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Plan
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I
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Ma
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[9
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[
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1
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co
r
r
elatio
n
t
o
a
ca
d
em
ic
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t
[
7
]
.
Me
taco
g
n
itiv
e
h
elp
s
o
p
tim
ize
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
4
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
awa
r
en
ess
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t,
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
,
an
d
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lated
lea
r
n
er
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l,
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
]
.
Hen
ce
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
is
co
n
ce
p
t
s
in
ce
th
e
1
9
7
0
s
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
is
s
u
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia a
n
d
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
f
o
r
o
v
er
f
o
u
r
d
e
c
ad
es
[
7
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
As
th
e
s
p
ea
r
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
n
ee
d
to
m
a
p
ac
c
u
r
ately
to
o
b
tain
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
[
2
]
.
Valid
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
will
b
e
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
e
v
alu
atin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
id
e
n
tify
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
r
o
u
tin
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
L
ik
e
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tatem
en
t,
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
p
lay
s
an
ac
ti
v
e
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
er
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
lim
ited
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
i
n
p
h
y
s
ics.
On
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
is
th
e
lim
ited
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
in
g
-
b
ased
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
an
ess
en
tial
is
s
u
e
s
in
ce
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
q
u
ality
a
n
d
ad
v
an
c
em
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
y
in
g
p
h
y
s
ics
[
1
5
]
.
Qu
ality
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
p
lay
an
e
s
s
en
tial
r
o
le
in
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
r
esear
c
h
er
s
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
v
ar
io
u
s
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
awa
r
en
ess
.
A
m
o
n
g
th
em
ar
e
MA
I
,
J
r
.
MA
I
Ver
s
io
n
A
an
d
B
,
MM
C
I
,
MSS,
MI
T
,
AI
L
I
,
SMM
,
MSAS,
C
O
ME
GAM
,
F
ac
et
MA
I
,
a
n
d
MS
[
1
6
]
.
All
r
ep
o
r
ted
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ar
e
g
e
n
er
al.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
lead
to
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
l
v
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
Sp
ec
if
ic
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
to
o
ls
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
en
ess
th
at
is
d
ev
o
ted
to
t
h
e
f
iel
d
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics
ar
e
s
till
lim
ited
to
th
e
b
est
o
f
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
'
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
[
1
6
]
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
tar
g
eted
at
s
p
ec
if
i
c
m
ater
ials
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
T
aa
s
o
o
b
s
h
ir
az
i
an
d
Far
ley
[
1
1
]
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
2
4
-
ite
m
p
h
y
s
ics
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
in
v
en
to
r
y
(
PMI
)
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
em
-
s
o
lv
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
en
in
2
0
1
5
,
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
e
PMI
to
b
e
a
2
6
-
item
[
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
2
0
,
Hae
r
u
d
d
in
,
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
in
g
-
b
ased
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
(
4
3
-
item
)
.
PMI
s
h
o
ws
its
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
1
8
]
,
[
19]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
PMI
h
as
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ea
ch
m
ater
ial
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
in
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
(
f
r
ee
-
b
o
d
y
d
iag
r
am
).
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
ad
ap
ted
PMI
an
d
th
e
n
c
o
n
tex
tu
alize
d
it
o
n
h
ea
t
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
is
m
ater
ial
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
m
ater
ials
in
p
h
y
s
ics
an
d
o
th
er
s
cien
ce
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
f
ill
in
t
h
e
g
ap
s
o
u
tlin
ed
ea
r
lier
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
s
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
Hea
t
an
d
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
Me
taco
g
n
itio
n
Awa
r
en
ess
I
n
v
en
to
r
y
(
HeT
MA
I
)
as
a
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
to
o
l
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
co
n
f
ir
m
at
o
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
g
o
al,
we
ask
ed
th
r
ee
m
ain
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
1
)
Do
es
HeT
MA
I
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
o
v
er
all
m
o
d
el
f
it
?
2
)
Do
es
HeT
MA
I
h
av
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
al
id
ity
?
3
)
Do
es
HeT
MA
I
h
a
v
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
?
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Data
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
two
p
u
b
lic
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
u
s
ed
was
at
least
f
iv
e
tim
es
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
[
2
1
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
1
6
7
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
2
6
%
m
ale
an
d
7
4
%
f
em
ale
f
r
o
m
c
lass
XI
an
d
b
etwe
en
th
e
ag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
6
-
1
7
y
ea
r
s
(
Av
er
ag
e=
1
6
.
5
4
,
SD=0
.
6
9
)
wer
e
s
elec
ted
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
v
en
i
en
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
2
6
-
item
h
ea
t
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
e
n
ess
in
v
en
to
r
y
(
HeT
MA
I
)
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
y
s
ics
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
in
v
en
to
r
y
(
PMI
)
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
t
r
an
s
lated
b
y
E
n
g
lis
h
lectu
r
er
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ap
p
lied
lin
g
u
is
tics
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
en
m
o
d
if
ied
o
n
th
e
h
ea
t
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ater
ial
to
HeT
MA
I
.
T
est r
esu
lts
lim
ited
to
1
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
id
n
o
t sh
o
w
an
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
HeT
MA
I
.
HeT
MA
I
d
ef
in
es
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
awa
r
en
ess
in
p
h
y
s
ics
l
ea
r
n
in
g
o
n
h
ea
t
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ater
ial.
HeT
MA
I
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
6
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
n
am
ely
:
1
)
Kn
o
wled
g
e
o
f
co
g
n
itio
n
(
Ko
C
)
,
2
)
Plan
n
in
g
(
PL)
;
3
)
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
(
I
NFO)
;
4
)
M
o
n
ito
r
in
g
(
MO
N)
;
5
)
D
eb
u
g
g
in
g
(
DE
B
)
;
an
d
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Hea
t a
n
d
temp
era
tu
r
e
meta
co
g
n
itio
n
a
w
a
r
en
ess
in
ve
n
to
r
y:
A
co
n
fir
ma
to
r
y
… (
Mo
h
.
I
r
ma
S
u
ka
r
ela
w
a
n
)
391
E
v
alu
atio
n
(
E
VA)
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
'
r
esp
o
n
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
c
o
llected
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
1
(
Nev
er
)
t
o
5
(
Al
way
s
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Hea
t a
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
en
ess
in
v
en
to
r
y
N
o
.
S
t
a
t
e
me
n
t
My
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
1
2
3
4
5
Kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
(
K
o
C
)
1
I
a
m c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
a
b
o
u
t
m
y
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
2
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
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n
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a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
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r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
I
d
o
i
t
i
n
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
w
a
y
3
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
t
o
a
p
p
l
y
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s t
o
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
se
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms w
e
l
l
4
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
h
a
v
e
sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
g
o
a
l
s f
o
r
e
a
c
h
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
I
u
s
e
5
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
k
n
o
w
w
h
e
n
t
o
u
s
e
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
6
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
u
si
n
g
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
Pl
a
n
n
i
n
g
(
PL
)
7
I
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
a
b
o
u
t
w
h
a
t
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
a
s
k
b
e
f
o
r
e
I
st
a
r
t
e
d
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
8
B
e
f
o
r
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
a
l
l
t
h
e
e
ss
e
n
t
i
a
l
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
9
B
e
f
o
r
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
i
g
n
o
r
e
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
I
d
o
n
o
t
n
e
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
10
B
e
f
o
r
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
t
h
i
n
k
a
b
o
u
t
a
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
v
a
l
u
e
/
r
e
s
u
l
t
a
s t
h
e
a
n
sw
e
r
11
B
e
f
o
r
e
I
st
a
r
t
e
d
so
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms,
I
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
a
w
a
y
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
m
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
IN
FO)
12
I
d
r
e
w
a
f
r
e
e
-
b
o
d
y
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m I
w
a
s wo
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
13
I
u
se
t
h
e
f
r
e
e
-
b
o
d
y
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
t
o
h
e
l
p
m
e
so
l
v
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
14
I
d
r
a
w
t
h
e
f
r
e
e
-
b
o
d
y
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
t
o
h
e
l
p
me
s
o
l
v
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
15
I
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
f
r
e
e
-
b
o
d
y
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
(
M
ON
)
16
W
h
e
n
I
w
a
s s
o
l
v
i
n
g
p
h
y
si
c
s
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
a
sk
e
d
m
y
s
e
l
f
h
o
w
w
e
l
l
I
w
a
s
d
o
i
n
g
i
t
17
W
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
so
me
t
i
mes
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
h
o
w
w
e
l
l
I
a
m
d
o
i
n
g
18
W
h
i
l
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
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ms
,
I
a
sk
e
d
my
s
e
l
f
i
f
I
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
my
g
o
a
l
19
W
h
i
l
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
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ms
,
I
a
sk
my
s
e
l
f
a
t
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
i
mes
i
f
I
a
c
h
i
e
v
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d
m
y
g
o
a
l
D
e
b
u
g
g
i
n
g
(
D
E
B
)
20
I
a
sk
f
o
r
h
e
l
p
w
h
e
n
I
d
o
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
a
b
o
u
t
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
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ms
21
I
see
k
h
e
l
p
i
f
I
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
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e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
I
a
m
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
.
22
I
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s wh
e
n
I
f
a
i
l
e
d
t
o
s
o
l
v
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t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
E
V
A
)
23
A
f
t
e
r
so
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms,
I
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
c
h
e
c
k
e
d
m
y
a
n
s
w
e
r
24
I
c
h
e
c
k
e
d
m
y
w
o
r
k
a
g
a
i
n
a
f
t
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r
so
l
v
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g
t
h
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t
a
n
d
t
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m
p
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r
a
t
u
r
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p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
25
A
f
t
e
r
f
i
n
i
s
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
,
I
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
c
h
e
c
k
e
d
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
I
w
a
s d
o
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
26
A
f
t
e
r
so
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m,
I
l
o
o
k
e
d
b
a
c
k
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m t
o
se
e
i
f
m
y
a
n
sw
e
r
ma
d
e
se
n
se
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
illed
o
u
t
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
n
lin
e.
I
t
to
o
k
s
tu
d
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
1
5
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
D
ata
co
llectio
n
tim
e
was
ab
o
u
t f
o
u
r
wee
k
s
.
Stu
d
e
n
t
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
is
v
o
lu
n
ta
r
y
[
8
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
we
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
c
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
th
e
d
ata
t
h
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e.
W
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
with
d
r
aw
all
r
esp
o
n
s
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
g
iv
e
n
with
o
u
t
b
ein
g
s
u
b
ject
to
p
u
n
is
h
m
en
t.
All
d
ata
th
at
was
co
llected
w
as
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
I
B
M
SP
SS
2
3
.
T
h
e
L
is
r
el
8
.
8
0
p
r
o
g
r
am
w
as
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
HeT
MA
I
.
Via
th
e
Ma
x
im
u
m
L
ik
elih
o
o
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
d
ata
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
Facto
r
An
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
test
in
g
th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
[
2
3
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
v
alid
i
ty
o
f
HeT
MA
I
,
it
b
eg
in
s
with
test
in
g
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
'
s
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
an
d
ch
ec
k
in
g
t
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
r
esu
lt
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
o
d
el
f
it
test
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
Af
t
er
o
b
tain
in
g
a
g
o
o
d
o
v
er
all
m
o
d
el
f
it,
it is
co
n
tin
u
ed
b
y
test
in
g
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
ad
eq
u
ac
y
tes
t
u
s
ed
th
e
KM
O
-
MSA
an
d
B
ar
tlett's
T
est
o
f
Sp
h
er
icity
[
24
]
-
[
28]
.
T
h
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
i
s
m
et
if
t
h
e
KM
O
-
MSA
v
al
u
e
is
>
0
.
6
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
B
ar
tlett'
s
T
est
o
f
Sp
h
er
icity
<
0
.
0
5
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
ch
ec
k
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
t
-
v
al
u
e
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
f
ac
t
o
r
lo
ad
in
g
(
SF
L
)
o
f
ea
ch
item
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
v
al
u
e
is
ac
ce
p
ted
if
th
e
t
-
v
al
u
e
is
≥
1
.
9
6
o
r
p
r
ac
tically
≥
2
a
n
d
SF
L
≥
0
.
4
5
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
[
31]
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
m
o
d
el
f
it
test
was
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
it
in
d
ices
o
r
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
(
GOF)
[
3
1
]
,
[
32]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
ev
er
al
in
d
ice
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ass
ess
Go
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
Fit
in
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e
[
3
3
]
.
Sin
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
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n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
3
8
9
-
3
9
5
392
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
2
6
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
a
r
iab
les
with
1
6
7
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
th
e
GOF
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
HeT
MA
I
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
f
i
v
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
n
am
ely
: th
e
r
atio
b
e
twee
n
C
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
(
χ2
)
a
n
d
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
df
)
,
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
f
it in
d
ex
(
C
FI)
,
T
u
ck
er
L
ewis
in
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
s
q
u
a
r
e
r
esid
u
al
(
SR
MR)
an
d
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A)
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
f
it
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
i
s
m
et
if
a
v
alu
e
χ
2
/d
f
≤
3
.
0
0
,
C
FI
an
d
T
L
I
≥
0
.
9
5
,
SR
M
R
≤
0
.
0
8
a
n
d
R
MSE
A<
0
.
0
8
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
ex
p
r
o
v
id
es
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
h
o
w
well
th
e
s
ix
-
f
ac
to
r
HeT
MA
I
m
o
d
el
is
o
n
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
i
t
i
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l'
s
s
u
it
a
b
i
li
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
s
m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
d
i
c
es
a
n
d
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
le
s
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
HeT
MA
I
v
alid
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
an
d
d
is
cr
im
in
a
n
t
v
alid
ity
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
it
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
two
co
n
ce
p
t
s
is
th
e
s
am
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
alid
ity
is
ch
ec
k
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
r
ee
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
n
am
ely
:
1
)
Stan
d
ar
d
ized
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
(
SF
L
)
;
2
)
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
;
an
d
3
)
Av
e
r
ag
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
ex
tr
ac
te
d
(
AVE
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
alid
ity
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
g
o
o
d
if
SF
L
≥
0
.
4
5
,
C
R
≥
0
.
7
0
an
d
AVE
≥
0
.
5
0
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
is
us
ed
to
s
ee
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
wee
n
th
e
two
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
c
o
n
c
ep
tu
ally
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
it
y
is
f
u
lf
illed
if
th
e
AVE
esti
m
ate
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
s
q
u
ar
ed
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
two
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
[
2
1
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
al
p
h
a
s
u
ch
th
at
v
alu
es
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
7
0
in
d
icate
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
el
iab
ilit
y
[
3
5
]
wh
ile
th
o
s
e
ab
o
v
e
0
.
8
0
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
a
v
e
ex
ce
llen
t r
eliab
ilit
y
[
3
6
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
v
alid
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
en
ess
in
v
en
to
r
y
to
s
o
lv
e
h
ea
t
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
e
m
p
ir
ically
v
alid
ated
in
p
u
b
lic
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
s
in
g
1
6
7
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
3
.
1
.
Adequa
cy
o
f
s
a
m
ple size
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize'
s
ad
eq
u
ac
y
was
test
ed
u
s
in
g
KM
O
-
MS
A
an
d
B
ar
tlett
'
s
T
e
s
t
o
f
Sp
h
er
icity
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
C
FA
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
,
an
d
th
e
KM
O
-
MSA
v
alu
e
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
0
.
9
3
1
a
n
d
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
th
e
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
e
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
B
ar
tlett
'
s
T
es
t
o
f
Sp
h
er
icity
o
b
tain
ed
was
3
6
9
5
.
1
4
2
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
an
d
m
u
ch
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
two
v
alu
es,
HeT
MA
I
m
et
th
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
s
am
p
le
s
i
ze
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
C
FA
[
3
7
]
.
3
.
2
.
E
s
t
im
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
An
in
itial
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
esti
m
atio
n
r
esu
lts
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
-
v
alu
e
an
d
SF
L
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
s
u
it
ab
ilit
y
was
te
s
ted
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
was
a
n
o
t
t
-
v
alu
e
a
n
d
SF
L
v
alu
e
b
elo
w
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
t
-
v
al
u
e
is
7
.
6
2
(
PL3
)
a
n
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
is
1
5
.
3
0
(
I
NFO2
)
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
SF
L
v
alu
e
is
0
.
5
6
(
PL3
)
,
an
d
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
is
0
.
9
2
(
I
N
FO2
)
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
i
n
itial
an
aly
s
is
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
d
icate
an
o
f
f
en
d
i
n
g
esti
m
ate.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
v
er
all
f
it a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
HeT
MA
I
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tin
u
ed
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
in
itial a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
l
o
ad
esti
m
atio
n
r
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
el
K
o
C
PL
I
N
F
O
M
O
N
D
EB
EV
A
t
-
v
a
l
u
e
1
0
.
8
6
–
1
3
.
1
3
7
.
6
2
–
1
3
.
0
2
1
4
.
0
9
–
1
5
.
3
0
1
1
.
6
4
–
1
4
.
1
7
9
.
6
5
–
1
0
.
9
4
9
.
6
5
–
1
4
.
4
4
SFL
0
.
7
4
–
0
.
8
4
0
.
5
6
–
0
.
8
2
0
.
8
7
–
0
.
9
2
0
.
7
8
–
0
.
8
8
0
.
6
9
–
0
.
7
6
0
.
6
8
–
0
.
8
9
3
.
3
.
O
v
er
a
ll
m
o
del f
it
Fiv
e
in
d
ices
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
t
o
s
ee
th
e
o
v
er
all
f
it
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
χ2
/d
f
,
C
FI,
T
L
I
,
SR
MR,
an
d
R
MSE
A
u
s
u
ally
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
u
n
i
q
u
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
HeT
MA
I
m
o
d
el
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
ices
o
f
th
e
s
ix
co
r
r
elate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
HeT
MA
I
m
o
d
el
o
b
tain
ed
a
r
e
χ2
/d
f
=6
7
0
.
6
3
/2
8
4
=
2
.
3
6
,
C
FI=
0
.
9
7
,
T
L
I
=
0
.
9
7
,
SR
MR=0
.
0
6
,
an
d
R
MSE
A=
0
.
0
9
.
All
in
d
ex
e
s
,
ex
ce
p
t
R
MSE
A,
s
h
o
w
a
g
o
o
d
f
it
to
th
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
ar
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
R
MSE
A
in
d
ex
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
iter
ia,
t
h
e
SR
M
R
in
d
ex
ca
n
r
ep
lace
it
b
e
ca
u
s
e
b
o
th
ar
e
in
d
ices
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
b
ad
n
ess
o
f
f
it
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
[
2
1
]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
m
o
d
e
l
f
i
t
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
c
l
e
a
r
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
h
a
t
H
e
T
M
A
I
i
s
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
m
e
t
a
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
t
h
e
s
i
x
-
fa
c
t
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
[
8
]
.
3.
4.
Co
nv
er
g
ent
v
a
lid
it
y
T
h
e
d
ec
lar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
to
f
it
th
e
o
v
er
all
u
s
in
g
th
e
G
OF
in
d
ices
led
to
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct'
s
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
SF
L
cr
iter
ia
u
s
ed
was
0
.
4
5
c
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Hea
t a
n
d
temp
era
tu
r
e
meta
co
g
n
itio
n
a
w
a
r
en
ess
in
ve
n
to
r
y:
A
co
n
fir
ma
to
r
y
… (
Mo
h
.
I
r
ma
S
u
ka
r
ela
w
a
n
)
393
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
HeT
MA
I
La
t
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
(
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
's
a
l
p
h
a
)
C
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
t
v
a
l
i
d
i
t
y
SFL
CR
AVE
F
a
c
t
o
r
1
.
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
(
0
.
9
0
)
0
.
9
1
0
.
6
2
K
o
C
1
0
.
7
4
K
o
C
2
0
.
8
4
K
o
C
3
0
.
8
2
K
o
C
4
0
.
7
4
K
o
C
5
0
.
8
0
K
o
C
6
0
.
7
7
F
a
c
t
o
r
2
.
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
(
0
.
8
5
)
0
.
8
7
0
.
5
8
P
L1
0
.
8
2
P
L2
0
.
8
4
P
L3
0
.
5
6
P
L4
0
.
7
9
P
L5
0
.
7
6
F
a
c
t
o
r
3
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
0
.
9
4
)
0
.
9
4
0
.
8
0
I
N
F
O
1
0
.
9
1
I
N
F
O
2
0
.
9
2
I
N
F
O
3
0
.
8
8
I
N
F
O
4
0
.
8
7
F
a
c
t
o
r
4
.
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
(
0
.
9
0
)
0
.
9
0
0
.
7
0
M
O
N
1
0
.
7
8
M
O
N
2
0
.
8
2
M
O
N
3
0
.
8
8
M
O
N
4
0
.
8
6
F
a
c
t
o
r
5
.
D
e
b
u
g
g
i
n
g
(
0
.
7
8
)
0
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7
7
0
.
5
3
D
EB
1
0
.
6
9
D
EB
2
0
.
7
6
D
EB
3
0
.
7
4
F
a
c
t
o
r
6
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
0
.
8
9
)
0
.
8
9
0
.
6
7
EV
A
1
0
.
8
4
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A
2
0
.
8
9
EV
A
3
0
.
8
6
EV
A
4
0
.
6
8
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
's
a
l
p
h
a
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
i
t
e
m
i
s
0
.
9
6
S
F
L=
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
;
C
R
=
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
;
A
V
E
=
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
es
ti
m
ated
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
v
alu
es
ex
ce
ed
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
v
a
lu
es.
T
h
is
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
ea
n
s
ea
ch
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
v
ar
ia
b
le
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
co
r
r
elat
io
n
to
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
[
3
9
]
.
I
NF
O2
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
0
.
9
2
to
t
h
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
t,
an
d
PL3
h
as
th
e
lo
west
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
0
.
5
6
to
th
e
Plan
n
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct.
T
h
e
C
R
v
alu
e
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
v
ar
i
ab
le
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
an
d
th
e
AV
E
v
al
u
e
r
ef
lects
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
ian
ts
in
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
le
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct/laten
t
v
ar
iab
le
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
d
ata
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
C
R
an
d
AVE
v
alu
es
f
o
r
all
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ex
ce
ed
th
e
cr
iter
ia
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
C
R
v
alu
e
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
7
5
-
0
.
9
4
,
a
n
d
th
e
AVE
v
alu
e
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0.
52
-
0
.
8
0
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ts
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
ies
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
we
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
HeT
MA
I
h
as
s
u
f
f
icien
t
an
d
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
en
t v
alid
ity
.
3.
5
.
Dis
cr
im
ina
nt
v
a
lid
it
y
I
n
th
e
C
FA,
th
e
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
HeT
MA
I
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
AVE
est
im
ate
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
HeT
MA
I
d
is
c
r
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
all
th
e
e
s
tim
ated
A
VE
v
alu
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
an
th
e
s
q
u
ar
ed
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
.
T
h
is
is
an
in
d
icatio
n
o
f
a
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
in
HeT
MA
I
an
d
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
th
em
s
elv
es.
I
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
en
ce
th
at
th
e
HeT
MA
I
co
n
s
tr
u
cts ar
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
th
e
r
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
ali
d
ity
o
f
HeT
MA
I
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
0
.
6
2
a
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
0
.
5
7
0
.
5
8
a
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
0
.
4
4
0
.
3
4
0
.
8
0
a
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
0
.
5
3
0
.
5
6
0
.
4
1
0
.
7
0
a
D
e
b
u
g
g
i
n
g
0
.
5
6
0
.
5
2
0
.
3
2
0
.
3
4
0
.
5
3
a
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
5
3
0
.
5
7
0
.
4
2
0
.
5
7
0
.
4
2
0
.
6
7
a
a
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
(
A
V
E)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
3
8
9
-
3
9
5
394
3.
6
.
Relia
bil
it
y
R
eliab
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
s
co
r
e
o
n
an
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
r
test
is
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
es
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
[
3
9
]
.
HeT
MA
I
r
elia
b
ilit
y
was
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
th
e
lar
g
est
v
alu
e
was
f
o
u
n
d
with
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
at
0
.
9
4
wh
ile
th
e
lo
west
wa
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
with
Deb
u
g
g
in
g
at
0
.
7
8
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
f
o
r
th
e
to
tal
item
was
0
.
9
6
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
alu
es
(
>
0
.
7
0
)
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
HeT
MA
I
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
as a
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
to
o
l t
h
at
h
as a
d
eq
u
ate
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
ix
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
m
eta
co
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
h
ea
t
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ater
ial,
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
19]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
u
f
f
i
cien
t
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
HeT
MA
I
.
T
h
is
in
v
en
to
r
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
m
etac
o
g
n
itio
n
awa
r
e
n
e
s
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
to
s
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
r
wea
k
n
ess
es
in
u
s
in
g
tem
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
-
f
r
ee
d
iag
r
a
m
s
wh
en
s
o
l
v
in
g
b
lack
p
r
i
n
cip
le
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
u
s
e
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
[
8
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
lim
ited
t
o
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Valid
atio
n
o
f
i
n
v
en
to
r
ies
u
s
es
an
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
e
s
u
g
g
est
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
to
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
d
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
r
r
e
l
ig
io
n
-
b
ased
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
an
alter
n
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
R
asc
h
m
o
d
el
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
r
ev
iewin
g
h
o
w
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
item
s
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
ed
,
t
h
e
item
s
'
b
i
as
to
th
e
at
tr
ib
u
tes
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
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ased
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RE
F
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NC
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S
[1
]
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
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h
e
On
e
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rld
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c
h
o
o
l
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se
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u
c
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d
.
Ne
w Yo
rk
,
NY
:
Twe
lv
e
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
L.
M
.
M
e
n
d
e
z
Hin
o
j
o
sa
,
M
.
C.
Ro
d
ri
g
u
e
z
,
a
n
d
C.
A.
Ortiz
P
a
e
z
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
:
Ad
a
p
tati
o
n
o
f
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
S
tate
I
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
i
n
S
p
a
n
is
h
t
o
M
e
x
ica
n
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
S
tu
d
e
n
ts,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
9
,
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o
.
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,
p
p
.
4
1
3
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2
1
,
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n
.
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
S
riy
a
n
t
o
a
n
d
M
.
I.
S
u
k
a
re
law
a
n
,
“
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
o
f
P
r
o
fil
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts'
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
Aw
a
re
n
e
ss
i
n
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ph
y
sic
s E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
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l.
6
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.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
6
2
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
S
.
A.
Tac
h
ie,
“
M
e
ta
-
c
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
S
k
il
ls
a
n
d
S
trate
g
ies
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
:
H
o
w
t
h
is
He
l
p
s
Lea
rn
e
rs i
n
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
P
ro
b
lem
-
S
o
lv
in
g
,
”
Eu
r
a
sia
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
t
h
e
ma
ti
c
s,
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
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o
g
y
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
Y.
Co
şk
u
n
,
“
A S
tu
d
y
o
n
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
Th
i
n
k
i
n
g
S
k
i
ll
s o
f
Un
i
v
e
rsity
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
ra
i
n
in
g
S
tu
d
ies
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
8
-
4
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
F
.
Cu
b
u
k
c
u
,
“
M
e
tac
o
g
n
i
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
Clas
sro
o
m
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
-
S
o
c
.
Be
h
a
v
.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
5
9
-
5
6
3
,
2
0
0
9
.
[7
]
B.
Kim
,
B.
Z
y
ro
m
sk
i
,
M
.
M
a
ria
n
i,
S
.
M
.
Lee
,
a
n
d
J.
C.
Ca
re
y
,
“
Estab
li
sh
i
n
g
th
e
F
a
c
to
r
S
tr
u
c
tu
re
o
f
t
h
e
1
8
-
Item
Ve
rsio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Ju
n
i
o
r
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
Aw
a
re
n
e
ss
In
v
e
n
to
r
y
,
”
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
Eva
l
u
a
ti
o
n
in
Co
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n
se
li
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g
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
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me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
1
-
2
,
p
p
.
4
8
-
5
7
,
Ap
r.
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
G
.
Taa
so
o
b
sh
iraz
i,
M
.
Ba
il
e
y
,
a
n
d
J.
F
a
rley
,
“
P
h
y
sic
s
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
In
v
e
n
t
o
ry
P
a
rt
II:
Co
n
fi
rm
a
to
ry
F
a
c
to
r
An
a
ly
sis a
n
d
Ra
sc
h
An
a
ly
sis,
”
I
n
t
.
J
.
S
c
i
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
9
-
2
7
8
6
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
B.
Çe
ti
n
,
“
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
a
n
d
S
e
lf
-
Re
g
u
late
d
Lea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
P
re
d
icti
n
g
Un
i
v
e
rsity
S
tu
d
e
n
ts'
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
Ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
in
T
u
rk
e
y
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
ra
i
n
i
n
g
S
t
u
d
ies
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
A.
Zo
h
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
rz
il
a
i,
“
A
Re
v
iew
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
i
n
S
c
ien
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
C
u
rr
e
n
t
a
n
d
F
u
tu
re
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s,
”
S
t
u
d
ies
in
S
c
ien
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
1
6
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Hea
t a
n
d
temp
era
tu
r
e
meta
co
g
n
itio
n
a
w
a
r
en
ess
in
ve
n
to
r
y:
A
co
n
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ma
to
r
y
… (
Mo
h
.
I
r
ma
S
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ka
r
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w
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n
)
395
[1
1
]
G
.
Taa
so
o
b
sh
iraz
i
a
n
d
J
.
F
a
rle
y
,
“
Co
n
str
u
c
t
Va
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
h
y
sic
s
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
I
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
4
7
-
4
5
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
L.
M
ih
a
lca
,
C.
M
e
n
g
e
l
k
a
m
p
,
a
n
d
W.
S
c
h
n
o
tz,
“
Ac
c
u
ra
c
y
o
f
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
ju
d
g
m
e
n
ts
a
s
a
m
o
d
e
ra
to
r
o
f
lea
rn
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
in
p
ro
b
lem
-
so
lv
i
n
g
tas
k
s
,
”
M
e
t
a
c
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
5
7
-
3
7
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
G
.
M
.
Ha
rriso
n
a
n
d
L.
M
.
Va
ll
in
,
“
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
th
e
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
v
e
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
in
v
e
n
t
o
ry
u
si
n
g
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
fa
c
to
r
-
stru
c
tu
re
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
”
M
e
ta
c
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
15
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
M
.
As
y
'
a
ri,
M
.
I
k
h
sa
n
,
a
n
d
M
u
h
a
l
i,
“
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
in
q
u
ir
y
lea
rn
in
g
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
imp
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
tea
c
h
e
rs'
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
a
n
d
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
I
n
s
tru
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
M
.
T.
H.
Ch
i
,
“
Two
Ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
to
th
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
E
x
p
e
rts'
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
,
”
in
K.
A.
Eri
c
ss
o
n
,
R.
R
.
Ho
ffm
a
n
,
A.
Ko
z
b
e
lt
,
a
n
d
A.
M
.
Wi
ll
iam
s,
E
d
s.
,
T
h
e
Ca
mb
ri
d
g
e
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Exp
e
rtise
a
n
d
Exp
e
rt
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
3
0
.
[1
6
]
K.
Cra
ig
,
D.
Ha
le,
C.
G
r
a
in
g
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
E.
S
tew
a
rt,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
se
lf
-
re
p
o
r
ts
:
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
iew
s
o
f
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
se
lf
-
re
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o
rt
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n
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
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v
e
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
M
e
ta
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
a
n
d
L
e
a
r
n
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
2
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
7
]
H.
Ha
e
ru
d
d
in
,
Z.
K.
P
ra
se
ty
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
p
a
h
a
r,
“
Th
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
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a
m
e
tac
o
g
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o
n
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n
stru
m
e
n
t
fo
r
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o
l
leg
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
to
s
o
lv
e
p
h
y
sic
s p
ro
b
lem
s
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
I
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
6
7
-
7
8
2
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
Z.
K.
Ün
l
ü
a
n
d
İ.
Dö
k
m
e
,
“
Ad
a
p
tatio
n
o
f
p
h
y
sic
s
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
to
Tu
r
k
ish
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Asse
ss
me
n
t
T
o
o
ls i
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
3
7
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
Ha
e
ru
d
d
in
,
Z
.
K.
P
ra
se
ty
o
,
S
u
p
a
h
a
r,
E.
S
e
sa
,
a
n
d
G
.
Lem
b
a
h
,
“
P
sy
c
h
o
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
stru
c
t
u
ra
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
sic
s m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
i
n
stru
m
e
n
t
,
”
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
R
e
s
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
-
2
2
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
0
]
I.
Ay
k
u
tl
u
,
S
.
Be
z
e
n
,
a
n
d
C.
Ba
y
ra
k
,
“
An
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
ig
h
sc
h
o
o
l
stu
d
e
n
ts'
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
stru
c
tu
re
s
o
f
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
th
ro
u
g
h
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
m
a
p
s
,
”
AIP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
4.
[2
1
]
J.
F
.
Ha
ir
,
W
.
C.
Blac
k
,
B.
J.
B
a
b
in
,
a
n
d
R.
E.
An
d
e
rso
n
,
M
u
lt
i
v
a
ria
te
Da
ta
An
a
lys
is
,
7
th
e
d
.
B
rit
ish
:
P
e
a
rso
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
L
imited
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
S
.
W.
H
u
c
k
,
Rea
d
in
g
S
t
a
ti
stics
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
6
th
e
d
.
B
o
sto
n
:
P
e
a
rs
o
n
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
J.
S
y
a
h
f
it
ri,
H
.
F
irma
n
,
S
.
Re
d
jek
i,
a
n
d
S
.
S
ri
y
a
ti
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
ri
ti
c
a
l
th
i
n
k
in
g
d
isp
o
si
ti
o
n
tes
t
in
b
io
l
o
g
y
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
I
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
8
1
-
3
9
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
Y.
-
J.
S
o
n
a
n
d
M
.
H.
W
o
n
,
“
P
sy
c
h
o
m
e
tri
c
Va
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Ko
re
a
n
Ve
rsio
n
o
f
t
h
e
9
-
I
tem
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
He
a
rt
F
a
il
u
re
S
e
lf
-
Ca
re
Be
h
a
v
io
u
r
S
c
a
le,
”
Eva
lu
a
ti
o
n
&
th
e
He
a
lt
h
Pr
o
fes
sio
n
s
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
33
-
40
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
1
6
3
2
7
8
7
1
8
8
1
7
9
4
6
.
[2
5
]
G
.
M
o
d
a
rre
si
a
n
d
E.
Ja
v
a
n
,
“
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
o
re
ig
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lea
rn
e
rs'
d
ro
p
o
u
t
q
u
e
s
ti
o
n
n
a
ire
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
-
4
4
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
G
.
G
ü
rk
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
Ka
h
ra
m
a
n
,
“
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
a
tt
it
u
d
e
sc
a
le
t
o
m
e
a
su
re
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
to
wa
rd
s
o
rg
a
n
tran
s
p
lan
tati
o
n
a
n
d
d
o
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
re
se
rv
ice
tea
c
h
e
rs,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
a
lt
ic S
c
ie
n
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
5
-
1
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
J.
Ap
p
ian
in
g
a
n
d
R.
N.
Va
n
Eck
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Va
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Va
l
u
e
-
Ex
p
e
c
tan
c
y
S
T
EM
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
S
c
a
le
fo
r
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts i
n
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
T
E
M
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
16
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
E.
Ad
'
h
i
y
a
a
n
d
E.
W.
Lak
so
n
o
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
in
str
u
m
e
n
t
t
o
a
ss
e
ss
stu
d
e
n
ts'
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
th
i
n
k
in
g
sk
il
ls i
n
c
h
e
m
ica
l
li
tera
c
y
,
”
I
n
t
.
J
.
I
n
str
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
5
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
R.
L.
Wo
r
th
i
n
g
t
o
n
a
n
d
T.
A.
Wh
i
tt
a
k
e
r,
“
S
c
a
le
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Re
se
a
rc
h
:
A
Co
n
ten
t
An
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
Be
st P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s,
”
T
h
e
Co
u
n
se
li
n
g
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
ist
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
0
6
-
8
3
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
0
]
R.
B.
Kli
n
e
,
Prin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
o
f
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
4
th
e
d
.
Ne
w
Yo
r
k
:
T
h
e
G
u
il
fo
rd
P
re
ss
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
S
e
ty
o
H
.
Wi
ja
n
to
,
S
tru
c
tu
r
a
l
E
q
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
wit
h
L
isre
l
8
.
8
:
Co
n
c
e
p
ts
a
n
d
T
u
t
o
ria
ls
,
1
st
e
d
.
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta:
G
ra
h
a
Ilmu
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
2
]
M
.
Ha
n
i
fa
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
C
o
n
firm
a
to
ry
F
a
c
to
r
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
n
P
rima
ry
S
c
h
o
o
l
S
tu
d
e
n
ts'
En
e
rg
y
S
a
v
in
g
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
u
rk
ish
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
3
]
S
.
A.
Ch
a
m
b
e
rli
n
,
A.
D.
M
o
o
re
,
a
n
d
K.
P
a
r
k
s,
“
Us
in
g
Co
n
f
irma
to
ry
F
a
c
t
o
r
An
a
ly
sis
t
o
Va
li
d
a
te
t
h
e
Ch
a
m
b
e
rli
n
Affe
c
ti
v
e
In
stru
m
e
n
t
fo
r
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
P
ro
b
lem
S
o
l
v
in
g
wit
h
Ac
a
d
e
m
ica
ll
y
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts,
”
Br
it
ish
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
8
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
2
-
4
3
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
7
.
[3
4
]
Y.
M
.
Lee
,
J.
-
E.
S
o
n
g
,
C.
P
a
rk
,
a
n
d
Y.
-
J.
S
o
n
,
“
P
sy
c
h
o
m
e
tri
c
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Ko
re
a
n
Ve
rsio
n
o
f
P
a
ti
e
n
t
-
Ce
n
tere
d
Ca
re
S
c
a
le fo
r
Ho
sp
it
a
l
N
u
rse
s,
”
Eva
lu
a
ti
o
n
&
t
h
e
He
a
lt
h
Pro
fes
si
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
4
4
-
3
6
5
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
8
.
[3
5
]
J.
P
a
ll
a
n
t,
S
P
S
S
s
u
rv
iva
l
ma
n
u
a
l
:
A
ste
p
b
y
ste
p
g
u
id
e
to
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
ly
sis u
sin
g
S
P
S
S
,
4
th
e
d
.
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
6
]
D.
F
.
P
o
li
t
a
n
d
C.
T.
Be
c
k
,
N
u
r
sin
g
re
se
a
rc
h
:
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
n
d
a
ss
e
ss
in
g
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
fo
r
n
u
rs
in
g
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
,
1
0
t
h
e
d
.
P
h
il
a
d
e
l
p
h
ia:
Wo
lt
e
rs Kl
u
we
r,
2
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A.
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.
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[3
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ü
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[3
9
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L.
R.
P
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,
Psy
c
h
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tric M
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s: T
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to
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[4
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T.
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Ne
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NY
:
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1
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.
[4
1
]
W.
S
u
m
in
t
o
n
o
,
Ba
m
b
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d
Wi
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o
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sc
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me
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t
.
Cim
a
h
i:
Tri
m
Ko
m
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n
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k
a
ta,
2
0
1
5
.
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