I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in Ed
uca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2020
,
p
p
.
407
~
4
1
4
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
er
e
.
v9
i
2
.
2
0
5
4
9
407
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
M
o
del
of
o
rg
a
niza
tiona
l abili
ties
a
m
o
ng
seco
nda
ry
scho
o
l t
ea
chers
Do
na
Ning
ru
m
M
a
w
a
rdi
1
,
C
.
Asri B
ud
ini
ng
s
ih
2
,
S
ug
i
m
a
n
3
,
H
a
bib
i
4
1,
2,
3
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rt
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
4
Un
iv
e
rsitas
P
e
n
d
id
ik
a
n
M
a
n
d
a
li
k
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
p
r
1
4
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
y
1
,
2
0
2
0
T
h
is
stu
d
y
c
o
n
f
irm
s
th
e
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
n
stru
c
ted
a
m
o
n
g
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
a
b
il
it
ies
v
a
riab
les
o
f
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
s
c
h
o
o
l
tea
c
h
e
rs.
T
h
e
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
a
b
il
it
ies
v
a
riab
les
a
re
:
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
i
tm
e
n
t,
jo
b
sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
jo
b
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
sa
m
p
les
a
re
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
sc
h
o
o
l
tea
c
h
e
rs
se
lec
ted
u
sin
g
p
u
r
p
o
siv
e
sa
m
p
li
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
Da
ta
w
e
re
c
o
ll
e
c
te
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
a
ra
ti
n
g
sc
a
le
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ire
(1
-
5
)
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
sin
g
L
isr
e
l
8
.
0
p
ro
g
ra
m
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
p
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
a
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
e
ff
e
c
t
o
n
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
w
it
h
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
2
.
7
2
a
n
d
2
.
6
0
.
Oth
e
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
th
a
t
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
h
a
v
e
a
n
e
ff
e
c
t
o
n
j
o
b
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
with
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
2
.
3
6
a
n
d
2
.
0
2
.
E
m
p
iri
c
a
ll
y
,
th
e
re
su
lt
s
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
c
o
rre
latio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
v
a
riab
les
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
ll
y
f
u
lf
il
led
th
e
f
it
c
rit
e
ria
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
L
ate
n
t v
ar
iab
le
s
Mo
d
el
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
ab
ilit
ie
s
Seco
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l te
ac
h
er
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Do
n
a
Nin
g
r
u
m
Ma
w
ar
d
i
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ita
s
Neg
er
i Y
o
g
y
a
k
ar
t
a
,
C
atu
r
t
u
n
g
g
al,
Dep
o
k
,
Sle
m
a
n
,
D.
I
.
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
d
o
n
a.
n
in
g
r
u
m
2
0
1
6
@
s
t
u
d
en
t.
u
n
y
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
er
s
is
s
tr
ateg
ic
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
io
n
ee
r
s
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
ac
tiv
e
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
n
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
teac
h
er
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
i
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
o
th
i
n
lear
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
o
ciet
y
[
1
]
.
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
i
s
lo
y
a
lt
y
a
n
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
in
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
.
Hig
h
l
y
co
m
m
i
tted
teac
h
er
s
te
n
d
to
p
er
s
is
t
in
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
ei
r
w
o
r
k
.
Gen
er
a
ll
y
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
is
a
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
an
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
an
d
its
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
an
d
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
's
s
u
s
tain
ab
il
i
t
y
[
2
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
h
i
g
h
l
y
co
m
m
itted
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
teac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
n
a
m
el
y
:
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
n
e
m
p
ir
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ca
p
ab
i
li
t
y
f
ac
to
r
s
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
r
elate
d
to
a
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
at
tit
u
d
e
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
i
le
attit
u
d
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
d
esire
to
i
g
n
o
r
e
th
eir
d
u
ties
[
3
]
.
P
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
d
ep
r
ess
ed
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
af
f
e
ct
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
'
s
d
ep
r
ess
i
v
e
lev
els
in
ce
r
tain
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
o
u
t
o
f
h
ab
it.
Dep
r
ess
iv
e
lev
els
i
n
w
o
r
k
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
t
i
o
n
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
w
o
r
k
s
q
u
a
lit
y
[
4
]
.
B
o
g
ler
[
5
]
s
tu
d
i
ed
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
as
w
el
l
as
th
e
co
n
f
l
icti
n
g
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
i
s
s
tati
s
t
icall
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
n
m
u
l
tip
le
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
th
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
m
o
d
el
am
o
n
g
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
j
o
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
0
7
-
4
1
4
408
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
T
ea
ch
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
j
o
b
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
w
h
i
le
o
n
d
u
t
y
.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
'
s
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
in
lear
n
in
g
i
n
cl
u
d
e:
1
)
p
lan
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
; 2
)
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tin
g
q
u
a
lit
y
lear
n
i
n
g
; 3
)
ass
es
s
an
d
e
v
al
u
ate
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
;
4
)
o
r
g
an
iz
in
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
n
r
ich
m
en
t
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
;
5
)
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
E
ac
h
p
er
s
o
n
in
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
w
i
ll
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
ta
s
k
s
as
s
i
g
n
ed
as
w
e
ll
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
e
h
av
io
r
ca
n
b
e
tr
ac
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as:
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
ab
ilit
ies,
ef
f
o
r
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
an
d
tas
k
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
le
v
els
[
6
]
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
ab
ilit
ies
a
n
d
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
ar
e
in
ter
n
a
l
ca
u
s
es,
w
h
ile
tas
k
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
lev
e
ls
ar
e
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
A
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
's
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
i
s
id
en
t
i
f
ied
as
ab
ilit
y
to
co
m
p
lete
v
ar
io
u
s
task
s
[
7
,
8
]
.
Gen
er
all
y
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
a
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
le
v
el
f
o
r
th
e
j
o
b
,
w
h
i
le
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t is al
s
o
a
w
o
r
k
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
[
9
]
.
P
o
zn
an
s
k
i
[
1
0
]
d
escr
ib
es
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
a
s
a
co
n
d
it
io
n
o
f
p
o
s
iti
v
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
n
a
j
o
b
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
E
v
id
e
n
ce
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
u
c
h
as
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
n
ee
d
s
,
r
esp
ec
t
f
o
r
ef
f
o
r
t,
v
alu
e
s
an
d
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
id
eo
lo
j
g
y
,
as
w
ell
a
s
tas
k
d
e
s
ig
n
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
.
S
aa
r
i
[
1
1
]
d
ef
in
e
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
as
a
s
e
t
o
f
f
ee
lin
g
s
to
ass
e
s
s
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
p
lea
s
u
r
e
i
n
w
o
r
k
.
R
o
b
b
in
s
a
n
d
J
u
d
g
e
[
1
2
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
Dav
is
's
[
1
3
]
o
p
in
io
n
th
at
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
f
ee
li
n
g
ab
o
u
t
p
eo
p
le'
s
w
o
r
k
th
at
i
s
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
j
o
b
ev
alu
a
tio
n
.
Fo
r
teac
h
er
s
,
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
cr
ea
tes
a
f
ee
lin
g
o
f
p
leasu
r
e
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
te
ac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
tas
k
s
.
Sab
r
i
[
1
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
al
cu
lt
u
r
e
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
teac
h
er
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
.
Sev
er
al
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
in
cl
u
d
e:
1
)
a
b
elief
an
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
g
o
als
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
v
alu
e
s
,
2
)
a
d
esire
to
u
s
e
g
en
u
in
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
a
d
v
an
ce
th
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
,
an
d
3
)
an
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
m
en
t
to
m
a
in
t
ain
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
i
n
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
C
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e
r
ef
er
s
to
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
(
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t)
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
(
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t)
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
in
ter
n
al
co
n
f
lic
t
d
ea
lin
g
w
ith
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
th
e
i
n
ten
s
it
y
o
f
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t i
n
an
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
.
A
r
a
n
y
a
[
2
0
]
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
th
a
t
w
o
r
k
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
ac
r
if
ice,
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
w
as
also
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
p
la
y
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
n
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
ts
w
il
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
co
m
m
it
m
en
t.
So
m
eo
n
e
w
h
o
i
s
co
m
m
i
tted
to
h
is
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
w
ill
h
a
v
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
id
en
t
if
i
ca
tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
iza
t
io
n
,
h
av
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
v
alu
e
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
g
o
als
a
n
d
v
al
u
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
m
a
k
e
it
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
to
r
e
m
ain
in
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
,
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
to
w
o
r
k
h
ar
d
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Ca
s
es
a
nd
in
s
t
ru
m
e
nt
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
3
0
t
ea
ch
er
s
w
h
o
w
er
e
civ
il
s
er
v
a
n
ts
w
i
th
o
u
t
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
m
e
n
an
d
w
o
m
e
n
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
o
n
Ho
o
k
an
d
R
eg
al
[
2
1
]
.
Sa
m
p
le
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
f
o
r
o
n
e
s
e
m
es
ter
an
d
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
4
5
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
a
b
asi
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
teac
h
er
is
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
to
:
m
ak
e
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
ts
to
th
e
s
it
u
atio
n
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
h
i
s
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t,
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
f
el
t
at
t
h
e
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
at
wo
r
k
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
a
g
e
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
s
o
n
s
t
h
at
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
t
h
ese
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
s
till
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
s
elf
-
id
en
t
it
y
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Mo
d
el
o
f o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l a
b
ilit
ies a
mo
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l te
a
ch
ers
(
Do
n
a
N
in
g
r
u
m
Ma
w
a
r
d
i
)
409
f
ee
l
lo
o
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
s
el
f
-
s
atis
f
ac
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
als
o
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
,
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
r
ec
en
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Data
co
llectio
n
u
s
in
g
a
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e
in
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
es
1
-
5
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
n
tain
ed
f
o
u
r
v
ar
iab
le
s
to
d
etec
t
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
j
o
b
,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
[
2
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1
in
f
o
r
m
s
th
a
t
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
6
in
d
icato
r
s
,
an
d
4
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
e
ac
h
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t,
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
ab
l
e
1.
I
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
No
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
S
c
o
r
e
1
2
3
4
5
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
X1
T
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
s
a
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
s
X2
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
s a
s t
h
e
b
e
st
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
X3
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
se
l
f
-
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
si
mu
l
t
a
n
e
o
u
sl
y
X4
P
u
r
su
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
s a
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
X5
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
X6
En
t
h
u
si
a
sm
a
t
w
o
r
k
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
X7
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
b
e
st
p
l
a
c
e
f
o
r
se
l
f
-
a
c
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
X8
T
h
e
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
s a
r
e
i
n
a
c
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
t
y
X9
T
r
y
i
n
g
t
o
ma
k
e
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
t
i
l
l
e
x
i
st
X
1
0
W
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
f
u
l
l
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Jo
b
S
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
X
1
1
T
h
e
l
e
a
d
e
r
's p
o
l
i
c
y
i
s p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
X
1
2
A
r
e
w
a
r
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
e
st
w
o
r
k
r
e
su
l
t
s
X
1
3
T
h
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s fo
r
n
e
w
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
X
1
4
Jo
b
g
i
v
e
s mo
t
i
v
a
t
e
s t
o
b
e
mo
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
Jo
b
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
X
1
5
T
r
y
b
e
t
t
e
r
w
o
r
k
r
e
su
l
t
s
X
1
6
M
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
g
o
o
d
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s w
i
t
h
c
o
l
l
e
a
g
u
e
s
X
1
7
I
mp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
w
o
r
k
X
1
8
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
n
u
p
-
g
r
a
d
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss o
f
se
l
f
t
o
w
a
r
d
s w
o
r
k
N
o
t
e
:
1
=
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
D
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
2
=
D
i
s
a
g
re
e
,
3
=
U
n
d
e
c
i
d
e
d
,
4
=
A
g
re
e
,
5
=
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
e
e
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
an
a
ly
s
is
Data
an
al
y
s
is
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
a
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
e
s
th
e
Stru
ct
u
r
al
E
q
u
atio
n
Mo
d
elin
g
(
SEM
)
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
th
e
L
is
r
ell
8
.
0
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
o
b
tain
f
it
m
o
d
el
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
SEM
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
ab
le
to
co
m
b
in
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
w
it
h
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
els
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
ef
f
ici
en
tl
y
th
a
n
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
ite
f
o
r
SEM
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
is
th
at
th
e
d
ata
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
eliab
le
a
n
d
v
alid
.
R
eliab
ili
t
y
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
i
n
ter
n
a
l
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
v
ar
iab
les.
R
eliab
ilit
y
test
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
r
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
c
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
a
n
in
ter
n
a
l
c
o
n
s
is
ten
c
y
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
-
lo
ad
in
g
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
c
h
i
n
d
icato
r
(
λ
)
an
d
t
h
e
e
r
r
o
r
in
d
ex
o
f
ea
c
h
in
d
icato
r
(
δ)
.
C
o
n
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
il
it
y
eq
u
atio
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
(
∑
1
=
1
)
2
(
∑
1
=
1
)
2
+
(
∑
=
1
)
(
1
)
Oth
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
c
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
A
VE
)
eq
u
atio
n
.
A
VE
o
u
tp
u
t
d
is
p
la
y
s
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
d
ic
ato
r
ex
tr
ac
ted
v
ar
ian
ce
b
y
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
ar
iab
le
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
Hig
h
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
v
alu
e
s
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
w
ell
r
ep
r
esen
ted
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
A
VE
v
alu
e
is
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
0
.
5
0
.
T
h
e
A
VE
v
al
u
e
is
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
ar
ia
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
A
VE
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
∑
2
∑
2
+
∑
(
)
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
lo
ad
in
g
i
n
d
icato
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
a
n
d
(
)
=
1
−
2
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
f
u
l
l
m
o
d
el
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
s
u
itab
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
ca
u
s
a
lit
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
b
ein
g
te
s
ted
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
an
d
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it.
I
f
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
lev
el
is
p
≥
0
.
0
5
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
ee
t
s
th
e
f
i
t
cr
iter
ia,
w
h
i
le
Go
o
d
n
ess
o
f
Fit
is
u
s
ed
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
r
r
e
j
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
as
w
ell
as
test
in
g
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
w
i
th
s
ev
er
al
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
s
u
itab
il
it
y
i
n
d
ex
a
n
d
cu
t o
f
f
v
a
lu
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
0
7
-
4
1
4
410
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
B
asicall
y
,
SEM
i
s
a
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
to
test
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
e
en
s
e
v
er
al
v
ar
iab
les.
A
v
ar
iab
le
w
it
h
th
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ch
an
g
es
in
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
les
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
d
els
a
s
a
b
asis
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
a
n
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
o
a
p
ath
d
iag
r
a
m
.
T
h
is
d
iag
r
a
m
d
i
s
p
la
y
s
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
t
h
e
ca
u
s
alit
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
v
ar
iab
les
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ex
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
(
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
C
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t)
a
n
d
th
r
ee
e
n
d
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
(
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
C
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
J
o
b
Satis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
J
o
b
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
)
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
w
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
5
]
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
to
af
f
ec
t
o
t
h
er
v
ar
iab
les
in
o
n
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
is
ca
lled
an
e
x
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
Ot
h
er
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
ca
lled
en
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
a
f
f
ec
t
o
th
e
r
v
ar
iab
les
ex
ce
p
t
th
e
ex
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
ar
ia
b
le
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l m
o
d
el
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
s
3
.
1
.
F
it
t
ing
m
o
del
T
o
o
b
tain
f
it
cr
iter
ia,
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
S
E
M
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
SEM
eq
u
at
io
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
u
tp
u
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
g
e
n
er
all
y
s
atis
f
ies
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
it
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t.
T
h
e
lo
ad
in
g
-
f
ac
to
r
v
al
u
e
o
f
ex
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
a
n
d
en
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
v
ar
iab
les
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
6
in
d
icato
r
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
j
o
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ea
ch
4
in
d
icato
r
s
.
E
ac
h
ex
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
a
n
d
en
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
v
ar
iab
le
h
as
a
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
t
o
r
v
alu
e
th
at
m
ee
t
s
th
e
r
eliab
le
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
is
is
e
v
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
t
o
r
v
alu
e
>
0
.
5
0
f
o
r
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
f
it.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
clar
i
f
ied
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
's
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
al
u
e
is
clo
s
e
to
m
ax
i
m
u
m
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
r
eliab
il
it
y
v
al
u
e
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
-
1
.
T
h
e
v
alid
it
y
tes
t
r
es
u
lts
w
it
h
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
also
r
elev
an
t
a
n
d
m
ee
t
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
-
te
s
t>
t
-
cr
itical.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
els
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
ex
p
lai
n
s
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
i
n
d
icato
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
w
it
h
late
n
t
v
ar
iab
les.
Ge
n
er
all
y
,
h
ig
h
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
v
al
u
es
in
d
icate
a
b
etter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les;
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
v
alu
e
s
b
elo
w
0
.
3
0
ar
e
n
o
t
in
ter
p
r
eted
.
Hig
h
lo
ad
i
n
g
f
a
cto
r
in
d
icato
r
s
h
av
e
a
g
r
ea
t
er
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
ex
p
lai
n
t
h
e
late
n
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
i
n
d
icato
r
s
w
i
th
lo
w
lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
w
ea
k
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
ex
p
lain
th
e
lat
en
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
ac
to
r
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
0
.
5
0
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
e
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
v
alid
atio
n
to
ex
p
lai
n
late
n
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
[
2
6
]
.
Sev
er
al
o
th
er
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
[
2
7
,
2
8
]
ex
p
lain
th
at
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
v
al
u
e
is
0
.
4
0
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
cr
iter
i
a
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
v
ar
i
an
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
A
VE
)
v
al
u
e.
I
f
all
A
VE
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
late
n
t
v
ar
iab
le
ar
e
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
0
.
0
5
,
it
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
a
ll
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
h
a
v
e
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
e
x
tr
ac
t
ed
w
it
h
a
v
al
u
e>
0
.
5
is
a
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
al
id
it
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
i
f
A
VE
<
0
.
5
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as in
v
alid
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Mo
d
el
o
f o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l a
b
ilit
ies a
mo
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l te
a
ch
ers
(
Do
n
a
N
in
g
r
u
m
Ma
w
a
r
d
i
)
411
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
u
tp
u
t
T
ab
le
2
.
Ou
tp
u
t lo
ad
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
i
n
d
icato
r
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
F
a
c
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
Jo
b
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
Jo
b
S
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
1
0
.
65
0
.
85
0
.
77
0
.
79
2
0
.
86
0
.
63
0
.
72
0
.
82
3
0
.
74
0
.
73
0
.
74
0
.
86
4
0
.
91
0
.
69
0
.
62
0
.
74
5
0
.
78
6
0
.
81
T
ab
le
3
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
al
y
s
is
o
u
tp
u
t
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
Σ
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
λ
)
I
n
d
e
x
o
f
e
rr
.
(
)
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
C
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
4
.
7
5
1
.
8
7
0
.
9
2
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
2
.
9
1
.
8
7
0
.
8
2
Jo
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
2
.
8
5
1
.
9
8
0
.
8
0
Jo
b
sa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
3
.
2
1
0
.
9
1
0
.
9
1
T
h
e
ex
o
g
en
o
u
s
an
d
e
n
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
v
ar
iab
les
i
n
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
th
at
ea
c
h
v
ar
iab
le
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
AVE
v
alu
e.
All
A
VE
v
alu
es>
0
.
0
5
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
v
alu
e
is
0
.
7
5
;
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
is
0
.
6
5
;
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
0
.
6
3
;
an
d
J
o
b
S
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
0
.
7
6
.
A
m
in
i
m
u
m
A
VE
v
al
u
e
o
f
0
.
5
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
is
v
al
u
e
ill
u
s
tr
a
tes
ad
eq
u
ate
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
a
lid
it
y
an
d
o
n
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le
is
ab
le
to
ex
p
lai
n
m
o
r
e
th
an
h
a
lf
t
h
e
v
ar
ian
t
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
in
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e.
H
y
p
o
th
e
s
i
s
test
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
m
o
d
els
is
ac
ce
p
tab
l
e
an
d
th
er
e
is
an
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
els
e
m
p
ir
icall
y
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
ee
t
s
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
v
al
u
e
=
2
3
1
9
.
9
0
;
R
MSE
A
=
0
.
0
3
4
;
GFI
=
0
.
9
1
;
A
FGI
=
0
.
8
8
;
C
FI
=
0
.
9
8
an
d
NFI
=
0
.
9
3
.
I
n
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
v
a
lu
e
o
f
5
%,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
t
h
e
t
-
test
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
c
h
i
n
d
icat
o
r
v
ar
iab
le
is
>
1
.
9
6
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
it is
co
n
c
lu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
m
ee
t
s
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
e
m
p
ir
icall
y
.
T
ab
le
4
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
av
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
e
x
tr
ac
ted
(
A
V
E
)
v
alu
es
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
)
V
a
r
(
ε
i
)
A
V
E
S
q
r
t
(
A
V
E)
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
C
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
3
.
8
0
1
.
2
5
0
.
7
5
0
.
8
6
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
2
.
1
2
1
.
1
0
.
6
5
0
.
8
1
Jo
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
2
.
0
4
1
.
1
5
0
.
6
3
0
.
7
9
Jo
b
sa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
2
.
5
3
0
.
7
9
0
.
7
6
0
.
8
7
3
.
2
.
L
a
t
ent
v
a
ria
bles
ef
f
ec
t
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
al
y
s
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
ea
ch
ef
f
ec
t
b
et
w
ee
n
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
ea
c
h
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le
is
f
o
u
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
0
7
-
4
1
4
412
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
late
n
t
v
ar
iab
les in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
ea
ch
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t
h
as a
n
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
an
d
is
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
is
2
.
7
2
,
an
d
2
.
6
0
f
o
r
j
o
b
s
atis
f
a
ctio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
iab
le
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
t
w
o
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
les
n
a
m
el
y
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
a
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
2
.
3
6
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
2
.
0
2
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
g
iv
e
s
th
e
s
m
alle
s
t e
f
f
ec
t o
n
teac
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
f
f
ec
t a
m
o
n
g
late
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t
is
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
lo
y
alt
y
to
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
[
2
9
]
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
lies
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
attitu
d
es
an
d
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
p
eo
p
le'
s
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
th
eir
d
u
ties
[
3
0
,
3
1
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
w
o
r
k
ex
p
ec
tat
io
n
[
3
2
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
w
il
l
ar
is
e
if
teac
h
er
w
o
r
k
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
f
u
l
f
illed
[
3
3
,
3
4
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
w
il
l
o
cc
u
r
if
th
e
teac
h
er
h
as p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
S
h
u
k
l
a
[
3
5
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
B
ash
ir
[
3
6
]
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
h
as
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
T
ea
ch
er
s
'
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
in
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
u
t
ies
is
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
b
y
a
g
en
er
al
attit
u
d
e
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
y
r
e
w
ar
d
s
o
f
r
ea
lit
y
an
d
d
esire
s
[
3
7
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
a
ctio
n
is
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
attit
u
d
e
o
f
teac
h
er
s
i
n
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
a
j
o
b
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
is
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
a
n
d
cu
lt
u
r
e
o
f
ea
c
h
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al.
T
h
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
a
s
p
ec
ts
t
h
at
ar
e
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
esire
s
w
il
l a
f
f
ec
t t
h
e
h
i
g
h
lev
e
l o
f
s
at
is
f
ac
t
io
n
i
n
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
i
s
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
ith
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
P
o
r
ter
an
d
Steer
s
[
3
8
]
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
th
a
t
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
is
b
u
ilt
w
h
e
n
ea
ch
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ev
elo
p
s
th
r
ee
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
attit
u
d
es
n
a
m
el
y
:
I
d
en
ti
f
icatio
n
,
I
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
,
an
d
L
o
y
alt
y
.
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
i
s
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
r
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
o
als
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
I
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
is
th
e
f
ee
li
n
g
o
f
b
ein
g
in
v
o
l
v
e
d
in
a
p
leasan
t
jo
b
in
an
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
L
o
y
alt
y
i
s
a
f
ee
li
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
is
a
p
lace
to
w
o
r
k
an
d
li
v
e,
h
e
n
ce
th
er
e
is
lo
y
alt
y
to
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
So
m
eo
n
e
w
h
o
h
as
j
o
in
ed
an
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
ce
r
tai
n
l
y
b
r
in
g
s
w
i
s
h
e
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
a
n
d
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
t
h
at
s
h
a
p
e
w
o
r
k
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
w
i
th
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
tr
y
in
g
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
co
m
m
o
n
g
o
als.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t h
a
s
an
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
9
,
40]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
m
o
d
el
a
m
o
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t,
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
f
it
b
ased
o
n
e
m
p
ir
ical
test
s
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
h
as
a
d
ir
ec
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ile
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t a
n
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
ef
f
ec
t
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Fi
n
a
n
ce
an
d
R
esear
ch
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
B
UDI
DN
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Mo
d
el
o
f o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l a
b
ilit
ies a
mo
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l te
a
ch
ers
(
Do
n
a
N
in
g
r
u
m
Ma
w
a
r
d
i
)
413
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ka
rn
it
i
a
n
d
T
u
k
ij
a
n
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
UP
T
D
S
tate
P
rim
a
r
y
S
c
h
o
o
l
tea
c
h
e
rs
in
P
e
k
a
lo
n
g
a
n
Re
g
e
n
c
y
w
irad
e
s
a
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,”
J
u
rn
a
l
Eko
n
o
mi
M
a
n
a
jem
e
n
Aku
n
t
a
n
si
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
Bu
lu
t
,
C.
,
a
n
d
Cu
l
h
a
,
O.
,
“
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
train
i
n
g
o
n
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
ra
in
i
n
g
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
14
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
0
9
-
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
Ra
sc
h
,
Ro
n
a
l
d
H.
a
n
d
A
d
rian
Ha
rre
ll
,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l
Diff
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
o
n
M
A
S
P
e
rso
n
n
e
l
S
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
u
rn
o
v
e
r
In
ten
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
m
,
1
9
8
9
.
[4
]
S
u
sa
n
ty
,
A
.
,
M
irad
ip
ta,
R.
,
a
n
d
Jie
,
F
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
a
tt
it
u
d
e
to
w
a
rd
w
o
rk
s,
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
o
n
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
’s
jo
b
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
u
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
S
o
c
ia
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
15
-
24
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
Bo
g
ler,
R.
a
n
d
S
o
m
e
c
h
,
A
.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
tea
c
h
e
r
e
m
p
o
w
e
r
m
e
n
t
o
n
tea
c
h
e
rs’
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
it
ize
n
sh
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
in
sc
h
o
o
ls
,
”
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
tea
c
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
20
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
-
2
8
9
,
2
0
0
4
.
[6
]
Da
y
,
A
.
L
.
a
n
d
Ca
rro
ll
,
S
.
A
.
,
“
Us
in
g
a
n
a
b
il
it
y
-
b
a
se
d
m
e
a
su
re
o
f
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
to
p
r
e
d
ict
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
g
ro
u
p
c
it
ize
n
sh
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
rs
,
”
Per
so
n
a
li
ty
a
n
d
In
d
ivid
u
a
l
d
if
fer
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
36
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
3
-
1
4
5
8
,
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
L
a
r
k
in
,
J.
a
n
d
S
c
h
w
e
ik
a
rt,
J.
,
“
S
u
c
c
e
ss
a
n
d
th
e
ir
In
ter
n
a
l
A
u
d
it
o
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
l
Au
t
h
o
r
,
V
o
l
.
4
9
,
J
u
n
e
1
9
9
2
.
[8
]
L
a
r
k
in
,
I.
M
.
,
“
Jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
t
u
rn
o
v
e
r
in
ten
ti
o
n
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
tea
c
h
e
rs
in
th
e
K
-
1
2
se
tt
in
g
,
”
On
li
n
e
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Ka
lb
e
rs,
L
a
w
re
n
c
e
P
.
a
n
d
T
imo
th
y
J.
F
o
g
a
rty
,
“
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
li
sm
a
n
d
Its
Co
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
:
A
S
tu
d
y
o
f
in
tern
a
l
A
u
d
it
o
rs,
”
Au
d
it
i
n
g
A
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
0
]
P
o
z
n
a
n
sk
i,
J.
P
e
ter
a
n
d
De
n
n
is
M
.
Bli
n
e
,
“
Us
in
g
stru
c
t
u
ra
l
e
q
u
a
t
io
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
t
o
in
v
e
stig
a
te
th
e
c
a
u
sa
l
o
rd
e
rin
g
o
f
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
sta
ff
a
c
c
o
u
n
tan
t
,”
Beh
a
v
io
r
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Acc
o
u
n
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
1
9
9
7
.
[1
1
]
S
a
a
ri,
L
.
M
.
a
n
d
J
u
d
g
e
,
T
.
A
.
,
“
Em
p
lo
y
e
e
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
a
n
d
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
”
T
h
e
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
M
ich
i
g
a
n
,
th
e
S
o
c
iety
o
f
Hu
ma
n
Res
o
u
rc
e
s M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
43
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
-
4
0
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
Ro
b
b
in
s
-
Ju
d
g
e
,
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
B
e
h
a
v
io
r
(
1
3
t
h
E
d
it
i
o
n
)
.
Ne
w
Je
rs
y
:
P
e
a
rso
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
I
n
c
.
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
3
]
Da
v
is,
J.
a
n
d
W
il
so
n
,
S
.
M
.
,
“
P
ri
n
c
ip
a
ls'
e
f
f
o
rts
to
e
m
p
o
we
r
tea
c
h
e
rs:
Eff
e
c
ts
o
n
tea
c
h
e
r
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
j
o
b
sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
stre
ss
,
”
T
h
e
c
lea
r
in
g
h
o
u
se
,
v
o
l.
73
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
4
9
-
353
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
4
]
S
a
b
ri,
P
irza
d
a
S
a
m
i
Ullah
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Cu
l
tu
re
a
n
d
Its
Im
p
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
J
o
b
S
a
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
e
a
c
h
e
rs o
f
Lah
o
re
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
si
n
e
ss
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
1
2
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
A
ra
n
y
a
a
n
d
K.
F
e
rris,
“
A
Re
-
E
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
A
c
c
o
u
n
tan
t
Org
a
n
iza
ti
n
a
l
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
li
c
t,
”
T
h
e
Acc
o
u
n
ti
n
g
Rev
iew
,
1
9
8
4
.
[1
6
]
S
c
h
e
in
,
E
.
H.
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
so
c
ializa
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
Or
g
a
n
iza
t
io
n
a
l
i
n
fl
u
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
,
v
o
l.
36
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
3
-
294
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
7
]
A
lt
sh
u
ler,
S
.
J.
a
n
d
W
e
b
b
,
J.
R.
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
so
c
ial
w
o
rk
:
In
c
re
a
sin
g
t
h
e
leg
it
im
a
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
,
”
Ch
il
d
re
n
&
S
c
h
o
o
ls
,
v
o
l
.
31
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
7
-
2
1
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
S
o
m
e
c
h
,
A
.
a
n
d
Bo
g
ler,
R.
,
“
A
n
tec
e
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
tea
c
h
e
r
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
”
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
d
min
istra
ti
o
n
q
u
a
rte
rly
,
v
o
l.
38
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
5
-
577
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
9
]
S
in
g
h
,
A
.
a
n
d
G
u
p
ta,
B.
,
“
Jo
b
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t,
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
tea
m
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
”
Ben
c
h
ma
rk
in
g
:
A
n
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
0
]
A
ra
n
y
a
,
N.,
L
a
c
h
m
a
n
,
R.
,
a
n
d
Am
e
rn
ic,
J.
,
“
A
c
c
o
u
n
tan
ts'
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
:
A
p
a
th
a
n
a
ly
sis
,
”
Acc
o
u
n
t
in
g
,
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
S
o
c
iety
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
-
2
1
5
,
1
9
8
2
.
[2
1
]
Ho
o
k
,
E
.
B.
a
n
d
Re
g
a
l,
R.
R.
,
“
Va
li
d
it
y
o
f
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
w
e
ig
h
ti
n
g
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
u
n
c
e
rtain
ty
,
a
n
d
sm
a
ll
sa
m
p
le
a
d
ju
stm
e
n
t
in
c
a
p
t
u
re
-
re
c
a
p
tu
re
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Ame
ric
a
n
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
p
i
d
e
mio
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
8
-
1
1
4
4
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
2
]
M
o
w
d
a
y
,
R.
T
.
,
S
tee
rs,
R.
M
.
,
a
n
d
P
o
rter,
L
.
W
.
,
T
h
e
me
a
su
re
me
n
t
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
it
m
e
n
t:
A
p
ro
g
re
ss
re
p
o
rt
(No
.
1
5
),
G
ra
d
u
a
te S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Or
e
g
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
-
2
4
7
,
1
9
7
8
.
[2
3
]
Ha
ir,
JF.
,
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
R
E.
,
T
a
th
a
m
,
RL
.
,
a
n
d
Blac
k
,
W
C.
,
M
u
lt
iva
ria
te
Da
t
a
A
n
a
lys
is
,
F
o
u
rt
h
E
d
it
i
o
n
.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
,
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
,
1
9
9
5
.
[2
4
]
Ha
ir,
J.
F
.
,
Ri
n
g
le,
C.
M
.
,
a
n
d
S
a
rste
d
t,
M
.
,
“
P
L
S
-
S
EM
:
In
d
e
e
d
a
silv
e
r
b
u
ll
e
t
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
th
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
,
v
o
l.
19
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
-
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
5
]
S
o
m
e
c
h
,
A
.
a
n
d
Bo
g
ler,
R.
,
“
A
n
tec
e
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
tea
c
h
e
r
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
”
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
d
min
istra
ti
o
n
q
u
a
rte
rly
,
v
o
l.
38
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
5
-
577
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
6
]
G
h
o
z
a
li
,
Im
a
m
,
a
n
d
F
u
a
d
,
S
tru
c
t
u
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
mo
d
e
li
n
g
:
t
h
e
o
rie
s,
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
wi
th
t
h
e
L
isre
ll
9
.
1
0
p
ro
g
r
a
m
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
.
S
e
m
a
ra
n
g
:
Ba
d
a
n
P
e
n
e
rb
it
Un
d
ip
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
7
]
Be
h
e
ra
,
B.
K.,
A
ro
ra
,
M
.
,
a
n
d
S
h
a
rm
a
,
D.
K.
,
“
S
c
a
n
n
in
g
e
lec
tro
n
m
icro
sc
o
p
ic
(S
EM
)
stu
d
ies
o
n
str
u
c
tu
ra
l
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
o
f
li
g
n
o
c
e
ll
u
lo
sic
m
a
teria
ls
o
f
C
a
lo
tro
p
is
p
ro
c
e
r
a
d
u
rin
g
it
s
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
f
o
r
sa
c
c
h
a
rif
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Bi
o
re
so
u
rc
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
58
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
4
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
8
]
F
a
rre
ll
,
A
.
M
.
,
a
n
d
Ru
d
d
,
J.
M
.
,
Fa
c
to
r
a
n
a
lys
is
a
n
d
d
isc
rimin
a
n
t
v
a
li
d
it
y
:
A
b
rie
f
re
v
iew
o
f
s
o
me
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
issu
e
s
.
A
n
z
m
a
c
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
9
]
F
e
rd
in
a
n
d
,
A
u
g
u
sty
,
S
tru
c
tu
ra
l
Eq
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
i
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
).
Ba
d
a
n
P
e
n
e
rb
it
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
S
e
m
a
ra
n
g
,
2
0
0
0
.
[3
0
]
L
e
e
,
K.,
Ca
rs
w
e
ll
,
J.
J.,
a
n
d
A
ll
e
n
,
N.
J.
,
“
A
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
ti
c
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t:
re
latio
n
s
w
it
h
pe
rso
n
-
a
n
d
w
o
rk
-
re
late
d
v
a
riab
les
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
a
p
p
l
ied
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
85
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
7
9
9
,
2
0
0
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
0
7
-
4
1
4
414
[3
1
]
Co
ll
ie,
R.
J
.
,
S
h
a
p
k
a
,
J.
D.
,
a
n
d
P
e
rry
,
N.
E
.
,
“
P
re
d
ictin
g
tea
c
h
e
r
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t:
T
h
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
c
li
m
a
te
a
n
d
so
c
ial
–
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
”
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
S
c
h
o
o
ls
,
v
o
l.
48
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
4
-
1
0
4
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
2
]
P
o
u
l
o
u
,
M
.
S
.
,
“
A
n
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
a
m
o
n
g
tea
c
h
e
rs'
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
so
c
ial
-
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
lea
rn
in
g
,
tea
c
h
in
g
e
ff
ica
c
y
,
tea
c
h
e
r
-
stu
d
e
n
t
i
n
tera
c
ti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
st
u
d
e
n
ts'
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
d
if
f
icu
lt
i
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
&
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
-
1
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
3
]
S
a
k
,
R.
,
“
G
e
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
in
t
u
rk
ish
e
a
rly
c
h
il
d
h
o
o
d
tea
c
h
e
rs’
jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
j
o
b
b
u
r
n
o
u
t
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
y
n
icis
m
,
”
Ea
rly
Ch
il
d
h
o
o
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
46
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
643
-
6
5
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
4
]
S
a
ri,
E.
,
Ko
u
l,
R.
,
Ro
c
h
a
n
a
h
,
S
.
,
A
ru
m
,
W
.
S
.
A
.
,
a
n
d
M
u
d
a
,
I
.
,
“
Ho
w
Co
u
ld
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
Im
p
ro
v
e
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Ci
ti
z
e
n
sh
ip
Be
h
a
v
io
rs
f
o
r
T
h
e
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t?
(Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
s
f
o
r
S
p
e
c
if
ics
P
u
rp
o
se
s),”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
tu
d
ies
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
46
-
73
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
M
a
rg
e
l
y
tė
-
P
les
k
ien
ė
,
A
.
a
n
d
V
v
e
in
h
a
rd
t
,
J.
,
“
T
h
e
q
u
i
n
tes
se
n
c
e
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
y
n
icis
m
,
”
Or
g
a
n
iza
c
ij
ų
v
a
d
y
b
a
:
siste
min
ia
i
tyr
ima
i
=
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
iza
t
io
n
s:
sy
ste
ma
ti
c
re
se
a
rc
h
.
Ka
u
n
a
s: V
y
t
a
u
t
o
Did
ži
o
j
o
u
n
ive
rs
it
e
ta
s,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
6
]
S
h
u
k
la,
S
.
,
“
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
e
te
n
c
y
,
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
-
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
p
rim
a
r
y
sc
h
o
o
l
tea
c
h
e
rs,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
&
M
e
th
o
d
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
44
-
64
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
7
]
Ba
sh
ir,
L
.
,
“
Jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
rs
in
re
latio
n
t
o
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
”
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
d
i
a
n
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
8
]
Ca
rica
ti
,
L
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
W
o
rk
c
li
m
a
t
e
,
w
o
rk
v
a
lu
e
s
a
n
d
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
s
p
re
d
icto
r
s
o
f
jo
b
sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
i
n
n
u
rse
s,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
n
u
rs
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
22
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
9
8
4
-
994
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
9
]
P
o
rter,
L
.
W
.
,
S
tee
rs,
R.
M
.
,
M
o
w
d
a
y
,
R.
T
.
,
a
n
d
Bo
u
li
a
n
,
P
.
V
.
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
jo
b
sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
tu
rn
o
v
e
r
a
m
o
n
g
p
s
y
c
h
iatric t
e
c
h
n
icia
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
a
p
p
li
e
d
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
59
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
6
0
3
,
1
9
7
4
.
[4
0
]
T
o
len
ti
n
o
,
R.
C.
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
istrat
iv
e
p
e
rso
n
n
e
l,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
B
u
sin
e
ss
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
51
-
59
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.