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b
le
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
er
is
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
m
o
tiv
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
E
n
g
lis
h
g
r
am
m
ar
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
4
]
.
Yan
g
[
5
]
h
eld
t
h
at
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
e
r
s
’
n
o
n
-
v
er
b
al
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
g
estu
r
es
a
n
d
s
m
ilin
g
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
in
C
h
in
ese
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Stu
d
ies
in
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
also
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
er
s
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
.
Stu
d
en
ts
’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ain
e
d
in
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
is
r
elate
d
t
o
teac
h
in
g
s
ty
le,
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
a
g
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
[
6
]
.
Kh
alilzad
eh
an
d
Kh
o
d
i
[
7
]
ar
g
u
ed
“tea
c
h
er
s
’
co
n
s
cien
tio
u
s
n
ess
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
ait
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
in
tr
in
s
ic
-
m
o
tiv
ati
o
n
-
k
n
o
wled
g
e”
,
wh
ile
“th
eir
ex
tr
a
v
er
s
io
n
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
tr
ait
h
a
d
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
in
t
r
in
s
ic
-
m
o
tiv
atio
n
-
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
e
n
t,
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e”
.
Stu
d
en
ts
,
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
ial
co
n
tex
t,
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
s
et
a
h
ig
h
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
E
GP
teac
h
er
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
m
aster
g
o
o
d
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
s
o
n
ality
“in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic”
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
t
r
ai
ts
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
r
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
at
e
d
w
i
t
h
“
t
h
e
te
a
c
h
e
r
–
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
a
f
f
i
li
a
ti
o
n
o
r
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
”
[
9
]
,
s
o
t
h
e
b
i
l
at
e
r
a
l
r
el
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
c
a
n
a
ls
o
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
m
o
r
e
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
.
H
e
n
r
y
a
n
d
T
h
o
r
s
e
n
[
1
0
]
p
o
i
n
t
e
d
o
u
t
t
h
a
t
a
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
is
“
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
s
e
c
o
n
d
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
”
a
n
d
“
i
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
a
ct
i
o
n
s
s
ti
m
u
l
a
t
e
m
o
ti
v
a
t
e
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
”
.
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
ll
y
,
a
“su
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
-
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
r
e
lat
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
”
i
s
a
ls
o
c
o
n
d
u
c
i
v
e
to
t
h
e
m
o
t
i
v
at
i
o
n
a
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
t
r
u
g
g
l
i
n
g
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
“
m
e
d
i
u
m
i
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c
a
n
d
u
t
i
l
it
y
v
a
l
u
e
a
n
d
l
o
w
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
”
[
1
1
]
.
B
o
t
h
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
’
s
c
h
a
r
m
i
n
g
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
-
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
r
e
l
a
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
c
a
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
a
w
a
r
m
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
.
B
u
g
a
j
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
a
r
g
u
e
d
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
la
x
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
,
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
t
o
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
o
p
i
n
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
m
i
s
t
a
k
es
a
r
e
“
n
o
t
s
ee
n
a
s
s
o
m
e
t
h
i
n
g
b
a
d
”
,
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
w
ith
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
w
h
o
a
r
e
“
k
i
n
d
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
”
,
c
a
n
m
a
k
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
m
o
r
e
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
.
I
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
E
FL
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
,
a
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
w
h
e
r
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
r
e
n
o
t
a
f
r
a
i
d
o
f
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
a
r
e
w
i
l
l
i
n
g
to
t
a
k
e
r
i
s
k
s
,
i
s
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
“s
t
i
m
u
la
t
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
o
l
le
g
e
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
”
(
E
GP
f
o
r
C
h
i
n
es
e
c
o
ll
eg
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
)
[
1
3
]
.
A
m
o
d
er
ately
d
if
f
icu
lt
task
o
r
p
r
o
ject
ca
n
to
s
o
m
e
d
e
g
r
ee
en
h
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
lea
r
n
E
n
g
lis
h
.
As
f
o
r
c
o
lleg
e
E
n
g
li
s
h
teac
h
in
g
,
C
h
in
ese
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
g
r
ea
tly
ad
v
o
ca
tes
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
ce
p
t
-
o
u
tco
m
e
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
OB
E
)
,
th
at
m
ea
n
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
c
o
m
p
lete
a
task
o
r
p
r
o
ject
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ab
ilit
y
,
th
u
s
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
eir
in
ter
est
in
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
.
So
m
etim
es,
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
task
,
ca
n
m
o
tiv
at
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lea
r
n
,
an
d
h
elp
t
h
em
o
b
tain
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t.
“T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
(
PB
L
)
-
b
ased
p
ed
ag
o
g
ics
u
n
d
er
OB
E
co
n
ce
p
t”
en
h
an
ce
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ab
ilit
y
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
with
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
with
in
a
team
,
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
u
t
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
to
p
r
a
ctice
,
th
u
s
m
o
tiv
a
tin
g
th
em
to
b
etter
ac
q
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
1
4
]
.
Sh
in
’
s
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
id
ea
th
at
“
PB
L
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
is
ab
le
to
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
co
o
p
er
atio
n
s
k
ills
as
well”
in
E
GP [
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
a
task
ca
n
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
th
e
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
to
en
jo
y
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
en
jo
y
lear
n
in
g
,
“i
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
is
m
o
r
e
PB
L
s
ty
le”
[
1
6
]
.
W
h
ile
th
e
PB
L
d
o
es
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
wo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
b
v
io
u
s
f
ac
t
o
r
d
e
m
o
tiv
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lear
n
in
E
FL
lear
n
in
g
is
th
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
a
v
er
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
task
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
[
1
7
]
.
E
v
e
n
f
o
r
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
f
o
th
er
lan
g
u
ag
es,
a
to
o
m
u
ch
d
if
f
icu
lt
p
r
o
ject
d
is
co
u
r
ag
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
willin
g
n
ess
to
lear
n
.
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
a
d
if
f
icu
lt
p
r
o
ject
in
C
h
in
es
e
lear
n
in
g
to
lar
g
e
d
eg
r
ee
d
e
m
o
tiv
ates stu
d
en
ts
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
C
h
in
ese
u
s
ef
u
l in
th
e
UK
[
18
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
liter
atu
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
m
u
ch
atten
tio
n
is
p
aid
to
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
atten
tio
n
in
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
o
r
E
GP
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
ile
litt
le
atten
tio
n
is
p
aid
to
E
SP
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
th
e
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
m
ajo
r
s
as
th
e
class
atten
d
ee
s
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
E
GP,
E
SP
i
n
v
o
lv
es
m
an
y
ty
p
es,
s
u
c
h
as
b
u
s
in
ess
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ed
ical
E
n
g
lis
h
,
b
an
k
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
E
n
g
lis
h
.
I
t
aim
s
to
h
elp
lear
n
er
s
u
s
e
E
n
g
lis
h
f
lex
ib
ly
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ield
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
eir
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
in
E
SP
class
es
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
m
ajo
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
h
elp
E
SP
teac
h
e
r
s
ad
ju
s
t
th
eir
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices in
tim
e,
th
u
s
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
s
p
ir
in
g
E
SP
class
.
Her
e
two
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
p
o
s
ed
:
W
h
at
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
in
s
p
ir
in
g
an
d
least
in
s
p
ir
in
g
m
ac
r
o
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices in
E
SP
co
u
r
s
e?
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t a
n
d
least in
s
p
ir
in
g
m
icr
o
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices in
E
SP
co
u
r
s
e?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ad
o
p
ts
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iew
as
r
esear
ch
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
m
ain
l
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
b
y
Ma
u
lu
d
i
n
[
1
9
]
to
r
ate
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
in
Hu
n
g
ar
ian
E
n
g
lis
h
class
es.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
t
h
e
lar
g
er
th
e
s
am
p
le
is
,
th
e
less
er
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
t
h
at
f
in
d
in
g
s
will
b
e
b
iased
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
e
n
tire
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
4
0
2
-
3410
3404
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
ix
s
am
p
le
s
ize
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
(
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
en
tire
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
-
p
r
i
o
r
i
p
o
wer
a
n
aly
s
is
,
h
eu
r
is
tics
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
ju
s
tific
atio
n
)
,
b
y
wh
ich
a
r
esear
ch
er
ca
n
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
en
ti
r
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
wh
ich
is
f
in
ite,
s
o
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
(
al
m
o
s
t)
ev
er
y
en
tity
in
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
to
tally
1
2
3
E
SP
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Sh
an
d
o
n
g
Hu
ay
u
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
all
o
f
wh
o
m
wer
e
r
esear
c
h
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
an
d
am
o
n
g
wh
o
m
4
7
wer
e
g
o
in
g
t
o
tak
e
th
e
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
en
t
r
an
c
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
5
0
wer
e
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
9
wer
e
g
o
i
n
g
to
tak
e
th
e
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
en
tr
an
c
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
r
est
h
a
d
o
t
h
er
p
lan
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
2
3
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
with
1
2
3
v
alid
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
co
llected
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ef
f
icien
cy
r
ea
c
h
ed
1
0
0
%,
a
n
d
1
2
p
eo
p
le
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
r
elev
an
t
to
p
ics.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
n
tain
s
3
9
m
icr
o
teac
h
in
g
p
r
a
ctice
s
u
s
ed
in
E
SP
co
u
r
s
e,
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
s
wer
ed
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ea
ch
m
ic
r
o
p
r
ac
tice
f
o
r
th
em
to
lear
n
E
SP
co
u
r
s
es.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
s
co
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
i
v
e
-
lev
el
s
co
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
E
SP
l
ea
r
n
in
g
g
au
g
e
is
as f
o
llo
ws
in
T
ab
le
1
.
V
alu
es
in
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
h
av
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
ea
n
in
g
s
.
V
alu
es
b
etwe
en
0
.
5
an
d
0
.
7
a
r
e
m
ed
io
cr
e,
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
.
7
an
d
.
8
a
r
e
g
o
o
d
,
an
d
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
.
8
an
d
.
9
a
r
e
e
x
ce
llen
t
[
2
3
]
.
SP
SS
[
24
]
was
u
s
ed
t
o
o
b
tain
th
ese
two
in
d
e
x
es
o
f
m
ac
r
o
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
was
.
8
9
3
,
wh
ich
was
clo
s
e
to
.
9
an
d
th
e
Kaiser
-
Me
y
er
-
O
lk
in
(
KM
O)
v
alu
e
o
f
v
alid
ity
an
aly
s
is
was
.
8
7
8
,
also
clo
s
e
to
.
9
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
b
o
th
wer
e
e
x
ce
llen
t.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
,
th
er
e
wer
e
s
o
m
e
m
atter
s
n
ee
d
in
g
atten
tio
n
.
T
h
ey
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
e
ar
to
a
v
o
id
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
r
eju
d
ice
af
ter
t
h
ey
s
tu
d
y
th
e
E
SP
co
u
r
s
e.
B
ef
o
r
e
f
illi
n
g
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
to
ld
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
at
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
was
f
illed
o
n
ly
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
an
d
it
h
ad
n
o
th
in
g
to
d
o
with
th
eir
g
r
ad
es
in
t
h
is
co
u
r
s
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
leak
ed
.
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
co
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
leted
with
in
2
0
m
in
u
tes.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
u
ld
r
e
v
iew
th
eir
p
r
ev
io
u
s
E
n
g
lis
h
le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
wh
en
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iew
is
a
m
eth
o
d
b
y
wh
ich
m
ater
ials
ar
e
co
llected
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
p
ics
d
r
awn
u
p
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
d
ialo
g
u
e
am
o
n
g
te
am
m
em
b
er
s
[
25
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iew
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
1
2
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
,
an
d
a
s
en
io
r
E
SP
teac
h
er
(
t
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
E
SP
teac
h
er
s
in
Sh
an
d
o
n
g
Hu
ay
u
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
ea
c
h
o
f
wh
o
m
h
a
s
r
ich
E
SP
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
)
was
s
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
ato
r
,
to
d
ee
p
ly
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
v
iews
o
n
le
ar
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
q
u
esti
o
n
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
r
ef
er
en
ce
in
th
is
in
ter
v
iew,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
f
r
ee
ly
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
id
ea
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
t
ea
ch
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
m
e
u
s
ef
u
l
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
E
SP
teac
h
in
g
.
I
n
th
e
wh
o
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
er
at
o
r
d
id
n
o
t i
n
ter
r
u
p
t th
em
.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
SP
lear
n
in
g
g
au
g
e
S
c
o
r
e
S
c
o
r
e
mea
n
i
n
g
1
Th
i
s
mi
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
/
ma
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
2
Th
i
s
mi
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
/
ma
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
3
Th
i
s
mi
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
/
ma
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
i
mp
r
o
v
e
s s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
so
m
e
d
e
g
r
e
e
.
4
Th
i
s
mi
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
/
ma
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
i
mp
r
o
v
e
s s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
5
Th
i
s
mi
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
/
ma
c
r
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
g
r
e
a
t
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
3
.
1
.
1
.
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ir
e
s
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[
24
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in
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
ter
v
iew
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
d
is
tu
r
b
ed
b
y
th
e
o
u
ts
id
e
wo
r
ld
,
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
was
s
e
lecte
d
in
an
em
p
ty
class
r
o
o
m
b
o
o
k
e
d
in
ad
v
an
ce
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
wer
e
r
o
u
n
d
tab
les
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
all
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
ea
ted
in
a
cir
cle.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
o
n
l
y
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
ee
s
an
d
th
e
h
o
s
t
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
was
q
u
iet.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
is
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iew
wer
e
ex
p
lain
ed
to
th
e
in
ter
v
iewe
es in
ad
v
an
ce
,
an
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
p
r
o
m
is
ed
to
p
r
o
te
ct
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
I
f
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
ac
ce
p
t
it,
th
ey
co
u
ld
leav
e
d
ir
ec
tly
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
with
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
at
is
,
th
e
m
ac
r
o
/m
icr
o
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
m
ak
e
th
em
m
o
s
t
an
d
least
m
o
tiv
ated
to
lear
n
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
r
esu
lt
wo
u
ld
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
3
.
2
.
1
.
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ir
e
s
urv
ey
I
t
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
es
u
lt
t
h
a
t
te
ac
h
e
r
-
r
ela
te
d
m
o
t
iv
a
ti
o
n
m
a
tte
r
s
m
o
s
t
.
T
a
b
le
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
i
c
r
o
te
ac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
t
h
a
t
m
a
k
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
o
s
t
m
o
ti
v
at
ed
t
o
l
ea
r
n
a
r
e
all
r
e
la
ted
t
o
te
ac
h
er
s
:
t
h
e
tea
ch
er
is
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
ate
(
t
ea
ch
er
s
’
p
e
r
s
o
n
ali
ty
)
;
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
wee
n
t
ea
ch
er
s
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
h
ar
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
)
;
th
e
te
ac
h
e
r
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
ly
en
co
u
r
a
g
es
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
(
s
el
f
-
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
)
;
th
e
te
ac
h
e
r
g
i
v
es
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
p
o
s
iti
v
e
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
a
n
d
ev
al
u
at
io
n
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
(
s
el
f
-
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
)
.
All
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
h
o
p
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
te
a
ch
er
c
o
u
l
d
p
u
t
h
i
m
s
el
f
/
h
er
s
el
f
i
n
th
ei
r
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
;
th
at
t
h
e
E
S
P
c
o
u
r
s
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
cia
l
t
o
t
h
ei
r
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
a
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
w
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
i
n
t
e
r
f
er
e
wit
h
t
h
ei
r
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
f
u
l
f
ill
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
la
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
t
e
ac
h
e
r
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
en
ts
’
le
a
r
n
in
g
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
r
el
ate
d
t
o
te
ac
h
i
n
g
s
t
y
le
b
ef
o
r
e
d
e
ci
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
an
d
w
h
e
n
t
o
u
s
e
i
n
c
e
n
ti
v
es
[
26
]
.
E
s
t
a
b
lis
h
i
n
g
a
g
o
o
d
t
ea
c
h
er
-
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
ip
is
c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
e
to
s
t
im
u
l
ati
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
le
ar
n
i
n
g
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
te
ac
h
i
n
g
[
27
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
a
b
le
s
3
a
n
d
6
th
at
E
SP
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
o
p
e
d
t
o
es
ta
b
lis
h
a
h
ar
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
wit
h
th
e
te
ac
h
er
,
s
h
o
wi
n
g
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
ea
liz
ati
o
n
o
f
E
SP
tea
ch
in
g
o
b
jec
ti
v
es
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
tea
c
h
e
r
’
s
s
k
il
ls
o
f
im
p
ar
ti
n
g
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
,
b
u
t
als
o
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
te
ac
h
e
r
-
s
tu
d
en
t
r
elat
io
n
s
h
i
p
,
th
at
is
,
te
ac
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
i
n
a
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
ip
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
li
k
el
y
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
.
Gi
v
i
n
g
an
ea
s
y
t
ask
i
n
l
an
g
u
a
g
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
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I
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J
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8
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2
2
S
tu
d
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’
lea
r
n
in
g
mo
tiva
tio
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in
E
n
g
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h
fo
r
s
p
ec
ific p
u
r
p
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in
C
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ese
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n
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(
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3407
wo
u
l
d
li
k
el
y
b
e
s
ee
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as
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
n
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v
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m
p
ac
t
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lea
r
n
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n
g
m
o
t
iv
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
la
n
27
g
u
a
g
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
s
u
c
ce
s
s
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
tes
f
r
o
m
n
o
t
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
o
w
n
le
v
els
o
f
c
o
m
p
ete
n
ce
b
u
t
l
o
w
tas
k
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
ty
[
24
]
.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
a
b
l
e
4
,
t
ea
c
h
in
g
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
th
at
m
a
k
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
leas
t
m
o
ti
v
at
e
d
a
r
e
r
e
lat
e
d
t
o
tea
m
s
a
n
d
c
o
u
r
s
es:
s
t
u
d
en
ts
a
r
e
as
k
e
d
t
o
c
o
m
p
l
ete
p
r
o
je
cts
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
m
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
(
p
r
o
j
ec
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
)
;
a
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
t
ask
is
s
et
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
(
i
n
te
r
est
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
)
;
r
e
g
u
l
ar
tea
m
p
r
o
je
cts
ar
e
ar
r
a
n
g
e
d
(
t
ea
m
co
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
)
;
n
ati
v
e
E
n
g
lis
h
s
p
ea
k
e
r
s
ar
e
in
v
i
ted
f
o
r
te
ac
h
i
n
g
(
E
n
g
lis
h
c
u
lt
u
r
e
)
.
T
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
i
n
th
e
US
s
h
o
ws
t
h
a
t
p
r
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j
ec
t
-
b
as
ed
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
u
ld
h
e
lp
s
tu
d
en
ts
c
o
m
p
let
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t
h
e
p
r
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je
ct,
t
h
e
r
e
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ir
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
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f
ic
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n
c
y
d
esp
ite
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
ies
[
2
8
]
,
w
h
i
le
s
ett
in
g
u
p
a
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
tas
k
u
n
d
er
th
e
c
o
n
te
x
t
o
f
a
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ty
f
a
ils
t
o
m
ee
t
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
n
ee
d
s
n
o
wa
d
a
y
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
ett
in
g
o
f
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
tas
k
s
will
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ic
al
b
u
r
d
e
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
i
f
th
ey
ca
n
’
t
c
o
m
p
l
ete
s
u
c
h
tas
k
s
,
t
h
e
ir
s
elf
-
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
wil
l
b
e
d
am
p
e
n
e
d
.
P
o
s
s
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b
l
y
t
h
e
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
o
f
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l
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t
ea
m
p
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ts
t
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k
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s
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p
E
SP
s
t
u
d
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ts
’
af
t
er
-
class
ti
m
e
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
y
m
ay
n
ee
d
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
ir
a
f
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c
las
s
ti
m
e
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o
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et
h
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b
en
ef
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cial
t
o
t
h
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r
f
u
t
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r
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d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
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s
ig
n
i
f
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n
t
d
i
f
f
er
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ce
s
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etw
ee
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n
a
ti
v
e
E
n
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h
-
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
te
ac
h
e
r
s
(
NE
S
T
s
)
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
n
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e
E
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lis
h
-
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
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te
ac
h
er
s
(
N
NE
S
T
s
)
i
n
t
er
m
s
o
f
th
ei
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
atti
tu
d
es
a
n
d
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
wit
h
r
es
p
e
ct
t
o
E
n
g
lis
h
l
ea
r
n
in
g
[
2
9
]
,
h
o
we
v
er
,
t
h
es
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
c
es
v
ar
i
e
d
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
class
.
T
ea
c
h
i
n
g
b
y
n
a
ti
v
e
s
p
ea
k
e
r
s
i
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
ca
n
n
o
t
att
r
a
ct
s
tu
d
en
ts
v
e
r
y
m
u
c
h
p
o
s
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i
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l
y
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ec
au
s
e
o
n
t
h
e
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d
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o
m
e
h
a
v
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p
o
o
r
E
n
g
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h
p
r
o
f
i
cie
n
cy
,
an
d
tea
c
h
i
n
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i
n
E
n
g
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h
la
n
g
u
ag
e
is
li
k
el
y
t
o
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ad
to
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h
ei
r
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a
ilu
r
e
t
o
u
n
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e
r
s
t
a
n
d
th
e
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o
n
t
en
t.
O
n
t
h
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o
t
h
e
r
h
an
d
,
E
n
g
lis
h
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
a
b
o
u
t w
o
r
d
s
o
r
g
r
a
m
m
ar
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o
esn
’
t
m
e
et
th
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
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d
em
an
d
f
o
r
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tu
r
e
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e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
t
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h
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s
s
ta
g
e,
t
h
a
t
is
,
E
n
g
l
is
h
is
o
f
n
o
g
r
ea
t
p
r
a
cti
ca
l
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
ce
.
F
r
o
m
a
m
a
cr
o
p
e
r
s
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ec
ti
v
e
,
t
ea
c
h
i
n
g
a
tm
o
s
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h
e
r
e
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s
el
f
-
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
o
u
s
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
ip
a
n
d
i
n
te
r
es
t
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
ca
n
m
o
ti
v
a
te
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
m
o
s
t
,
w
h
il
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
av
o
i
d
an
ce
,
p
r
o
jec
ts
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
g
o
a
l
s
e
tti
n
g
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
r
ele
v
a
n
ce
c
an
m
o
ti
v
a
te
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
l
ea
s
t
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
’
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
an
s
t
im
u
l
at
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
i
n
i
tiat
iv
e
an
d
c
r
ea
t
iv
it
y
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
o
u
r
it
em
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
s
t
s
tim
u
l
at
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
m
o
t
i
v
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
la
p
p
i
n
g
ite
m
r
ef
lec
te
d
b
y
m
i
cr
o
tea
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
an
d
m
a
cr
o
t
ea
ch
i
n
g
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
is
t
h
e
s
e
lf
-
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
wh
i
ch
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
s
h
o
ws
t
h
a
t st
u
d
e
n
ts
i
n
E
SP
cl
ass
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
y
n
e
ed
tea
ch
er
s
’
a
p
p
r
ec
i
ati
o
n
,
p
r
ais
e,
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
co
g
n
it
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
le
a
r
n
in
g
o
u
t
c
o
m
es
w
e
r
e
s
ig
n
i
f
i
c
an
t
ly
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
as
a
d
i
r
e
ct
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
,
p
a
r
ti
c
u
la
r
ly
,
t
h
e
PB
L
h
ad
a
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
l
ea
r
n
e
r
s
’
a
b
il
it
y
t
o
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
i
n
s
p
e
ak
in
g
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
PB
L
w
o
r
k
s
v
e
r
y
m
u
c
h
f
o
r
l
ea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es,
wh
i
le
s
t
u
d
en
ts
d
o
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
a
r
ily
li
k
e
it
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
co
n
t
ex
t
o
f
a
C
h
i
n
ese
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
l
ast
f
o
u
r
i
te
m
s
t
h
at
ca
n
s
t
im
u
l
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
l
ea
s
t,
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
la
p
p
i
n
g
it
em
r
e
f
l
ec
t
ed
b
y
m
ic
r
o
a
n
d
m
ac
r
o
te
ac
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
ctic
es
is
p
r
o
jec
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
wh
i
ch
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
r
e
u
n
wil
li
n
g
t
o
p
ar
t
ici
p
a
te
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
je
ct.
3
.
2
.
2
.
F
o
cus
g
r
o
up
inte
rv
iews
T
ea
ch
er
s
’
ch
ar
m
,
teac
h
in
g
s
ty
le,
an
d
class
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
[
3
2
]
,
ar
e
all
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
ab
le
3
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at,
teac
h
er
s
’
co
n
s
tan
t
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
en
t
h
elp
s
a
lo
t
in
m
o
tiv
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lear
n
E
SP
.
As
s
tu
d
en
t
A
s
aid
:
“
t
o
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
teac
h
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
m
ak
e
u
s
g
a
in
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
u
s
co
n
s
tan
tly
”,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
D
s
aid
“
i
f
th
e
teac
h
er
lets
u
s
f
ee
l
th
e
s
en
s
e
o
f
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
E
n
g
lis
h
,
we
will
b
e
en
c
o
u
r
ag
ed
a
lo
t”.
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
er
s
“h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
th
at
h
elp
th
em
to
co
m
p
lete
th
eir
wo
r
k
an
d
d
o
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
task
s
”
[
3
3
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
5
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
s
o
n
ality
p
lay
s
a
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
a
n
d
in
ter
est
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
lay
s
a
m
o
d
e
r
ately
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
As
s
tu
d
en
t
A
s
aid
:
“
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
p
r
ep
ar
e
less
o
n
s
f
u
lly
,
an
d
talk
n
atu
r
ally
an
d
s
in
ce
r
ely
ar
e
ex
ce
lle
n
t
o
n
es
in
m
y
ey
es.
I
f
th
e
t
o
p
ic
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
,
we
ca
n
b
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
.
I
d
is
lik
e
teac
h
er
s
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
s
cr
ip
t,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
m
ak
es
m
e
f
all
asleep
ea
s
ily
”.
T
h
e
s
ay
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
A
an
d
D
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
t
h
at
m
o
tiv
ate
th
em
m
o
s
t
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
b
u
t
wh
en
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
m
o
tiv
ate
th
e
m
least,
s
tu
d
en
t A
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
m
ee
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
E
SP
teac
h
in
g
,
wh
ich
d
id
n
o
t
ap
p
ea
r
i
n
th
e
s
ca
le.
C
las
s
r
o
o
m
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
m
a
y
e
n
h
an
ce
L
2
lear
n
er
s
’
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
tect
th
ese
“
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
o
cial
af
f
iliatio
n
s
”
lead
in
g
to
b
etter
lear
n
i
n
g
r
esu
l
t
f
o
r
I
n
d
ia
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
3
4
]
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
ws
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
p
lay
s
th
e
b
ig
g
est
r
o
le
in
th
e
E
SP
.
As
s
tu
d
en
t
C
s
aid
:
“
w
h
at
m
atter
s
m
o
s
t
is
to
cr
ea
te
a
p
leasan
t
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
if
I
f
ee
l
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
am
id
th
e
cl
ass
,
I
am
w
illi
n
g
to
lear
n
.
I
f
s
t
u
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
n
er
v
o
u
s
an
d
u
n
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le,
th
ey
will
n
o
t
lear
n
v
er
y
co
m
f
o
r
tab
l
y
”,
wh
ich
ec
h
o
es
th
e
s
ay
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
B
:
“I
d
o
n
’
t
th
in
k
teac
h
er
s
with
ex
ce
s
s
iv
ely
r
ig
id
to
n
e
ar
e
g
o
o
d
teac
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
eir
to
n
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
d
en
ce
d
.
I
p
r
ef
e
r
h
u
m
o
r
o
u
s
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
h
u
m
o
r
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
m
o
tiv
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
i
n
m
y
ey
es.
I
f
th
e
class
is
to
o
ten
s
e
t
o
m
ak
e
m
e
r
elax
e
d
,
I
m
ay
l
o
s
e
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
s
tu
d
y
”,
an
d
th
at
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
H:
“
i
t
i
s
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
to
b
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
b
le,
an
d
a
r
elax
in
g
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
m
atter
s
a
lo
t
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
W
ith
o
u
t
a
r
elax
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
it’
s
h
ar
d
f
o
r
u
s
to
im
m
er
s
e
o
u
r
s
elv
es
in
to
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
”.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
a
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
r
ath
er
th
an
atten
d
in
g
class
es
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
W
h
en
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
th
at
m
ak
es
th
em
m
o
tiv
ated
to
lear
n
least,
all
m
ad
e
a
r
e
v
er
s
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
,
th
at
is
,
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
with
o
u
t
a
g
o
o
d
lear
n
i
n
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
m
a
d
e
th
em
th
e
least m
o
tiv
ated
to
lear
n
E
SP
co
u
r
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
4
0
2
-
3410
3408
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P
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
f
u
t
u
r
e
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
w
h
i
c
h
d
i
d
n
o
t
a
p
p
e
a
r
i
n
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
ta
b
l
e
s
.
“
I
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
a
l
m
o
t
i
v
at
i
o
n
m
e
as
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
u
t
i
l
it
a
r
i
a
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
”
[
3
5
]
,
s
o
m
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
t
h
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
as
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
E
n
g
l
is
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
As
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
E
s
a
i
d
:
“
I
t
h
i
n
k
I
c
a
n
u
s
e
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
f
o
r
p
o
s
t
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
ti
o
n
,
C
E
T
-
4
(
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
t
e
x
t
f
o
r
C
h
i
n
es
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
)
a
n
d
C
E
T
-
6
a
n
d
m
y
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
s
o
I
h
a
v
e
t
o
l
ea
r
n
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
p
r
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
f
o
r
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
I
d
o
n
’
t
w
a
n
t
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
t
h
a
t
is
n
o
t
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
o
u
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
j
o
b
”
;
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
F
s
a
i
d
:
“
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
a
r
e
a
b
o
u
t
t
o
s
t
ep
i
n
t
o
j
o
b
m
a
r
k
e
t
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
o
f
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
al
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
k
e
y
s
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
ts
a
r
e
a
l
l
m
a
r
k
e
d
i
n
E
n
g
l
is
h
.
W
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
,
i
n
s
t
e
a
d
o
f
p
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
i
n
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
l
y
a
n
d
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
s
a
f
e
t
y
ac
c
id
e
n
t
s
;
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
G
s
ai
d
:
“
i
n
r
e
c
en
t
y
e
a
r
s
,
C
h
i
n
a
h
as
b
e
e
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
W
e
s
t
,
ab
s
o
r
b
i
n
g
i
t
s
e
s
s
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
is
c
a
r
d
i
n
g
i
t
s
d
r
o
s
s
.
S
t
a
ti
s
t
i
c
ia
n
s
,
a
cc
o
u
n
t
a
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
a
b
l
e
m
a
k
e
r
s
i
n
al
l
wa
l
k
s
o
f
l
i
f
e
w
i
ll
s
e
e
E
n
g
l
is
h
c
h
a
r
a
ct
e
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
‘
s
u
m
’
a
n
d
‘
m
e
a
n
’
.
T
h
a
t
m
e
a
n
s
w
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
m
a
s
t
e
r
s
o
m
e
b
as
i
c
E
n
g
l
is
h
.
”;
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
H
s
a
i
d
:
“
a
t
p
r
es
en
t
,
w
e
n
e
e
d
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
f
o
r
p
o
s
t
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
.
I
f
w
e
g
o
t
o
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
f
o
r
e
i
g
n
e
r
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
m
y
f
a
m
i
l
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
wo
r
k
s
f
o
r
B
M
W
,
a
n
d
s
h
e
s
p
e
a
k
s
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
w
h
e
n
t
r
a
v
el
i
n
g
a
b
r
o
a
d
,
s
o
I
t
h
i
n
k
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
is
v
e
r
y
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
i
ts
p
r
a
g
m
a
ti
c
v
a
l
u
e,
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
w
h
i
c
h
i
t
is
n
o
t
n
e
ce
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
l
ea
r
n
i
t”
.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
E
a
n
d
H
w
h
e
n
a
n
s
w
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
ct
i
c
e
th
a
t
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
m
m
o
ti
v
a
t
e
d
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
l
ea
s
t
,
m
a
d
e
a
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
d
i
d
n
o
t
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
t
h
e
i
r
v
iew
s
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
n
i
n
s
p
i
r
i
n
g
t
e
ac
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
es
.
T
ab
le
5
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
teac
h
er
p
er
s
o
n
ality
is
4
.
8
3
,
o
n
l
y
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
to
4
.
8
5
a
n
d
4
.
8
4
,
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
teac
h
er
p
er
s
o
n
ality
.
I
s
tiq
am
ah
et
a
l
.
[
3
6
]
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
“
t
h
e
in
to
n
atio
n
,
p
itch
,
r
h
y
th
m
,
v
o
l
u
m
e,
s
p
ee
d
,
ac
ce
n
t
an
d
em
p
h
asis
an
d
ty
p
es
o
f
teac
h
er
s
’
n
o
n
v
er
b
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
”
im
p
ac
te
d
y
o
u
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
As
Stu
d
en
t
I
s
a
id
:
“I
th
in
k
I
b
en
e
f
it
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
p
er
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
an
d
ca
d
e
n
ce
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
s
p
ea
k
to
o
f
ast
o
r
to
o
s
lo
w
wil
l
m
ak
e
m
e
f
ee
l
u
n
c
o
m
f
o
r
tab
l
e.
”
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
t
D
ca
n
b
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
m
ac
r
o
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tice:
teac
h
er
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
h
o
wev
er
,
u
n
d
er
wh
ich
,
teac
h
e
r
s
’
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
ca
d
en
ce
ar
e
n
o
t
lis
ted
as
a
m
icr
o
tea
ch
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
is
h
as
ce
r
tain
en
lig
h
ten
in
g
v
alu
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
en
t
also
,
m
ad
e
a
r
ev
er
s
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
wh
en
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
m
o
tiv
ated
th
e
m
least,
th
at
is
,
t
h
e
in
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
p
ee
ch
s
p
ee
d
m
ak
es h
im
least m
o
tiv
ated
to
l
ea
r
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
u
g
g
ests
,
g
r
am
m
ar
lear
n
in
g
d
is
co
u
r
ag
es
E
SP
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ko
m
ar
a
an
d
T
iar
s
iwi
[
3
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
FL
lean
er
s
th
o
u
g
h
t
“
g
r
am
m
a
r
was
d
if
f
icu
lt b
u
t
ess
en
tial
to
b
e
lear
n
e
d
an
d
m
aster
ed
”,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
co
n
f
u
s
ed
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
eir
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
.
S
o
m
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
o
m
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
g
r
am
m
ar
th
at
was
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
th
e
E
SP
class
.
As
Stu
d
en
t
J
s
aid
:
“lea
r
n
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
wo
r
d
s
r
ea
lly
m
atter
s
s
in
ce
I
ca
n
g
et
s
en
s
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t,
b
u
t
lear
n
in
g
g
r
am
m
ar
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
o
esn
’
t.
I
d
is
lik
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
g
r
a
m
m
ar
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
u
e
to
m
y
p
o
o
r
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
.
I
t’
s
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
E
SP
teac
h
er
s
teac
h
E
n
g
lis
h
wo
r
d
s
in
s
tead
o
f
g
r
am
m
ar
.
”
T
h
is
is
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
b
ec
au
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
g
r
am
m
ar
s
y
s
tem
h
as b
ee
n
f
in
a
lized
at
th
e
s
tag
e
o
f
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
in
s
en
io
r
y
ea
r
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wo
r
d
s
lear
n
e
d
in
class
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
s
en
s
e
o
f
a
cc
o
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
an
d
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
th
at
is
,
E
SP
teac
h
er
s
c
an
lead
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lear
n
m
o
r
e
ab
o
u
t
E
n
g
lis
h
w
o
r
d
s
r
ath
e
r
th
a
n
g
r
am
m
ar
.
A
ctu
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
also
s
aid
:
“I
r
ea
lly
en
jo
y
a
r
elax
in
g
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e.
”,
wh
ich
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
s
ay
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
C
,
D
,
an
d
H.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
teac
h
er
-
r
elat
ed
m
o
tiv
atio
n
p
la
y
s
th
e
b
i
g
g
e
s
t
p
ar
t.
Stu
d
en
ts
h
o
p
e
t
o
b
e
r
elax
ed
an
d
h
ap
p
y
in
class
,
an
d
teac
h
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ate.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
’
s
p
er
s
o
n
ality
an
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
ar
e
g
o
o
d
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
f
o
r
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
E
SP
cla
s
s
.
Her
e,
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iews
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
lem
en
t to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
wh
ich
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ef
lec
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
v
iews.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
lig
h
ten
m
en
t
f
o
r
E
SP
teac
h
in
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
C
h
in
ese
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
is
n
o
t
as
g
o
o
d
as
th
at
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
C
h
in
ese
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
is
v
e
r
y
lik
e
ly
to
b
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
s
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
wh
o
ca
n
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
m
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
civ
e
to
b
o
o
s
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
E
SP
c
lass
an
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
o
d
el
in
E
SP
class
in
C
h
in
ese
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
esp
ec
ially
in
p
r
iv
ate
o
n
es
.
Als
o
,
b
o
th
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
E
SP
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
,
with
th
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
o
n
e
as
th
e
m
ain
m
eth
o
d
an
d
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
o
n
e
as
th
e
s
u
p
p
lem
en
t,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
a
n
d
en
lig
h
ten
m
en
t
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
L
2
lear
n
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ically
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
C
h
in
ese
ce
n
tr
al
an
d
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
m
a
p
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
licy
th
at
b
o
o
s
ts
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
E
SP
teac
h
i
n
g
,
an
d
C
h
in
ese
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
p
r
i
v
ate
o
n
es,
s
h
o
u
ld
estab
lis
h
p
r
o
p
er
E
SP
te
ac
h
in
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
ea
tu
r
ed
b
y
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
in
g
e
d
u
c
atio
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
b
o
th
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
s
u
r
v
ey
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
ter
v
iew
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
teac
h
er
-
r
elate
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
p
lay
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
E
SP
lear
n
in
g
.
B
ased
o
n
E
SP
lear
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ain
ly
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
lear
n
in
g
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
f
s
en
io
r
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
m
ajo
r
s
in
a
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
S
h
an
d
o
n
g
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
tu
d
en
ts
’
lea
r
n
in
g
mo
tiva
tio
n
in
E
n
g
lis
h
fo
r
s
p
ec
ific p
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
C
h
in
ese
u
n
ivers
ities
(
X
u
Gu
o
s
h
en
g
)
3409
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
m
ix
ed
an
al
y
s
is
,
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
ca
n
s
tim
u
late
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
o
tiv
atio
n
m
o
s
t
an
d
least
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
elp
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
er
s
o
f
E
SP
co
u
r
s
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
s
en
io
r
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
m
ajo
r
s
in
a
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
,
s
o
th
e
r
esu
lts
m
ay
b
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
o
th
er
s
tag
es
(
ju
n
io
r
s
,
s
o
p
h
o
m
o
r
es,
f
r
esh
m
en
)
i
n
s
tated
-
o
wn
ed
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
C
h
in
a.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
two
m
eth
o
d
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
f
o
r
E
SP
class
:
i)
c
r
ea
te
a
g
o
o
d
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
an
d
b
u
ild
a
h
a
r
m
o
n
io
u
s
teac
h
er
-
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lik
e
a
co
u
r
s
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ca
n
lear
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
is
co
u
r
s
e,
m
o
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
en
jo
y
th
e
co
m
f
o
r
t a
n
d
p
leasu
r
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t b
y
th
e
class
; a
n
d
ii)
t
h
e
teac
h
er
estab
lis
h
es
co
n
ten
t
o
f
m
o
d
er
ate
d
if
f
icu
lty
an
d
ass
ig
n
task
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
ate
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
Dif
f
icu
lt
co
n
ten
t
will
m
ak
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
e
el
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
class
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
task
s
m
ak
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
af
ter
class
,
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
will
p
ay
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
r
elax
ed
f
ee
li
n
g
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
E
SP
co
u
r
s
es,
an
d
th
ey
will
b
e
d
is
co
u
r
ag
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
r
h
ea
v
y
task
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
l
d
lik
e
to
ex
ten
d
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
th
ei
r
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
;
to
co
lleag
u
es
wh
o
p
r
o
v
id
ed
h
elp
in
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
;
an
d
to
L
iu
W
en
tao
,
a
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
in
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
B
asic
Su
b
jects,
wh
o
g
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
v
iews
am
id
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
an
d
ar
ticle
wr
itin
g
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
l
d
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
Kev
i
n
B
alch
in
,
th
e
P
h.
D
.
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
au
th
o
r
,
wh
o
p
o
in
t
ed
o
u
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
p
ap
er
a
n
d
g
av
e
s
o
m
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
in
th
e
wh
o
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
wh
e
r
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
r
k
also
g
r
ea
tly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
tr
ac
k
ed
th
e
wr
itin
g
o
f
t
h
is
ac
ad
em
ic
ar
ticle,
an
d
ev
e
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
f
o
r
it.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Z.
D
ö
r
n
y
e
i
,
T
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r:
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
sec
o
n
d
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
.
R
o
u
t
l
e
d
g
e
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
2
]
A
.
R
a
h
a
r
d
j
o
a
n
d
S
.
P
e
r
t
i
w
i
,
“
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
l
i
sh
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
L
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
re
(
J
ELI
T
A)
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
–
6
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
3
]
W
.
Li
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Th
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
i
mm
e
r
si
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
mes,
”
E
-
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
4
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
6
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
8
1
1
/
j
.
c
n
k
i
.
e
e
r
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
2
.
0
0
8
.
[
4
]
J.
Li
u
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
’
s
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
n
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
e
i
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
rs
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
5
–
9
7
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
9
6
9
/
j
.
i
s
sn
.
1
6
7
4
-
9
4
9
9
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
6
.
0
3
2
.
[
5
]
L.
Y
a
n
g
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
n
o
n
-
v
e
r
b
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
o
n
se
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
M
.
S
.
t
h
e
si
s
S
c
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