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Dae
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[
1
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.
U
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f
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ately
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f
r
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th
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d
ata,
I
n
d
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co
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k
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[
2
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wh
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in
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liter
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attain
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Ab
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228
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ir
e
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[
3
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.
I
n
th
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last
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m
ed
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liter
ac
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u
ca
tio
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ajo
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o
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t
wester
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tr
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in
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ev
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in
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tu
d
en
ts
'
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ills
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
m
ed
ia
lan
g
u
ag
e
[
4
]
.
B
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av
in
g
g
o
o
d
r
ea
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in
g
ab
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,
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tu
d
e
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t
is
ex
p
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ted
to
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ax
im
ize
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e
s
k
ills
cr
itically
an
d
c
r
ea
tiv
el
y
,
f
o
llo
win
g
s
o
cial
em
p
ath
y
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
5
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
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ap
p
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p
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iately
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tili
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ac
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in
d
is
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-
p
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ch
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[
6
]
,
with
liter
ac
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m
o
v
em
en
ts
in
s
t
illed
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
am
es.
A
lis
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an
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W
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y
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ep
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ted
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at
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p
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en
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m
en
t w
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h
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p
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itiv
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im
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ac
t o
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s
tu
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en
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’
lear
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in
g
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
o
f
s
cien
tific
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
aim
e
d
at
en
h
an
ci
n
g
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
h
as
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
ev
er
y
citizen
to
h
av
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b
asic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
n
atu
r
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f
s
cien
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th
r
o
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h
ac
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p
a
r
ticip
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[
8
]
.
Ho
wev
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t
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as
p
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y
m
o
v
em
en
t,
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
its
s
cien
tific
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
HOT
S
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
e
x
ec
u
ted
b
y
all
teac
h
er
s
ap
p
ly
in
g
K
-
1
3
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
o
b
s
tacle
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
Al
M
u
jah
id
in
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
i
y
ah
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l,
w
h
ich
is
a
lead
in
g
I
s
lam
ic
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
lear
n
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
wo
r
s
h
ip
co
n
d
u
cted
with
s
in
ce
r
ity
,
p
u
r
e
in
te
n
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
ab
it
to
a
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
est
g
en
er
atio
n
k
h
o
ir
u
u
m
ma
h
.
Fo
r
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
ev
e
r
y
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
,
in
clu
d
in
g
liter
ac
y
,
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
u
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
ly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
two
-
y
ea
r
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
wh
ich
b
eg
a
n
i
n
2
0
1
7
h
as
s
o
f
ar
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
r
u
n
n
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
liter
ac
y
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
er
e
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
in
t
er
est
at
th
i
s
s
ch
o
o
l.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
s
till
f
o
cu
s
es
a
lo
t
o
n
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
wr
itin
g
th
at
o
th
er
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
e
n
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
a
d
ig
ital,
n
u
m
er
al,
s
cien
tific
,
f
in
an
cial,
cu
ltu
r
al,
an
d
citizen
s
h
ip
n
ee
d
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
s
t
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
Al
Mu
jah
i
d
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
b
o
th
n
atio
n
ally
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
2
0
1
7
,
So
cial
s
itu
atio
n
im
p
lem
en
te
d
at
Al
Mu
jah
id
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Mid
d
le
S
ch
o
o
l
lo
ca
ted
in
J
alan
W
o
n
o
s
ar
i
-
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta
Km
.
0
5
,
L
o
g
an
d
e
n
g
,
Plu
m
b
o
n
Kid
u
l
,
L
o
g
an
d
e
n
g
,
Play
en
,
Sp
ec
ial
R
eg
io
n
o
f
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
I
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es,
n
am
ely
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
p
lan
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
two
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
Ap
r
il
2
0
1
7
/2
0
1
8
,
with
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
s
ev
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
n
am
ely
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
wr
itin
g
d
aily
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
an
d
m
ee
tin
g
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
g
r
am
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
g
iv
in
g
liter
ac
y
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
r
e
v
iewin
g
,
co
m
p
o
s
in
g
,
etc.
,
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
R
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
b
y
th
e
liter
ac
y
team
ev
er
y
s
em
ester
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
an
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
,
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t,
c
o
s
ts
in
cu
r
r
ed
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
f
ac
ed
,
an
d
clo
s
u
r
e,
with
r
eg
u
lar
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
b
y
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
th
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Sch
o
o
l L
iter
ac
y
Mo
v
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
.
Sam
p
lin
g
in
th
is
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
n
o
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
with
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
th
at
is
to
o
b
tain
d
ata
with
ce
r
tain
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
ata
o
b
ta
in
ed
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
s
tr
ateg
i
es
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
co
m
m
en
ts
,
id
ea
s
,
liter
atu
r
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
,
u
s
e
o
f
m
etap
h
o
r
s
,
an
d
an
alo
g
ies.
T
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
was
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
with
d
escr
ip
tiv
q
u
alitativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
ata
u
s
in
g
wo
r
d
s
,
p
h
r
ases
,
clau
s
es,
a
n
d
s
en
ten
ce
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
was
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
an
al
y
ze
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
-
an
aly
ti
ca
l
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
e
cr
e
d
ib
ilit
y
test
u
s
es
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es with
p
ee
r
s
an
d
m
e
m
b
er
ch
ec
k
s
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Ag
u
s
Su
r
o
y
o
as
th
e
p
r
in
cip
a
l
in
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
ex
p
lain
s
,
t
h
at
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wer
e
a
co
n
ce
r
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
wo
u
l
d
af
f
ec
t th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
Dev
elo
p
i
n
g
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
ts
m
ea
n
s
in
v
esti
n
g
in
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
So
m
e
p
r
in
cip
als
ac
tin
g
as
co
o
r
d
i
n
ato
r
s
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
in
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
av
e
n
o
t
f
u
lly
u
tili
ze
d
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
attac
h
ed
to
its
u
s
ag
e.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
ac
ed
ar
e
th
e
lack
o
f
liter
ac
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
co
llected
in
th
e
lib
r
ar
ies
b
y
p
r
in
cip
als,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
s
taf
f
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
as
well
as
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
o
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
jo
u
r
n
als
o
r
b
o
o
k
s
to
b
e
r
ea
d
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
en
d
,
t
h
e
teac
h
er
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
f
lu
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
in
a
n
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
tly
ad
ju
s
ted
to
s
u
it
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
teac
h
er
s
g
en
er
ally
d
o
n
o
t
f
o
llo
w
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
v
er
b
atim
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
ac
ti
ce
in
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Lit
era
tio
n
mo
ve
men
t fo
r
lea
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
:
B
est p
r
a
ctice
…
(
Z
a
lik
N
u
r
ya
n
a
)
229
m
ak
e
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
r
e
ex
p
l
icit,
an
d
ass
u
m
in
g
th
e
teac
h
e
r
k
n
o
ws
th
at
s
o
m
et
h
in
g
wo
r
k
s
,
th
ey
will
h
av
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
o
u
t d
is
tu
r
b
in
g
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
[
1
1
]
.
W
h
en
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
s
ev
e
r
al
cr
ea
ti
v
e
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wer
e
d
is
co
v
er
ed
.
T
h
e
L
iter
ac
y
Mo
v
em
en
t
s
tar
ted
with
a
1
5
-
m
in
u
te
r
ea
d
in
g
ac
ti
v
ity
in
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
.
I
n
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
it sh
o
wed
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
ea
d
in
g
in
ter
est.
T
ab
le
1
E
x
p
lain
a
b
o
u
t
d
ata
o
n
th
e
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
m
o
s
t
b
o
o
k
r
ea
d
er
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
ep
o
r
t
o
n
Ach
iev
em
en
t
o
f
th
is
s
ch
o
o
l
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
6
th
an
n
iv
er
s
ar
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
em
ester
o
f
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
L
iter
ac
y
Mo
v
em
en
t
f
o
r
2
0
1
8
/2
0
1
9
Ac
ad
em
ic
Yea
r
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
First,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
lib
r
ar
y
v
is
it
r
ea
ch
es
2
,
8
6
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
m
o
n
th
,
1
1
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
ev
er
y
d
ay
b
y
with
2
5
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ay
s
p
er
m
o
n
t
h
an
d
3
6
.
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
t
h
e
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er
a
g
e
b
o
o
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len
d
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g
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er
m
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th
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h
es
3
6
3
b
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ea
d
in
1
s
em
ester
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Data
o
n
av
er
a
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
m
o
s
t b
o
o
k
r
e
ad
er
s
in
1
st
s
em
ester
Al
Mu
jah
id
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l Stu
d
e
n
ts
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
o
f
2
0
1
8
/2
0
1
9
C
l
a
s
s
T
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
re
a
d
Mo
s
t
b
o
o
k
re
a
d
e
rs
C
l
a
s
s
7
A
3
8
C
l
a
s
s
7
B
3
8
C
l
a
s
s
7
C
3
8
C
l
a
s
s
7
D
7
12
C
l
a
s
s
7
E
6
20
C
l
a
s
s
8
A
3
10
C
l
a
s
s
8
B
2
10
C
l
a
s
s
8
C
5
11
C
l
a
s
s
8
D
4
9
C
l
a
s
s
9
A
3
11
C
l
a
s
s
9
B
6
9
C
l
a
s
s
9
C
5
10
C
l
a
s
s
9
D
9
30
Mu
jah
id
in
Ma
g
z
was
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
in
d
ig
ital
m
ag
az
in
es
an
d
h
a
s
also
wo
n
1
s
t
p
lace
in
C
o
n
test
at
DI
Y
Pro
v
in
ce
OL
YM
PICAD.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
th
is
s
ch
o
o
l
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
e
Aca
d
em
ic
Su
p
er
v
is
io
n
Ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
a
g
o
o
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
its
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
r
e
lated
to
m
o
v
em
en
t
in
clu
d
e:
f
ir
s
t,
1
s
t
p
lace
in
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
Ma
g
az
i
n
e
co
m
p
e
titi
o
n
in
th
e
DI
Y
Pro
v
in
ce
OL
YM
PICAD
co
m
p
etitio
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
1
s
t
p
lace
at
SMP/MT
s
L
ib
r
ar
y
C
o
m
p
eti
tio
n
in
Gu
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
W
in
n
er
o
f
C
lass
Actio
n
R
esear
ch
C
o
m
p
etitio
n
o
n
b
eh
alf
o
f
Mu
h
E
r
wan
s
y
ah
,
M.
Ps
i
in
2
0
1
9
Natio
n
al
Oly
m
p
iad
f
o
r
T
alen
ted
T
e
ac
h
er
an
d
Stu
d
e
n
t
C
o
m
p
etitio
n
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
th
e
W
in
n
er
o
f
DI
Y
Pro
v
in
ce
'
s
Ki
Haja
r
L
ea
r
n
in
g
Mo
b
ile
A
p
p
licatio
n
C
o
n
test
o
n
b
e
h
alf
o
f
Han
asto
,
S.Pd
.
I
,
M.
S.I
a
n
d
Ag
u
s
Su
r
o
y
o
,
M.
Pd
.
I
.
Fifth
,
3
r
d
p
lace
in
C
lass
Actio
n
R
es
ea
r
ch
at
Pro
v
in
cial
L
ev
el
Oly
m
p
icad
.
Six
th
,
r
u
n
n
er
u
p
in
th
e
W
r
itin
g
C
o
m
p
etitio
n
o
f
Mi
d
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
T
ea
ch
er
Fo
r
u
m
at
th
e
Gu
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l
R
eg
en
cy
i
n
2
0
1
8
.
I
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t,
th
is
s
ch
o
o
l
ap
p
o
in
ted
s
ev
er
al
teac
h
er
s
as
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
an
ag
er
s
,
n
am
ely
,
C
o
o
r
d
in
ato
r
o
f
R
ea
d
in
g
an
d
W
r
itin
g
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
E
k
a
Su
s
ila,
S.Pd
.
,
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
ato
r
o
f
Scien
ce
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
Om
in
ia
Pra
tam
a
,
S.Pd
,
C
o
o
r
d
in
ato
r
o
f
Dig
ital
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
Han
asto
,
S.Pd
.
I
,
M.
S.I
,
C
o
o
r
d
in
at
o
r
o
f
Nu
m
er
atio
n
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
Ar
i
E
r
n
awa
ti,
S.Pd
.
,
C
o
o
r
d
in
ato
r
o
f
Fin
an
cial
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
R
iast
u
ti
Pu
s
p
an
d
ar
i,
S.Pd
.
,
an
d
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
ato
r
o
f
C
u
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
C
itizen
s
h
ip
L
iter
ac
y
b
y
Ar
y
ati
Pu
s
p
itas
ar
i,
S.Pd
.
T
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
d
esig
n
ed
s
ev
er
al
p
u
b
lic
f
ac
ilit
ies
an
d
co
r
n
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
wr
itin
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n
u
m
b
er
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o
b
le
v
al
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
f
lo
o
r
s
tair
s
,
as in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
iter
ac
y
lad
d
e
r
an
d
p
ain
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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I
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t.
J
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al
.
&
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Vo
l.
9
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230
3
.
1
.
A
re
s
urg
ence
in inte
re
s
t
a
nd
m
o
t
iv
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
s
k
ills
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
asp
ec
ts
wer
e
in
tellig
en
ce
q
u
o
tien
t,
em
o
tio
n
al,
an
d
m
o
r
al
in
tellig
en
ce
.
I
t
also
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
a
n
d
v
ir
tu
o
u
s
,
r
ea
d
in
g
cu
ltu
r
e
also
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
civ
ic
in
tellig
en
ce
[
1
3
,
14]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
ly
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
e
n
t,
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
el
y
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
p
la
n
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
An
o
t
h
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
a
r
en
ts
with
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
on
liter
ac
y
cu
lt
u
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
an
d
a
b
o
o
k
d
o
n
at
ed
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
r
o
m
p
ar
e
n
ts
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
u
b
lic
in
ter
est
in
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
1
0
m
i
n
u
tes
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
h
o
u
r
less
o
n
an
d
o
t
h
er
tim
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
3
0
m
in
u
tes
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
o
n
Frid
a
y
[
1
7
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
ev
er
al
o
b
s
tacle
s
em
er
g
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
n
o
clea
r
g
u
id
an
ce
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
its
tech
n
ical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
lack
o
f
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
its
s
u
cc
es
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
n
atio
n
al,
an
d
in
ter
n
ati
o
n
al
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
1
,
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
r
ea
d
in
g
in
ter
est.
B
es
id
es,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
it
,
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al
also
is
s
u
ed
s
p
ec
ial
in
ce
n
tiv
es
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
th
at
wr
o
te
class
r
o
o
m
ac
tio
n
r
esear
ch
an
d
b
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
is
also
ha
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
two
class
-
ac
tio
n
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
th
r
ee
b
o
o
k
s
wr
itten
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
alo
n
g
with
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
o
f
s
ix
p
a
p
er
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
,
n
am
el
y
,
“
A
ku
in
g
in
men
ja
d
i
r
emb
u
la
n
”
b
y
Dwi
R
iast
u
ti,
M.
Pd
,
Ma
r
y
am
b
y
I
m
m
awa
ti
Fit
r
i
L
es
tar
i,
M.
Pd
,
“
B
u
ka
n
tu
to
r
ia
l
jilb
ab”
b
y
I
m
m
awa
tim
Fit
r
i
L
estar
i,
M.
Pd
,
“
A
p
lika
s
i
s
u
p
ervis
i
a
ka
d
emik
”
b
y
Han
asto
,
MSI
,
“M
ed
ia
p
e
mb
ela
ja
r
a
n
M
-
Lea
r
n
in
g
I
n
ter
a
ktif”
b
y
J
ak
a
Pra
y
itn
a,
S.Pd
.
I
,
an
d
C
o
u
p
le
s
b
o
o
k
f
o
r
Hu
s
b
a
n
d
an
d
W
if
e
b
y
N
u
r
I
s
wan
ti
Hasan
i,
M.
Pd
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
ese
w
o
r
k
s
d
o
n
o
t
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
A
g
u
s
Su
r
o
y
o
,
M.
Pd
.
I
an
d
M
u
h
E
r
wa
n
s
y
ah
,
M.
Ps
i
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
B
an
tu
l
d
is
tr
ict
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
as
an
ac
ad
em
ic
tex
t
i
n
m
ak
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
ac
tio
n
r
esear
ch
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Mu
h
am
m
ad
E
r
wan
s
y
ah
,
M.
Ps
i a
n
d
Diy
ah
Fit
r
iast
i K
h
o
ir
u
n
n
is
a,
S.Ps
i.
T
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
ts
an
d
wo
r
k
o
f
teac
h
er
s
r
elate
d
to
liter
ac
y
in
d
ir
ec
tly
h
a
v
e
a
n
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
car
r
ied
o
u
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
v
is
u
alize
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
wh
ich
in
ad
v
er
ten
tly
b
u
ild
s
th
eir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
liter
a
cy
s
k
ills
b
o
th
in
s
id
e
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
wh
ich
was
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
ap
p
o
in
tm
e
n
t
o
f
s
ev
er
al
teac
h
er
s
as
pr
o
g
r
am
co
o
r
d
in
at
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
o
in
tm
en
t
also
u
s
es
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
b
y
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
to
m
ap
teac
h
er
'
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ir
ca
p
ac
ity
[
1
9
]
.
3
.
2
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
s
cho
o
l lit
er
a
cy
m
o
v
em
ent
s
E
ar
ly
liter
ac
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
-
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
b
eg
in
s
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
s
o
f
life
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
I
n
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
a
lear
n
in
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
e
d
esig
n
ated
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
L
iter
a
cy
Mo
v
em
e
n
t.
I
t
is
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ef
f
o
r
t
in
v
o
lv
in
g
all
s
ch
o
o
l
m
em
b
er
s
,
n
am
ely
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ar
en
ts
/g
u
a
r
d
ian
s
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
as
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
le
2
e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
liter
ac
y
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Un
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
it
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t is th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
u
s
e
s
o
m
eth
in
g
in
tellig
en
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
ea
d
in
g
,
s
ee
in
g
,
lis
ten
in
g
,
wr
itin
g
,
an
d
/o
r
s
p
ea
k
in
g
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ph
ase
o
f
liter
ac
y
ac
ti
v
ities
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
P
h
a
se
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
H
a
b
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
1
G
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
1
5
-
mi
n
u
t
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
Mi
n
i
s
t
ry
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
u
l
t
u
r
e
N
u
m
b
e
r
2
3
i
n
2
0
1
5
)
.
−
1
5
mi
n
u
t
e
s
o
f
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
r
e
a
d
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g
−
D
a
i
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−
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t
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f
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−
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a
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x
t
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v
i
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n
me
n
t
−
C
h
o
o
si
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g
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a
d
i
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g
b
o
o
k
s
D
e
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
2
I
mp
r
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v
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l
i
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k
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t
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a
c
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v
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e
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t
o
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h
e
b
o
o
k
s.
−
1
5
mi
n
u
t
e
s
o
f
r
e
a
d
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g
−
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n
d
e
p
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t
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a
d
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s f
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l
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a
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−
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l
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−
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t
−
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Le
a
r
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3
I
mp
r
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v
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l
i
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r
a
c
y
s
k
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b
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k
s a
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t
r
a
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i
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n
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t
s
.
−
1
5
mi
n
u
t
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s
o
f
r
e
a
d
i
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g
−
U
se
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ss
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−
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−
A
c
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c
a
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−
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s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Lit
era
tio
n
mo
ve
men
t fo
r
lea
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
:
B
est p
r
a
ctice
…
(
Z
a
lik
N
u
r
ya
n
a
)
231
R
ef
er
en
ce
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
o
n
ly
two
jo
u
r
n
als,
n
i
n
e
ar
ticles,
an
d
1
2
b
o
o
k
s
s
p
o
k
e
ab
o
u
t
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
e
n
ts
,
with
6
0
b
o
o
k
s
s
o
ld
o
n
lin
e
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
en
co
u
r
a
g
es
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
with
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
u
ar
d
ed
b
y
all
p
ar
ties
.
I
t
is
also
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
g
o
o
d
citiz
en
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
Sh
o
r
t
s
to
r
ies
ar
e
th
e
b
est
m
a
te
r
ial
in
teac
h
in
g
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
also
u
s
e
e
-
liter
ar
y
tex
ts
as
a
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
m
ater
ial
n
ee
d
ed
[
2
4
]
.
On
th
is
b
asis
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
cr
ea
ted
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
ad
d
1
,
0
0
0
b
o
o
k
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
is
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
at
Al
Mu
jah
id
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t,
wh
ich
is
m
an
if
ested
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
wh
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
d
em
u
lated
b
y
o
th
er
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Scho
o
l
lite
ra
cy
mo
v
e
m
ent
pro
g
ra
m
T
h
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
liter
ac
y
i
n
clu
d
e
A
R
ea
d
in
g
R
ea
d
in
es
s
Per
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
An
E
m
e
r
g
en
t
L
iter
ac
y
,
A
Vy
g
o
ts
k
ian
Per
s
p
ec
tiv
e
[
2
5
]
,
Or
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
s
o
f
liter
a
cy
(
Sto
r
y
R
ea
d
in
g
,
Nu
r
s
er
y
R
h
y
m
es,
Oth
er
L
iter
a
cy
E
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
)
,
an
d
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
te
x
t
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ev
iew
t
h
e
th
e
o
r
y
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
o
r
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
I
t
also
d
e
v
elo
p
s
a
r
ea
d
in
g
th
eo
r
y
t
o
m
a
x
im
ize
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
ac
tiv
ity
[
2
7
]
.
L
in
d
a
a
d
d
ed
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
ts
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
n
am
ely
,
Desig
n
R
ea
d
in
g
I
n
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
B
ased
o
n
Prin
cip
les
o
f
Mo
tiv
atio
n
a
n
d
Ma
k
e
R
ea
d
in
g
R
elev
an
t
to
th
e
R
ea
l
W
o
r
ld
[
2
8
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
k
e
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
wh
ich
ap
p
ea
r
t
o
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
r
ea
d
ar
e
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
b
o
o
k
s
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
iti
es
to
s
elf
-
s
elec
t
th
em
,
f
am
iliar
ity
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
o
th
e
r
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
f
Al
Mu
jah
id
in
M
u
h
am
m
a
d
iy
ah
Mi
d
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
in
clu
d
es:
1
)
.
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
al
L
iter
ac
y
,
2
)
.
Nu
m
er
ical
L
iter
ac
y
,
3
)
.
Scien
tific
L
iter
ac
y
,
4
)
.
Dig
ital
L
iter
ac
y
,
5
)
.
Fin
an
cial
L
iter
ac
y
,
6
)
.
C
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
C
itizen
s
h
ip
L
iter
ac
y
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t in
b
u
ild
in
g
a
liter
ac
y
cu
ltu
r
e,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
m
o
r
als
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
al
liter
ac
y
is
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ills
to
r
ea
d
,
wr
ite,
s
ea
r
ch
,
b
r
o
wse,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
w
ell
as
to
an
aly
ze
,
r
esp
o
n
d
a
n
d
u
s
e
wr
itten
tex
ts
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
g
o
als,
d
e
v
elo
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tial,
an
d
to
p
a
r
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
o
c
i
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t a
t M
u
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
Al
Mu
jah
i
d
in
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l.
T
ab
le
3
.
L
iter
ac
y
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t a
t M
u
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
Al
Mu
jah
id
i
n
Mid
d
le
S
ch
o
o
l
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
N
o
.
B
a
se
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
1
C
l
a
s
s B
a
se
−
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
−
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
l
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ss
o
n
p
l
a
n
−
R
e
a
d
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c
o
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r
s f
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c
h
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a
b
l
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a
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d
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mm
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0
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r
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t
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k
a
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t
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v
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a
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h
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mm
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n
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t
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se
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u
b
m
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ssi
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f
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S
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/
p
r
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p
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sa
l
/
c
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p
e
r
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m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
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e
s
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
s
.
−
M
o
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
B
o
o
k
W
a
q
f
a
n
d
Li
t
e
r
a
c
y
I
n
f
a
q
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
s
u
itab
le
to
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
a
n
d
it
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
L
i
n
d
a
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
liter
ac
y
c
u
ltu
r
e
is
as sh
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
r
u
n
s
well
in
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
er
s
,
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
an
d
p
r
in
cip
als
s
h
o
u
ld
tr
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
m
o
v
em
e
n
t.
Nu
m
er
ical
liter
ac
y
is
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ill
to
u
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
a
n
d
s
y
m
b
o
ls
r
elate
d
to
b
asic
m
at
h
em
atics
to
s
o
lv
e
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
d
aily
liv
es.
Nu
m
er
ical
liter
ac
y
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ab
le
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
p
r
o
b
lem
,
to
u
s
e
lo
g
ic
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
a
p
r
o
b
lem
,
an
d
t
o
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
s
o
lv
e
a
p
r
o
b
lem
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
teac
h
e
r
q
u
al
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
m
ath
em
atics
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
[
3
2
]
.
I
t
a
n
aly
ze
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
i
s
p
lay
ed
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
(
g
r
ap
h
s
,
tab
les,
ch
ar
ts
,
etc.
)
,
an
d
u
s
es
th
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
r
esu
lts
to
p
r
ed
ict
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
also
tak
en
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
3
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
(
K1
3
)
.
Scien
ti
f
ic
liter
ac
y
is
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ills
to
id
en
tify
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
ew
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
th
at
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
r
aw
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
f
a
cts,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
h
ap
e
o
f
n
atu
r
e,
in
tellectu
al,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
as
well
as
th
e
willin
g
n
ess
to
b
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
-
2
3
3
232
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
e
d
o
n
s
cie
n
ce
-
r
ela
ted
is
s
u
es
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ci
en
tific
liter
ac
y
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
[
3
3
]
.
Dig
ital
L
iter
ac
y
is
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ill
to
u
s
e
d
ig
ital
m
ed
ia,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
to
o
ls
,
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
,
e
v
alu
atin
g
,
cr
ea
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
u
tili
zin
g
a
h
ea
lth
y
,
wis
e,
in
tellig
en
t,
ca
r
ef
u
l,
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
law
-
ab
id
i
n
g
m
an
n
er
to
f
o
s
ter
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
an
d
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
in
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
.
Fin
an
cial
liter
ac
y
is
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
to
ap
p
ly
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
r
is
k
s
.
I
t
is
a
s
k
ill
to
m
ak
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
in
th
e
f
in
an
cial
c
o
n
tex
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
its
well
-
b
ein
g
,
b
o
t
h
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
an
d
s
o
cially
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
cu
ltu
r
e
as
a
n
atio
n
al
i
d
en
tity
,
wh
ile
citizen
s
h
ip
liter
ac
y
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
r
i
g
h
ts
an
d
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
o
f
citizen
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
c
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
citizen
s
h
i
p
liter
ac
y
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
to
b
eh
av
e
to
war
d
s
th
eir
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
s
p
ar
t
o
f
a
n
atio
n
.
So
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
u
s
e
th
e
ter
m
6
C
tech
n
iq
u
e,
n
am
ely
,
co
lo
n
ialis
m
,
ca
p
italis
m
,
co
n
f
lict,
citizen
s
h
ip
,
an
d
co
n
s
cien
tio
u
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
is
m
to
in
s
till
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
civ
ic
liter
ac
y
[
3
4
]
.
I
ts
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
cu
ltu
r
al
p
o
ten
tial.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
en
g
ag
ed
r
ea
d
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
L
in
d
a
B
.
Gam
b
r
e
ll
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
h
eld
at
Al
-
Mu
jah
id
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
is
u
s
ed
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
th
i
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
i
n
o
th
er
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
t
is
h
ig
h
ly
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
with
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
p
lan
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
tis
e
o
f
p
r
in
cip
als
in
o
r
g
an
izin
g
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ap
p
r
ec
i
ated
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
en
ab
les
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
co
o
p
er
ate
with
p
ar
tn
er
s
b
o
th
at
h
o
m
e
an
d
ab
r
o
ad
.
T
h
e
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
th
e
r
ea
d
in
g
a
n
d
w
r
itin
g
s
tag
e,
b
u
t
in
o
th
er
liter
ac
y
s
u
ch
as
n
u
m
er
ical,
s
cien
tific
,
d
ig
ital,
f
in
an
cial,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
ci
tizen
s
h
ip
.
W
ith
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
its
p
r
ac
tices
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
te
n
d
s
ea
s
ily
co
m
p
ete
with
th
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
w
o
r
ld
.
W
h
en
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
liter
ac
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
is
p
r
o
p
er
ly
m
an
ag
e
d
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
,
it will h
av
e
a
tr
em
en
d
o
u
s
im
p
ac
t o
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
f
u
lly
s
u
p
p
o
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ted
b
y
th
e
De
p
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Ah
m
ad
Dah
lan
,
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
C.
S
ä
lze
r
a
n
d
N.
Ro
c
z
e
n
,
“
As
se
ss
in
g
g
lo
b
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
in
P
I
S
A
2
0
1
8
:
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
to
c
a
p
tu
ri
n
g
a
c
o
m
p
lex
c
o
n
stru
c
t,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
De
v
.
Ed
u
c
.
Glo
b
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
–
2
0
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
Ke
m
e
n
d
ik
b
u
d
,
Gu
i
d
e
to
sc
h
o
o
l
li
t
e
ra
c
y
mo
v
e
me
n
ts i
n
e
lem
e
n
ta
ry
sc
h
o
o
ls
(
in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
S
.
S
a
tri
a
n
a
wa
ti
a
n
d
W.
H.
F
u
,
“
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(E
S
D)
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
:
A
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
F
ra
m
e
wo
rk
,
”
In
t.
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
–
4
9
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
E.
Ba
b
a
d
,
E.
P
e
e
r,
a
n
d
R.
H
o
b
b
s
,
“
M
e
d
ia
li
tera
c
y
a
n
d
m
e
d
ia
b
ias
:
Are
m
e
d
ia
li
tera
c
y
stu
d
e
n
ts
les
s
su
sc
e
p
ti
b
le
to
n
o
n
v
e
rb
a
l
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
b
ias
e
s?
,
”
Psy
c
h
o
l.
Po
p
.
M
e
d
ia
Cu
lt
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
7
–
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
F
.
A.
S
.
S
i
h
a
lo
h
o
,
T
.
M
a
rto
n
o
,
a
n
d
A.
Da
e
r
o
b
i
,
“
Th
e
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
Li
tera
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
S
e
n
i
o
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
R
e
v
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
8
–
9
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Z.
Nu
ry
a
n
a
a
n
d
S
u
y
a
d
i,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Ba
se
d
o
n
Hi
d
d
e
n
Cu
rri
c
u
lu
m
a
t
th
e
Disa
ste
r
-
P
ro
n
e
S
c
h
o
o
l,
”
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
–
2
2
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Lit
era
tio
n
mo
ve
men
t fo
r
lea
d
in
g
s
ch
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o
ls
:
B
est p
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…
(
Z
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N
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r
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233
[7
]
A.
M
.
W
.
M
iel
o
n
e
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
Li
tera
c
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
lay
.
,
”
J
.
In
q
.
A
c
ti
o
n
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
–
4
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
H.
S
u
wo
n
o
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
li
tera
ry
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
:
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
fo
r
sc
ien
ti
fic
li
tera
c
y
,
”
Pa
p
.
Pre
se
n
t.
In
t
.
Co
n
f
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
p
p
.
3
0
9
–
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
E.
S
u
r
y
a
wa
ti
,
F
.
S
u
z
a
n
ti
,
S
.
S
u
wo
n
d
o
,
a
n
d
Y.
Yu
sti
n
a
,
“
Th
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
-
li
ter
a
c
y
-
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t:
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
sc
ien
ti
fic
li
tera
c
y
,
c
h
a
ra
c
ters
,
a
n
d
HO
TS
in
sc
ien
c
e
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
J
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
Bi
o
l
.
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
–
2
2
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
N.
Las
ti
n
in
g
sih
,
T.
C.
M
u
t
o
h
ir
,
Y.
Riy
a
n
t
o
,
a
n
d
T.
Y.
E.
S
iswo
n
o
,
“
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
sc
h
o
o
l
li
t
e
ra
c
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
(S
LM
)
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
in
in
d
o
n
e
sia
n
j
u
n
i
o
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
sc
h
o
o
ls,”
W
o
rld
T
ra
n
s.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
–
3
8
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
K.
L.
Wr
i
g
h
t,
A.
D.
F
ra
n
k
s,
L.
J.
Ku
o
,
E.
M
.
M
c
Ti
g
u
e
,
a
n
d
J.
S
e
rra
n
o
,
“
Bo
t
h
Th
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
:
S
c
ien
c
e
Li
tera
c
y
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
ries
o
f
Re
a
d
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
S
c
i.
M
a
th
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
5
–
1
2
9
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
A.
S
y
a
wa
lu
d
d
i
n
a
n
d
N.
N
u
rh
a
e
d
a
h
,
“
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
l
it
e
ra
c
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
(G
LS
)
o
n
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
l
it
e
ra
c
y
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
S
o
c
.
S
c
i.
H
u
ma
n
it
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
8
5
–
7
9
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
D.
Nu
r
u
l
Ai
n
i
a
n
d
S
a
p
riy
a
,
“
Re
a
d
in
g
Cu
lt
u
re
with
M
e
d
iu
m
G
e
li
s
Tree
(S
c
h
o
o
l
Li
tera
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t)
i
n
De
v
e
l
o
p
S
tu
d
e
n
ts’
Ci
v
ic I
n
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
,
”
In
t.
J
.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
5
2
3
-
5
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
C.
Lah
n
w
o
n
g
,
“
Th
e
F
ra
m
e
wo
rk
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
In
terp
re
tatio
n
o
f
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
Re
a
d
in
g
Li
tera
c
y
i
n
Tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
Lea
rn
in
g
Th
r
o
u
g
h
O
p
e
n
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
in
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
s: Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s
,
2
0
1
9.
[1
5
]
Z.
S
lam
,
“
G
e
ra
k
a
n
Li
tera
si
S
e
k
o
lah
Be
rb
a
sis
Wes
t
Ja
v
a
Lea
d
e
r’S
Re
a
d
in
g
C
h
a
ll
a
n
g
e
,
”
J
M
IE
(J
o
u
rn
a
l
M
a
d
ra
s
a
h
Ib
ti
d
a
iya
h
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
–
7
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
U.
S
h
o
la
h
u
d
in
,
L.
M
.
De
wi,
a
n
d
R.
E.
G
e
n
tari,
“
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Emp
o
we
rm
e
n
t
in
th
e
Li
tera
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
to
In
c
re
a
se
In
tere
st
in
Re
a
d
in
g
S
c
h
o
o
l
-
Ag
e
Ch
il
d
re
n
[P
e
m
b
e
rd
a
y
a
a
n
M
a
h
a
sis
wa
Da
la
m
G
e
r
a
k
a
n
Li
tera
si
Un
tu
k
M
e
n
in
g
k
a
t
k
a
n
M
in
a
t
Ba
c
a
An
a
k
Us
ia S
e
k
o
lah
]
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
Co
mm
u
n
it
y
De
v
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
E.
Erwi
n
sa
h
,
M
.
S
o
li
n
,
a
n
d
A.
A
d
isa
p
u
tera
,
“
Th
e
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
L
it
e
ra
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
Th
r
o
u
g
h
R
e
a
d
in
g
Ti
m
e
a
t
S
DIT
Ra
u
d
a
t
u
rra
h
m
a
h
P
e
k
a
n
b
a
ru
,
”
Bu
d
a
p
e
st I
n
t.
Res
.
Criti
c
s L
i
n
g
u
ist.
E
d
u
c
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
–
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
H.
S
o
e
p
ri
y
a
n
ti
,
“
Th
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
Li
tera
tu
re
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
Wes
t
Lo
m
b
o
k
Re
g
e
n
c
y
,
Wes
t
N
us
a
Ten
g
g
a
ra
P
ro
v
in
c
e
–
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
a
n
E
x
p
l
o
ra
to
r
y
S
tu
d
y
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
T
h
e
1
st
UR
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
7
8
–
9
7
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
Z.
Nu
r
y
a
n
a
,
“
Kn
o
wle
d
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
se
b
a
g
a
i
U
p
a
y
a
P
e
n
g
e
m
b
a
n
g
a
n
Lea
rn
in
g
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
d
i
Lem
b
a
g
a
P
e
n
d
i
d
ik
a
n
Isla
m
,
”
L
it
e
ra
si
J
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
–
2
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
T.
S
h
a
n
a
h
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
Early
Li
tera
c
y
S
k
il
ls:
A rep
o
rt
o
f
th
e
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
e
a
rly
li
tera
c
y
p
a
n
e
l,
”
2
0
0
8
.
[2
1
]
A.
P
e
ll
e
g
ri
n
i
a
n
d
L.
G
a
ld
a
,
“
Early
li
tera
c
y
,
”
in
T
h
e
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
-
B
a
se
d
L
it
e
ra
c
y
,
Ro
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
p
p
.
1
–
16
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
A.
Ah
m
a
d
i
a
n
d
B.
Yu
li
a
n
to
,
“
De
sc
rip
ti
v
e
-
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
stu
d
ies
o
f
li
tera
c
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
0
3
-
2
0
1
7
,
”
In
t.
J
.
H
u
ma
n
it
.
C
u
lt
.
S
t
u
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
–
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
A.
S
.
No
v
a
En
d
rian
i
,
M
u
tsy
u
h
it
o
S
o
li
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
h
o
rt
S
to
ry
Tex
t
Re
a
d
i
n
g
M
a
teria
l
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ch
a
ra
c
ter
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
s
A
S
c
h
o
o
l
Li
tera
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
M
a
teria
l
Of
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
Clas
s
IX
S
M
P
T
u
n
a
s
P
e
li
ta
Bi
n
ja
i,
”
In
t
.
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
De
v
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
7
1
–
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
D.
B.
P
.
S
e
ti
y
a
d
i,
“
E
-
li
tera
ry
Te
x
t
s: Rea
d
in
g
M
a
teria
ls f
o
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
L
it
e
ra
c
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t,
”
Kn
E
S
o
c
.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
5
3
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
A.
Co
ll
i
n
s
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ce
n
ter f
o
r
t
h
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Re
a
d
in
g
,
”
1
9
8
7
.
[2
6
]
B.
He
a
rn
,
“
Li
tera
c
y
a
n
d
re
a
d
in
g
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
A
re
v
iew
o
f
t
h
e
o
ries
a
n
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s,”
Ea
rly
C
h
i
ld
De
v
.
Ca
re
,
v
o
l.
8
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
–
1
4
6
,
1
9
9
3
.
[2
7
]
D.
A.
R.
Co
ste
ll
o
,
“
T
h
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
a
sc
h
o
o
l’s
li
tera
c
y
p
r
o
g
ra
m
o
n
a
p
rima
ry
c
las
sro
o
m
,
”
C
a
n
.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
9
–
8
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
8
]
L.
B.
G
a
m
b
re
ll
,
“
G
e
tt
in
g
S
tu
d
e
n
t
s Ho
o
k
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
Re
a
d
in
g
Ha
b
it
,
”
Rea
d
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
6
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
9
–
2
6
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
9
]
L.
B.
G
a
m
b
re
ll
,
“
Cre
a
ti
n
g
c
las
sro
o
m
c
u
lt
u
re
s
t
h
a
t
fo
ste
r
re
a
d
i
n
g
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Rea
d
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
–
2
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[3
0
]
I.
M
a
ry
a
n
i
,
I.
H.
P
ra
we
stri,
D.
S
u
li
sw
o
ro
,
S
.
Urb
a
y
a
t
u
n
,
S
.
S
u
y
a
tn
o
,
a
n
d
C
.
P
.
B
h
a
k
ti
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
ro
le
to
wa
rd
s e
lem
e
n
tary
sc
h
o
o
l
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
m
o
ra
l
a
n
d
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
li
tera
c
y
,
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
3
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
9
.
[3
1
]
U.
Zain
i
y
a
h
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
rsig
it
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
i
n
g
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
li
tera
c
y
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
so
lv
i
n
g
a
t
t
h
e
5
t
h
g
r
a
d
e
o
f
p
rima
ry
stu
d
e
n
ts,”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
L
e
a
r
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
2
]
I.
Am
b
u
ss
a
id
i
a
n
d
Y.
-
F
.
Ya
n
g
,
“
Th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s T
e
a
c
h
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
o
n
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
in
Om
a
n
a
n
d
Taiwa
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
0
–
6
2
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
9
.
[3
3
]
J.
Ju
fri
d
a
,
F
.
R
.
Ba
su
k
i,
W.
Ku
r
n
iaw
a
n
,
M
.
D.
P
a
n
g
e
stu
,
a
n
d
O.
F
it
a
lo
k
a
,
“
S
c
ien
t
ifi
c
li
tera
c
y
a
n
d
s
c
ien
c
e
lea
rn
in
g
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
ju
n
io
r
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Eva
l.
Res
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
3
0
–
6
3
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
4
]
J.
Ha
rsh
m
a
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
g
lo
b
a
l
c
it
ize
n
sh
ip
t
h
ro
u
g
h
c
rit
ica
l
m
e
d
ia
li
tera
c
y
in
t
h
e
so
c
ial
st
u
d
ies
,
”
J
.
S
o
c
.
S
tu
d
.
Res
.
,
2
0
1
8
.
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