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y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
to
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
th
i
n
k
in
g
.
E
n
tr
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r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
I
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
m
o
d
er
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er
a,
m
a
n
y
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n
itia
tiv
e
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h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tak
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n
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
ac
tio
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
ai
n
l
y
e
m
p
h
asizi
n
g
o
n
lear
n
i
n
g
b
y
d
o
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n
g
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
etti
n
g
a
n
d
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
te
x
t
r
ath
er
th
an
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
-
b
ased
lik
e
teac
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
ca
n
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
e
n
tr
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r
en
eu
r
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
cr
ea
te
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
eir
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
ese
ca
n
h
e
lp
th
eir
g
r
ad
u
ates
to
b
ec
o
m
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
k
e
y
p
er
s
o
n
in
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
n
s
tad
t
[
6
]
,
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
a
m
er
g
i
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
is
th
e
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
w
h
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
ev
ail
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lect
u
r
es
an
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies.
Des
p
ite
th
at,
th
e
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ed
u
ca
tes
t
h
e
lear
n
er
s
o
n
h
o
w
to
b
eh
av
e
en
t
r
ep
r
en
eu
r
iall
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
w
h
o
e
n
g
ag
e
i
n
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
[
6
]
.
Ma
n
y
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
ar
e
ac
tu
all
y
co
n
tr
ac
tu
al
l
y
b
et
wee
n
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
a
n
d
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
w
a
y
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
w
a
y
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
is
m
ain
l
y
s
t
an
d
ar
d
ized
,
co
n
ten
t
f
o
cu
s
ed
,
p
ass
iv
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a
n
d
s
in
g
le
-
s
u
b
j
ec
t
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
.
Me
a
n
w
h
il
e,
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
w
a
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tin
g
i
s
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
,
ac
tiv
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
-
b
ased
,
p
r
o
j
ec
t
ce
n
tr
ic,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e,
ex
p
er
ien
tial
an
d
m
u
ltid
is
c
ip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
,
a
f
e
w
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
tr
i
k
i
n
g
s
i
m
ilar
i
ties
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
o
f
w
a
y
ed
u
ca
ti
n
g
o
r
teac
h
in
g
[
7
]
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
g
en
er
a
l
a
w
ar
e
n
ess
i
s
v
er
y
lo
w
.
Oth
er
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
w
i
th
s
i
m
i
l
ar
ities
to
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
[
8
]
,
s
itu
ated
lear
n
in
g
[
9
]
,
s
er
v
ice
-
lear
n
in
g
[
1
0
]
,
p
r
o
b
lem
o
r
p
r
o
j
ec
t
b
ased
teac
h
[
1
1
]
ad
u
lt lea
r
n
i
n
g
[
1
2
]
,
co
g
n
itiv
e
ap
p
r
en
ticesh
ip
[
1
3
]
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
iv
i
s
t le
ar
n
in
g
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
lear
n
i
n
g
also
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
r
o
le
m
o
d
els.
I
n
a
s
t
u
d
y
d
o
n
e
b
y
Z
o
zi
m
o
et
al.
[
1
5
]
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
ti
f
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
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n
o
f
r
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le
m
o
d
els
th
a
t
th
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
lear
n
m
er
el
y
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
ex
p
o
s
ed
t
o
r
o
le
m
o
d
els,
b
u
t
m
o
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e
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
,
th
e
y
lear
n
it
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
r
o
le
m
o
d
els
in
d
i
s
tin
c
t
s
o
cial
co
n
te
x
ts
s
u
c
h
as
h
o
m
e
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
UK
b
y
P
r
ee
d
y
an
d
J
o
n
es
[
1
6
]
an
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ca
n
lear
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
iall
y
in
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
t
h
at
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
’
in
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
to
g
et
h
er
s
a
m
e
m
i
n
d
ed
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
ith
s
a
m
e
g
o
als,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
ca
r
e
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
es so
cia
l p
r
o
ce
s
s
es o
f
g
r
o
u
p
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
t
h
at
m
a
y
al
s
o
ac
t a
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
asi
s
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
lear
n
i
n
g
,
as
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
s
o
ciall
y
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ef
lectin
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
t th
e
m
s
e
lv
e
s
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l b
eh
a
vio
u
r
s
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Gar
tn
er
an
d
C
ar
ter
[
1
7
]
,
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
is
m
ain
l
y
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
w
h
ic
h
is
b
asicall
y
all
ab
o
u
t
an
o
r
g
an
izin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
esta
b
lis
h
i
n
g
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es,
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
p
la
y
s
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
as
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tco
m
e
in
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
L
iao
an
d
W
elsch
[
1
8
]
,
th
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
is
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
a
s
er
ies
o
f
a
te
m
p
o
r
al
ac
ti
v
itie
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
t
h
e
cr
itical
p
ar
t
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
f
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
ar
e
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
ir
m
o
r
g
a
n
izi
n
g
wh
ich
i
s
a
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
w
h
er
e
it is
v
er
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt to
s
ep
ar
ate
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
a
l
[
1
7
]
.
B
ased
o
n
P
an
el
Stu
d
y
o
f
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
D
y
n
a
m
ic
s
(
P
SED)
,
L
iao
an
d
W
elsc
h
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
2
6
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
o
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
t
h
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
eir
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
L
iao
an
d
W
elsc
h
[
1
8
]
th
e
s
e
2
6
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
ca
n
b
e
d
i
v
id
ed
u
n
d
er
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
;
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
it
ies,
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
m
b
in
atio
n
,
m
ar
k
et
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
a
n
d
estab
lis
h
in
g
le
g
iti
m
ac
y
.
T
h
ese
f
o
u
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ar
e
co
m
p
a
tib
le
w
it
h
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
w
h
ic
h
is
li
s
ted
b
y
Gar
tn
er
an
d
C
ar
ter
[
1
7
]
;
an
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
co
u
ld
u
s
e
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
eir
e
x
is
te
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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8822
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
ch
2
0
2
0
:
2
5
2
-
260
254
B
asicall
y
,
p
lan
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
in
ten
t
io
n
w
h
ich
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
th
e
g
o
als
o
f
th
e
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
w
h
ile
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
t
h
eir
le
g
iti
m
ac
y
r
elate
d
to
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
o
f
wh
ich
d
i
s
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
s
th
e
f
ir
m
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
an
d
m
ar
k
et
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
ar
e
also
w
e
ll
attu
n
ed
w
i
th
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
ex
ch
an
g
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
to
th
is
,
W
illi
a
m
s
-
Mid
d
leto
n
[
1
9
]
h
as
co
m
b
in
ed
th
ese
2
6
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
s
b
y
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
B
ar
o
n
[
2
0
]
,
C
h
u
r
c
h
ill a
n
d
B
y
g
r
av
e
[
2
1
]
,
Hac
k
et
a
n
d
D
ilts
[
2
2
]
,
Har
m
o
n
et
al.
[
2
3
]
an
d
R
e
y
n
o
ld
s
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
.
No
n
eth
eles
s
,
n
o
o
n
e
h
a
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
s
th
at
all
th
e
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
o
r
s
u
r
v
e
y
b
e
f
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
o
n
a
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Gar
tn
er
an
d
C
ar
ter
[
1
7
]
,
an
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
h
a
v
e
f
o
u
r
m
a
in
b
ir
t
h
d
a
y
s
;
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t,
f
i
n
an
cia
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
ales
an
d
h
i
r
in
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
all
th
ese
ac
tio
n
s
m
a
y
tak
e
p
lace
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ti
m
es
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
ate
g
o
r
ies
[
1
8
]
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
an
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
m
a
y
also
n
ee
d
to
estab
lis
h
all
o
r
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
o
r
at
tr
ib
u
tes
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
i
n
ts
o
f
ti
m
es
i
f
h
e/
s
h
e
i
s
i
n
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
l
y
to
f
o
r
m
an
d
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
[
1
8
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
W
illi
a
m
s
-
Mid
d
leto
n
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
r
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
a
ttrib
u
te
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
i
ts
el
f
,
b
u
t
it
is
a
ls
o
co
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
y
in
ter
ac
t
with
.
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
r
elies
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
as
w
el
l
as
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
ai
n
l
y
co
n
s
tit
u
tes
o
f
f
i
v
e
m
aj
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
;
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
p
o
licies
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l
an
d
b
u
s
i
n
ess
s
k
i
lls
,
f
in
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
b
u
s
in
ess
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
in
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
b
u
s
in
ess
es
[
2
6
]
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
in
a
co
u
n
tr
y
ca
n
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
b
u
s
i
n
ess
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
m
ai
n
l
y
,
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
a
n
d
b
u
s
i
n
ess
s
k
i
ll
as
s
u
g
g
es
ted
b
y
G
n
y
a
w
ali
an
d
F
o
g
el
[
2
6
]
an
d
also
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Ga
m
a
g
e
[
2
8
]
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
m
an
a
g
er
ial
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
i
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
co
n
te
x
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
r
b
asic a
ttrib
u
tes
f
o
r
a
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
.
Un
emp
lo
yme
n
t
s
itu
a
tio
n
T
h
e
er
a
o
f
f
u
ll
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
o
v
er
w
h
en
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
tr
y
i
n
g
to
en
ter
th
e
lab
o
u
r
m
ar
k
et
b
u
t
u
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
e
y
en
d
ed
u
p
b
ein
g
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
w
o
m
en
,
n
o
t
y
et
q
u
ali
f
ied
o
r
u
n
q
u
ali
f
i
ed
b
lu
e
-
co
llar
w
o
r
k
er
s
,
y
o
u
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
lea
v
er
s
,
i
m
m
i
g
r
a
n
ts
,
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
s
o
cial
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
al
w
a
y
s
h
ad
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
u
n
d
er
p
r
iv
ileg
ed
s
o
ciet
y
.
B
ased
o
n
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Av
tan
d
il
Sil
ag
ad
ze
[
2
9
]
an
d
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
is
a
n
ev
er
last
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
th
e
w
o
r
ld
,
w
h
ich
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
Fro
m
1
9
9
0
s
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
r
ate
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
w
as
w
i
th
i
n
5
.
9
%
–
6
.
3
%
w
h
i
ch
th
e
r
ate
w
as
h
i
g
h
er
i
n
2
0
0
2
an
d
lo
w
es
t
in
2
0
1
7
b
ef
o
r
e
h
its
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
f
in
a
n
cial
cr
is
is
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
[
2
9
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
A
v
er
ag
e
a
n
n
u
al
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t r
ate
(
%)
in
th
e
w
o
r
ld
,
1
9
9
1
–
2
0
1
4
*
Y
e
a
r
U
n
e
mp
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
R
a
t
e
(
%)
Y
e
a
r
U
n
e
mp
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
R
a
t
e
(
%)
1
9
9
1
6
.
2
9
9
2
0
0
3
6
.
4
4
8
1
9
9
2
5
.
8
8
8
2
0
0
4
6
.
3
1
0
1
9
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3
6
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1
1
4
2
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6
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5
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1
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*
T
h
e
W
o
r
l
d
B
a
n
k
d
a
t
a
a
r
e
u
se
d
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
O
n
o
w
a
[
3
0
]
,
th
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
o
f
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ta
ted
as
,
“
t
h
e
n
eg
a
tiv
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
an
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
p
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s
o
n
in
o
n
e
wh
o
d
esp
ite
h
is
w
i
lli
n
g
n
es
s
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
w
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r
k
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s
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ab
le
to
d
o
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f
o
r
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m
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i
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t i
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th
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n
izatio
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co
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m
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it
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”.
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e
m
p
lo
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en
t
s
it
u
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in
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ad
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er
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n
e
m
p
lo
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m
en
t
in
a
lar
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p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
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lab
o
u
r
f
o
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ce
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
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is
s
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n
o
w
in
alm
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s
t
all
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e
d
ev
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p
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an
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n
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er
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ev
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p
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co
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T
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a
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
R
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s
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.
I
SS
N:
2252
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8822
Leve
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in
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eu
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(
S
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kh
s
a
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255
So
m
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
u
n
e
m
p
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m
e
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t
i
s
o
f
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lead
s
to
m
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lth
.
Fe
w
r
ep
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r
ts
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
th
o
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p
eo
p
le
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it
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ca
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y
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ir
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p
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So
m
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f
t
h
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m
ar
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also
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av
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n
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f
ea
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at
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m
a
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.
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w
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o
m
d
is
ea
s
e
s
to
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
f
r
o
m
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
ill
n
ess
,
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
w
i
ll
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
c
h
a
n
ce
s
o
f
r
e
-
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
at
e
o
f
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
h
i
g
h
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
esp
ec
iall
y
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
leav
er
s
.
I
t
also
g
iv
e
s
h
i
g
h
r
i
s
e
to
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
ted
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
I
n
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
ca
s
es,
g
r
ad
u
ate
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
w
ith
t
h
e
le
v
els
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
tain
e
d
.
Stu
d
ie
s
b
y
Si
m
o
n
On
o
wa
[
3
0
]
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
g
r
ad
u
ate
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
r
ates
ar
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
r
ee
t
o
f
o
u
r
ti
m
es
co
m
p
ar
es
to
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
o
ld
er
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
b
ei
n
g
th
e
n
e
w
o
r
f
r
es
h
e
n
tr
an
t
s
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
to
ta
k
e
an
y
k
in
d
o
f
j
o
b
an
d
g
r
ab
th
e
n
e
w
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
ties
,
th
o
s
e
b
o
s
s
es
ar
e
n
o
t
r
ea
d
y
to
tak
e
th
e
m
i
n
as
th
e
y
n
ee
d
lab
o
u
r
f
o
r
ce
w
h
o
ar
e
w
ell
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
eir
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
f
a
s
t.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
o
u
r
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
i
tu
at
io
n
w
a
s
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
b
y
m
a
n
y
ex
p
er
ts
w
it
h
a
cr
itical
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
its
e
lf
w
h
o
ar
e
lack
in
g
i
n
r
elev
a
n
t
s
k
il
ls
.
E
x
p
er
ts
s
aid
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
r
esu
l
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
e
m
p
h
asi
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
r
ts
an
d
s
o
cial
s
c
ien
ce
s
b
y
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
.
T
h
is
i
s
a
f
ac
t o
f
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t so
u
r
ce
s
o
f
u
n
s
k
illed
g
r
ad
u
a
te
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
b
en
ef
i
ts
ar
e
also
p
lay
i
n
g
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
it
u
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
.
T
h
e
in
co
m
e
lev
el
o
f
th
e
g
r
ea
t
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
f
a
m
ilie
s
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
b
en
ef
it
s
v
ir
t
u
all
y
i
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
u
s
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
u
n
ab
le
to
f
in
d
j
o
b
s
o
r
th
ese
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
eir
p
r
ev
io
u
s
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
ts
ar
e
lef
t to
f
en
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
s
el
v
e
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
h
av
i
n
g
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
j
o
b
s
ee
k
er
s
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
ar
e
b
ein
g
f
o
r
ce
d
to
cr
ea
te
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
esp
ec
i
al
l
y
b
y
ta
k
in
g
p
ar
t
i
n
r
u
r
al
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
s
ec
to
r
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
f
o
r
ce
d
is
g
u
i
s
ed
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
te
x
t,
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
d
is
g
u
i
s
ed
l
y
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
an
d
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
ar
e
o
p
en
l
y
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
ar
e
b
ein
g
lu
m
p
ed
to
g
eth
er
as t
h
e
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
p
o
p
u
latio
n
e
x
p
lo
s
io
n
in
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
ec
ess
io
n
also
lead
s
to
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
it
u
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
n
o
lo
n
g
er
b
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
[
3
1
]
.
So
d
o
es
s
itu
atio
n
in
Ma
l
a
y
s
ia
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
atten
tio
n
an
d
ac
tio
n
to
co
m
b
at
th
is
i
s
s
u
e
w
is
e
l
y
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatel
y
.
Defin
itio
n
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
u
ers
h
i
p
:
A
n
I
s
la
mic
in
s
ig
h
t
B
y
d
e
f
in
itio
n
,
Da
v
i
s
[
3
2
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
is
co
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
o
r
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
(
E
n
g
li
s
h
)
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
d
r
e
in
Fre
n
ch
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e;
to
lau
n
c
h
;
to
b
eg
in
.
I
n
m
o
d
er
n
w
o
r
ld
,
‘
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
’
is
a
ls
o
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
‘
th
e
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
ein
g
a
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
:
o
n
e
w
h
o
u
n
d
er
tak
es
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
’
I
n
1
9
9
0
,
C
o
h
en
an
d
L
ev
i
n
t
al
(
as
cited
in
Dav
is
[
3
2
]
)
s
tated
th
at:
‘
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
is
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
e
w
cu
s
to
m
er
s
v
alu
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
th
at
m
ee
t
n
e
w
n
ee
d
s
,
in
ar
tic
u
late
n
ee
d
s
,
o
r
o
ld
cu
s
to
m
er
an
d
m
ar
k
et
n
ee
d
s
in
v
al
u
e
ad
d
in
g
n
e
w
w
a
y
s
.
’
No
t
o
n
l
y
th
a
t,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
its
e
lf
s
i
g
n
if
ies
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
ac
ti
v
it
y
as
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
(
Katz
a
n
d
Gr
e
en
,
2
0
0
9
as
cited
in
Da
v
i
s
[
3
2
]
)
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
b
ased
o
n
liter
at
u
r
e
b
y
Stev
e
n
s
o
n
a
n
d
J
ar
illo
[
3
3
]
,
th
e
y
o
u
t
lin
ed
th
e
ter
m
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
‘
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
w
h
ic
h
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
-
eit
h
er
o
n
th
eir
o
w
n
o
r
in
s
id
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
-
p
u
r
s
u
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
ties
w
i
th
o
u
t
r
eg
ar
d
t
o
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
h
e
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
co
n
tr
o
l
’
.
Hen
ce
,
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
is
a
d
ee
d
th
at
en
ab
le
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
a
n
y
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ee
t
o
n
e
’
s
n
ee
d
n
o
m
atter
h
e
h
i
m
s
e
lf
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
ith
o
t
h
er
p
eo
p
le
(
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
r
co
m
p
an
y
)
o
r
h
e
h
i
m
s
el
f
is
a
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
(
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
s
er
v
ices,
g
o
o
d
s
,
etc.
)
.
A
ll
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
,
th
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
esp
ec
iall
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
i
s
a
n
o
v
e
r
w
h
el
m
ed
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e,
m
a
n
y
s
ec
t
o
r
s
ar
e
ac
tiv
el
y
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
th
i
s
is
s
u
e
;
w
h
er
eb
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
f
ac
t
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
is
co
v
er
ed
in
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
’
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
[
3
4
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
au
s
e
s
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
th
ese
f
a
cto
r
s
;
n
a
m
el
y
,
p
o
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates’
attr
ib
u
te
s
[
3
5
]
;
is
s
u
es
w
it
h
p
er
s
o
n
al
attit
u
d
es
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ill
s
[
3
6
]
; a
s
w
el
l
as
o
th
er
ess
e
n
tial
s
k
ill
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ill
s
,
an
d
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
s
k
ills
[
3
7
]
.
No
te
w
o
r
t
h
y
,
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
co
r
r
elatio
n
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
b
et
w
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ialis
m
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
e
attr
ib
u
t
es
i.e
.
r
is
k
ta
k
i
n
g
,
in
n
o
v
ati
v
en
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
en
es
s
,
k
ee
n
to
h
a
v
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
ea
s
il
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
lack
o
f
t
h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
[
3
4
]
.
I
s
la
m
s
ee
s
t
h
e
ac
tiv
i
t
y
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
as
p
ar
t
o
f
r
elig
io
n
an
d
ab
o
v
e
all,
it
b
len
d
s
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
w
it
h
I
s
la
m
ic
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[
3
8
]
.
I
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attitu
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e,
lif
es
t
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le
[
3
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
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.
J
.
E
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Vo
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260
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m
a
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f
ested
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h
a
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Leve
r
a
g
in
g
th
e
en
tr
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r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
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s
in
ess
…
(
S
u
h
a
ili I
kh
s
a
n
)
257
T
h
e
u
lti
m
ate
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
is
a
f
ter
g
r
ad
u
at
in
g
f
r
o
m
Ak
ad
e
m
i
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ak
at
A
B
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T
h
is
is
w
h
er
e
th
e
th
ir
d
p
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ase
o
f
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p
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et’
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en
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ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
m
o
d
el
ap
p
lied
in
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ad
e
m
i
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at
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ea
r
l
y
as
1
8
y
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ld
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s
a
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a
m
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ad
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s
tr
ac
k
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)
,
th
ese
g
r
ad
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ates
ca
n
c
h
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o
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e
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co
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tin
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p
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ities
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e
y
ca
n
en
r
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ad
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m
i
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th
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i
n
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icate
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er
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T
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latter
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m
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s
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ilar
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at
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et
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h
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ad
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ep
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ip
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t
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P
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n
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e
s
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ar
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er
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ip
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it
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ad
ij
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an
d
s
tar
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ter
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ah
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n
tr
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g
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b
u
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alib
w
h
o
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h
e
P
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es
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ar
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ip
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ll
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e
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al
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ar
e
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h
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el
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
s
u
p
p
o
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ts
th
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ee
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o
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ep
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ip
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2.
AK
ADEM
I
B
AK
AT
AB
S:
L
E
VE
RA
G
I
N
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T
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an
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it
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9
s
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ts
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m
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it
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(
E
n
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r
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;
w
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r
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r
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ased
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t
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e
p
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et
M
u
h
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m
m
ad
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s
(
p
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ce
b
e
u
p
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n
h
i
m
;
p
b
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h
)
ac
u
m
e
n
i
n
m
an
a
g
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n
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an
d
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s
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lti
m
ate
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t
h
e
m
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el
o
f
M
u
h
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m
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h
ad
ij
ah
’
s
p
ar
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er
s
h
ip
also
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n
d
er
lies
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v
is
io
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n
d
m
i
s
s
io
n
to
u
p
h
o
ld
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
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n
tr
ep
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u
r
Sch
o
o
l.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
s
ir
ah
(
h
is
to
r
y
)
o
f
P
r
o
p
h
et
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
p
b
u
h
h
as
b
ee
n
th
e
p
illar
to
t
h
e
Ak
ad
e
m
i
B
ak
at
’
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
co
n
f
r
o
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
a
tio
n
is
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
er
a
o
f
th
e
4
t
h
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
R
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
(
I
R
4
.
0
)
o
r
Dig
ital E
co
n
o
m
y
.
P
r
o
p
h
et
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
p
b
u
h
’
s
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
ac
u
m
e
n
h
a
s
in
s
p
ir
ed
th
e
A
k
ad
e
m
i
B
ak
at
A
B
S
to
s
k
etch
o
u
t
6
v
alu
e
s
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
m
to
co
n
f
r
o
n
t
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
n
a
m
el
y
,
s
o
cial
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
,
in
te
g
r
it
y
,
altr
u
i
s
m
,
cr
ea
tiv
e
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e,
d
ip
lo
m
ac
y
,
an
d
r
ig
h
teo
u
s
n
ess
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
v
al
u
es
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
t
h
eir
u
n
iq
u
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
,
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
an
d
ec
o
-
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
I
n
A
k
ad
e
m
i
B
ak
at
A
B
S,
it
s
tar
t
s
b
y
c
u
lti
v
atin
g
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
u
s
in
es
s
ac
u
m
e
n
’
s
m
i
n
d
s
et
li
k
e
P
r
o
p
h
et
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
p
b
u
h
.
T
h
is
w
il
l
ev
en
tu
al
l
y
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
s
tep
p
in
g
s
to
n
e
to
n
u
r
tu
r
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th
e
p
r
o
p
h
ec
y
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
b
eh
av
io
u
r
an
d
cu
lt
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
u
n
iq
u
e
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
ap
p
r
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ac
h
o
f
lear
n
in
g
i.e
.
b
y
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
an
i
n
-
h
o
u
s
e
Stan
d
ar
d
Op
er
atin
g
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
(
S.O.
P
.
)
f
o
r
th
em
to
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
eir
d
aily
co
u
r
s
e.
Hav
i
n
g
to
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
m
ai
n
s
tr
ea
m
s
ch
o
o
ls
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
n
o
t
b
ein
g
a
n
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
ch
o
o
l,
Ak
ad
e
m
i
B
ak
at
A
B
S
b
eliev
es
th
at
lear
n
i
n
g
-
by
-
d
o
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
e
b
est
w
a
y
to
u
p
h
o
ld
th
e
6
v
al
u
es
o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
as
o
u
tli
n
ed
ab
o
v
e.
Hen
ce
,
7
5
%
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
is
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
lear
n
i
n
g
-
by
-
d
o
in
g
m
ea
n
s
.
As
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
r
ig
h
t
o
r
w
r
o
n
g
a
n
s
w
er
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
ch
o
o
l,
th
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
’
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t
is
v
ia
a
d
esig
n
ated
r
u
b
r
ic
th
at
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
6
v
alu
es
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
’
s
p
r
in
cip
le.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
in
-
h
o
u
s
e
S.O.
P
.
ea
s
es
th
e
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
as
w
ell
as t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
.
Ulti
m
a
tel
y
,
t
h
e
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
in
th
e
Ak
ad
e
m
i
B
ak
at
’
s
ec
o
-
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
v
is
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
th
e
g
r
ea
test
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
to
g
o
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ti
n
g
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
I
R
4
.
0
,
an
d
also
th
e
Di
g
ital
E
co
n
o
m
y
er
a.
Hav
in
g
s
aid
t
h
at,
to
en
r
o
l
as
a
s
t
u
d
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
Ak
ad
e
m
i
B
a
k
at
A
B
S
its
el
f
,
t
h
e
p
ar
en
t
s
ar
e
f
ir
s
t
s
cr
ee
n
ed
a
n
d
n
o
t
t
h
e
ch
ild
r
en
.
As
s
u
c
h
,
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
p
ar
en
ts
t
h
at
co
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
a
n
d
ac
ce
p
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
p
p
lied
b
y
Ak
ad
e
m
i
B
a
k
at
AB
S
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
en
r
o
l
th
eir
c
h
ild
r
en
(
s
)
i
n
to
Ak
ad
em
i
B
ak
at
A
B
S.
I
t
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
h
av
e
a
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
b
o
n
d
i
n
g
an
d
tr
u
s
t
b
et
wee
n
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
’
s
asp
ir
atio
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to
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3.
AL
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RN
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s
to
in
ter
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w
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teac
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.
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4.
DIS
CU
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So
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A
cc
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g
to
S
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Gar
cia
-
B
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[
4
1
]
,
s
tu
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d
t
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[
4
2
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.
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h
o
ld
er
s
.
A
cc
o
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to
Han
n
a
f
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y
[
4
3
]
,
co
n
tr
ad
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b
et
w
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li
f
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m
atter
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m
o
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ld
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s
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w
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.
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259
5.
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[1
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D.
M
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.
[2
]
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2
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[4
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Ha
rd
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a
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.
,
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tr
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p
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M
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8
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a
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.
S
.
,
"
S
m
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ll
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m
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d
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m
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rise
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p
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t
in
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ri
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re
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0
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9
]
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il
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,
A
.
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o
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0
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im
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tes
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h
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stit
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ti
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f
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1
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A
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ti
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s in
Nig
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ria:
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se
s,
im
p
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c
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d
su
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stio
n
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DF
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,
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v
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d
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
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2
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Da
v
is,
M
.
K.
,
"
En
trep
re
n
e
u
rs
h
ip
:
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n
Isla
m
ic
p
e
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e
c
ti
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e
,
"
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ter
n
a
ti
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l
J
o
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rn
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o
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tre
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ip
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.
1
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p
p
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[3
3
]
S
tev
e
n
so
n
,
H.H.
&
Ja
ril
lo
,
J.C
.
,
"
A
p
a
ra
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ig
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o
f
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n
trep
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ip
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tra
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p
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9
0
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[3
4
]
Ko
e
,
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L
.
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Ch
a
p
ter
7
:
I
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
E
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rial
Orie
n
tati
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n
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p
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rc
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p
lo
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o
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g
u
n
iv
e
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y
gr
a
d
u
a
tes
,
"
In
M
.
Y
.
M
o
h
a
ma
d
N
o
o
r
e
t
a
l.
(
e
d
s.),
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
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h
e
Reg
io
n
a
l
Co
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T
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l
S
c
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e
s
(
RCS
T
S
S
2
0
1
6
):
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o
c
i
a
l
S
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ien
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e
s
,
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i
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a
p
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re
:
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p
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r,
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p
.
6
9
-
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7
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h
tt
p
s://
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g
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7
[3
5
]
Ha
n
a
p
i,
Z.
&
No
r
d
in
,
M
.
S
.
,
"
Un
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
M
a
lay
s
ia
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
:
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ra
d
u
a
tes
’
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tt
rib
u
tes
,
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tu
re
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c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
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n
d
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
—
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o
c
B
e
h
a
v
S
c
i
,
v
o
l.
1
1
2
,
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p
.
1
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0
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4
.
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tt
p
s:/
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o
i.
o
rg
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.
sb
s
p
ro
.
2
0
1
4
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0
1
.
1
2
6
9
[3
6
]
M
c
M
u
rra
y
S
,
Du
tt
o
n
M
,
M
c
Qu
a
i
d
R,
Rich
a
rd
A
.
,
"
Em
p
lo
y
e
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
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ro
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sin
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ra
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tes
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d
u
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+
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r
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n
g
,
v
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5
8
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n
o
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1
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p
p
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1
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2
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.
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tt
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7
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7
]
F
in
c
h
,
D.
J.
,
Ha
m
il
to
n
,
L
.
K.,
B
a
ld
w
in
,
R.
,
Zeh
n
e
r,
M
.
,
"
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n
e
x
p
lo
ra
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ry
stu
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o
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f
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ff
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ra
d
u
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m
p
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il
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y
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u
c
a
ti
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ra
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n
in
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,
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l
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5
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p
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6
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3
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tt
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-
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2
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2
-
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7
7
[3
8
]
Rip
in
,
M
.
N.
&
M
o
h
d
Yu
so
f
,
Z.
,
"
En
trep
re
n
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u
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d
a
k
wa
h
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se
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t
h
e
A
n
b
iy
a
sto
ry
in
th
e
Qu
ra
n
(in
M
a
lay
),
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In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Isl
a
mic
a
n
d
Civil
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
S
tu
d
ies
,
v
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l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
-
29
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
9
]
No
rd
i
n
,
M
.
Z.
F
.
,
"
T
h
e
Pr
o
p
h
e
t
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
’s
S
AW
lea
d
e
rs
h
i
p
d
isc
o
u
rs
e
(
in
M
a
la
y
)
,"
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a
la
L
u
m
p
u
r:
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w
a
n
Ba
h
a
sa
d
a
n
P
u
sta
k
a
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
0
]
Ak
a
d
e
m
i
Ba
k
a
t
A
BS
.
(n
.
d
.
),
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su
r
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k
a
d
e
m
i
Ba
k
a
t
A
BS
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"
Ba
n
g
i:
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d
e
mi
B
a
k
a
t
AB
S
,
p
p
.
1
-
22
;
.
[4
1
]
S
o
f
ia,
G
.
&
Bu
ll
e
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
e
m
o
ti
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n
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l
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n
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o
m
p
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e
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ti
v
e
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d
e
rs a
m
o
n
g
S
a
u
d
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n
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rsi
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g
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n
ts
a
t
Kin
g
A
b
d
u
l
A
l
A
z
iz
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,”
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
s:/
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.
re
se
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rc
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3
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su
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d
u
l_
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l_
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z
iz_
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
2019
.
[4
2
]
Kill
in
g
e
r,
B.
“
In
teg
rit
y
:
Do
in
g
th
e
rig
h
t
th
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
rig
h
t
re
a
so
n
,
”
2
0
1
0
.
[4
3
]
Ha
n
n
a
f
e
y
,
F
.
T
.
“
En
trep
re
n
e
u
rs
h
ip
a
n
d
e
t
h
ics
:
A
li
tera
tu
re
r
e
v
ie
w
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
b
u
si
n
e
ss
e
th
ics
,
v
o
l
.
4
6
,
p
p
.
99
-
1
1
0
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
4
]
Re
i
m
e
rs
Hild
,
C.
&
Ki
n
g
,
J.W
.
“
S
ix
q
u
e
stio
n
s
f
o
r
e
n
tre
p
re
n
e
u
rial
lea
d
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
in
d
ista
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
On
li
n
e
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
d
ista
n
c
e
lea
rn
in
g
a
d
min
istr
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
12
,
n
o
.
4
,
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
w
e
stg
a
.
e
d
u
/~
d
ista
n
c
e
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jd
la/w
in
ter1
2
4
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e
rs
-
h
il
d
1
2
4
.
h
tm
l
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
5
]
Da
r
w
ish
,
A
.
“
Isl
a
m
ic
w
o
rk
e
th
ic
-
A
m
o
d
e
ra
to
r
b
e
twe
e
n
o
rg
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n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
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m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
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jo
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
t
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o
n
i
n
a
c
ro
ss
-
c
u
lt
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ra
l
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o
n
tex
t,
”
P
e
rso
n
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e
l
R
e
v
iew
,
v
o
l.
30,
n
o
.
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
1
6
9
,
2
0
0
1
.
[4
6
]
P
a
r
b
o
tee
a
h
,
K.
P
.
,
P
a
ik
,
Y.,
&
C
u
ll
e
n
,
J.B.
“
Re
li
g
io
u
s
g
ro
u
p
s
a
n
d
w
o
rk
v
a
lu
e
s:
A
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
B
u
d
d
h
is
m
,
Ch
risti
a
n
it
y
,
Hin
d
u
ism
,
a
n
d
Isla
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
c
ro
ss
-
c
u
lt
u
r
a
l
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
51
-
67
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
7
]
V
a
rg
a
s
-
He
rn
a
n
d
e
z
,
J.G
.
,
No
ru
z
i,
M
.
R.
,
&
S
a
rio
lg
h
a
lam
,
N.
“
A
n
e
x
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
f
fe
c
ts
o
f
Isla
m
ic
c
u
lt
u
re
o
n
e
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rial
b
e
h
a
v
io
rs i
n
M
u
sl
im
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s
,”
Asia
n
so
c
ia
l
sc
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
-
1
2
7
,
2
0
1
0
.
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