Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of E
valua
tio
n
an
d
Rese
arch
in
Educati
on (I
JE
RE)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
3
,
Septem
ber
201
9
, p
p.
392
~
400
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8822
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ije
re
.
v8
i
3
.
20245
392
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJE
R
E
How
d
oe
s
p
ortf
oli
o
a
ssess
i
nterpro
fess
i
onal
l
earning
am
ong
m
edical
and
m
idwife
ry
s
t
ud
ents
?
Bul
an
Kakani
ta Herm
asari
1
,
G
an
de
s Retn
o Raha
yu
2
,
M
ora C
l
arami
ta
3
1
Depa
rt
m
ent
of
Medic
a
l
Edu
cati
on,
Univer
si
ta
s
Sebel
as
Mar
et,
I
ndonesia
2,3
Depa
rt
m
ent of
Medical
Educat
ion
and
Bioethi
c
s,
Univer
sit
as
G
adj
ah
Mada
,
Ind
onesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
un
14
, 2
01
9
Re
vised
A
ug 1
0
, 2
01
9
Accepte
d
Aug 2
3
, 201
9
Top
-
qualit
y
m
aterna
l
he
alth
ca
r
e
req
uire
s
m
idwife
r
y
and
m
edi
cal
student
s
to
work
toge
the
r
in
m
ult
idi
sci
pli
nar
y
in
te
rpr
ofe
ss
iona
l
edu
c
at
ion
(IPE)
.
Achie
ving
IPE
l
ea
rning
competenci
es
req
u
ire
s
i
nte
rprofe
ss
ional
assess
m
ent
m
et
hods;
one
such
is
portfol
io
.
Stud
y
on
por
tfol
io
as
in
te
rp
rofe
ss
ional
assess
m
ent
is
li
m
it
ed.
T
o
ev
a
lua
t
e
interprofes
sional
cor
e
co
m
pet
enc
i
es
il
lustrated
b
y
IPE
portfolios.
A
qual
itati
v
e
d
esign
using
content
ana
l
y
sis
t
o
eva
lu
at
e
portfo
lios
of
m
idwife
r
y
and
m
edi
c
al
stud
ent
s
a
tt
end
ing
th
ree
we
eks’
int
erp
rof
essional
le
arn
ing
in
an
I
ndonesia
n
univers
ity
.
Sixt
y
po
rtf
oli
os
were
ana
l
y
z
ed
for
fou
r
IPE
cor
e
compete
n
ci
es.
Fif
te
en
open
-
ende
d
que
stionna
ir
es
were
col
l
ecte
d
to
conf
irm
the
dat
a
and
furthe
r
expl
or
e
issues.
Four
int
erp
rof
essional
cor
e
compete
n
c
ie
s
were
il
lustr
ated
in
portfo
li
os.
W
hil
e
on
l
y
thre
e
portfo
li
os
cont
a
ine
d
object
ive
evi
d
ence
of
le
arn
ing,
over
t
wo
-
thi
rds
of
student
s
c
ould
pla
n
appr
opr
ia
t
e
,
conc
r
ete
work
base
d
on
inter
profe
ss
iona
l
le
arn
ing.
Th
e
result
s
indi
c
at
e
t
hat
the
portfo
lio
assess
es
int
erp
rofe
ss
ional
le
arn
ing
with
st
udent
ref
lecti
ons
tha
t
il
lustr
ate
t
he
ac
h
ie
v
ement
of
four
IPE
cor
e
compet
encie
s.
Th
e
validity
of
th
is
comp
et
en
c
y
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
ent
is
al
so
supported
and
c
onfirmed
b
y
th
e evi
den
ce
of
l
ea
r
ning
and
subs
eque
nt
learni
ng
pla
ns.
Furthermore,
portfolios
al
so
ca
n
enc
oura
ge
the
student
s
to
pre
par
e
a
conc
re
te
and
appr
opriate
work
pla
n
or
s
tud
y
pl
an
for
student
s’
int
erp
r
of
essional l
e
arn
ing
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Assessm
ent
In
te
r
pro
fessio
na
l
Me
dical
Mi
dw
ife
ry
Po
rt
fo
li
o
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Bulan
Ka
kan
it
a H
e
rm
asari,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f M
edical
Ed
uca
ti
on
,
Un
i
ver
sit
as
Se
belas Ma
ret,
Ir
.
S
utam
i
street
No.36
A Kent
ing
a
n,
Jeb
res,
Su
r
aka
rta 57
126,
I
ndonesi
a.
Em
a
il
: dr
.bula
n.kak
a
nita@st
aff
.
uns.ac
.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
High
-
qual
it
y
m
idwifer
y
car
e
has
an
im
po
rtant
an
d
gro
w
ing
r
ole
in
i
m
pro
ving
the
he
al
th
sta
tus
of
m
oth
ers
and
c
hildr
e
n,
es
peci
al
ly
in
the
pr
im
ary
healt
h
care
set
ti
ng
.
[
1]
I
n
this
set
ti
ng
,
m
idwiv
es
are
e
xp
ect
e
d
to
eff
ect
ively
work
i
n
inter
di
sci
plinary
te
am
s
integrated
acro
s
s
healt
h
centers
a
nd
c
om
m
un
it
y
set
t
i
ng
s
.
[
2]
Ther
e
f
or
e,
one
i
m
po
rta
nt
co
m
petency
is
to
be
a
ble
to
w
ork
c
ollaborat
ive
ly
with
ot
her
he
al
th
pro
fessio
nals,
i
n
order
to
im
pr
ove
healt
h
ca
re
for
wo
m
en
an
d
fam
ilies.
[3]
T
o
s
upport
t
hat
go
al
t
hro
ugh
m
idwifer
y
e
ducat
ion,
m
idwifer
y
stu
de
nts
are
inc
rea
sing
ly
en
ro
ll
ed
in
an
in
novati
ve
f
or
m
of
I
nt
erprofessi
on
al
Ed
ucati
on
(IP
E).
[
4]
Pr
ese
ntly
,
how
ever,
there
are
relat
ively
few
stud
ie
s
on
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
for
the
assessm
e
nt
of
interp
r
of
es
sion
al
le
arn
in
g betwe
en
m
idwifer
y s
tud
e
nts a
nd stu
den
ts
in othe
r heal
th
prof
e
ssion
s
.
Learn
i
ng
asse
s
sm
ent
m
us
t
no
t
on
ly
te
st
the
achievem
ent
of
le
arn
in
g
ob
j
e
ct
ives
bu
t
al
so
su
pport
the
le
arn
in
g
proce
ss
and
pr
ov
i
de
feed
bac
k
to
stud
e
nts
relat
ed
to
their
progre
ss
in
achievin
g
the
ob
j
e
ct
ives
.
This
app
li
es
al
so
in
assessi
ng
in
te
rp
r
ofessi
onal
com
petences.
Sever
al
stu
dies
hav
e
re
por
te
d
on
the
le
arn
i
ng
assessm
ent
syst
e
m
s.
[5
-
8]
one
su
c
h
a
ppr
oac
h
is
t
he
us
e
of
ref
le
ct
ive
port
fo
li
os.
[9]
T
his
ap
proac
h
has
bee
n
widely
use
d
i
n
var
i
ou
s
le
ve
ls
an
d
co
nte
xts
of
e
ducat
ion,
incl
ud
i
ng
m
idwifer
y
e
du
cat
io
n
[
10
-
13]
a
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
E
val & R
es Educ
.
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8822
Ho
w
does
port
foli
o
asse
ss i
nterprofe
ssio
na
l
le
ar
ni
ng o
f
me
dical
and ...
(
Bulan K
akanita
Hermas
ar
i
)
393
edu
cat
io
n
for
oth
e
r
healt
h
pr
of
essi
ons.
[
14]
Howe
ver,
re
ports
on
portf
ol
io
us
e
i
n
inter
prof
e
ssio
nal
le
arn
i
ng,
betwee
n
m
idwifer
y a
nd o
t
her
healt
h p
r
of
e
ssion stu
de
nts,
a
r
e lim
it
ed
[9
, 1
5]
.
To
asse
ss
the
e
ff
ect
ive
ness
of
portf
olios
f
or
te
sti
ng
I
PE
le
a
rn
i
ng
ob
j
ect
ive
s,
eval
uatio
n
a
nd
le
ar
ning
are
need
e
d
[16,
17]
to
e
nsu
re
that
t
he
por
tfolio
is
reli
ab
le
and
acco
unta
ble.
[18]
IPE
ref
le
ct
ive
por
tfolio
evaluati
ons
w
ere
co
nducte
d
by
Do
m
ac
et
al
.,
[9]
w
ho
con
cl
ud
e
d
that
stud
e
nt
ref
le
c
ti
on
s
in
the
portf
olio
accuratel
y
des
cribe
their
I
PE
achievem
ent
and
c
om
petence
dev
el
opm
ent.
In
fact,
t
he
portf
olios
as
ge
ner
al
ly
con
cei
ved
c
onsist
no
t
on
ly
of
ref
le
ct
ion
but
al
so
show
m
ea
su
ra
ble
evide
nc
e
of
le
arn
i
ng
and
work
plan
s
to
be
able
to
desc
rib
e
the
ac
hieve
m
ent
of
com
petence.
[10,
11
,
14,
19,
20]
T
her
e
fore,
this
s
tud
y
a
naly
zed
entire
par
ts
of
st
ud
e
nt
s’
portf
olio
to
assess
the
por
tfolios
’
a
bili
ty
to
prom
ote
m
i
dw
i
fer
y
st
ud
e
nt
s’
I
PE
le
a
rn
i
ng.
I
n
add
it
io
n,
i
n
c
ontrast
with
othe
r
stu
dies,
t
his
stud
y
e
valuat
ed
the
achie
ve
m
ent
of
IP
E
c
om
petencies
ba
sed
o
n
four co
r
e c
om
petencies p
rovi
de
d by I
PEC
[
4]
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
This
stu
dy
w
as
qual
it
at
ive
researc
h
t
hat
involve
d
cal
culat
in
g
t
he
f
reque
ncy
of
ind
ic
at
io
ns
of
do
m
inance
or
powe
r
over
a
par
ti
cula
r
issu
e
us
in
g
co
nten
t
analy
sis
te
chn
iq
ues
[
21,
22]
.
The
m
a
te
rial
was
60
portf
olios
of
m
edical
stu
den
ts
an
d
m
idwifery
stud
e
nts
who
took
t
he
i
nter
prof
e
ssio
nal
le
arn
i
ng
m
od
ule
in
th
e
Faculty
of
M
edici
ne,
Un
i
ve
rsita
s
Sebelas
Ma
ret,
Su
ra
ka
rta,
I
ndon
esi
a,
in
Jan
uar
y
-
Februa
ry
2016
.
This
interp
rofessi
onal
le
arn
in
g
wa
s
ta
ken
by
5
unde
r
gr
a
du
at
e
m
edical
stud
e
nt
s
and
10
unde
rgraduate
m
idwifer
y
stud
e
nts
in
the
con
te
xt
of
m
at
ern
al
and
child
healt
h
s
erv
ic
es.
T
he
inter
prof
es
sio
na
l
le
arn
ing
po
rtfo
li
os
consi
ste
d
of
f
our
sect
ions:
on
e
is
co
rr
es
pond
ing
t
o
eac
h
of
weeks
1
to
3
a
nd
one
c
onta
in
ing
final
ref
le
c
ti
on
s.
Nex
t,
f
ur
the
r
e
xp
l
or
at
io
n of
a
ll
1
5
stu
de
nts’ si
tuati
on
was
done
t
o
co
nfi
rm
the r
es
ults of
t
he
po
rtfo
li
o an
al
ysi
s.
Ex
plo
rati
on
u
s
ed
a
quest
io
nnai
re contai
n
in
g o
pen
-
e
nd
e
d q
uestio
ns
.
This
st
ud
y
us
e
d
c
od
i
ng
guide
li
nes
de
velo
pe
d
by
the
a
ut
hor
based
on
t
he
four
co
re
c
ompete
ncies
of
IP
E
set
by
I
P
EC
[4]
an
d
f
our
portf
olio
as
sessm
ent
crit
eria:
the
le
vel
of
ref
le
ct
io
n,
th
e
qu
al
it
y
of
le
arn
i
ng
evide
nce,
t
he u
se of
releva
nt refere
nces,
and
the quali
ty
o
f
the
wor
k plan.
The
data
we
r
e
colle
ct
ed
by
gathe
rin
g
a
nd
c
op
yi
ng
st
udents
’
portf
olios,
us
i
ng
a
to
ta
l
sa
m
pling
m
et
ho
d
be
caus
e
the
ov
e
rall
am
ou
nt
of
data
app
ea
re
d
ap
propriat
e
for
the
purpose
of
th
e
stud
y.
T
he
con
te
nt
analy
sis
te
ch
niq
ue
wa
s
us
ed
.
Co
ding
was
pe
rfor
m
ed
by
t
hr
ee
m
edical
edu
cat
io
n
ex
pert
s.
I
niti
al
ly
,
the
first
cod
e
r
a
naly
zed
four
por
t
fo
li
os
of
m
edical
stud
ents
a
nd
ei
ght
portf
olios
of
m
idwifer
y
stu
de
nts,
a
nd
t
hen
dr
e
w
up
a
li
st
of
c
odes
and
a
c
od
i
ng
schem
e.
The
se
wer
e
s
har
e
d
with
two
oth
e
r
co
der
s
,
w
ho
us
e
d
them
to
a
naly
ze
the
sam
e
do
cu
m
ent
analy
zed
by
the
first
c
od
e
r,
a
nd
the
n
the
agr
e
em
ent
was
cal
culat
ed
am
on
g
the
resu
lt
s
(k
a
ppa>0
.78).
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
the
c
od
e
rs
a
nal
yz
ed
the
rem
a
ining
po
rtfo
li
o
docum
ents
in
su
ccessi
on
to
form
cod
e
s, gr
oups,
cat
egories, a
nd
d
e
rive
m
eanin
gs
.
Ethic
al
cl
earance
was
iss
ue
d
by
the
et
hics
com
m
itt
ee
of
the
Moewa
rd
i
H
ospit
al
(N
o.
56
/
I/HREC/
20
16).
The
stu
de
nts
had
bee
n
i
nfor
m
ed
that
pa
rtic
ipati
on
i
n
this
stu
dy
w
as
vo
l
un
ta
ry
an
d
woul
d
no
t a
ff
ect
t
heir final
c
ourse
m
ark
s
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
A
total
of
60
portf
olios
we
r
e
analy
zed
by
the
three
c
oders,
a
nd
15
stud
e
nt
quest
io
nnai
res
were
colle
ct
ed
a
nd a
naly
zed. The
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
of r
e
spo
nd
e
nts a
re show
n
in
Ta
ble 1.
Table
1.
C
har
a
ct
erist
ic
s o
f
s
tu
den
ts
Prof
ess
io
n
Gen
d
er
Total
Ag
e r
an
g
e
(y
ea
rs)
Male
Fe
m
ale
Medicin
e
2
3
5
23
–
24
Midwif
ery
-
10
10
20
–
21
Total
2
13
15
Mean 2
1
.5
3.1.
Portf
olio
a
n
aly
sis
Table
2
sho
ws
a
ll
the
cor
e
com
petencies
of
IP
E
-
I
nter
prof
e
ssion
al
Ethic
s,
Roles
and
Re
s
pons
i
bili
ti
es,
In
te
r
pro
fessio
na
l
Co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
an
d
Tea
m
s
and
Team
work
-
as
po
rtra
ye
d
in
the
stud
ents
’
ref
le
ct
ion
s
in
their
portf
olios
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8822
In
t.
J
.
Eval
.
&
Re
s
.
E
du
c
.
Vo
l
.
8
, No
.
3
,
Sept
e
m
ber
2019
:
392
-
400
394
Table
2.
Four I
PE
c
or
e c
om
petencies i
ll
us
trat
ed
in
the
port
fol
io
IPE
Co
re
Co
m
p
ete
n
cies
W
eek 1
W
eek 2
W
eek 3
Fin
al Ref
lectio
n
Total
Percentag
e
Valu
es an
d
E
th
ics
(VE
)
25
31
30
36
122
23
Ro
les an
d
Resp
o
n
s
ib
ilities (RR)
30
34
21
20
105
20
Interpro
f
ess
io
n
al Co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
CC
)
30
50
43
24
147
27
Tea
m
s
and
T
ea
m
w
o
rk (T
T
)
33
49
44
31
157
30
Total
531
Figure
1
s
how
s
the
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
of
t
he
em
erg
ence
of
inte
r
prof
e
ssio
nal
c
or
e
c
om
petenc
ie
s
in
stu
de
nt
ref
le
ct
io
ns
in
t
he
IPE
port
fo
li
os
.
All
codes
f
or
c
om
po
ne
nts
of
inte
rpr
of
es
sion
al
c
or
e
c
om
petencies
of
Values
and
Ethic
s
an
d
of
I
nter
pro
fes
sion
al
C
omm
u
nicat
ion
s
we
re
ref
le
ct
e
d
by
the
st
ud
e
nts.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
not
al
l
code
com
petencies
of
c
ore
c
om
petencies
of
R
oles
an
d
Re
s
ponsi
bili
ti
es,
and
Team
and
Tea
m
wo
rk
a
ppear
ed
on
stud
e
nt r
e
flect
ion.
Figure
1. Fr
e
quency
of a
pp
ea
ran
ce
of inte
rprofessio
nal c
ore com
petencies i
n portf
olio
refl
ect
ion
The
quotati
ons
fr
om
stud
ent
r
eflect
ion
s
on
th
e
m
os
t
do
m
inant
cod
e
f
r
om
‘V
al
ues
an
d
Ethic
s
(V
E
)
’
com
petency ar
e ex
plaine
d
in
Table
3.
Table
3.
A
naly
sis of
re
flect
io
ns
on inter
pro
f
essional
valu
es
and ethics
(
V
E)
c
om
petency com
po
ne
nts
Co
d
e
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Qu
o
tatio
n
s f
ro
m
St
u
d
en
t Ref
lectio
n
s
VE5
W
o
rkin
g
clo
sely
with
th
e
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
rece
iv
e
treat
m
en
t,
c
are
g
iv
ers,
an
d
o
th
ers
wh
o
co
n
tribu
te to o
r
su
p
p
o
rt
d
iseas
e preven
tio
n
and
h
ealth
car
e
“
At
th
is
stag
e,
w
e
m
eet
stak
eh
o
ld
ers
f
ro
m
th
e
KL
v
illag
e…we
(also
)
m
e
et
with
Mr
s.
RW
an
d
cadre
s
to
m
e
et
with
th
e
h
ead
o
f
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
rh
o
o
d
t
o
ask
f
o
r
p
er
m
iss
io
n
to
b
e
ab
le
to
r
ecord
th
e
citizen
s,
id
en
tif
y
the p
rob
lem
s
r
elated to
the h
ealth
of
m
o
th
ers
a
n
d
child
ren.” (
M2)
“
W
h
at
h
ap
p
en
s
d
u
ring
th
e
week
-
II
is
actu
ally
m
o
re
lead
in
g
to
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
co
o
rdin
atio
n
b
etween
th
e
stu
d
en
ts
(jun
io
r
d
o
cto
rs
an
d
m
id
wiv
es)
-
IP
E
T
ea
m
-
su
p
ervis
o
r
o
f
m
id
wif
er
y
-
h
ealth
center”
(M
1
4
)
VE7
De
m
o
n
strate
eth
ical
stan
d
ards
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
serv
ices
related
to
a
p
erso
n
’s
co
n
tribu
tio
n
to team
-
b
ased
ca
re
“
…we
ask
Mr
s.
A
f
o
r
ap
p
rov
al
[
so
]
we
can
co
m
e
ag
ai
n
to
m
o
r
row
with
th
e su
p
ervis
o
r.
M
r
s. A
f
in
ally
is willi
n
g
that we co
m
e
a
g
ain
….”
(
M2)
“
Becau
se
to
d
ig
u
p
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
p
atien
ts
requ
ire
s
g
o
o
d
eth
ics
an
d
h
o
n
esty
esp
ecially
at
th
is
stag
e
with
th
e
v
isit
to
o
u
r
c
lien
ts’
h
o
u
se
we
sh
o
u
ld
brin
g
ethical
m
an
n
e
rs
m
o
re
to
ex
p
lo
re
p
atien
t info
r
m
atio
n
” (
M12
)
“
Health
wo
rkers
m
u
st
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
attitu
d
e
esp
ecially
p
o
lite
in
sp
eech
,
actio
n
and
deter
m
i
n
e r
u
les an
d
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
s o
f
a
p
articular
are
a”
(M
6
)
Fu
rt
her
ex
plor
at
ion
of
st
ud
e
nts’
op
i
nions
and
le
a
rn
i
ng
thr
o
ugh
the
qu
est
ionnaire
re
vealed
w
hy
com
petence
com
po
ne
nts
V
E9
a
nd
VE
8
em
erg
ed
onl
y
ver
y
in
fr
e
quently
in
a
nal
ysi
s
of
t
he
portf
oli
o
ref
le
ct
io
ns
.
St
ud
e
nts
sta
te
d
that
com
po
ne
nt
VE8,
“Acts
with
ho
nesty
and
i
nteg
rity
i
n
relat
io
nships
wit
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
E
val & R
es Educ
.
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8822
Ho
w
does
port
foli
o
asse
ss i
nterprofe
ssio
na
l
le
ar
ni
ng o
f
me
dical
and ...
(
Bulan K
akanita
Hermas
ar
i
)
395
patie
nts,
fam
ili
es,
a
nd
ot
her
te
a
m
m
e
m
ber
s,”
need
e
d
not
be
wr
it
te
n
i
n
t
he
portf
olio
but
w
as
ne
ve
rtheless
ve
ry
i
m
po
rtant t
o
i
m
ple
m
ent.
“I
t
hin
k
t
he
c
ause
is
t
he
c
ompone
nt
is
no
t
v
ery
pro
mine
nt
in
the
sense
not
co
ns
i
dere
d
too
necess
ar
y
to
be
wri
tt
en
in
the
po
rtf
olio.
B
ut
in
fact
i
n
the
pr
ac
ti
ce
durin
g
the
le
ar
ni
ng I
PE
is
sti
ll
a
lw
ays us
ed”. (
M1
5)
“Beca
us
e
ho
ne
sty
is
do
ne
i
n
acc
or
da
nce
wi
th
eac
h
per
so
n’s
per
son
alit
y
and
c
an
be
seen
in
the
wri
ti
ng
of
the
res
pe
ct
iv
e
po
rtf
olio
so
I
thi
nk
the
po
i
nts
ho
nesty
do
e
s
not
need
to b
e
wri
tt
en.
As for
integrit
y
, a
ll
is
goin
g a
ccor
ding to
p
l
an th
at exist
s”.
(
M11
)
On
e
of
the
stu
den
ts
al
s
o
sta
te
d
a
reas
on
w
hy
com
po
ne
nt
VE
9,
“M
ana
gi
ng
a
n
et
hical
dilemm
a
on
interp
rofessi
onal
care
centere
d
on
th
e
sit
uation
of
the
patie
nt/pop
ulati
on,”
did
not
show
up
:
beca
us
e
th
ey
felt
there
was n
o
s
pecial
ethica
l d
il
e
m
m
a that oc
curred
du
rin
g
t
he
le
ar
ning.
“Beca
us
e
the
stud
e
nts
wh
o
pa
rti
ci
pate
in
the
IPE
progr
am
ar
e
alrea
dy
in
the
fi
na
l
semester
or
cl
i
nical
r
ota
ti
ons,
I
thi
nk
they
ha
ve
bee
n
ab
le
t
o
m
anage
et
hic
al
dile
mmas
so
tha
t t
hey t
he
et
hical thin
gs
wi
ll
n
ot b
e
highli
gh
te
d
by m
an
y
stud
e
nts in
the
po
rtf
olio.
T
he
n
also i
t seems
th
ere was
no spe
ci
al ethical
pro
blem d
ur
in
g IP
E yeste
rday”
. (M1
0)
The
quotati
ons
from
stud
ent
r
eflect
ion
s on
the
m
os
t
do
m
inant
co
de
f
r
om
‘Ro
le
s
a
nd
Re
s
pons
i
bili
ti
es
(RR)’
co
m
petency are
explai
ne
d
in
Ta
ble 4.
Table
4.
A
naly
sis of
re
flect
io
ns
on roles a
nd
r
es
pons
i
bili
ti
e
s
(RR)
com
petency com
pone
nts
Co
d
e
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Qu
o
tatio
n
s f
ro
m
St
u
d
en
t Ref
lectio
n
s
RR4
Clarif
y
th
e
roles
a
n
d
resp
o
n
si
b
ilities
o
f
o
th
er
serv
ice
p
rov
i
d
ers
an
d
h
o
w
tea
m
s
wo
rk to
g
eth
er
to
pro
v
id
e ca
re.
“
I
as
a
m
id
wif
e
h
elp
d
eliv
er
th
e
role,
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
d
u
ties
o
f
th
e
m
id
wif
e
in
th
e
cas
e…d
istrib
u
tio
n
o
f
wo
rk
accord
in
g
to
th
e
au
th
o
rity
o
f
eac
h
pro
f
ess
io
n
.”
(M
4
)
“
…I
a
m
d
e
m
an
d
ed
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
role
o
f
m
id
wiv
es
an
d
k
n
o
win
g
it
can
h
elp
m
e
u
n
d
erstand
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
aries
b
etween
th
e
role
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
p
rof
ess
io
n
s in
work
in
g
tog
eth
er.
” (
M
9
)
RR3
Related
to
d
iv
erse
h
ealth
p
rof
ess
io
n
al
s
th
at
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
o
n
e’s
p
erso
n
al
p
rof
ess
io
n
al
sk
ill
s,
as
well
as
t
h
e
ass
o
ciated
reso
u
rces,
to
d
ev
el
o
p
strateg
ies
to
m
eet
t
h
e
n
eeds
o
f
s
p
ecif
i
c
p
atien
t car
e.
“
…wh
at
p
rob
le
m
th
at
th
e
so
lu
tio
n
is
accord
in
g
to
o
u
r
resp
ectiv
e
co
m
p
et
en
ces.”
(M
1
0
)
“
W
e
v
isit
o
u
r
p
at
ien
ts
in
th
e
KL
v
illag
e.
Di
rectl
y
g
o
in
g
to
th
eir
h
o
u
ses
t
o
p
erfo
r
m
an
a
m
n
esis
with
su
p
ervis
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
h
ealth
cent
ers,
an
d
o
u
r
le
ctu
rer
Mr
s.
R
.
The
h
ealth
cent
er
is
v
e
ry
su
p
p
o
rtive
o
f
o
u
r
p
roject…”
(M
1
2
)“
It’
s
n
o
t
ab
o
u
t
m
y
jo
b
,
o
r
it’s
y
o
u
r
jo
b
,
b
u
t
to
g
eth
er
to
so
lv
e the p
rob
le
m
s
(
p
atie
n
ts)” (
M14
)
Com
po
ne
nt
RR
8
di
d
no
t
a
rise
beca
us
e
t
he
subj
ect
of
this
stud
y
was
st
udents
a
nd
they
ha
d
no
t
ye
t
beco
m
e
real
he
al
th
pro
fessio
nals.
T
he
refor
e
,
com
petency
r
el
at
ed
to
prof
e
ssion
al
de
velo
pm
ent
or
c
onti
nui
ng
interp
rofessi
onal
learnin
g was
not ap
plica
ble.
Table
5
sho
ws
the
quota
ti
on
s
from
st
ud
e
nt
ref
le
ct
ion
s
on
the
m
os
t
do
m
inant
cod
e
from
‘Inter
prof
es
sio
nal Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
(CC)’
com
petency.
Table
5.
A
naly
sis of
re
flect
io
ns
on inter
pro
f
essional c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
(CC)
com
petency c
om
po
ne
nts
Co
d
e
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Qu
o
tatio
n
s f
ro
m
St
u
d
en
t Ref
lectio
n
s
CC2
Measu
ring
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
th
e
p
atien
t,
f
a
m
il
y
,
an
d
m
e
m
b
ers
o
f
th
e
h
ealth
tea
m
in
an
in
telli
g
ib
le
for
m
,
an
d
av
o
id
in
g
s
p
ecific
p
rof
ess
io
n
ter
m
in
o
lo
g
y
when
ev
er
p
o
ss
ib
le.
“
…at
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
ses
sio
n
we
ask
Mr
s.
W
an
d
sh
e
h
as
alrea
d
y
u
n
d
ersto
o
d
ou
r
ex
p
lan
atio
n
” (
M6)
“
Ef
f
o
rts
o
n
ed
u
catio
n
p
ro
v
isio
n
can
b
e
ab
so
rbed
an
d
t
h
e
p
atien
t
u
n
d
erstand
s wh
at to say”
(M
2
)
“
…p
rov
id
e ans
wers in an easily
un
d
erstand
ab
le by
p
atie
n
t” (
M7)
CC4
Activ
ely
list
en
in
g
,
an
d
en
co
u
ragin
g
id
ea
s
an
d
o
p
in
io
n
s
f
ro
m
oth
er
tea
m
m
e
m
b
ers.
“
If
th
ere is
trou
b
le between
task
s
th
at
are d
iv
id
ed
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
s,
we
tell
each
o
th
er
an
d
g
iv
e
f
eedb
ack
t
h
at
can
h
elp
o
th
e
r
g
rou
p
m
e
m
b
e
rs”
(M
1
3
)
Fu
rt
her
e
xplo
r
at
ion
th
rou
gh
t
he
quest
io
nnai
re
re
vealed
why
com
petency
com
po
ne
nts
CC
5
an
d
CC
6
wer
e
ve
ry
rar
e
in
the
analy
sis
of
po
rtfo
li
o
refl
ect
ion
s.
O
n
CC
5,
stu
den
ts
di
d
not
feel
fr
ee
to
prov
i
de
fee
dbac
k
to a
fr
ie
nd
relat
ed
to
h
is/
her
pe
rfor
m
ance in
t
he
te
am
f
or
i
nt
erp
e
rs
on
al
or s
ocioc
ultur
al
re
aso
ns
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8822
In
t.
J
.
Eval
.
&
Re
s
.
E
du
c
.
Vo
l
.
8
, No
.
3
,
Sept
e
m
ber
2019
:
392
-
400
396
“I
think
i
t
do
e
s
no
t
show
up
because
I
do
not
ha
ve
a
hear
t
if
I
wan
t
to
e
xpress
ugly
fe
edback
on
th
e
ot
her
te
am
m
emb
e
rs
as
s
ociated
wi
th
the
pe
rforma
nce,
so
I
do
not
do
i
t
in practi
cal s
es
sion ei
ther”.
(M2)
As
for
CC
6,
stud
e
nts
sta
te
d
that
in
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
they
wer
e
accustom
ed
to
al
ways
us
ing
re
sp
ect
f
ul
la
nguag
e
,
s
o
it
did
not
nee
d
t
o
be
w
ritt
en
in
the
port
fo
li
o.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
stu
den
ts
al
s
o
sta
te
d
that
the
re
we
re
no
confli
ct
s that
oc
curred
du
rin
g l
earn
in
g.
“I
think
it
is
only
slowl
y
eme
rg
in
g
bec
ause
I
fe
el
it
is
ap
p
ro
pri
ate
to
use
respectf
ul
langua
ge
s
o
it
does
no
t
nee
d
to
ref
le
ct
.
I
n
pr
ac
ti
ce
it
is
al
ways
li
ke
tha
t
,
there
is
no
con
fl
ic
t”. (M
2)
Table
6
descr
i
be
s
the
quotati
on
s
from
stud
e
nt
ref
le
ct
io
ns
on
t
he
m
os
t
do
m
inant
cod
e
from
‘Tea
m
s
and Team
wo
r
k (TT
)’ com
peten
cy
.
Table
6.
A
naly
sis of
re
flect
io
ns
on team
s an
d
te
am
wo
r
k
(
T
T)
c
om
petency c
om
po
ne
nts
Code
Com
ponent
Quotat
ions f
rom
Student Re
fl
ecti
ons
TT8
Refl
e
ct
ing
on
the
per
for
m
anc
e
of
indi
viduals
and
te
ams
for
indi
vi
dual
s
and
te
ams
,
and
pe
rfo
rm
anc
e
improve
m
ent
s
“
Discuss
ions
in
the
IPE,
the
inte
rac
t
ion
has
b
ee
n
running
wel
l
but
I
'
m
stil
l
l
ac
k
i
ng
li
v
el
in
ess”
(
M4)
“
…if
fac
ing
a
ca
se
l
ike
th
is
i
n
a
diffe
r
ent
team
in
orde
r
to
conduc
t
interpro
fessional
col
l
abo
rat
ion
better
”
(M
10)
“
But
the
re
is
stil
l
a
la
ck
of
comm
unic
a
ti
on
be
twee
n
m
e
and
th
e
te
am wit
h
Mrs
.
A,
the pre
gn
ant
wom
an
we
visit
”
(M3)
TT7
Sharing
responsibil
ity
wit
h
othe
r
profe
ss
iona
ls,
pat
i
ent
s
,
and
comm
unic
at
ions
to
provid
e
h
ea
l
t
h
ca
r
e
and
disea
se
pr
eve
n
tion.
“
I
and
the
team
al
wa
y
s
d
ivi
d
e
tas
ks
and
role
s
in
i
nte
rve
n
ti
ons
to
pat
i
ent
s a
nd
th
eir fa
m
il
i
es”
(M3)
“
It
is
al
so
evi
de
nt
in
the
d
ivi
sio
n
of
role
s
and
re
spons
ibi
li
ties
of
ea
ch
m
ember.
Sukm
a
is
respo
nsible
for…m
y
dut
y
is…whil
e
Bria
n
compile
s
…”
(M9)
“
I
am
give
n
the
ta
sk
of
ini
t
ia
l
an
amnesis
about
th
e
health
of
th
e
pat
i
ent
and
fa
m
ily
[whi
le
]
m
idwive
s
per
form
ana
m
nesis
conc
ern
ing
m
id
wife
r
y
c
are”
(M
14)
Fu
rt
her
e
xp
l
orat
ion
thr
ough
a
qu
est
io
nnai
r
e
rev
eal
ed
the
reasons
w
hy
com
po
ne
nts
TT
2
an
d
TT1
0
did
no
t
a
pp
ea
r
in
the
a
naly
sis
of
the
por
tfolio
re
flect
io
ns
.
Re
gardin
g
TT2,
t
he
stu
den
ts
sta
te
d
t
hat
the
interp
rofessi
onal
le
arn
in
g
pr
ocess
nee
de
d
cl
ear
i
nfor
m
at
io
n
a
nd
r
ea
l
-
li
fe
exam
ples
relat
ed
to
et
hical
consens
us
i
n
s
erv
ic
e.
“S
tu
de
nts
sti
ll
need
ex
plan
at
ion
s
and
c
oncret
e
example
s
in
this
re
gard
(
co
ns
e
ns
us
et
hics)
”.
(
M10)
“Th
e
c
on
se
nsu
s
in
m
anagem
ent
[
is
]
base
d
on
a
stu
dy
th
at
we
kn
ow,
th
ough
[
it
doe
s
]
no
t
dire
ct
ly
ap
ply
in
all
as
pe
ct
s.
We
do
not
unde
rsta
nd
in
this
po
i
nt
an
d
to
how
t
o
wri
te
is n
ot
giv
en”. (
M1
4)
Re
la
te
d
to
co
m
petency
TT10
,
the
stu
den
ts
sta
te
d
that
integrati
ng
know
le
dg
e
a
nd
e
xp
erience
was
essenti
al
to o
ve
rco
m
e p
r
ob
le
m
s,
bu
t di
d no
t
f
eel
it
n
ee
de
d t
o
be
writ
te
n
in
the
portf
olio.
“I
n
my
opinio
n,
it
did
no
t
cr
os
s
in
the
stu
de
nt’s
mi
nd
to
wri
te
in
th
e
po
rtf
olio
because
i
t
is
no
t
re
quire
d
and
w
ha
t
is
done
is
ha
nd
l
ing
his
pr
oble
ms
wi
th
servi
c
e
deliv
ery
an
d
mo
re
s
pecif
ic
ally t
o
the
pati
en
t”. (M1
1)
The
c
onte
nt
a
na
ly
sis
of
the
stud
e
nt
ref
le
ct
io
ns
s
howe
d
that
the
portf
olios
wer
e
able
to
s
upport
IP
E
le
arn
in
g
betw
een
m
idwifery
and
m
edical
stud
e
nts
by
descr
i
bing
their
ac
hiev
e
m
ent
in
the
fou
r
interp
rofessi
onal
cor
e
com
petencies.
T
he
stud
e
nts
re
flect
ed
on
T
ea
m
s
and
Te
a
m
wo
r
k,
R
ole
an
d
Re
sp
onsi
bili
ti
e
s,
I
nter
prof
es
sion
al
C
omm
un
i
cat
ion
,
a
nd
Val
ues
a
nd
Et
hics
in
the
ir
portf
olios.
T
he
a
naly
sis
of
stud
e
nts’
re
flect
ion
s on
t
he
portf
olios
f
ollo
wed
the
guidel
ines o
f
D
om
ac
et
al
.
[
9]
a
nd Marg
al
it
et
al
.
,
[
23
]
a
nd
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
E
val & R
es Educ
.
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8822
Ho
w
does
port
foli
o
asse
ss i
nterprofe
ssio
na
l
le
ar
ni
ng o
f
me
dical
and ...
(
Bulan K
akanita
Hermas
ar
i
)
397
descr
i
bed
ho
w
the
st
ud
e
nts
c
on
s
olidate
d
th
ei
r
inter
pro
fess
ion
al
le
ar
ning
process
in
t
he
courses
an
d
m
et
the
four inter
pro
fe
ssion
al
c
ore
c
om
petencies.
The
stu
de
nts
sta
te
d
that
they
did
not
feel
it
i
m
po
rtant
to
ref
le
ct
on
TT2
c
om
petency
(ethical
consens
us
i
n
pa
ti
ent
care)
be
cause
they
i
ns
te
ad
need
cl
ea
r
inf
or
m
at
ion
an
d
real
-
li
fe
exa
m
ples
of
it
.
Gusta
fs
on
and
Be
nnet
[
24]
sta
te
d
that
the
abili
ty
to
r
eflect
is
aff
ect
ed
by
the
st
udents’
pr
i
or
kn
ow
le
dg
e
to
ward
t
he
m
at
erial
to
be
ref
le
ct
ed
on.
The
pr
i
or
kn
ow
le
dg
e
inclu
des
e
xp
e
rience
of
bei
ng
e
xp
os
e
d
to
t
he
re
le
vant
le
arn
in
g
e
nv
ir
on
m
ent
and
obser
vatio
n
of
a
ro
le
m
od
el
r
el
at
ed
to
the
gi
ven
c
on
te
nt.
[
25
-
27]
H
owev
er,
thi
s
interp
rofessi
onal
le
arn
ing
wa
s
the
first
IP
E
unde
rtake
n
by
stud
e
nts;
in
ad
diti
on
,
durin
g
the
le
arn
i
ng
process
,
an
ov
e
r
view
of
[
28
]
t
he
et
hica
l
consens
us
in
the
he
al
th
se
rvi
ce
was
not
give
n.
Thes
e
re
su
l
ts
pro
vid
e
evi
de
nce
of
t
he
need
f
or
the
i
ns
ti
t
ution
to
orga
nize
a
le
arn
in
g
m
eth
od
t
hat
disc
usse
s
the
et
hical
con
se
nsus
on
the
le
arn
in
g proces
s of stude
nts.
On
the
CC
5
c
om
petency,
stud
e
nts
did
not
feel
f
ree
to
pro
vid
e
fee
db
ac
k
to
t
heir
fr
ie
nd
s
beca
use
har
m
on
io
us
re
la
ti
on
s
an
d
m
ai
ntainin
g
their
relat
ion
s
hip
wer
e
m
or
e
i
m
portant.
In
ac
corda
nce
with
this
,
Suho
y
o
et
al
.
[
28
]
ex
plain
t
ha
t
in
countries
with
a
colle
ct
ivist
culture
s
uc
h
as
I
ndonesi
a,
stud
e
nts
feel
m
or
e
secur
e
w
hen
they
do
not
m
ake
a
m
ist
a
ke,
si
nce
they
per
cei
ve
m
is
ta
kes
as
disru
pting
a
go
od
gro
up
atm
os
ph
e
re; th
us
, pa
rtic
ipants
r
ef
raine
d from
g
ivi
ng an
y
ne
gative
feedbac
k.
In
the
VE
9
c
om
petency,
no
et
hical
dilem
m
a
was
sh
own
i
n
stu
den
t
s’
port
fo
li
os,
and
st
udents
ind
ic
at
ed
t
hat
there
we
re
no
e
thica
l
dilemm
a
s
f
ound
in
t
heir
le
ar
ning.
T
he
abse
nce
of
e
ve
nts
that
c
ou
l
d
be
a
trigg
e
r
of
re
fle
ct
ion
i
n
this
re
gard
a
ff
ect
e
d
how
stu
den
ts
wrote
thei
r
r
ef
le
ct
ion
s.
Lo
we
et
al
.
[25]
sta
te
d
th
at
the
interact
ion
of
stud
e
nts
ex
per
ie
ncin
g
var
i
ou
s
pro
blem
s
relat
ed
to
cl
ie
nt
s/pati
ents,
fr
ie
nd
s
,
an
d
colle
a
gue
s
cou
l
d
stim
ulate
ref
le
ct
ion.
S
uch
pro
blem
s
pu
s
he
d
stu
den
t
s’
thou
gh
t
pr
oc
ess
to
consi
der
oth
er
as
pects
su
c
h
as
reasonin
g
a
nd
decisi
on
-
m
aking,
wh
ic
h were
both
i
nclu
de
d i
n
the
proces
s
of r
e
flect
ion
.
Stud
e
nts
di
d
not
ref
le
ct
on
th
e
RR
8
com
petency
since
the
y
are
sti
ll
in
th
e
edu
cat
io
n
phases,
so
t
hat
it
is n
ot yet
r
el
ev
ant for
them
to
ref
le
ct
on c
on
t
inu
in
g p
rofessi
on
al
a
nd inte
rprofessio
nal
devel
op
m
ent.
In
a
ddit
ion
to
t
he
ab
sent
c
ompone
nts
m
entio
ne
d
a
bove,
se
ver
al
c
om
po
ne
nts
(
VE
8,
CC
6,
an
d
TT
10)
wer
e only
il
lustrate
d
in
lim
it
e
d
am
ou
nts
i
n
st
ud
e
nts’
re
flect
ion.
F
ur
t
her
ex
plorat
ion
in
dicat
ed
that
the
st
ud
e
nts
di
d
not
feel
th
ey
wer
e
i
m
po
rt
ant.
The
order
or
ty
pes
of
que
sti
on
s
f
or
ref
le
ct
ion
affe
ct
the
stud
e
nts’
re
flect
ion
process
.
[
24,
27,
29]
.
T
hese
prom
pts
act
to
stim
ulate
stud
ent
s
to
re
flect
and
ca
n
deter
m
ine
the
co
ntent
a
nd
dep
t
h
of
thei
r
ref
le
ct
io
n.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
fa
culty
s
sh
ould
determ
ine
the
ref
le
ct
io
n
ques
ti
on
s
pr
eci
sel
y
and
sp
eci
fical
ly
so
that st
udents
c
an per
form
sp
eci
fic ref
le
ct
io
ns.
[
29]
3.2.
Analysis
of p
or
tfoli
o
le
ar
nin
g
e
vidence
Each
stu
de
nt
ha
d
to
e
nclose
pro
of
of
le
ar
ni
ng
i
n
the
portf
olio
in
the
firs
t,
second
a
nd
t
hir
d
wee
k.
Evid
e
nce
of
l
earn
i
ng
was
a
naly
zed
by
de
te
rm
ining
c
ompli
ance
with
r
eflect
ion
s
on
ever
y
week.
T
able
7
rev
eal
s t
he num
ber
o
f piec
es
appr
opriat
e lea
rn
i
ng ev
i
den
ce
in reflec
ti
ons
each
week.
Table
7.
T
he
s
uitabil
it
y of
lea
rn
i
ng ev
i
den
ce
Ap
p
rop
riate
No
t app
rop
riate
W
eek
I
6
9
W
eek
II
8
7
W
eek
II
I
11
4
Total
25
20
Nex
t,
an
a
naly
sis
was
done
of
t
he
qual
it
y
of
le
a
rn
i
ng
e
vi
den
ce
in
25
stud
e
nts
who
ha
d
a
s
uitable
portf
olio
in
te
r
m
s
of
evide
nce
of
le
ar
ning
ba
sed
on
re
flect
ion.
T
he
qual
it
y
of
le
a
rn
i
ng
e
vid
e
nce
was
a
naly
zed
by
m
od
ify
ing
the
crit
eria
de
velo
ped
by
Re
es
an
d
S
heard
[30]
.
Ta
ble
8
sh
ows
t
hat
th
ere
we
re
only
three
stud
e
nts
w
ho
had
a
portf
olio
of
le
ar
ning
evide
nce
t
hat
was
a
uth
e
ntic
and
obj
ect
ive
and
descr
i
bed
stud
e
nt
le
arn
in
g
e
ffor
t
.
Table
8.
Q
ualit
y of
le
arn
i
ng e
vid
e
nce
Sco
re
Descripti
o
n
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
Portf
o
lio
s
1
Proo
f
of
in
d
iv
id
u
al eff
o
rt
(+)
;
o
b
jecti
v
e (
-
);
auth
en
tic (
-
)
9
2
Proo
f
of
in
d
iv
id
u
al eff
o
rt
(+)
; ob
jecti
v
e (
+);
auth
en
tic (
-
)
13
3
Proo
f
of
in
d
iv
id
u
al eff
o
rt
(+)
; ob
jecti
v
e (
+);
auth
en
tic (
+)
3
In
this
st
ud
y,
t
her
e
was
e
vid
e
nce
of
le
ar
ning
throu
gh
ref
le
c
ti
on
,
inc
reasin
gly
from
the
fi
rst
wee
k
t
o
the
final
ref
le
c
ti
on
s.
This
m
igh
t
be
due
to
t
he
ro
le
of
the
m
ento
r
in
e
valua
ti
ng
the
su
it
abi
li
ty
of
the
e
vide
nce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8822
In
t.
J
.
Eval
.
&
Re
s
.
E
du
c
.
Vo
l
.
8
, No
.
3
,
Sept
e
m
ber
2019
:
392
-
400
398
[29,
31
-
33]
A
m
entor
or
sup
erv
is
or
from
t
he
fac
ulty
eval
uated
t
he
stu
de
nt
port
fo
li
os
on
a
wee
kly
ba
sis
an
d
then,
dur
in
g
th
e
m
entor
in
g,
di
scusse
d
with
stud
e
nts
issues
relat
ed
to
the
interpro
fessio
nal
le
arn
in
g
pr
oces
s
and stu
de
nt po
rtfo
li
os.
[34]
A
t t
he
sam
e tim
e
, th
e
fac
ulty
superviso
r ga
ve
f
eedb
ac
k
t
o
t
he st
ud
e
nts.
Howe
ver,
on
f
ur
t
her
an
al
ysi
s,
it
was
found
that
on
ly
a
sm
al
l
per
centag
e
of
stu
de
nts
wer
e
a
ble
to
pro
vid
e
a
uth
e
nt
ic
eviden
ce
of
le
arn
in
g
that
a
lso
desc
ribe
d
a
uth
e
ntic
ind
i
vid
ual
le
ar
ning
e
ffor
ts
a
nd
obj
e
ct
ive
evide
nce
f
r
om
per
f
or
m
ance
-
base
d
asses
sm
ent.
Gatheri
ng
a
uth
e
ntic
and
obj
ect
iv
e
evide
nce,
s
uch
a
s
recordi
ngs
of
conve
rsati
ons
in
te
a
m
s,
or
te
a
m
int
eracti
on
vi
deo
s
i
n
(s
i
m
ulate
d)
patie
nt
care
co
nte
xts,
or
interp
rofessi
onal
assessm
ent
ru
bri
c,
is
dif
ficult
.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
the
sm
al
l
num
ber
of
st
uden
ts
pro
vid
in
g
e
vi
den
c
e
they
had
m
et
s
tud
e
nt
le
arn
in
g
obj
ect
ives
m
i
gh
t
be
due
to
la
ck
of
ex
plana
ti
on
to
stu
den
t
s
and
facu
lt
y
tuto
rs
that
an
In
te
rpr
of
essi
onal
Col
la
borati
ve
Asse
ssm
ent
Rub
ri
c
(I
C
AR)
s
hee
t
[35]
an
d
a
t
ut
or
’
s
fee
dback
s
heet
wer
e
highly
reco
m
m
end
ed
t
o
at
ta
ch
as
eviden
ce
of
le
arn
i
ng
portf
olios
.
Chall
is
[36]
ex
pl
ai
ned
that
stu
den
ts
cou
l
d
c
hoos
e
t
he
e
vid
e
nce of
le
arn
in
g
t
hat wou
l
d
be
at
ta
ch
e
d
t
o
the
p
ort
f
olio,
but
the
sou
r
ce
an
d
obj
ect
i
ve
s
of
le
arn
in
g
e
vid
e
nce att
ache
d h
ad
to
b
e
clea
rly
explai
ned b
y
the
facu
lt
y.
3.3.
Analysis
of work
plans
Each
stu
de
nt
wrote
a
w
ork
pl
an
base
d
on
t
he
ir
or
t
fo
li
o
ref
l
ect
ion
by
the
e
nd
of
the
first,
seco
nd,
an
d
third
week,
an
d
then
the
fina
l
ref
le
ct
ion
s.
T
he
w
ork
pla
n
was
analy
zed
by
determ
ining
com
pliance
with
the
ref
le
ct
io
ns
an
d
loo
ki
ng
for
co
ncr
et
e
evi
den
c
e
or
abse
nce
of
evide
nce
of
the
w
ork
pla
n.
Table
9
desc
ri
bes
the
nu
m
ber
of
a
ppropr
ia
te
an
d
c
on
c
rete
w
ork
plans
in
t
he
portf
olios
unti
l
the
first
wee
k
-
end
ref
le
ct
io
ns.
The
resu
lt
s s
how
th
at
at le
ast
1
0 o
ut of a
t
otal o
f 15 stu
den
ts
w
e
re ab
le
t
o pr
e
pa
re a wor
k plan that
was
a
ppr
opriat
e
and co
nc
rete.
Table
9.
T
otal
su
it
able a
nd concrete
w
ork plans
Po
rtf
o
lio
s th
at have
su
itab
le and
co
n
crete
work
plan
s
W
eek 1
14
W
eek 2
11
W
eek 3
10
Fin
al Ref
lectio
n
10
Total
45
The
wor
k
pla
n
incl
ud
e
d
a
l
earn
i
ng
phase
base
d
on
e
xpe
rience.
K
olb,
in
Chall
is,
[36]
sta
te
d
that
exp
e
rience
ref
l
ect
ed
on
can
be
gen
e
rali
zed
t
o
ap
ply
to
ne
w
le
ar
ning
ex
per
ie
nces.
In
t
his
stu
dy,
the
resu
lt
s
sh
owe
d
that
a
ppr
opriat
e
co
ncret
e
work
plan
s
wen
t
sli
ghtl
y
dow
nh
il
l
from
the
first
week
of
t
he
po
rtfo
li
o
un
ti
l
the
final
ref
le
c
ti
on
,
rem
ai
nin
g
ste
ady
in
we
eks
I
I
a
nd
III.
Howe
ver,
at
le
ast
two
-
t
hir
ds
of
t
he
stu
de
nts
were
sti
ll
able
to
plan
ap
propriat
e
and
co
ncr
et
e
work
;
an
d
al
m
os
t
al
l
stud
ent
s
wer
e
able
to
plan
ap
propri
at
e
and
con
c
rete
wor
k
in
the
port
fo
li
o
in
wee
k
I
.
T
hi
s
fin
ding
m
igh
t
be
beca
us
e
t
he
stu
den
t
ta
s
k
f
or
the
seco
nd
week
of
inter
profess
ion
al
le
ar
ning
was
relat
ively
easy
for
st
ude
nts,
nam
el
y
to
identify
pro
bl
e
m
s
and
nee
ds.
T
his
was
co
ns
ist
ent
with
Mi
tc
hell
[10]
an
d
Mu
r
phy
et
al
.
[13]
w
ho
e
xpla
ined
t
hat
cl
ear
ta
sk
s
or
in
structi
on
s
aff
ec
t
the s
uccess
of the
portf
olio.
In
the
seco
nd
and
thir
d
wee
ks,
stud
e
nt
wor
k
plans
wer
e
c
on
sist
e
ntly
appropr
ia
te
an
d
co
ncr
et
e.
T
his
m
igh
t
be
cau
se
d
by
the
IP
E
a
ct
ivit
ie
s
in
those
wee
ks
,
wh
ic
h
m
igh
t
hav
e
overla
pp
e
d.
In
weeks
II
an
d
I
II
,
t
he
stud
e
nts’
ta
s
k
was
to
pr
i
or
i
ti
ze
issues
an
d
de
vel
op
pro
po
s
al
s
for
hea
lt
h
interve
ntio
ns
with
patie
nt
s
and
fam
i
li
es.
I
m
ple
m
entat
ion
in
the
fiel
d
w
ould
va
ry
gr
eat
ly
dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
natu
re
of
the
case
or
he
al
th
pro
blem
,
the
pr
ogre
ssio
n
of
the
co
unsel
ing
process
under
su
pe
r
visin
g
he
al
th
centers
or
insti
tuti
o
ns
,
a
nd
th
e
will
ing
ne
ss
of
patie
nts
an
d
fa
m
ilies
to
be
in
te
rv
e
ned.
T
hes
e
aspects
le
d
t
o
a
ti
m
e
lim
it
on
eac
h
ta
s
k
t
hat
the
stud
e
nt
co
uld
no
t
easi
ly
determ
ine.
Final
ref
le
ct
ion
on
th
e
portfo
li
o
require
d
the
stu
de
nts
to
ref
le
ct
on
the
whole
relat
ed
inter
prof
es
sio
na
l
and
we
re
li
nked
t
o
wh
e
n
th
e
stud
e
nt
had
beco
m
e
a
healt
h
pr
of
essi
onal
.
This
require
d
a
cl
ear
pictu
re
of
the
prof
es
sio
ns
of
do
ct
or
s
a
nd
m
idwiv
e
s
an
d
th
ei
r
ro
le
s
i
n
hea
lt
h,
w
hich
m
igh
t
sti
ll
be
di
ff
ic
ult
f
or
stu
den
ts
to
c
on
ce
ptu
al
iz
e
be
cause
they
ha
v
e
ne
ve
r
ex
pe
rience
d
it
dir
ect
ly
.
The
abili
ty
to
ref
le
ct
w
a
s in
fl
uen
ce
d by st
udents’ p
rior kn
owle
dge
of the c
on
te
nt b
ei
ng r
e
flect
ed
[
25,
37]
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
res
ults
in
dicat
e
that
the
portf
olio
is
able
to
assess
the
le
arn
in
g
of
m
idwifer
y
a
nd
m
edical
stud
e
nts
in
the
con
te
xt
of
co
m
m
un
it
y
-
base
d
m
a
te
rn
al
and
childre
n
’s
he
a
lt
h
care.
The
portf
olio
is
al
so
able
to
encou
rag
e
stu
den
ts
to
prepa
re
a
c
oncrete,
appr
opriat
e
w
ork
plan
or
stud
y
pla
n
f
or
t
heir
i
nter
prof
e
ssion
a
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
E
val & R
es Educ
.
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8822
Ho
w
does
port
foli
o
asse
ss i
nterprofe
ssio
na
l
le
ar
ni
ng o
f
me
dical
and ...
(
Bulan K
akanita
Hermas
ar
i
)
399
le
arn
in
g.
How
ever,
in
this
stud
y,
the
us
e
of
the
portf
olio
was
un
a
ble
to
enc
oura
ge
the
stud
e
nts
to
locat
e
authe
ntic an
d o
bj
ect
iv
e lea
r
nin
g evi
den
ce
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
auth
or
would
li
ke
to
thank
Y
unia
Hast
a
m
i
and
Sit
i
M
un
a
wa
roh,
w
ho
ha
ve
been
ve
ry
helpful
in
the
process
of
data
analy
sis.
The
aut
hor
al
s
o
tha
nk
s
t
he
IPE
te
a
m
of
Fac
ulty
of
Me
dici
ne
U
niv
e
rsi
ta
s
Sebelas
Ma
ret:
Ar
i
N
at
al
ia
Pr
ob
a
nd
ari;
Eti
Po
nc
ori
ni
Pam
un
gka
sari
;
Sr
i
A
ngga
rini;
Am
and
ha
Boy
Tim
or
;
a
nd
Zulai
ka N
ur
A
fifah as
well
as
stu
den
ts
w
ho
hav
e
p
a
rtic
ipate
d
act
ively
a
nd h
el
pe
d
t
he res
earch
pro
ce
ss.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
W
a
y
,
"
Consi
stent
,
qu
al
i
t
y
m
idwife
r
y
ca
r
e:
H
ow
m
idwife
r
y
e
duca
t
ion
and
th
e
role
of
the
m
i
dwife
teac
h
er
ar
e
important
cont
ri
buti
ons t
o
the l
a
nce
t
seri
es,
"
Mid
wif
ery
,
2016
.
[2]
M.
J.
Renf
rew
e
t
al.,
"
Midwifer
y
and
qua
li
t
y
care:
Findings
from
a
new
ev
ide
n
ce
-
i
nform
ed
fra
m
ework
for
m
at
e
rna
l
and
newborn
car
e,
"
La
nc
e
t
,
vo
l.
384
(
9948
)
,
pp
.
1
129
-
1145,
2014
.
[3]
Inte
rna
ti
o
na
l
Co
nfe
der
a
ti
on
of
Midwives,
"I
nternat
ion
al
con
fed
era
t
ion
of
m
idwi
ves
e
ss
ent
ial
co
m
pet
enc
i
es
for
b
a
sic
m
idwife
r
y
pra
ct
i
ce
,
"
2010.
[4]
Inte
rprofe
ss
ional
Educ
ation
Coll
abor
ative
Exp
er
t
Panel
,
"
Core
compete
nc
ie
s
fo
r
int
erp
rof
essional
collabor
at
iv
e
pra
ctice
:
R
epor
t
of
an expe
r
t
p
an
el
,
"
W
ashingt
on
DC,
2011.
[5]
R.
McNai
r,
N.
Stone,
J.
Sim
s,
and
C.
Curti
s,
"
Aus
tra
li
an
ev
idence
for
int
erp
ro
f
essiona
l
educat
i
on
cont
ribut
ing
to
eff
ective teamw
ork
pre
pa
ration
and
in
te
rest
in
ru
ral
pr
actice,
"
J. I
nte
rpr
of.
Care
,
v
ol.
19
(
6
)
,
pp
.
57
9
-
594,
2005
.
[6]
C.
O’H
al
lora
n
,
S.
Hea
n,
D.
H
u
m
phris,
and
J.
Mac
le
od
-
C
la
rk
,
"
Deve
lopi
ng
co
m
m
on
le
arn
ing:
T
he
new
gen
erati
on
proje
c
t
unde
rgra
duat
e
cur
r
ic
ulum
m
odel
,
"
J. I
nt
erprof.
Care
,
vol
.
20
(
1
)
,
pp
.
12
-
28
,
2006.
[7]
E.
Bate,
J.
Homm
es,
R.
Duvivie
r,
and
D.
C.
M.
Tay
lor,
"
Proble
m
-
base
d
le
arn
in
g
(PBL):
G
et
ti
n
g
the
m
ost
out
of
y
our
student
s
-
t
hei
r
ro
le
s
and
r
e
spon
sibil
it
i
es:
A
MEE
Guide
No
.
84,
"
Me
d
.
Tea
ch
.
,
vol. 36
(
1
)
,
pp.
1
-
12,
2014
.
[8]
P.
Solom
on
et
al
.
,
"
Esta
b
li
shing
f
ac
e
and
cont
en
t
val
idit
y
of
the
M
cMa
ster
-
Ott
awa
te
am
observe
d
st
ruc
t
ure
d
cl
inica
l
enc
ount
er
(
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t
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t
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-
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ear
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