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k
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
t
h
at
r
el
at
ed
t
o
r
o
ad
t
r
af
f
i
c acc
i
d
en
t
acco
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
ei
r
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c
co
n
s
i
s
t
ed
ag
e,
s
ex
,
g
r
ad
e o
f
t
er
m
,
r
i
d
i
n
g
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
,
a
n
d f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
of
m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
e
dr
i
v
i
n
g
[8
].
T
hi
s
s
ur
ve
y
w
a
s
c
o
nd
uc
t
e
d
i
n
K
ho
n K
a
e
n U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
,
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
t
he
i
r
c
ha
r
a
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e r
i
s
k
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
(
M
R
B
)
.
T
h
e ai
m
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
t
o
d
et
er
m
i
n
e t
h
e s
o
ci
o
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
f
act
o
r
r
e
la
te
d
to
M
RB
.
2.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ETH
O
D
2.
1.
St
udy
D
e
si
g
n
,
D
at
a A
n
al
ys
i
s
,
Se
t
t
i
ng
,
a
nd
P
a
r
ti
c
i
p
a
n
ts
T
h
e r
es
ear
ch
w
as
co
n
d
u
ct
e
d
a cr
o
s
s
-
s
e
c
t
i
on
a
l
qu
e
s
t
i
onn
a
i
r
e
of
T
h
a
i
s
t
u
de
nt
s
i
n
K
h
on K
a
e
n
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
.
A
l
l
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
t
w
er
e r
ecr
u
i
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a p
u
r
p
o
s
i
v
e
-
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e.
Q
u
an
t
i
t
at
i
v
e d
at
a
w
a
s
an
al
y
zed
u
s
i
n
g
d
es
cr
i
p
t
i
v
e a
n
d
i
n
f
er
en
t
i
al
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
D
es
cr
i
p
t
i
v
e
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
c co
n
s
i
s
t
ed
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
t
o
cat
e
g
o
r
i
cal
v
ar
i
ab
l
e,
m
ean
a
n
d
s
t
a
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
i
at
i
o
n
f
o
r
co
n
t
i
n
o
u
s
v
ar
i
ab
l
e.
P
ar
t
i
ci
p
an
t
s
w
er
e cat
eg
o
r
i
ze
d
as
l
o
w
,
m
o
d
er
at
e,
o
r
hi
g
h r
i
s
k
i
f
t
he
i
r
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
r
i
s
k
s
c
o
r
e
w
a
s
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n,
w
i
t
hi
n,
o
r
gr
e
a
t
e
r
t
ha
n o
ne
s
t
a
nd
a
r
d
d
e
vi
a
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
m
ean
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
.
T
h
e ch
i
-
s
q
u
a
r
e
te
s
t
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
to
in
v
e
s
tig
a
te
r
e
la
tio
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
w
ee
n
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c an
d
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e
r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
(
MR
B
)
.
A
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
<0
.
0
5
w
as
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ed
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cal
l
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
an
t
.
M
i
cr
o
s
o
f
E
x
cel
2
0
1
3
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
a
ll s
ta
t
is
tic
a
l a
n
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
he
r
e
s
p
o
nd
e
nt
o
f
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
s
f
i
f
t
y s
t
ud
e
nt
s
i
n K
ho
n K
a
e
n U
n
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
c
lu
s
io
n
c
r
ite
r
ia
w
e
r
e
(
a)
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
at
e s
t
u
d
e
n
t
,
an
d
(
b
)
r
eg
u
l
ar
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e d
r
i
v
er
.
P
a
r
tic
ip
a
n
ts
w
e
r
e
e
xc
l
ud
i
n
g
f
ro
m
s
t
u
d
y
i
f
(a
)
t
h
e
y
u
n
d
er
t
h
e i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce o
f
al
co
h
o
l
an
d
(
b
)
t
h
e
y
r
eq
u
es
t
ed
t
h
at
t
h
ei
r
p
ar
t
i
ci
p
at
i
o
n
b
e t
er
m
i
n
at
ed
.
T
h
e s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
c
o
nd
uc
t
e
d i
n
22
th
N
ov
e
m
be
r
201
6 a
n
d
t
o
o
k p
l
a
c
e
i
n K
h
o
n K
a
e
n
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
c
a
m
p
us
b
o
t
h
KKU
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
a
nd
KKU L
i
b
r
a
r
y
.
A
q
u
es
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
w
as
ad
o
p
t
ed
f
r
o
m
C
he
n
g,
L
i
u,
&
T
ul
l
i
a
n
i
[9
].
A
d
d
itio
n
a
ll
y
,
a
l
l
r
e
s
p
o
nd
e
nt
ge
t
t
he
p
ilo
t te
s
t q
u
e
s
tio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
a
ir
e
c
o
n
s
is
te
d
o
f
t
w
o
p
a
r
ts
.
P
a
r
t 1
c
a
p
tu
r
e
d
th
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
a
n
d
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
’
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
ed
o
f
(
a)
a
g
e
,
(b
) s
e
x
,
(c
) g
ra
d
e
o
f
t
e
rm
,
(d
) p
o
c
k
e
t
m
o
n
e
y
,
(e
) ri
d
e
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
,
(
f
)
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e
d
r
i
v
e,
(
g
)
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e
acci
d
en
t
,
(
h
)
r
es
i
d
en
ce
(
i
)
t
h
ei
r
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
acc
i
d
en
t
du
r
i
ng
t
h
e
pr
e
v
i
ous
y
e
a
r
,
a
n
d
(
j
)
h
om
e
t
o
w
n.
P
ar
t
2
o
f
t
h
e q
u
es
t
i
o
n
n
ai
r
e co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
an
18
-
ite
m
s
c
a
le
w
e
r
e
as
k
ed
t
o
i
n
d
i
cat
e
h
o
w
o
f
t
e
n
t
h
e
y
co
m
m
i
t
t
ed
each
o
f
t
h
e r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
u
s
i
n
g
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
cal
e
w
h
er
e s
ca
l
e
1
(N
e
v
e
r)
t
o
5
(V
e
ry
O
f
t
e
n
).
T
he
i
nt
e
r
na
l
co
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
ci
e
s
(
C
r
o
n
b
ach
’
s
al
p
h
a)
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
s
cal
es
ar
e
r
a
nge
f
r
o
m
.
876
t
o .
914
[
10
].
T
h
e s
co
r
e w
er
e r
ev
er
s
ed
f
o
r
n
eg
at
i
v
e q
u
es
t
i
o
n
;
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
h
i
g
h
r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
y
i
e
l
d
ed
h
i
g
h
er
s
co
r
es
.
Mo
t
o
cy
cl
e
r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
d
ev
i
d
ed
i
n
t
o
t
h
r
ee
r
i
s
k
l
ev
el
:
L
(
M
ea
n
–
1
S
D
)
,
M
(
M
ean
±
1
S
D
)
,
an
d
H
(
M
ean
+ 1
S
D
)
.
T
he
e
nt
i
r
e
r
e
s
pon
de
n
t
ga
ve
i
nf
o
r
m
e
d
c
o
ns
e
nt
t
o
p
a
r
tic
ip
a
te
v
o
lu
n
ta
r
il
y
i
n t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t f
ille
d
o
u
t th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
a
ir
e
w
ith
t
h
e
ir
p
r
e
s
e
n
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
a
n
d
s
ig
n
e
d
it.
I
f
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
d
id
n
o
t
und
e
r
s
t
a
nd
t
he
p
o
i
nt
o
f
q
ue
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
ga
ve
t
he
m
a
n o
r
a
l
e
xp
l
a
na
t
i
o
n.
3.
R
ES
U
LT
S
A
ND AN
AL
Y
S
I
S
3.
1.
D
e
m
ogr
ap
h
i
c
C
h
a
ra
ct
eri
s
t
i
c
o
f
R
e
s
po
nde
nt
s
F
i
f
t
y u
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y s
t
ud
e
nt
s
w
e
r
e
i
nc
l
ud
e
d
i
n t
he
s
t
ud
y;
6
2
%
w
e
r
e
f
e
m
a
l
e
,
w
i
t
h a
m
e
a
n a
g
e
o
f
1
9
.
6
4
y
e
a
rs
(S
D
:
0
.
9
2
).
T
h
er
e a
r
e
54%
o
f
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
w
e
r
e
i
n s
e
c
o
nd
ye
a
r
,
3
2
%
w
e
r
e
s
t
ud
yi
n
g t
he
p
ub
l
i
c
he
a
l
t
h
m
a
j
o
r
,
a
n
d
94%
r
e
s
i
de
d
on
c
a
m
pus
w
i
t
h
82%
h
a
v
e
poc
k
e
t
m
o
n
e
y
l
o
w
e
r
t
ha
n
8
,
0
0
0
T
H
B
/
m
o
nt
h.
S
e
ve
nt
y p
e
r
c
e
nt
r
e
por
t
e
d
dr
i
v
i
n
g
m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
e
e
v
e
r
y
da
y
a
n
d 60%
h
a
d on
e
or
t
w
o a
c
c
i
de
n
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
y
ear
.
T
ab
l
e 1
s
u
m
m
ar
i
s
e t
h
es
e d
es
cr
i
p
t
i
v
e ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
22
52
-
8822
IJ
E
R
E
V
o
l.
6
, N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
01
7
:
270
–
27
6
272
T
ab
l
e
1.
D
e
m
og
r
a
ph
i
c
a
n
d
P
er
s
o
n
al
C
h
ar
ct
er
i
s
t
i
cs
o
f T
h
a
i
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
S
t
ud
e
nt
3.
2.
M
o
t
o
rc
y
cl
e
R
i
s
k
B
e
h
avi
or
E
i
g
h
t
een
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
(
M
R
B
)
w
e
r
e
i
d
e
nt
i
f
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
he
s
a
m
p
l
i
ng
o
f
t
he
un
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
.
T
ab
l
e 2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
M
R
B
w
er
e
m
ak
i
n
g
U
-
t
u
r
n
(
38%
)
,
s
o
m
e
t
i
m
e
s
dr
i
vi
ng
a
bov
e
t
h
e
s
pe
e
d l
i
m
i
t
(
36%
)
,
dr
i
v
i
ng
w
i
t
h
m
or
e
t
h
a
n
t
w
o pa
s
s
a
n
g
e
r
(
48%
)
a
n
d s
o
m
e
t
i
m
es
n
o
t
w
ear
i
n
g
h
el
m
et
(
36%
)
.
V
a
r
i
ab
l
e
n
(%
)
A
g
e (
y
ea
r
s
)
1
5
–
1
9
2
0
–
2
4
2
5
(
5
0
.
0
)
2
5
(
5
0
.
0
)
S
ex
F
em
a
l
e
M
a
le
3
1
(
6
2
.
0
)
1
9
(
3
8
.
0
)
G
ra
d
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
22
52
-
8822
IJ
E
R
E
V
o
l.
6
, N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
01
7
:
270
–
27
6
274
3.
3.
F
ac
t
or
as
s
os
i
at
e
d
w
i
t
h dr
i
v
i
ng
r
i
s
k
be
ha
v
i
o
r
M
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e r
i
s
k
b
eh
av
i
o
r
(
M
R
B
)
am
o
n
g
p
ar
t
i
ci
p
an
t
s
w
a
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
can
t
l
y
as
s
o
ci
at
ed
w
i
t
h
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
c (
s
e
x
)
an
d
o
n
e
en
ab
l
i
n
g
f
act
o
r
(
r
i
d
i
n
g
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
)
.
M
al
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
s
t
u
d
en
t
h
ad
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
M
R
B
f
r
o
m
t
h
ei
r
f
e
m
al
e p
eer
s
(
p
= 0
.
0
2
9
)
.
Mo
r
e
m
al
e (
1
0
%
)
en
g
ag
ed
i
n
h
i
g
h
l
e
ve
l
s
o
f
M
R
B
t
ha
n
f
e
m
al
e (
2
%
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,
(
p
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0.
05)
.
M
R
B
a
l
s
o
di
f
f
e
r
e
d
b
y
r
i
di
ng
h
i
s
t
or
y
(
p
=
0
.
01)
.
T
h
os
e
w
i
t
h
≥
6
y
e
a
r
s
of
r
i
di
n
g
h
i
s
t
or
y
(
8
%
)
e
n
g
a
g
e
d
i
n
h
i
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
M
R
B
t
h
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
w
i
t
h
4
u
n
t
i
l
l
5
y
e
a
r
s
(
2
%
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a
n
d
t
h
o
s
e
w
i
t
h
≤
3
y
e
a
r
s
r
i
d
i
n
g
h
i
s
t
or
y
(
2%
)
(
p<
0.
05)
.
T
a
b
l
e
3
s
ho
w
s
t
ha
t
M
R
B
di
d
n
ot
di
f
f
e
r
e
d b
y
g
r
a
de
of
t
e
r
m
,
poc
k
e
t
m
o
n
e
y
,
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
of
dr
i
v
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ng
,
m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
e
a
c
c
i
de
nt
du
r
i
n
g t
he
p
r
e
vi
o
us
ye
a
r
,
a
nd
r
es
i
d
en
ce.
T
a
b
le
3
.
A
s
s
o
c
ia
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
P
er
s
o
n
al
C
h
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
cs
a
nd
M
R
B
a
m
ong
T
ha
i
U
ni
ve
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s
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t
y S
t
ud
e
nt
Va
r
i
a
b
le
MR
B
r
e
l
a
t
iv
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r
is
k
l
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p
-
v
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lu
e
Lo
w
n
(%
)
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d
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te
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(%
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H
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g
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n
(%
)
To
t
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l
n
(%
)
A
g
e (
y
ea
r
s
)
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5
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9
2
0
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4
3
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0
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4
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0
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2
0
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4
0
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0
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1
7
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3
4
.
0
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2
(
4
.
0
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4
(
8
.
0
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2
5
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5
0
.
0
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2
5
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5
0
.
0
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0
.
5
9
0
S
ex
F
em
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l
e
M
a
le
6
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1
2
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0
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1
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2
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0
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2
4
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4
8
.
0
)
1
3
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2
6
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
3
1
(
5
0
.
0
)
1
9
(
5
0
.
0
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0
.
0
2
9
*
G
ra
d
e
o
f t
e
rm
(
y
e
a
rs
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1
2
3
4
1
(
2
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
1
4
(
2
8
.
0
)
1
8
(
3
6
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
2
(
4
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
1
7
(
3
4
.
0
)
2
7
(
5
4
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
0
.
9
2
2
P
o
c
k
e
t
M
o
n
e
y
p
e
r
m
o
n
t
h
(B
a
h
t
)
<
8
.
0
00
8
.
0
0
0
–
1
5
.
0
0
0
6
(
1
2
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
3
0
(
6
0
.
0
)
7
(
1
4
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
4
1
(
8
2
.
0
)
9
(
1
8
.
0
)
0
.
9
5
4
R
i
d
i
n
g
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
(
y
e
a
r
)
≤
3
4
–
5
≥
6
6
(
1
2
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
1
0
(
2
0
.
0
)
1
5
(
3
0
.
0
)
1
2
(
2
4
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
1
7
(
3
4
.
0
)
1
6
(
3
2
.
0
)
1
7
(
3
4
.
0
)
0
.
0
1
2
2
*
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
(
d
a
y
s
p
er
w
eek
)
1
–
2
3
–
4
5
–
6
7
1
(
2
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
2
(
4
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
2
7
(
5
4
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
2
(
4
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
1
(
2
.
0
)
9
(
1
8
.
0
)
3
5
(
7
0
.
0
)
0
.
9
1
0
M
ot
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
-
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
y
ea
r
No
Y
es
1
-
2
>2
5
(
1
0
.
0
)
4
(
8
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
1
3
(
2
6
.
0
)
2
2
(
4
4
.
0
)
2
(
8
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
6
(
1
2
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
1
8
(
3
6
.
0
)
3
0
(
6
0
.
0
)
2
(
8
.
0
)
0
.
0
8
9
R
es
i
d
en
c
e
O
n
c
a
m
p
u
s
O
ff c
a
m
p
u
s
7
(
1
4
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
3
4
(
6
8
.
0
)
3
(
6
.
0
)
6
(
1
2
.
0
)
0
(
0
.
0
)
4
7
(
9
4
.
0
)
3
(
6
.
0
)
0
.
8
4
3
4.
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
O
N
O
u
r
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
h
o
w
e
d M
R
B
a
s
s
oc
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h r
i
s
k
l
e
v
e
l
di
f
f
e
r
e
d by
s
e
x
a
n
d dr
i
vi
ng
h
i
s
t
or
y
.
A
s
e
x
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce i
s
w
el
l
d
es
cr
i
b
ed
i
n
t
h
e l
i
t
t
er
at
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
T
ay
[
1
1
]
a
nd
C
a
t
hc
a
r
t
&
G
l
e
nd
o
n [
1
2
]
.
T
he
y
s
ho
w
t
ha
t
m
al
e ar
e
m
o
r
e h
i
g
h
r
i
s
k
i
n
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e d
r
i
v
i
n
g
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
r
el
at
ed
w
i
t
h
m
al
e b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
,
w
h
i
ch
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
s
pe
e
di
n
g
a
n
d dr
i
nk
i
n
g
w
hi
l
e
dr
i
v
i
ng
m
o
t
or
c
y
c
l
e
.
D
e
J
o
y
,
s
t
u
di
e
d a
n
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
on of
g
e
n
de
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
r
af
f
i
c
acci
d
en
t
f
o
u
n
d
m
a
l
e d
r
i
v
er
ar
e
m
o
r
e l
i
k
el
y
t
o
g
e
t
i
n
t
o
cr
as
h
es
t
h
a
n
f
e
m
al
e
s
[
1
3
]
.
B
r
a
nd
a
u
a
nd
c
o
l
l
e
a
gue
s
,
s
t
ud
i
e
d
t
he
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
y
o
un
g
m
o
p
e
d
d
r
i
ve
r
s
i
n
A
us
t
r
i
a
a
nd
f
o
und
f
e
m
a
l
e
m
o
p
e
d
dr
i
ve
r
ha
ve
a
l
o
w
e
r
r
i
s
k o
f
ha
vi
n
g a
n i
nj
ur
y
[
1
4
]
.
D
r
i
vi
ng
hi
s
t
o
r
y
w
a
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h M
R
B
.
T
he
o
t
he
r
s
t
ud
i
e
d
b
y
M
ul
l
i
n a
nd
c
o
l
l
e
a
g
ue
s
,
f
oun
d
i
n
cr
eas
i
n
g
y
ear
s
o
f
r
eg
u
l
ar
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e r
ed
u
ce t
h
e r
i
s
k
o
f
m
o
d
er
at
e
t
o
f
a
t
al
i
n
j
u
r
y
[
1
5
]
.
L
i
n
an
d
co
l
l
ea
g
u
es
,
s
t
u
d
i
ed
r
i
s
k
f
act
o
r
s
f
o
r
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e cr
as
h
e
s
f
r
o
m
T
ai
w
a
n
an
d
f
o
und
o
p
er
at
i
n
g
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
h
ad
a l
o
w
er
r
i
s
k
o
f
b
e
i
ng
i
n
vo
l
ve
d
i
n
cr
as
h
[1
6
]
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
al
l
y
,
acci
d
en
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
t
en
d
ed
t
o
d
ecr
eas
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
cr
eas
e ex
p
er
i
en
ce
[
7
]
.
C
o
nt
r
a
r
y t
o
o
t
he
r
s
t
ud
i
e
s
,
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y u
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ud
e
nt
ha
d
a
m
o
r
e
t
ha
n 6
ye
a
r
s
hi
s
t
o
r
y
r
i
d
i
n
g
ex
p
er
i
en
ce e
n
g
a
g
ed
i
n
h
i
g
h
l
ev
el
o
f
r
el
at
i
v
e r
i
s
k
,
b
u
t
i
t
i
s
u
n
cl
ear
,
i
f
t
h
e
i
r
r
i
s
k
i
n
j
u
r
y
an
d
acci
d
en
t
al
s
o
i
n
cr
eas
e.
T
h
e
m
os
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
be
h
a
vi
or
of
M
R
B
wa
s
:
m
ad
e a U
-
t
u
r
n
,
d
r
i
v
e
n a
bov
e
t
h
e
s
pe
e
d l
i
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
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2252
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a
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tic
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M
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1
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h
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3
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r
i
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4
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h
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2
4
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m
i
nc
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t
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h
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[
2
5
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5.
CO
NCL
U
S
I
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T
h
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y
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m
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m
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d
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f
act
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f c
r
a
s
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v
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t
h
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l
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s
s,
i
m
p
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ov
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kn
o
w
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por
t
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o de
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h
a
v
io
r
.
A
d
d
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ll
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d
to
p
r
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v
id
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r
v
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ti
o
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r
a
m
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o
m
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n
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w
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s
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f
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di
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be
h
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v
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or
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d be
r
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om
m
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n
de
d,
f
r
o
m
t
h
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s
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
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NO
W
L
E
D
G
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M
E
NT
S
T
h
e au
t
h
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s
w
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t
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ei
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w
ar
m
co
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Y
u
d
h
a P
u
r
at
m
aj
a
w
a
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nt
e
d
t
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xc
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t
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F
a
c
ul
t
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P
ub
l
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c
H
e
a
l
t
h,
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ho
n
K
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e
n
U
ni
ve
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s
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t
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b
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K
e
m
e
nr
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s
t
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kd
i
kt
i
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
W
o
r
ld
H
e
a
lth
O
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
,
“
G
l
oba
l
s
t
a
t
us
r
e
p
or
t
on
r
oa
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
20
15
:
s
u
pp
or
t
i
ng
a
de
c
a
de
of
a
c
t
i
on
,”
G
en
ev
a,
S
w
i
t
zer
l
an
d
,
W
H
O
,
201
5
.
[
2]
M
. A
.
Ellio
tt,
e
t a
l.
,
“
Er
r
o
r
s
a
n
d
v
io
la
tio
n
s
in
r
e
la
ti
o
n
t
o
m
o
to
r
c
y
c
lis
ts
’
c
r
a
s
h
r
is
k
,”
A
c
ci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
39
(3
),
pp
.
4
91
–
4
99
,
20
07
.
[
3]
Z
.
A
la
v
ije
h
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
T
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd pr
e
di
c
t
or
s
of
he
l
m
e
t
us
e
a
m
ong
I
r
a
ni
a
n m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
i
s
t
s
:
a
qua
n
tita
tiv
e
a
n
d
q
u
a
lita
tiv
e
s
tu
d
y
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
&
P
r
ev
en
t
i
o
n
,
20
11
.
[
4]
N
a
tio
n
a
l H
ig
h
w
a
y
T
r
a
f
f
ic
S
a
f
e
t
y
A
d
m
in
is
tr
a
tio
n
,
“
T
r
af
f
i
c S
a
f
et
y
F
act
s
2
0
1
4
D
at
a
,”
W
a
s
hi
ng
t
on D
C
,
DOT
HS
,
201
6
.
[
5]
S
.
J
i
r
oj
w
ong
K
.
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
N
on
-
f
a
ta
l in
ju
r
ie
s
s
u
s
ta
in
e
d
in
r
o
a
d
tr
a
f
f
ic
a
c
c
id
e
n
ts
: a
p
ilo
t s
tu
d
y
in
p
r
o
v
in
c
ia
l h
o
s
p
i
ta
ls
in
C
hon
bur
i
,
T
ha
i
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a
nd
,
”
T
he
S
out
he
as
t
A
s
i
a
n J
our
nal
of
T
r
opi
c
a
l
M
e
di
c
i
ne
a
nd P
ub
l
i
c
H
e
al
t
h
,
vo
l
.
33
,
pp.
1
93
–
2
00
,
200
2
.
[
6]
H.
G
j
er
d
e,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on of
a
l
c
oho
l
a
nd
dr
ug
us
e
by
r
a
ndom
m
ot
or
ve
hi
c
l
e d
r
i
v
er
s
i
n
B
r
azi
l
an
d
N
o
r
w
a
y
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
J
our
n
al
of
D
r
u
g P
o
l
i
c
y
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
25
(
3
),
pp
.
3
93
–
4
00
,
20
14
.
[
7]
Ellio
tt
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
A
c
c
id
e
n
t R
is
k
o
f
M
o
to
r
c
y
c
lis
ts
,
”
200
4
.
[
8]
U.
C
hum
pa
w
a
de
e
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
F
act
o
r
s
r
el
at
ed
t
o
m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
e
a
c
c
i
de
nt
r
i
s
k
be
ha
v
i
or
a
m
ong
uni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
ude
nt
s
i
n
N
o
r
t
h
eas
t
er
n
T
h
ai
l
an
d
,”
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
i
an J
our
nal
of
T
r
o
pi
c
al
M
e
di
c
i
ne
an
d P
u
bl
i
c
H
e
al
t
h
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
46
(
4
),
p
p.
805
–
82
1
,
20
15
.
[
9]
A
. S
. K
.
C
he
ng
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
R
e
la
tio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
een
D
r
i
v
i
n
g
-
v
io
la
tio
n
B
e
h
a
vi
o
u
r
s
a
nd
R
i
s
k
P
e
r
cep
t
i
o
n
i
n
M
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e
A
c
ci
d
en
t
s
,”
H
on
g K
o
ng
J
our
nal
of
O
c
c
up
at
i
o
na
l
T
he
r
apy
,
vol
.
25
,
pp.
32
–
38
,
20
15
.
[
1
0]
A
. S
. L
.
C
he
ng
a
n
d
T
. C
. K
. N
g
,
“
D
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a C
h
i
n
es
e m
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e r
i
d
er
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
v
i
o
l
at
i
o
n
q
u
es
t
i
o
n
n
ai
r
e,
”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
e
ven
t
i
o
n
,
vo
l
.
21
,
pp.
12
50
-
12
56
,
20
10
.
[
1
1]
R.
T
a
y,
“
T
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
of
e
nf
or
c
e
m
e
nt
a
nd pu
bl
i
c
i
t
y
c
a
m
pa
i
g
ns
on s
e
r
i
o
us
c
r
a
s
he
s
i
nv
ol
v
i
ng
y
oung
m
a
l
e
d
r
iv
e
r
s
: A
r
e
d
r
in
k
d
r
iv
in
g
a
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
in
g
s
im
ila
r
?
”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
37
(
5
),
pp.
9
22
–
9
29
,
200
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
22
52
-
8822
IJ
E
R
E
V
o
l.
6
, N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er
2
01
7
:
270
–
27
6
276
[
1
2]
R
. L
.
C
at
h
car
t
a
nd A
.
I
.
G
l
e
ndo
n,
“
J
u
d
g
ed
ef
f
ect
i
v
en
es
s
o
f
t
h
r
ea
t
an
d
co
p
i
n
g
ap
p
r
ai
s
al
an
t
i
-
s
p
eed
i
n
g
m
es
s
ag
es
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
e
ven
t
i
o
n
,
vo
l
.
96
,
pp.
23
7
–
24
8
,
20
16
.
[
1
3]
D
. M
.
De
Jo
y
,
“
A
n e
x
a
m
i
na
t
i
on of
ge
nde
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
i
n t
r
a
f
f
i
c a
cci
d
en
t
r
i
s
k
p
er
cep
t
i
o
n
,”
A
c
c
i
d
e
nt
;
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
and
P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
24
(3
)
,
pp.
23
7
–
2
46
,
19
92
.
[
1
4]
H.
B
r
an
d
au
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
P
e
r
s
ona
l
i
t
y
s
ubt
y
pe
s
of
y
oung
m
ope
d
dr
i
v
e
r
s
,
t
he
i
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
t
o
r
i
s
k
-
t
a
ki
n
g b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
a
nd
i
nv
ol
v
e
m
e
nt
i
n r
oa
d c
r
a
s
he
s
i
n a
n A
us
t
r
i
a
n s
a
m
pl
e
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
ev
en
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
43
(5
),
p
p.
17
13
–
171
9
,
20
11
.
[
1
5]
B.
M
u
l
lin
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
I
n
cr
eas
i
n
g
ag
e an
d
ex
p
er
i
en
ce:
ar
e b
o
t
h
p
r
o
t
e
ct
i
v
e ag
ai
n
s
t
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e i
n
j
u
r
y
?
A
c
as
e
-
c
ont
r
ol
s
t
udy
,”
I
n
j
u
r
y P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/
is
s
u
e
:
6
(1
)
,
pp.
32
–
35
,
20
00
.
[
1
6]
M
. R
.
Li
n
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
l
ong
i
t
ud
i
n
a
l
s
t
udy
of
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
or
s
f
or
m
ot
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
c
r
a
s
he
s
a
m
ong
j
u
ni
or
c
ol
l
e
g
e
s
t
ude
nt
s
i
n
T
ai
w
an
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
35
(2
)
,
pp.
24
3
–
2
52
,
20
03
.
[
1
7]
I
. P
.
M
eel
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
U
s
i
n
g
C
zech
T
C
T
t
o
A
cc
es
s
S
a
f
et
y
I
m
p
act
o
f
D
e
cel
er
at
i
o
n
L
an
e
at
T
h
ai
U
-
T
ur
ns
,”
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
J
our
n
al
,
v
o
l/
is
s
u
e
:
20
(
1
),
pp
.
1
21
–
1
35
,
20
16
.
[
1
8]
S
.
Z
ub
a
i
r
a
nd M
.
A
.
S
ha
i
k
h,
“
U
-
t
ur
ns
a
n
d r
oa
d s
a
f
e
t
y
-
p
er
s
p
ect
i
v
e
f
r
o
m
K
ar
ach
i
,”
J
P
M
A
.
T
he
J
our
n
al
of
t
he
P
ak
i
s
t
a
n M
e
di
c
al
A
s
s
oc
i
at
i
on
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
65
(
1
),
pp
.
84
–
86
,
20
15
.
[
1
9]
T.
B
j
ør
ns
k
a
u,
e
t a
l.
,
“
T
r
a
f
f
ic
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
m
o
n
g
m
o
to
r
c
y
c
lis
ts
in
N
o
r
w
a
y
:
A
s
tu
d
y
of
s
ubg
r
oups
a
n
d r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
or
s
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
e
ven
t
i
o
n
,
vo
l
.
49
,
pp.
50
–
57
,
20
12
.
[
2
0]
V
.
W
illia
m
s
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
F
act
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
I
n
cr
eas
e
an
d
D
ecr
e
as
e
M
o
t
o
r
cy
l
i
s
t
C
r
as
h
R
i
s
k
,
”
V
ir
g
in
ia
,
M
o
t
o
r
cl
y
cl
e S
a
f
et
y
F
ou
nda
t
i
on
,
20
15
.
[
2
1]
R.
R
a
ml
i
a
nd J
.
O
xl
e
y,
“
M
o
to
r
c
y
c
le
h
e
l
m
e
t
f
ix
a
tio
n
s
ta
tu
s
is
m
o
r
e
c
r
u
c
ia
l th
a
n
h
e
lm
e
t t
y
p
e
in
p
r
o
vi
d
i
n
g p
r
ot
e
c
t
i
on
t
o
t
h
e h
ead
,”
I
nj
ur
y
,
v
o
l
/is
s
u
e
:
47
(1
1
),
pp
.
24
42
–
24
49
,
20
16
.
[
2
2]
V
.
R
at
a
n
av
ar
ah
a
a
nd S
.
J
om
no
nk
w
a
o,
“
C
om
m
uni
t
y
pa
r
t
i
c
i
pa
t
i
on a
nd
be
ha
v
i
or
a
l
c
ha
ng
e
s
of
he
l
m
e
t
us
e
i
n
T
h
ai
l
an
d
,”
T
r
an
s
po
r
t
P
ol
i
c
y
,
vo
l
.
25
,
p
p.
11
1
–
11
8
,
20
13
.
[
2
3]
P
.
J
i
w
at
t
an
ak
u
l
p
ai
s
ar
n
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
D
o
es
l
aw
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
aw
ar
en
es
s
af
f
e
ct
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
cl
e h
el
m
et
u
s
e?
E
v
i
d
en
ce f
r
o
m
u
r
b
an
ci
t
i
es
i
n
T
h
ai
l
an
d
,”
G
l
o
ba
l
H
e
al
t
h
P
r
om
ot
i
on
,
v
o
l/is
s
u
e
:
20
(3
)
,
pp.
14
–
24
,
20
13
.
[
2
4]
V
.
R
o
ss,
e
t a
l.
,
“
I
n
v
es
t
i
g
at
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
y
,
d
i
s
t
r
act
i
n
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
t
ect
i
v
e p
eer
p
as
s
en
g
er
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
i
n a
dua
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
e
ven
t
i
o
n
,
vo
l
.
93
,
pp.
21
7
–
22
5
,
20
16
.
[
2
5]
A.
M
o
s
ka
l
,
et
a
l.
,
“
R
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
or
s
f
or
i
nj
ur
y
a
c
c
i
de
nt
s
a
m
ong
m
ope
d a
nd m
ot
or
c
y
c
l
e
r
i
de
r
s
,”
A
cci
d
en
t
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
&
P
r
even
t
i
o
n
,
vol
.
49
,
pp
.
5
–
11
,
201
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.