Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
E
v
al
ua
ti
o
n
and
Rese
arch in
Education (I
JE
RE)
Vol
.
4,
N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er2
0
1
5
,
pp
.
17
0~
17
8
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
2
2
1
70
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJERE
The Effects of Health Care a
nd Father Support for Mother on
the Children's Emotions
T
r
i
Ri
an
a L
e
s
t
ari
1
, T
j
ipto
S
u
wandi
2
, Nur
s
al
am
3
, Moersi
n
tow
a
rti B
.
Narendr
a
4
1
Department of Nursing,
Health
Poly
technic Jak
a
rta I
,
Indon
esia
2
Department of Public
Health
Scienc
e, Airlangg
a University
, Indo
nesia
3
Department of Nursi
ng Science, Airlangga
Univ
ersity
, Indonesia
4
Department of Medica
l Science, Airlangga
Univ
ersity
, Indonesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Sep 25, 2015
Rev
i
sed
O
c
t 28
, 20
15
Accepted Nov 26, 2015
Toddler stage is
referred
to as th
e gol
den era (go
l
den ag
e period)
, especially
at the age of
0-2
y
ears
,
the brain development reach 80%. This study
examines the eff
ects of h
ealth care support and father support for
mother on
the
em
otions
of chi
l
dren
ag
ed l
e
s
s
than
2
years
.
Th
is
s
t
ud
y was
observation
a
l, with
cross-sectional
design
. Th
e sampling method in this
research was m
u
lti stag
e random
sam
p
ling m
e
thod in three sub districts and
20 villages.
The total sample w
a
s 279 mothers and th
eir ch
ild
ren ag
ed 3
months to 2
y
e
ar
s in Blitar
.
Inf
e
r
e
ntial
d
a
t
a
an
al
ys
is
us
ing P
L
S
(P
arti
al
Le
as
t
Square)
version 2.0. The
r
e
sult was
that
the chil
dren's
em
otions
were
form
ed
b
y
ps
y
c
ho
logical factors of
mother th
at
affe
ct
ed
b
y
fa
ther
fac
t
or
s
and he
alth
care support.
Keyword:
Ch
ild
ren
'
s em
o
tio
n
s
Fath
er supp
or
t
Health ca
re s
u
pport
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Tri Riana
Lestari,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of Nu
rsi
n
g,
Health
Po
lytech
n
i
cJak
arta I, Min
i
stryo
f
Health
,
Jl.
W
i
j
a
ya Ku
su
m
a
N
o
.
47
, Ci
lan
d
a
k
,
Jak
a
r
t
a Selatan
,
In
donesia.
E-m
a
i
l: tririan
a
lestari@yah
o
o
.
co
.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
Gr
owt
h
an
d d
e
vel
o
pm
ent
of chi
l
d
re
n associated with the conditi
on
of
t
h
e fam
i
l
y
,
incl
u
d
i
n
g hi
s
p
a
ren
t
s
wh
ich
are th
e fat
h
er
an
d m
o
th
er.
In th
e
fam
i
ly, th
ere is a m
o
th
er
who
isim
p
o
r
t
a
n
tin
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
th
and
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t o
f
th
eir ch
ildren
.
In
Ch
in
a, a
m
o
th
er's ro
le is v
e
ry i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
ap
p
l
y po
sitiv
e p
a
ren
tin
g
and
chi
l
d
de
vel
o
p
m
ent
[1]
.
Th
e l
earni
n
g
pr
oce
ss of m
o
t
h
er a
nd
de
pressi
on
are i
m
port
a
nt
fact
or
s t
h
at
af
f
ect
t
h
e
com
p
et
ence r
o
l
e
and
sat
i
s
fac
t
i
on i
n
p
o
st
par
t
um
. Opt
i
m
a
l
heal
t
h
c
ont
i
n
u
ousl
y
be
de
vel
ope
d t
o
pr
om
ot
e t
h
e
well-b
e
i
n
g p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
cal
o
f
m
o
th
ers and
eq
u
i
p
wo
m
e
n
with
learn
i
n
g
skills to
facilitat
e
th
e m
o
th
er’s ro
le
of
enha
nce t
h
e c
o
m
p
etence and
satisfaction
[2].
Research on Mexican-Am
e
ricans
m
o
t
h
ers sho
w
e
d
asso
ci
at
i
on bet
w
e
e
n be
ha
vi
oral
aspect
s
o
f
p
a
ren
ting
b
y
mo
th
ers and
th
eir in
fan
t
co
gn
itiv
e d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t statu
s
. Fo
r the statu
s
o
f
m
o
t
o
r dev
e
l
o
p
m
en
t, th
e
relatio
n
s
h
i
p
wi
th
th
e i
n
fan
t
characteristic’sis strong
er
com
p
are
d
with c
h
i
l
d-rea
r
ing
prac
tices and be
ha
viors
ex
am
in
ed
in
this stu
d
y
[3
]. Th
e relation
s
h
i
p b
e
tween
th
e fath
er an
d
the b
a
b
y
tog
e
th
er
with
th
e relati
o
n
s
h
i
p
bet
w
ee
n m
o
t
h
er an
d ba
by
, wi
t
h
t
h
i
s
rel
a
t
i
o
n
s
hi
p, t
h
e ba
by
can o
b
t
a
i
n
com
p
et
ent
pa
rent
i
n
g an
d l
o
vi
n
g
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
a
ren
t
s.
Paren
t
al in
vo
lv
em
en
t h
a
s th
ree co
mp
on
en
ts. Th
e first two are fosterin
g a
t
t
ach
m
e
nt
or
s
p
en
d
som
e
ti
m
e
in
th
e in
t
e
ractio
n with t
h
e ch
ild
and
can
b
e
foun
d that when p
a
ren
t
s are inv
o
l
v
e
d in
t
h
e task
,
he will
respond t
o
the
child if
necess
a
ry. T
h
e third
com
pone
nt
is
a responsibility, whic
h m
u
st take into acc
ount t
h
e
welfare and
care of ch
ild
ren
.
Altho
ugh
the
father can
pla
y
diverse roles
in fosteri
ng ti
es and ease t
o
find,
wo
m
e
n
h
a
nd
le 90
% of
resp
on
sib
ility reg
a
rdless of
wheth
e
r th
e
wo
m
a
n
is
work
i
n
g
o
r
hou
sewi
v
e
s. On
l
y
10
%
o
f
m
e
n
actu
a
ll
y g
i
v
e
p
r
ov
isio
n
for p
a
ren
t
i
n
g
sk
ills [4
]. Pro
l
on
g
e
d
poverty affects child
ren
'
s d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t
indirectly through
othe
r
vari
ables. T
h
e pa
renting is
direct
ly aff
ecting e
v
ery race/ethnic
ity. The influe
nce of
m
a
t
e
rnal
de
pr
essi
on
i
s
p
a
rt
l
y
m
e
di
at
ed t
h
ro
u
gh
pa
rent
i
n
g
on
a sam
p
l
e
of
w
h
i
t
e
s a
n
d Lat
i
n
os.
It
i
s
d
o
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Th
e
Effects o
f
Hea
lth Ca
re an
d Fa
th
er
Su
pp
o
r
t
fo
r
Mo
t
h
er on
t
h
e Ch
ildren'
s Emo
tion
s
(Tri Ria
n
a
Lesta
r
i)
17
1
di
rect
l
y
an
d
n
o
t
m
e
di
at
ed t
h
ro
u
g
h
pa
rent
i
n
g
pract
i
ces
on
blacks
.
E
nvi
ronm
ent affects
on whites a
n
d
blacks
b
u
t
no
t sign
ifican
t fo
r th
e
Latin
[5
].
Th
e con
c
ep
t o
f
h
ealth
y liv
in
g
b
y
Blu
m
stated
th
at th
e h
ealth
y co
n
d
ition
ho
listicall
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly h
ealth
y
p
h
y
sically bu
t also
sp
iritu
al
ly an
d so
cially in
so
ciety.
Th
e
h
ealth
y co
nd
itio
n requ
ires a h
a
rm
o
n
y
i
n
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
ng a
heal
t
h
y
b
ody
.
B
l
um
expl
ai
ne
d t
h
at
t
h
ere a
r
e four m
a
in factors that af
fec
t
the degree of public
h
ealth
.
Th
e fourth
factor is t
h
e d
e
term
in
an
t
facto
r
s of h
ealth
p
r
ob
lem
s
[6
].
According to
Mercer a
n
d colleagues,
socia
l
support is "t
he am
ount
of
aid that is truly acceptable
,
due t
o
t
h
e sat
i
s
fact
i
on
of t
h
e
ai
d, an
d t
h
e peo
p
l
e
(
n
et
w
o
r
k
s)
th
at pr
ov
i
d
e h
e
l
p
s" [7
]. Four area
s of social
su
ppo
rt as fo
llo
ws: a) Em
o
tio
n
a
l su
ppo
rt: "Feelin
g
lov
e
d
,
cared
, t
r
ust
e
d, an
d u
n
d
erst
oo
d".
b
)
.
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on
Su
pp
ort
:
"T
he
i
ndi
vi
dual
s
hel
p
by
sel
f
-
p
r
o
vi
di
n
g
i
n
fo
rm
at
ion t
h
at
i
s
u
s
ef
ul
i
n
deal
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
and /
o
r
situ
atio
n
s
". c).
Ph
ysical supp
ort: d
i
rect
h
e
lp
.
d
)
. Asse
ssm
en
tSup
po
rt: "Supp
ort th
at info
rm
s a ro
le o
f
ho
w
h
e
ap
p
e
ared
in
the ro
le, allowing
ind
i
v
i
du
als to
ev
al
u
a
te th
em
se
lv
es in
o
r
d
e
r to
act in
oth
e
r activ
ities ".Th
e
abse
nce of
he
alth care offic
e
r sup
por
t su
ch
as do
ctor
s,
mid
w
iv
es,
n
u
rses and
health cadet
m
a
kes some
m
o
th
ers d
i
d
no
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
to d
o
breastfeed
i
ng
in
itiatio
n [8
].Bro
n
fen
b
ren
n
e
r im
p
lied
th
at th
e co
ncep
t o
f
ecol
o
gi
cal
de
vel
o
pm
ent
of
a chi
l
d
'
s
de
vel
o
pm
ent
i
s
affect
ed
by
fi
ve e
nvi
r
o
nm
ent
a
l
sy
st
em
s nam
e
ly
microsyste
m
,
mezosyste
m
, ecosystem
s,
m
a
crosystem
and
cronosystem
[9].
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
This study em
ployed c
r
oss s
ectional desi
gn. The
sam
p
ling m
e
thod in this researc
h
wa
s
m
u
ltistage
rando
m
sa
m
p
li
n
g
, th
e step
s as fo
llows: Th
e first stag
e
was
m
o
th
er selectio
n
of ch
ild
ren
un
d
e
r two
years of
ag
e; th
e second
stag
e
was d
e
termin
in
g
th
e
clu
s
ter v
illag
e
s b
y
si
m
p
le rand
o
m
way in
o
r
d
e
r to
g
e
t so
m
e
sub
d
i
strict. Th
e locatio
n
o
f
th
is research
was in Bli
t
ar, c
o
n
s
ist
i
n
g
of sev
e
ral selected
v
illag
e
s. Based
on
th
e ru
le
o
f
th
e thu
m
b
form
u
l
a in
th
e SEM (Stru
c
tu
ral Equ
a
tio
n Mo
d
e
lin
g), th
e u
s
e of SEM with
a Ma
x
i
m
u
m
Li
kel
i
h
o
o
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
req
u
i
r
e
d
m
i
nim
a
l sam
p
le of 1
0
0
-
2
0
0
r
e
sp
on
de
nt
s, or
by
fi
ve t
o
t
e
n t
i
m
e
s t
h
e i
ndi
cat
or
(ob
s
erv
e
d
v
a
ri
ab
les) th
at ex
ist in
th
e
m
o
d
e
l [10
]
. Th
e
sam
p
le was
2
7
9
mo
th
ers with
ch
ild
ren
ag
ed
less th
an
t
w
o y
ears. T
h
i
s
st
udy
use
d
a
quest
i
o
n
n
ai
re
t
h
at
i
n
cl
ude
d:
1) t
h
e m
a
t
e
rnal
fact
ors s
u
ch
as em
pat
h
y
,
sel
f
-
estee
m
, acceptance of the c
h
ild, m
a
tur
ity, at
titude, pregna
ncy / birth experi
ence, de
pression a
nd role conflict /
ten
s
ion
,
2
)
fath
er sup
port were in
clud
ed
on
qu
esti
onnaire and obse
rvat
ion s
h
eet
s, a
d
opt
e
d
f
r
om
t
h
e Hom
e
Obse
r
v
at
i
on
fo
r M
easurem
ent
of t
h
e En
vi
r
o
nm
ent
(HOM
E
)
In
ve
nt
o
r
y
[1
1]
, 3) heal
t
h
c
a
re su
pp
ort
,
re
search
in
stru
m
e
n
t
s u
s
ed
to
co
llect data was qu
esti
o
n
n
a
ire t
o
id
en
tify th
e su
ppo
rt for h
ealt
h
care to
m
o
th
ers, 4) th
e
ch
ild
's e
m
o
tio
n
s
q
u
e
stionn
aires were to
loo
k
at th
e lev
e
l o
f
ch
ild
ren
'
s e
m
o
t
io
n
s
. Analysis
o
f
th
e
d
a
ta with
the
hel
p
of
so
ft
wa
r
e
su
pp
ort
Sm
ar
t
Part
i
a
l
Least
Sq
uare
ver
s
i
o
n
2.
0. Et
hi
c t
e
st
of t
h
i
s
resea
r
c
h
wa
s co
n
duct
e
d by
Health Resea
r
c
h
Et
hics Com
m
ittee of t
h
e Faculty
of
P
ubl
i
c
Heal
t
h
,
U
n
i
v
ersi
t
y
of
Ai
rl
a
n
gga
.
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
3.
1.
Charac
teristic
s of F
a
ther
and Mother
b
a
s
e
d
on Age
,
Ed
ucation
,
and Job
Accord
ing
to t
h
e Tab
l
e
1
abou
t th
e
ch
aracteristics of th
e fath
er and
m
o
t
h
e
r
base
d
on
ag
e,
ed
ucat
i
o
n,
o
ccup
a
tion
,
it
was
k
nown th
at th
e ag
e
of th
e fath
ers an
d
mo
th
ers m
o
stly
were
20
-30
years.
Fath
er and m
o
th
er
characte
r
istics base
d on a
g
e, e
ducation,
jo
b, lev
e
l of welfare can
b
e
seen
i
n
Tabl
e 1
.
Tabl
e
1 sh
o
w
es t
h
at
m
o
st
resp
o
nde
nt
s
w
e
re se
ni
o
r
hi
g
h
sch
o
o
l
g
r
ad
uat
e
s. B
a
se
d
on
j
o
b, m
o
st
l
y
were
ent
r
e
p
re
ne
urs
and
h
o
u
se
wi
v
e
s.
3.
2.
Children B
a
se
d on
Age
,
Se
x,
an
d
Regu
lari
ty
of Medical Check
Exami
n
ati
o
n
Tabl
e 2 s
h
ows
t
h
at
m
o
st
chi
l
d
re
n ag
ed
1-
2
y
ears ol
d
.
B
a
s
e
d o
n
m
a
l
e
chi
l
d
ren
n
u
m
b
er were m
o
re
t
h
an
fem
a
l
e
chi
l
d
re
n.
Ta
bl
e 2 al
s
o
sh
o
w
s t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
ber of
chi
l
d
ren
w
h
o r
e
g
u
l
arl
y
doi
ng
m
e
di
cal
ex
am
in
atio
n
were m
o
re th
an
ch
ild
ren
wh
o did
no
t
d
o
regu
lar m
e
d
i
cal ex
amin
atio
n
.
Fre
que
ncy
Di
s
t
ri
but
i
o
n
of F
a
t
h
er
Fact
or
sca
n
be
seen i
n
T
a
bl
e 3.
Fr
om
Tabl
e 3, i
t
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
fat
h
er
w
h
o
pr
o
v
i
d
e
d
em
ot
i
o
n
a
l
su
pp
ort
t
o
t
h
e m
o
t
h
er
we
r
e
1
9
2
res
p
on
d
e
nt
s (
6
8.
8%)
.
The
n
u
m
b
er o
f
fat
h
e
r
p
r
ov
id
ing
in
formatio
n
o
r
exp
l
an
atio
n
to
the m
o
th
er we
re 11
6
respon
d
e
n
t
s (4
1.6
%
), g
i
v
i
ng
th
e facility d
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
egn
a
n
c
y and g
i
v
i
ng
b
i
r
t
h
w
e
r
e
1
6
3
r
e
spo
n
d
e
n
t
s (5
8.4%)
,
g
i
v
i
ng
r
e
w
a
rd
s
o
r
p
r
aise to
h
i
s w
i
f
e
w
e
r
e
126
resp
o
nde
nt
s
(4
5.
2%)
.
It
can
b
e
co
ncl
u
ded
t
h
at
th
e fat
h
er sup
port to
t
h
e m
o
th
er
were goo
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
22
IJERE
Vol. 4, No. 4,
Decem
ber 2015 :
170 –
178
17
2
Tabl
e
1.F
r
eq
ue
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
of
Fat
h
e
r
a
n
d
M
o
t
h
e
r
B
a
se
d
on
A
g
e,
E
duca
t
i
on, a
n
d J
o
b
Nu
m
b
e
r
Father
Mother
Fr
equency
Per
centages
(
%
)
Fr
equency Per
centages
(
%
)
Age
1 <20
y
ear
s
4
1.
4
13
4.
7
2 20-
30
y
ear
s
163
58.
4
215
77.
1
3 30-
40
y
ear
s
96
34.
4
49
17.
6
4 40-
50
y
ear
s
15
5.
37
2
0.
7
5 >50
y
ear
s
1
0.
4
-
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
279
100.
0
Education
1
Did not co
m
p
lete
elem
entar
y
school
2 0.
4
1
0.
4
2
E
l
em
entar
y
school g
23
4.
7
13
4.
7
3
Junior
High Schoo
l
61
20.
4
57
20.
4
4
Senior
High School
150
55.
2
154
55.
2
5 Univer
sity
43
19.
4
54
19.
4
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
279
100.
0
Job
1 Civil
Ser
v
ant
27
7.
7
6
2.
2
2 Pr
ivate
Sector
43
15.
4
48
17.
2
3 Farm
er
19
6.
8
1
0.
4
4 L
a
bor
31
11.
1
5
1.
8
5 E
n
tr
epr
e
neur
158
52.
6
36
12.
9
6 Unem
p
l
oy
m
e
nt
1
0.
4
183
65.
6
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
279
100.
0
Tabl
e2
. F
r
eq
ue
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
of
C
h
i
l
d
ren
b
y
Age
,
Se
x,
an
d R
e
gul
ari
t
y
of
M
e
di
cal
Ex
am
i
n
at
i
o
n
Nu
m
b
er
Children
Frequen
c
y
Percen
tages (
%)
Age
1 <1
y
e
ar
s
100
35.
8
2 1-
2
y
ear
s
179
64.
2
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
Sex
1 M
a
le
153
54.
8
2 Fem
a
le
126
45.
2
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
Regularit
y
Medical Exam
inat
ion
1
Regular
271
97.
1
2
Irreg
u
l
at
8
2
.
9
T
o
tal 279
100.
0
Tabl
e
3.
Fre
q
u
e
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
o
f
F
a
t
h
er
Fa
ct
ors
Nu
m
b
er
Father
Factor
Cat
e
gory
Total
G
ood F
a
ir
P
oor
(
f
)
(%
) (
f
)
(%
) (
f
)
(%
)
∑
(%
)
1 Em
otional
192
68.
8
16
5.
7
71
25.
4
279
100
2
I
n
form
ation
116
41.
6
86
30.
8
77
27.
6
279
100
3
I
n
str
u
m
e
nt
163
58.
4
53
19.
0
63
22.
6
279
100
4
Rewar
d
126
45.
2
96
34.
1
58
20.
8
279
100
3.
3.
Mo
ther
Ps
ych
o
lo
gical
Factors
of Mot
h
er Psyc
hol
ogi
cal variable consist
of em
pathy, self-esteem
, acceptance of the child,
m
a
t
u
ri
t
y
, gi
vi
n
g
bi
rt
h a
n
d
pre
gna
ncy
e
xpe
ri
e
n
ce,
de
pressi
o
n
,
rol
e
c
o
nfl
i
c
t
,
an
d t
e
nsi
o
n
.
B
a
sed
on
Ta
bl
e
5, i
t
i
s
kn
o
w
n
t
h
at
m
o
t
h
e
r
wi
t
h
go
od
cat
eg
ory
t
h
at
ha
d m
a
t
u
r
i
t
y
fact
or
wer
e
2
0
6
res
p
on
dent
s
(
7
3
.
6
%
)
,
l
o
w
dep
r
essi
on rat
e
were 18
7
re
sp
on
de
nt
s
(
67%
).
M
o
t
h
ers wi
t
h
go
o
d
cat
eg
ory
wh
o had
l
o
w r
o
l
e
co
nfl
i
c
t
an
d
l
o
w
t
e
nsi
o
n we
re 18
5 res
p
on
de
n
t
s (66
.
3
%
);
l
o
w
rol
e
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
and l
o
w t
e
nsi
o
n we
re as
m
a
ny
as 185
peo
p
l
e
(6
6.
3%
), ha
vi
n
g
t
h
e e
xpe
ri
enc
e
of
pre
g
nancy
and
gi
vi
ng
bi
r
t
h were
1
71
(
6
1.
3%)
.
M
o
t
h
e
r
s wi
t
h
g
o
od cat
ego
r
y
were as m
a
ny
as 15
1
peo
p
l
e
(5
4.
1%
) w
ho
h
a
d em
pat
h
y
ei
ther
, ha
ve sel
f
-
e
st
eem
were 1
01
pe
opl
e
( 3
6
.
2%
),
accepting the
prese
n
ce
of c
h
ild we
re 57
pe
ople
(20.4%
).
In c
o
nclusi
on, good m
o
th
ers
ha
d m
a
turity as the
highest fact
ors
.
3.
4.
Heal
t
h
Care
S
upp
ort
Fre
que
ncy
Di
st
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
Hea
l
t
h
C
a
re S
u
pp
o
r
t
can
be
seen
i
n
Ta
bl
e
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Th
e
Effects o
f
Hea
lth Ca
re an
d Fa
th
er
Su
pp
o
r
t
fo
r
Mo
t
h
er on
t
h
e Ch
ildren'
s Emo
tion
s
(Tri Ria
n
a
Lesta
r
i)
17
3
Tabl
e
4.F
r
eq
ue
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
of
Heal
t
h
C
a
re S
u
pp
ort
No
Health Car
e
Suppor
t
Categor
y
Total
Good
Fair
Poor
(f
) (%)
(f
)
(%)
(f
)
(%)
∑
(%)
1 Puskes
m
a
s
117
41.
9
85
30.
5
77
27.
6
279
100
2 Posy
andu
111
39.
8
93
33.
3
75
26.
9
279
100
Fro
m
Tab
l
e 4 it can
b
e
seen
th
at th
e
Public H
ealth Center/Pus
kesm
as
was categorized good by
1
17(
41
.9
%)
r
e
sp
ond
en
ts. I
t
was categ
or
ized
f
a
ir
b
y
8
5
(
3
0
.
5
%
). In
tegr
ated
Car
e
Po
st (
P
o
s
Pelayan
a
n
Ter
p
adu
/ Po
syan
du
) categ
o
r
i
zed
go
od b
y
1
1
1
r
e
sp
ond
en
ts (3
9.8%)
an
d f
a
ir b
y
93
(
3
3
.
3
%
)
.
Mother
varia
b
le factor consists of em
pathy,
self-estee
m
,
acceptance
of the c
h
ild,
m
a
turity,
pen
g
al
am
nan b
i
rt
h p
r
eg
na
ncy
,
dep
r
essi
o
n
,
ro
l
e
confl
i
c
t
,
and ten
s
io
n. Descrip
tiv
e rese
a
r
ch results can
be
seen
in
th
e Tab
l
e 5
.
Tab
l
e
5
.
Frequ
e
n
c
y Distri
b
u
tion
o
f
Psycho
logical F
acto
r
Variab
le of Mo
t
h
er in Blitar Year 20
14
Nu
m
b
er
Mother
Factor
Cat
e
gory
Total
G
ood F
a
ir
P
oor
(
f
)
(%
)
(
f
)
(%
)
(
f
)
(%
)
∑
(%
)
1 Em
phaty
151
54.
1
85
30.
5
43
15.
4
279
100
2 Pr
ide
101
36.
2
129
46.
2
49
17.
6
279
100
3
4
5
6
7
Child Acceptance
Matu
rit
y
Dif
f
i
cult experience of
pr
egnancy
and giving bir
t
h
Depr
ession
Role conflict and tension
57
206
39
45
80
20.
4
73.
6
14.
0
16.
1
28.
7
147
11
69
47
14
52.
7
3.
9
24.
7
16.
8
5.
0
75
62
171
187
185
26.
9
22.
2
61.
3
67.
0
66.
3
279
279
279
279
279
100
100
100
100
100
From
Tabl
e 5,
i
t
i
s
kno
wn t
h
at
m
a
t
e
rnal
fact
ors
eith
er categ
ory is th
e
m
o
st well
matu
rity, e
m
p
a
th
y
and self-estee
m
,
as well as
the acceptance of the c
h
ildre
n. Most of the
m
o
thers
had lowe
r levels of
d
e
pressi
o
n
, h
a
s a ro
le co
nflict an
d
lo
w tensio
n, h
a
v
e
a role co
n
f
lict an
d lo
w ten
s
ion
,
h
a
s th
e exp
e
ri
en
ce o
f
pre
g
nancy
a
n
d bi
rt
h as wel
l
.
S
o
t
h
at
o
v
eral
l
m
o
re
wom
e
n wh
o
ha
ve a
go
od
psy
c
hol
ogi
c
a
l
st
at
e. It
see
m
s
m
o
st
m
o
th
ers are
goo
d m
o
th
ers m
a
tu
rity lev
e
l is
t
h
e
highest c
o
mpare
d
t
o
the
ot
her.
3.
5.
Child emo
t
i
o
n
Fre
que
ncy
Di
st
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
Em
ot
i
on ca
n
be
seen
i
n
Ta
b
l
e 6.
Tabl
e
6.
Fre
q
u
e
ncy
Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
E
m
oti
on
Nu
m
b
er
Child
E
m
otion
Cat
e
gory Tot
a
l
G
ood F
a
ir
P
oor
(
f
)
(%
)
(
f
)
(%
) (
f
)
(%
)
∑
(%
)
1 Happy
177
63.
4
62
22.
2
40
14.
3
279
100
2 Sad
9 3.
2
62
22.
2
208
74.
6
279
100
3 Affr
aid
93
33.
3
66
23.
7
116
41.
6
279
100
From
Tabl
e 6,
i
t
can be seen
t
h
at
t
h
e chi
l
d
r
e
n wi
t
h
ha
ppy
em
ot
i
on we
re
as
m
u
ch as 1
77 c
h
i
l
d
re
n
(6
3.
4)
, sa
d em
ot
i
o
n
we
re as
m
u
ch as 9 c
h
i
l
d
re
n
(3
.2%
)
,
f
ear em
ot
i
on
w
e
re 9
3
c
h
i
l
d
re
n (
3
3.
3%)
,
a
n
d
an
gry
were 35
ch
ild
ren
(12
.
5
%
). M
a
j
o
rity, ch
ildren
h
a
d goo
d emo
tio
n.
3.
6.
Heal
t
h
Care
S
upp
ort f
o
r M
o
th
er
Ps
ych
o
l
ogi
c
a
l
There
was a
si
gni
ficant e
ffec
t
betwee
n t
h
e
factors
o
f
heal
t
h
ca
re s
u
pp
o
r
t
fo
r m
o
t
h
er
psy
c
hol
ogi
cal
.
Pat
h
way
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
r coef
fi
ci
ent
o
n
a
n
al
y
zes
usi
n
g P
L
S
Sm
art
so
ft
wa
re
ve
rsi
o
n
2.
0 re
sul
t
s we
re s
h
o
w
n
bel
o
w.
Path
way Parameter Co
efficien
t Variab
le on
Laten
t
Co
n
s
t
r
uct of Direct Indi
rect Effect betwee
n Varia
b
les ca
n
be see
n
i
n
Ta
bl
e 7.
Hypo
th
esis Test Resu
lts o
f
Path
way Parameter Co
efficient Effect
on H
eal
t
h
C
a
re Su
pp
ort
of
Mothers Psychological can
be
seen i
n
Ta
ble 8. From
Tabl
e 8, it can be
see
n
the e
ff
ects
of health care s
u
pport
fo
r m
o
t
h
er psy
c
hol
ogi
cal
, t
h
e
pat
h
way
s
(
γ
)
was 0.158
un
its with
T-Statistics 2
.
583
(T-
cal
c
>1.
9
6). T
h
us,
the H
o
was re
jected;
H1
was acce
pt
ed which m
eans that there is s
i
gnifica
nt affec
t
between t
h
e factors
of
health care
su
ppo
r
t
fo
r
m
o
th
er
p
s
ycho
logical.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
22
IJERE
Vol. 4, No. 4,
Decem
ber 2015 :
170 –
178
17
4
Table
7. Pathway Pa
ram
e
ter
Coefficient
Variable
on
Lat
e
nt
C
o
nst
r
uct
of
Di
rect
In
di
rect
Ef
fect
bet
w
ee
n
Varia
b
les
Nu
m
b
e
r
Causality relationship between
the Di
rect and Indirec
t
Variables
Pathway Para
m
e
t
e
r
Coef
f
i
cient (
γ
)
T-Statistic
1
Health Car
e
Suppor
t E
ffect of M
o
thers Psy
c
hological
0.
1583
54
2.
5838
54
2
Father
Suppor
t E
ffect of M
o
ther
s Ps
y
c
hological
0.
5089
53
8.
9620
25
3
M
o
ther
s Psychological E
ffect of Chi
l
d Em
otion
0.
1998
11
3.
6905
37
Tab
l
e
8
.
Hypo
th
esis Test Resu
lts of Pat
h
way Param
e
ter Co
efficient E
ffe
ct on Health
C
a
re S
u
pp
ort
o
f
M
o
t
h
er
s
Psych
o
l
og
ical
Causality
Relationship
Pathway Para
m
e
t
e
r
Coef
f
i
cient (
γ
)
Sub sa
m
p
le
Aver
a
g
e
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
Stan
d
a
rd
Er
ro
r
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
T-Statistik
X
1
Y
1
0.
1583
54
0.
1672
83
0.
0612
86
2.
5838
54
3.
7.
Fa
ther Support
to
Mo
ther
Psy
c
ho
log
i
ca
l
There
is a
significant e
ffect
betwee
n
psyc
hol
ogi
cal
father s
u
pports t
o
the m
o
ther
psychol
ogical.
Here
are t
h
e
re
sults on t
h
e tra
c
k
param
e
ter coefficient
analyzes using
PL
S Sm
art software
versi
o
n 2.0. From
Table 9 it can be seen the a
ffect of psyc
hological
factors on t
h
e m
o
ther'
s
fath
er su
pp
ort lin
es (
γ
) of 0.
50
8
units
with T
-
Statistics 89
62
(T
hitung> 1.96). Thus Ho
rejected
H1 accepted which
m
ean
s that
there is
si
gni
fi
ca
nt
ef
fe
ct
bet
w
ee
n
fat
h
er s
u
p
p
o
rt
s t
o
t
h
e m
o
t
h
er
psy
c
hol
ogi
cal
.
3.
8.
Mo
ther
Ps
ych
o
lo
gical
to
the Child Emotions
There
is a si
gnificant e
ffect
be
twee
n m
o
ther psychological factor
s o
n
c
h
i
l
d
re
n em
ot
i
ons.
He
re a
r
e
t
h
e res
u
l
t
s
on t
h
e pat
h
way
pa
ram
e
t
e
r coeffi
c
i
ent
anal
y
zes u
s
i
ng P
L
S Sm
art
soft
wa
re ve
rs
i
on
2.
0. F
r
om
tabl
e
10, it can be
se
en the
effect of psycho
l
o
gi
cal
fact
or
s
on
chi
l
dre
n
em
ot
i
ons
(
γ
) o
f
01
96
units
with
T-Statistics
3
690
(
T
calc
> 1.96).
T
h
us,
Ho rejecte
d
H1
accepte
d whi
c
h
m
eans that
there
is si
gni
ficant e
ffect
between
p
s
ycho
log
i
cal m
o
th
ers o
n
child
ren
s
em
o
tio
n
s
.Hypo
th
esis
Test Resu
lts o
f
Path
way Para
m
e
ter Co
efficien
t
Effect
on Fat
h
er Support
of
Mothers Psyc
hological can
be
seen
i
n
Ta
bl
e
9.
Tab
l
e
9
.
H
ypo
t
h
esis Test Resu
lts of
Pat
h
w
a
y Par
a
m
e
te
r Coefficient E
ffe
ct on Fa
th
er
Sup
port of M
o
th
ers
Psych
o
l
og
ical
Causality
Relationship
Pathway Para
m
e
t
e
r
Coef
f
i
cient (
γ
)
Sub sa
m
p
le
Aver
a
g
e
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
Stan
d
a
rd
Er
ro
r
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
T-Statistik
X
2
Y
1
0.
5089
53
0.
5132
75
0.
0567
90
8.
9620
25
There is a signi
ficant infl
uence
b
e
tween fath
er fact
o
r
s wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
e e
m
o
tio
n
a
l, in
fo
rm
atio
n
,
i
n
st
rum
e
nt
an
d a
w
ar
ds
wi
t
h
M
o
t
h
ers
Ps
y
c
hol
o
g
i
cal
.
Hypo
th
esis Test Resu
lts of Pathway Param
e
ter
Coefficient Effect on Mot
h
ers
Psychological
o
f
Ch
ild
Em
o
tio
n can b
e
seen
in
Tab
l
e 10
.
Tabl
e
10
.Hy
p
o
t
hesi
s Test
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
Pat
h
wa
y
Param
e
t
e
r Coefficient E
ffe
ct on
Mot
h
ers
Psychol
ogical
of
Ch
ild
Em
o
tio
n in
Blitar Year
2
014
Causality
Relationship
Pathway Para
m
e
t
e
r
Coef
f
i
cient (
γ
)
Sub sa
m
p
le
Aver
a
g
e
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
Stan
d
a
rd
Er
ro
r
(
B
ootstr
a
p)
T-Statistik
Y
1
Y
2
0.
1961
11
0.
2010
76
0.
0531
39
3.
6905
37
Th
ere is a si
g
n
ifican
t influ
e
nce b
e
tween
M
o
th
ers
Psy
c
h
o
l
ogi
cal
wi
t
h
C
h
i
l
d
Em
ot
i
on. R
e
l
a
t
i
onshi
ps
Mo
d
e
l
An
alysis of
th
e Ex
og
en
ou
s
V
a
r
i
ab
les of
En
dog
enous V
a
r
i
ab
les can b
e
seen in
Figu
r
e
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJERE
ISS
N
:
2252-8822
Th
e
Effects o
f
Hea
lth Ca
re an
d Fa
th
er
Su
pp
o
r
t
fo
r
Mo
t
h
er on
t
h
e Ch
ildren'
s Emo
tion
s
(Tri Ria
n
a
Lesta
r
i)
17
5
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Relatio
n
s
h
i
p
Mod
e
l A
n
alysis o
f
th
e
Exog
enou
s V
a
r
i
ab
les o
f
Endog
enou
s V
a
r
i
ab
les
From
Fi
gure
1,
i
t
can be seen
t
h
e val
u
e
of t
h
e vari
ab
le lo
adin
g
fact
o
r
with a sig
n
i
fican
t track
: h
ealth
ser
v
ices
f
actors to
m
o
th
er
p
s
ycho
log
i
cal; f
a
th
er
's suppo
r
t
w
ith
m
o
th
er
p
s
ych
o
l
o
g
i
cal f
acto
r
s; mo
th
er
s
p
s
ycho
log
i
cal
with
ch
ild
em
o
tio
n
.
3.
9.
Com
m
un
al
i
t
y
and
A
v
er
age
Vari
ance E
x
tr
acte
d (
A
VE
)
Co
nv
erg
e
n
t
v
a
lid
ity can
b
e
measu
r
ed b
y
t
h
e Co
mm
u
n
a
lity an
d
Av
erage Varian
ce Extracte (AVE)
val
u
e whi
c
h g
r
eat
er
t
h
a
n
0.
5.
Ta
bl
e
11 s
t
ates that all
constructs
fo
r
m
ed i
n
t
h
e m
odel
ha
d a sc
ore
o
f
co
mm
u
n
a
lity
an
d
t
h
e AVE
were greater th
an
0.5. It m
ean
s th
at all co
n
s
t
r
u
c
ts
v
a
riab
les h
a
v
e
si
fn
ifican
t and
co
nv
erg
e
n
t
. Reliab
ility Test R
e
su
lts of Co
mm
u
n
a
lit
y an
d
AVE Mod
e
l of Health
Care an
d
Fath
er Su
pp
ort to
M
o
t
h
er
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
Em
ot
i
on ca
n
be see
n
i
n
Ta
bl
e 1
1
.
Tab
l
e
1
1
.Reliab
ility Test Resu
lts of C
o
mm
u
n
ality an
d
AVE Mod
e
l of
Health
Care
and
Fath
er
Supp
ort to
Mo
th
er of C
h
ild
Em
o
tio
n
Constr
uct
Communality
AVE
Destricption
Health Car
e
0.
5357
16
0.
5357
17
Valid and Significant
Father
Suppor
t
0.
6532
66
0.
6532
66
Valid and Significant
M
o
ther
Ps
y
c
hologi
cal
0.
5025
50
0.
5025
50
Valid and Significant
Child Em
o
tion
0.
5148
85
0.
5148
85
Valid and Significant
4.
DIS
C
USSI
ON
Based
on
Blum co
n
cep
t, one o
f
th
e
fact
ors that affect health status
is
health care.
In this case the
support of hea
lth
care servic
es,
Blum
also sha
r
e t
o
m
o
thers
by
health
workers s
u
c
h
as
doct
o
rs
,
nurses
,
mid
w
iv
es, nu
tritio
n
i
sts and
vo
lun
t
eers
prov
i
d
e sup
p
o
r
t
to
t
h
e m
o
th
er t
o
do
a
h
ealth ch
eck
ch
ild
ren
regu
larly
visit, spe
n
d som
e
special tim
e
to co
mm
u
n
i
cate with
th
e mo
th
er,
g
i
v
i
ng
a
b
o
o
s
t to
t
h
e mo
th
er in
o
r
d
e
r to
carry
out
re
g
u
l
a
r c
h
e
c
ks o
n
sc
he
dul
e exam
i
n
at
i
ons such as
d
u
ri
n
g
p
r
eg
na
ncy
,
a
f
t
e
r chi
l
d
bi
rt
h,
chi
l
d
i
m
m
unizat
i
on
and
ot
her
exa
m
i
n
at
i
ons.
The
res
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
st
udy
s
h
owe
d
th
at fat
h
ers prov
id
e
em
o
tio
n
a
l supp
ort to th
e
m
o
th
er
as well as prov
id
ing
i
n
formatio
n
o
r
exp
l
an
atio
n to
th
e
m
o
th
er, g
i
v
i
ng th
e
facility d
u
r
i
n
g pregn
a
ncy and
gi
vi
n
g
bi
rt
h,
a
n
d gi
vi
n
g
re
war
d
or
p
r
ai
se.
There
is a si
gni
ficant affe
ct betwee
n fa
ther
wh
ich
inclu
d
e
em
o
tio
nal su
ppo
rt, i
n
form
at
io
n
,
i
n
st
rum
e
nt
s an
d psy
c
hol
o
g
i
cal
rewar
d
s
wi
t
h
m
o
t
h
er. Pa
re
nt
al
i
n
v
o
l
v
em
ent
has t
h
ree c
o
m
pone
nt
s. T
h
e fi
rst
two
are
b
u
i
l
d
in
g attach
m
e
n
t
o
r
sp
end
i
ng
time with
ch
ild
ren
,
and
b
e
ing
easy to
be foun
d b
y
ch
ildren, g
e
ttin
g
involve
d
in the childre
n’s
ta
sk,
respondi
ng to the child if necessa
ry. T
h
e third c
o
m
ponent is res
p
ons
ibility,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
co
un
t th
e welfare and
care
o
f
ch
ild
ren
.
Althou
gh
t
h
e
fath
er can p
l
ay
d
i
v
e
rse
ro
les in
bu
ild
ing
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
22
IJERE
Vol. 4, No. 4,
Decem
ber 2015 :
170 –
178
17
6
attach
m
e
n
t
an
d
ease t
o
fi
n
d
, wo
m
e
n
h
a
n
d
le 9
0
%
of
resp
on
si
b
ility reg
a
rd
less
of wheth
e
r t
h
e woman
is
work
i
n
g
o
r
b
e
i
n
g hou
sewi
v
e
s. Th
ere are
on
ly 1
0
%
o
f
m
e
n
who
h
a
d
sk
ills for
p
a
ren
ting
[1
2
]
.
Em
ot
i
onal
supp
o
r
t
and i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on fo
r
m
o
t
h
er fr
om father is
significa
ntly
affect m
o
ther
psychological as concept m
odels Merce
r
. It
states that
th
e relatio
n
s
h
i
p
between
fath
er
an
d
m
o
th
er
are in
the
deepe
s
t syste
m
or m
i
crosytem. An optim
al r
o
le of th
e
fath
er can
m
a
k
e
a fa
m
i
l
y
d
e
v
e
lop
o
p
tim
all
y
, so
do
the
ch
ild
d
e
v
e
l
opmen
t.
Psych
o
l
og
ical state o
f
t
h
e mo
th
er
o
f
ch
ildren
activ
ity is
in
d
i
sp
en
sab
l
e
for th
e ch
ildren
em
o
tio
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t.
Mo
th
ers
with lo
w em
p
a
th
y bu
t receiv
e
d po
sitiv
e
gu
idan
ce, th
en
th
e ch
ildren sh
owed a
sig
n
i
fican
t
redu
ctio
n
i
n
an
tiso
c
ial b
e
h
a
v
i
or. Paren
t
i
n
g
with e
m
p
a
th
y h
a
s a p
o
s
itiv
e effect
with
con
f
i
d
ence an
d
matu
rity in
ch
i
l
d
r
en
. Mo
re caring
p
a
ren
t
s can
m
a
k
e
ch
ild
ren
h
a
v
e
b
e
tter b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
b
e
tter an
d
m
o
re po
sitiv
e
em
ot
i
ons [1
3]
.
There
wa
s a
significa
nt rel
a
tions
hip
bet
w
een s
o
cial s
u
pport a
n
d
de
pressi
on, a
n
d
self-efficacy
post
n
at
al
m
o
t
h
er at
6 weeks
p
o
st
pa
rt
um
[14]
. In
or
der t
o
pr
epare c
h
i
l
d
re
n
t
o
gr
o
w
an
d de
vel
o
p, b
o
t
h
t
h
e
need
n
u
rturing
fro
m
th
o
s
e aroun
d
h
i
m
,
esp
ecially
h
i
s p
a
ren
t
s,
the fath
er and
mo
th
er. Bu
t th
e
realities o
f
fam
i
ly life
i
n
ge
ne
ral
i
n
I
n
do
nesi
a,
t
h
e m
o
st
i
m
port
a
nt
f
unct
i
o
n a
s
car
e
g
i
v
e
r
s a
r
e m
o
t
h
ers
[
1
5]
.
In
th
e
UK, eco
n
o
m
ic h
a
rd
sh
ip
an
d
m
a
tern
al d
e
p
r
essi
o
n
can
red
u
ce t
h
e rate of cog
n
itiv
e an
d
em
ot
i
onal
wel
f
are o
f
t
h
e chi
l
d
ren
.
Thi
s
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on com
e
s fro
m
a l
ack of car
i
ng a
nd
pare
nt
i
ng
of c
h
i
l
d
re
n
wh
o
is cau
sed
b
y
low eco
n
o
m
ic an
d
em
o
tio
n
a
l con
d
ition
[16
]
.
R
e
spo
n
si
venes
s
refe
rs t
o
h
o
w
pa
re
nt
s res
p
on
d t
o
an
d
pr
ovi
de t
h
e
nee
d
s of
chi
l
d
ren
.
At
t
h
e m
o
st
gene
ral
l
e
vel
,
m
a
t
e
rnal
res
p
o
n
si
ve
ness
re
fer
s
t
o
hea
lth,
relatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
are con
tinu
o
u
s
with
th
e careg
i
ver to
sh
ow ch
aracteristics su
ch as
warm
th
, m
a
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e,
stab
ilit
y, pred
ictab
ility an
d respo
n
siv
e
n
e
ss
[17
]
.
Pare
nts who
practice the emotions
can
h
e
lp
th
eir ch
ild
ren
d
e
v
e
lop
in
t
o
h
ealth
y adu
lts, earn
h
i
gh
er
gra
d
es a
cadem
ically, and m
o
re s
u
ccess
f
ul.
Childre
n
ge
t a
l
ong
better
wi
th friends a
nd did
not e
x
perience
beha
vi
o
r
al
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
, and a
r
e
not
ea
sy
t
o
c
o
m
m
i
t
act
s of
vi
ol
ence a
n
d l
e
ss
u
nde
r st
ress
[1
8]
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5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
M
o
t
h
er
psy
c
ho
l
ogi
cal
t
o
em
ot
i
ons
of
chi
l
d
re
n a
g
ed l
e
ss t
h
a
n
t
w
o y
ears
wa
s sha
p
ed
by
fa
ct
ors
whi
c
h
are include
d
t
h
e s
u
pport
of the fathe
r
.
It
is consis
ts
of em
o
tio
n
a
l su
ppo
rt, i
n
fo
rm
atio
n
,
am
en
iti
es and
atten
tio
n
,
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h
ealth
care sup
port f
actors, fro
m
Pub
lic Health
Cen
t
er (
P
u
skes
mas
) a
n
d
I
n
tegrate
d
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re P
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Nam
e
: Tri
Ri
ana
Lest
ari
E-m
a
il:
trir
ian
a
l
e
stari@
yahoo
.co
.
id
HIGHER,
EDUCATION:
1. Doctor
of
health science in
Ai
r
l
angga University
, 2011
(in pro
c
ess)
2. Master
of
Public Health
in Airlangga Univ
ersity
, 2002
3. Bachelor’s degree of
P
ublic H
ealth Science in
University
of
In
donesia, 1996
4. Diploma III
in
Sint Caro
lus Nursing College,
1991
ORGANI
SATI
ON AND WO
R
K
ING EXPERIENCES
1. Lecture in Sin
t
Caro
lus Nursing Coleg
e
, 1991 to 1994
2. Lecture in Poltekkes Kupang
,
East Nusa
Teng
gara, 1996
to 19
99
3. Lecture in Poltekkes Jak
a
rta I
,
2002up to now
4. Secr
etar
y
Gen
e
ral, IPANI / Ind
onesian
Ped
i
atr
i
c Nursing Association
,
2008
to
2
015
Nam
e
: T
jipto
Suwandi
Professor in
Departement of Pu
blic
Health Science, Ai
rlangga University
HIGHER,
EDUCATION:
1.
Doctor degr
ee at Pascasar
janaAir
l
anggaUniv
ersity
, 1998
2.
Master degr
ee
a
t
Public
Hea
lthFa
cult
y,
Univ
ersit
y
of Phil
ipine
,
197
7
3.
Bachelor’s degr
ee at Med
i
cal F
aculty
,
Airlangg
a
University
, 1973
ORGANI
SATI
ON AND WO
R
K
ING EXPERIENCES
:
1.
Lecture in Med
i
cal Faculty
,
Airlangga Univ
ersity
, 1973-1993
2.
Lecture in Public HealthFacult
y
,
Airlangg
a Univ
ersity
, 1993-now
3.
Dean, Public HealthFaculty
,
Air
l
angga Univ
ersity
, 2000-2007
PUBLICATION :
1. Acr
e
dited jour
nal
& (n
ation
a
l)
= 20
Name
: Prof. Dr. Nursalam, M.Nurs (H
ons) 081339650000
Professor in
Nursing, Airlangga
University
.
E-mail
:
nursalam@fkp.unair.ac.id
HIGHER,
EDUCATION:
1. Doctor
, Mod
e
l of Nursing
Car
e
for
HIV-AIDS, Postgraduate Programme,
Airlangga University
, 2005
2. Honours Master of
Nursing,, Univ
ersity
of Wollongong, New
South
Wales, Australia, 1997
3. Master
of
Nursing (Coursework),
Univ
. Wollo
ngong, NSW, Australia,1996
4. Med
.
Surgical Nursing,
Lambton Co
llege, Sarn
ia Ontario
Can
a
da, 1991
5. Diploma III
in
Nursing, Sutoma Surabay
a
1988
ORGANIS
A
TION AND WO
R
K
ING EXPERIENCES
:
1. L
e
c
t
urer
and
nurs
e
in Dip
l
om
a III
in Nurs
ing
,
Anes
thes
ia,
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
of He
al
th,
RI
Surabay
a
(1988
– 1997)
2. Lecturer
in School of Nursing
,
Facu
lty
of
Med
i
cin
e
/ Facu
lty
of
Nursing, Airlan
gga
University
(sin
ce 1998)
3. Vice, Head
, S
c
hool of
Nursing
,
Facu
lty
of
Medicin
e
, UA (1999– 2008)
4. Vice Head, PPNI Educatin
&Train
ing, Ea
st J
a
va Nursing
Association (2000
–
2010)
5. Dean, Facu
lty
of Nursing Air
l
angga University
(2008 –
2010)
6. Nursing Man
a
ger, Airlangg
a U
n
iversity
Hospital (2011-now)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
22
IJERE
Vol. 4, No. 4,
Decem
ber 2015 :
170 –
178
17
8
PUBLICATION :
1. Books
= 15
2. Acr
e
dited jour
nal
& (n
ation
a
l
& international)
= 100
Name
: Moersintowar
ti B. N
a
rendr
a
P
r
ofes
s
o
r in Dep
a
rte
m
ent of M
e
d
i
ca
l
S
cienc
e
,
Airlang
g
a Univers
i
t
y
HIGHER,
EDUCATION:
1.
Master degr
ee
a
t
Public
Hea
lthFa
cult
y,
Univ
ersit
y
of Phil
ipine
,
197
7
2.
Bachelor’s degr
ee at Med
i
cal F
aculty
,
Airlangg
a
University
, 1973
ORGANI
SATI
ON AND WO
R
K
ING EXPERIENCES
:
1.
Lecture in Med
i
cal Faculty
,
Airlangga Univ
ersity
, 1973-1993
2.
Lecture in Public HealthFacult
y
,
Airlangg
a Univ
ersity
, 1993-now
PUBLICATION :
1. Acr
e
dited jour
nal
& (n
ation
a
l)
= 20
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.