
p
wo
rk
:
Wh
a
t
d
o
e
s t
h
is su
g
g
e
st f
o
r
in
stru
c
t
o
rs o
f
b
u
si
n
e
ss
?
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Bu
s
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
–
1
5
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
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