In
te
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n
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a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f E
v
al
u
a
t
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on
a
n
d
R
e
se
arc
h
in
Ed
u
c
ation
(
IJERE
)
V
o
l.7,
N
o.3,
S
eptem
b
er
2
01
8
,
pp. 253~
2
5
8
IS
S
N
: 2252-
88
22
D
O
I
: 10.
1
1
591
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jere
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143
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253
Jou
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ht
tp:
//i
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score
.
com
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j
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.
p
hp/IJ
ERE
/
Practical Review
and Eval
u
at
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arent
i
ng Educ
a
tion
Jewish
A
ran
e
ta-
M
er
in
Cebu
Norm
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niversi
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Art
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fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
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Re
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8
Re
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6
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201
8
Ac
ce
p
t
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Au
g
2
6
,
2
018
P
a
rent
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Edu
c
ati
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n
aim
s
t
o
reinf
o
rce
fami
lies
a
nd
i
ncre
as
e
p
a
r
enti
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pract
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This
s
tu
dy
in
tend
ed
t
o
eval
uat
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t
h
e
e
f
f
ici
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ncy
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e d
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Pa
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P
l
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for
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a
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p
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ses
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res
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su
ppo
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t
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p
aren
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val
u
at
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t
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o
ass
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t
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p
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ss
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ased
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o
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mu
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Dev
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co
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p
ertai
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o
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ex
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in
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K
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“K
ABATAAN”
Asset Based
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a
bcd)
Ex
tens
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serv
ice
Com
m
unit
y
-dr
i
ve
n
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
018 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
Scien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Jewish Ar
a
neta-
M
erin
C
o
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P
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Em
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r
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h
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and
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20
09
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Nu
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w
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no
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in.
Last
l
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,
pare
n
t
s
w
ho
are
pe
rm
issi
v
e
have
l
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t
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no
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p
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ha
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fe
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re
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c
tio
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2252-
8822
IJERE
V
ol
.
7,
N
o.
3,
S
eptem
b
er
20
18 :
2
5
3
– 258
25
4
S
i
nce
par
e
n
t
s
ha
ve
t
he
v
ital
gu
i
d
a
n
ce
b
e
yond
a
c
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d’s
d
a
y
t
o
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a
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i
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t
e
r
fac
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s
and
g
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on,
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t
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rele
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t
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c
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t
u
al
ize
th
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educ
a
t
iona
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i
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n
s
of
p
are
n
t
i
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t
y
l
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s
f
or
it
has
a
gr
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m
p
act
on
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chi
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’s
s
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m
o
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na
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de
ve
lo
pme
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.
A
s
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fo
un
da
ti
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f
or
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elat
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ip
s
truc
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the
appr
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em
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(P
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p
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tc
h
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ko
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& K
a
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).
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x
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P
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hr
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reinfor
c
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dri
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:
f
i
rst
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t
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ransfor
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duca
t
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t
h
a
t
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iva
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k
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of
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l
y
i
s
t
o
c
on
st
ru
c
t
a
r
es
ilie
n
t
p
a
r
t
n
ershi
p
s
t
h
a
t
c
oop
e
r
a
t
iv
e
l
y
a
n
d
i
nn
ova
t
i
ve
ly
c
a
t
e
r
t
he
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
nt
betw
ee
n a
n
d
a
m
ong t
h
e
ga
ps of t
h
e se
rvice
c
o
m
m
uni
t
i
es.
1.1.
Ba
ck
gro
u
nd
O
n
e
of
t
he
e
x
t
ens
i
o
n
p
rojec
t
s
of
t
he
f
or
em
ost
i
n
st
it
uti
o
n
i
s
P
a
r
e
nting
E
d
ucat
i
on
o
f
t
he
C
ol
le
ge
o
f
Tea
c
her
Ed
uc
a
tio
n.
T
he
re
w
e
r
e
five
e
x
t
e
n
si
on
w
o
r
k
ers
fu
nct
i
o
n
i
n
g
as
a
T
ea
m
in
f
aci
l
i
t
a
tin
g
the
P
a
rent
in
g
Ed
uca
t
i
on
a
n
d
fi
n
d
i
ng
o
u
t
t
h
e
P
are
n
ting
S
t
yle
s
o
f
th
e
l
i
s
t
e
d
p
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
n
ts
.
The
Ex
t
e
nsio
n
pr
ofess
i
ona
ls
w
er
e
respo
n
s
i
b
l
e
i
n
m
akin
g
t
h
e
P
a
rent
in
g
E
d
uca
tio
n
M
o
d
u
l
e
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
c
o
py
rig
h
te
d
a
t
I
P
P
I
nt
e
l
l
e
c
t
ual
P
r
oper
t
y
Phil
ipp
i
nes.
T
h
e
m
e
m
be
rs
o
f
the
Team
t
a
k
e
t
u
rns
in
g
oi
n
g
t
o
the
E
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
S
i
t
e
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
S
i
t
i
o
P
i
l
i
t
a
n
d
S
i
t
i
o
Ba
ng
ba
ng
of
B
a
r
an
ga
y
N
a
n
gka
,
Ba
lam
b
a
n
C
e
bu.
T
he
p
ro
ject
h
a
s
f
i
f
ty
e
nro
lle
d
pa
re
nts
as
b
e
n
e
f
iciar
i
e
s
.
U
s
ing
t
h
e
Mo
du
l
e
a
s
gu
ide
in
t
he
P
roje
ct
I
mple
me
nt
a
t
i
o
n,
t
he
f
i
rs
t
ba
t
c
h
of
t
he
P
a
r
ent
i
n
g
pr
ogram
h
a
d
a
fl
o
u
ris
h
in
g
Cu
lm
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
A
c
t
i
vi
t
y
l
as
t
Ma
rch
201
6.
T
he
P
a
r
ent
i
n
g
T
ea
m
d
e
si
red
to
e
v
a
l
u
at
e
t
h
e
p
r
oj
ect
a
nd
w
i
she
d
t
o
e
x
p
a
nd
t
he
p
r
o
je
c
t
i
n
a
n
o
t
he
r
e
x
te
ns
ion
s
i
t
e
s.
S
o t
h
i
s
pa
re
nt
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
re
sear
ch
i
s
a grea
t hel
p
i
n
t
h
e
fut
u
re
e
xt
en
si
on
w
o
r
k
s
.
The
bas
i
s
on
c
h
o
o
s
i
ng
a
n
e
ve
ntf
u
l
e
x
te
ns
ion
pr
ogram
s
is
f
or
t
he
p
ro
f
e
ssio
n
a
l
s
t
o
a
d
opt
a
p
a
r
e
n
ti
ng
pac
k
a
g
e tha
t
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
l
i
e
n
t
e
l
e
s
’ ne
eds. A review and
e
va
l
u
a
t
i
o
n of
t
he ma
j
or
P
are
n
tin
g E
duc
a
t
i
on of
the
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
of
T
eac
her
Ed
u
c
ati
o
n
curr
i
c
u
l
a
cou
l
d
p
o
ss
i
b
ly
s
u
c
co
r
t
h
e
p
a
re
nt
s
a
nd
pro
f
e
ssio
n
a
l
s
i
n
f
ul
fil
l
i
n
g
the
sa
id
e
x
t
e
n
si
on
p
r
ogr
am
.
The
C
TE’s
e
x
te
ns
i
o
n
pro
j
e
c
t
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
P
a
rent
in
g
E
d
uca
t
io
n,
m
a
k
e
s
u
s
e
o
f
a
mult
i
t
u
d
e
c
u
rricu
la
,
series
o
f
ef
fec
t
i
v
e
t
a
s
k
s,
r
e
s
ear
ch-ba
s
e
d
t
h
us,
m
a
ki
n
g
it
pressi
n
g
f
or
t
he
E
xte
n
s
i
o
n
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
,
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
n
d
e
r
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
W
i
t
h
a
ss
uranc
e
,
it
ha
s
prom
p
t
ed
t
he
r
e
s
ear
cher
t
o
lo
ok
in
to
t
h
e
e
mpirica
l
e
vi
de
nc
e on
pr
ogra
m
e
ffe
cti
v
e
n
es
s.
T
hus
t
hi
s
st
ud
y
i
s
c
o
ndu
c
t
ed
.
1.2.
O
b
jectives of
th
e
St
u
d
y
Th
is
s
t
u
dy
i
n
t
e
nd
s
t
o
a
p
p
rai
s
e
the
e
x
pe
die
n
cy
i
n
t
h
e
de
li
ve
ry
o
f
the
P
a
r
e
nt
i
n
g
E
duca
t
io
n
P
r
ogra
m
a
n
d
th
e
in
nov
at
ion
s
i
n
a
t
t
a
i
n
in
g
th
e
p
r
og
ram
o
b
j
ec
ti
v
e
s
t
a
i
l
o
re
d
t
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
n
e
e
d
s
,
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
d
p
a
r
e
n
t
-
chi
l
d
a
c
t
iv
itie
s
,
a
nd
a
cce
sse
d
com
m
uni
t
y
s
e
r
vice
s
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
rts
i
n
h
e
l
p
i
ng
t
he
p
ar
e
n
t
s
i
n
the
c
o
m
m
un
it
y.
T
he
val
u
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
t
o
assess
t
h
e
fa
mi
ly
a
nd
t
h
e
i
n
te
rac
t
i
on
be
tw
e
e
n
t
h
e
p
are
n
t
s
a
nd
t
h
e
ch
i
l
dr
en
w
it
h
r
e
gar
d
s
t
o
t
he
pro
g
ra
ms’
impa
ct.
1.3.
Sho
rt
L
i
t
er
a
t
ur
e
Re
v
i
ew
F
o
r
m
a
ny
yea
r
s,
m
any
pa
renta
l
i
n
v
o
l
ve
me
nt
r
esea
rche
s
w
e
re
c
ond
u
c
t
e
d
a
n
d
i
t
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
educ
a
t
i
o
na
l
ar
ena.
T
he
u
n
i
q
u
e
n
ess of t
h
i
s
s
t
u
dy
h
o
w
e
ver,
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
st
r
o
n
g
l
i
n
ka
ges
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
e
duca
t
ors
and
the
i
d
e
n
t
i
fied
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
the
cho
s
en
c
om
mun
i
ty
is
c
a
t
ere
d
o
n
s
tr
on
g
p
a
rtne
rsh
i
p
be
t
w
ee
n
e
duca
t
ors
to
t
he
ide
n
tif
i
e
d
pare
nts
i
n
t
he
c
ho
se
n
c
o
m
m
uni
t
y
a
n
d
t
he
s
u
s
t
e
na
nce
of
t
he
s
ai
d
e
x
t
e
nsio
n
pr
ogr
am
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
pro
p
o
n
e
n
ts o
f
t
h
e e
x
t
e
ns
ion
pr
ojec
t m
ove
d
from
a
nothe
r e
x
te
ns
i
o
n
site.
I
n
v
i
e
w
of
t
he
e
con
o
m
i
s
t
’s
m
indse
t
,
pare
n
t
a
l
i
n
v
o
l
vem
e
nt
m
ay
b
e
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
a
s
the
unde
v
i
a
t
ing
e
f
fort
del
i
v
ere
d
by
th
e
pare
n
t
f
or
t
h
e
p
ro
li
fer
a
t
i
on
on
t
h
e
aca
dem
i
c
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
.
T
h
i
s
s
u
b
t
l
y
d
e
f
i
n
e
s
to
t
he
f
unc
tio
n
of
t
he
e
duc
at
i
ona
l
prod
uc
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
arks
t
he
p
ar
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
vo
lve
m
e
n
t
a
s
one
o
f
i
t
s
a
r
gu
me
nts
(A
vvisa
t
i
e
t.
a
l
.
,
201
0).
Alt
s
c
h
u
l
(
20
1
2
)
me
nt
i
one
d
t
h
at
c
onfer
r
i
n
g
to
S
i
r
in
(
2005)
,
the
fa
m
i
ly’s
so
ci
o
e
con
o
m
i
c
s
t
a
tu
s
g
r
eat
l
y
i
nfl
u
en
ce
o
n
th
e
c
h
il
d
r
e
n
’s
a
c
a
d
em
ic
p
erf
o
rm
ance
.
Thus,
the
r
e
i
s
a
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
tia
l
direc
t
r
ela
t
io
n
s
h
i
p
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
pa
ren
t
a
l
c
o
nnec
t
io
n
an
d
s
o
c
i
o-e
c
ono
mi
c
st
atu
s
(
Ze
d
a
n,
2
01
1
)
.
In
t
he
r
e
a
l
scena
r
i
o
,
t
h
o
s
e
g
u
ard
i
a
n
s/
par
e
nt
s
w
h
o
h
a
ve
s
ta
ble
fina
nc
ia
l
sta
tus
ca
n
do
n
a
te
t
o
the
sch
o
o
ls
(
H
o
d
t
uv,
2
001)
.
Wi
t
h
t
h
i
s,
t
her
e
w
as
a
n
e
s
ta
b
l
i
s
he
d
p
o
s
iti
ve
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
ion
a
m
id
t
h
e
d
e
g
re
e
of
t
he
p
ar
e
n
t
s
’
con
t
ri
bu
ti
on
a
n
d
the
i
r le
ve
l o
f
e
duca
tio
n.
I
n
s
c
hoo
l,
t
hos
e
par
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
sup
p
o
rte
d
t
he
ir
c
h
ildr
e
n
yi
e
l
d
be
t
ter
in
t
erm
s
o
f
aca
dem
i
c
acti
v
i
t
i
e
s
bec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
w
a
re
o
f
w
h
at’s
g
o
i
n
g
on
in
t
he
ir
e
d
u
ca
ti
ona
l
e
n
dea
v
o
u
r
.
O
f
course
i
f
the
r
e
is
a
d
e
f
ic
ien
c
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJERE
I
S
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
Title o
f
m
a
n
u
sc
ript i
s
shor
t
a
nd cle
a
r, im
p
l
i
e
s research res
u
lts (Firs
t
Au
th
or)
25
5
of
p
are
n
ta
l
i
n
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
t
h
e
n
t
he
s
uc
cess
of
t
he
s
t
u
de
nt
s’
p
er
fo
rm
ance
i
s
c
r
itic
a
lly
u
n
n
a
tura
l.
If
t
h
ere
is
n
o
up
kee
p
from
the
pare
n
t
s,
t
he
n
the
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
r
e
stre
sse
d
i
n
te
rm
s
o
f
e
duca
tio
na
l
ta
sks
(
W
an
ke,
20
08)
.
Ac
co
rd
ing
to
A
n
g
i
o
n
(2
009),
t
h
e
i
n
vol
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
p
a
rent
s
i
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
he
a
t
t
ai
nm
ent
of
t
he
c
o
g
n
iti
o
n
,
affec
t
i
o
n,
v
e
r
bal
c
o
mm
un
i
c
ati
o
n
a
n
d
soc
i
o-em
o
t
i
ona
l
esca
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
hus
e
s
t
a
b
lis
h
t
h
e
fa
c
t
t
hat
pu
p
i
l’s
ac
hi
e
v
em
en
t
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
i
s
c
o
r
r
ela
t
e
d
t
o
the
a
ttac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
ortme
n
t
of
t
he
p
ar
en
ts.
D
e
sfo
r
ges
w
i
th
A
b
o
u
cha
a
r
(20
03)
qua
n
tif
ie
d tha
t
t
her
e
is a
hig
h
le
v
e
l
of
atta
i
n
me
n
t
i
f t
h
e
r
e
is pa
rental
e
ngr
ossme
n
t.
Th
e
S
t
op
,
Thin
k
,
A
sk
,
Re
sp
ond
(
S
T
AR
)
p
r
og
ram
on
p
a
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
,
e
s
t
a
bl
is
he
d
by
F
o
x
a
nd
F
o
x
a
t
t
e
mpt
e
d
to
a
i
d
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
yo
ung
l
e
arn
e
rs
t
h
r
oug
h
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
p
rojec
t
i
n
the
deve
l
opm
en
ta
l
an
d
cog
n
i
t
i
ve
-be
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
t
h
e
o
ries
a
n
d
p
resen
t
s
educa
tio
na
l
i
m
pl
i
c
a
t
io
n
on
h
o
w
t
hese
p
ri
nc
ip
les
of
a
uth
o
r
i
ta
t
i
v
e
pare
n
tin
g
as
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
he
r
esea
rch-ba
sed
i
ndi
c
a
tio
n
tha
t
p
ar
ent
s
a
n
d
c
hi
ldr
e
n
sw
ay
o
ne
a
no
the
r
i
n
a
rec
i
pr
oca
l
mode
(F
ox & N
i
c
h
olso
n,
2
0
0
3
).
C
h
i
l
dr
en’s
s
uc
cessful
m
ana
g
em
ent
i
n
d
a
y
’
s
e
x
p
e
r
ienc
e
s
c
a
n
l
ea
d
to
t
he
s
yste
m
in
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
al
com
p
ete
n
c
e
.
Wi
t
h
t
hese,
it
fixa
t
e
d
on
the
a
s
pe
c
t
s
of
u
sin
g
e
m
o
t
i
o
ns
t
o
se
n
d
a
nd
re
cei
ve
m
essages
tha
t
a
r
e
impor
ta
nt
t
o
s
o
cia
l
i
n
t
er
act
io
ns
a
n
d
i
s
im
p
o
rta
n
t
a
s
i
t
p
l
a
y
s
a
r
o
l
e
in
s
e
l
f-es
t
ee
m.
T
he
p
a
r
en
ts
c
an
c
re
ate
a
scena
r
i
o
o
f
a
cce
pt
a
n
ce,
r
ea
ssu
r
a
n
ce,
c
onve
n
i
ence
t
ha
t
bu
ild
s
t
h
e
childre
ns’
sel
f-esteem
(
H
al
berstadt,
D
e
nham
& Dunsmor
e
,
2001).
The
w
a
ys
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
c
h
ildre
n’s
e
m
ot
i
ona
l
c
o
mpe
t
enc
e
is
r
el
ated
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
s
oc
i
a
l
co
mp
et
en
ce
wit
h
p
ee
rs
as
i
t is
o
ften o
verla
p
p
i
ng bet
w
een
e
m
o
t
i
ona
l
com
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
a
nd
s
o
c
ial
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
ce,
t
he
l
a
t
t
e
r
is
u
sua
l
ly
d
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
by
one
’s
s
oc
ia
l
ski
l
l
s
an
d
pee
r
s
ta
tus,
w
he
rea
s
t
he
f
or
me
r
i
s
f
oc
us
in
g
o
n
m
ore
in
trape
r
so
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
i
es,
such
a
s
the
a
b
il
it
y
t
o
u
nders
tan
d
o
r
p
r
od
uc
e
a
ppro
p
r
iate
e
m
o
tio
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
s.
G
ene
r
all
y
s
pea
k
in
g,
c
hi
l
d
ren
are
ra
t
e
d
by
bo
th
t
ea
c
h
er
s
a
n
d
pe
ers
a
s
m
ore
socia
l
l
y
c
om
pete
n
t
,
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
a
re
b
e
t
te
r
a
b
le
t
o
m
a
na
ge
t
he
ir
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
al
di
sp
la
ys
a
n
d
e
xh
i
b
i
t
m
or
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
affec
t
.
Thus,
c
h
ildre
n
l
ear
n
t
he
d
iffe
rent
r
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
n
orm
s
a
nd
a
p
p
l
y
i
t
t
o
the d
i
ffere
n
t
ev
er
yda
y se
t
t
i
n
gs
a
nd
adap
t a
c
c
o
rd
i
n
g
l
y.
A
n
o
t
her
de
si
gne
d
as
t
he
N
urtur
i
n
g
P
a
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
P
r
ogram
on
t
h
e
bas
i
s
of
t
he
p
reve
n
t
i
on
o
f
e
mpirica
l
l
y
val
i
d
at
ed pare
n
t
a
l
ris
k
f
act
or
s
for
a
buse
an
d
neg
l
ec
t
em
p
h
a
s
ize
s the
fol
l
o
w
in
g
se
ven princ
i
ple
s
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
to
bu
ild
w
a
r
m
a
nd
car
in
g
e
nvir
onm
en
ts
f
or
c
h
i
l
d
re
n
:
f
ee
li
n
g
s
o
f
a
t
t
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
,
e
m
pa
th
y,
nur
tur
i
ng
o
nese
l
f
,
gen
t
le
to
uc
h,
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
e,
e
xpre
ssin
g
f
ee
li
ngs,
expe
c
t
a
t
ion
s
,
and
se
l
f
-
w
o
rth
(Ba
v
o
l
e
k
,
200
7
)
.
F
i
gure
1. F
ra
me
w
o
rk of the
Study
To
a
c
h
i
e
ve
a
b
et
ter
com
m
uni
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
nt
i
s
t
h
e
ult
i
m
a
te
goa
l
a
n
d
fr
am
ew
ork
for
pla
n
ni
n
g
,
eva
l
ua
tin
g
a
nd
l
e
arn
i
n
g
from
com
m
un
it
y
impro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
te
rve
n
t
i
o
n
s.
T
h
i
s
a
p
proa
ch
a
r
g
ues
t
h
at
t
he
eva
l
ua
tio
n
pro
c
e
s
s
is
c
en
tral
t
o
ef
fec
tive
pe
r
f
orm
a
nc
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
xt
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
ervice
s
c
o
n
duc
te
d,
a
nd
i
n
c
omm
u
n
i
t
y
deve
l
opm
en
t
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s,
i
t
sh
oul
d
be
f
ac
ili
ta
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
in
t
he
c
om
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
t
h
e
m
s
e
l
v
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
A
s
s
e
t
Ba
se
d
Com
m
u
n
i
t
y
D
e
v
e
l
op
me
nt
(
A
B
CD
),
a
d
efe
n
si
b
l
e
com
m
un
it
y-d
r
iv
en
e
xp
an
si
on
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
s
t
h
e
assets
t
ha
t
are
prev
io
us
l
y
i
n
iti
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
mm
unal
a
n
d
a
s
se
mb
l
i
es
p
are
n
t
s
,
lear
ners,
relat
i
on
s,
a
n
d
s
ocie
t
i
es
to
c
ome
to
get
h
er
t
o
bui
ld
o
n
t
h
eir
asse
ts-
no
t
del
i
ber
a
te
o
n
t
h
eir
nee
d
s.
I
n
thi
s
w
ay,
a
shared
v
ie
w
a
b
o
u
t
w
hat
modi
fic
a
t
i
on
n
ee
ds
t
o
ta
ke
p
l
a
c
e
w
i
t
hi
n
the
servic
e
ins
t
i
t
u
t
io
n
a
n
d
h
ow
t
h
a
t
w
i
l
l
o
c
c
u
r
i
n
t
he
c
om
muni
ty
c
a
n
be
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
Each
c
om
m
unit
y
h
a
s
a
d
i
s
ti
nc
ti
v
e
s
e
t
o
f
sk
ills
a
n
d
ca
pa
ci
t
i
e
s
t
o
c
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u
i
t
for
c
o
mm
un
it
y
S
u
st
a
i
ne
d S
e
rvice
o
f
Paren
t
i
ng
Pr
o
g
ram
F
o
cus G
r
oup
Interview
Questionnaire
G
uide
P
r
a
c
t
i
cal
R
ev
i
e
w
o
f
the
Exi
s
ting
Pa
r
e
nt
ing
E
duca
t
ion
Ass
e
t
Ba
se
d
C
o
m
m
uni
t
y
D
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
(ABCD)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2252-
8822
IJERE
V
ol
.
7,
N
o.
3,
S
eptem
b
er
20
18 :
2
5
3
– 258
25
6
deve
l
opm
en
t.
T
he
A
BCD
c
a
teg
o
riz
e
s
a
sse
t
in
ve
nt
ories
in
to
f
i
v
e
g
roup
s
n
a
me
ly
i
nte
r
a
c
t
io
n
s
o
f
pare
n
t
s-
lear
ners,
associ
ati
o
ns,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
ons,
ph
ys
ica
l
a
ssets a
nd
co
nn
e
c
tio
ns.
A
slot
f
or
E
x
t
e
n
si
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
fac
u
l
t
y
w
i
t
h
t
he
s
kil
l
fu
lne
s
s
t
o
scr
a
pe
t
oge
t
h
e
r
f
rom
a
l
l
benc
hm
ar
k
in
form
ati
o
n
t
h
ose
r
e
sear
ch
o
r
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
d-
ba
s
e
d
e
duca
t
i
ona
l
pro
g
r
a
m
s
t
h
a
t
ar
e
m
o
s
t
p
la
us
ible
,
depe
n
d
a
b
l
e
,
a
nd
va
lua
b
le.
Imple
m
e
n
ta
ti
on
o
f
t
h
e
E
x
te
n
s
i
on
P
r
oj
e
ct
can
b
e
a
co
mpl
e
x
,
a
nd
s
o
m
et
i
m
es
con
f
usi
n
g,
p
roc
e
ss.
T
o
eval
u
a
te
w
it
h
ma
kin
g
i
mp
lem
e
n
t
a
t
i
on
mor
e
a
ppro
a
chab
le
a
n
d
p
r
a
ctic
al,
th
is
c
ra
m
has
ide
n
tif
i
e
d
use
f
ul
t
o
o
ls
o
n
ke
y
a
r
ea
s
o
f
i
n
t
ere
s
t
to
i
m
p
le
me
ntat
io
n
in
r
eal
w
orl
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
nd
fam
ily
s
er
vi
c
e
set
tin
gs
n
am
e
l
y
foc
u
s
gr
oup
gu
i
d
e,
i
nte
r
v
i
e
w
s
and
A
B
CD
q
u
e
sti
o
n
na
ire
t
o
e
ns
ure
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
’
s
s
us
tai
n
abi
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
c
c
oun
t
a
bi
l
ity
o
f
t
h
e p
r
ogram
.
2.
RESEARCH
M
ETH
O
D
An
i
n
i
t
i
al
s
te
p
of
t
he
p
ra
ct
ic
al
r
eview
is
t
o
eva
l
ua
te
t
he
n
ot
i
ona
l
un
derp
in
n
i
ngs
o
f
the
sta
ndard
o
f
P
a
renti
ng
E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
P
r
ogr
am
o
f
the
Col
l
e
g
e
o
f
T
eac
her
Ed
uca
t
i
o
n
(
CT
E)
by
revie
w
ing
t
h
e
pr
ogr
am
goa
l
s
versus
d
oc
um
ent
i
n
g
the
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
for
w
h
ic
h
the
progra
m
d
e
m
ons
t
r
a
ted
pra
c
ti
c
a
l
s
up
por
t
.
I
n
th
is
c
a
s
e
,
i
t
i
s
t
o
end
o
w
wi
th
r
e
s
ear
ch-ba
s
ed
c
om
muni
t
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
wi
t
h
t
he
e
m
p
ir
i
c
a
lly
i
mp
l
e
me
nt
ed
p
a
r
ent
i
ng
e
du
cat
i
o
n
pro
g
ra
m.
T
he
i
nt
e
r
view
s
a
n
d
foc
u
s
gr
o
up
di
scuss
i
o
n
s
da
t
a
w
ere
a
nal
y
z
e
d
qua
l
i
ta
ti
vel
y
a
c
c
ord
i
n
g
t
o
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
que
st
ions
a
n
d
S
WO
T
analys
i
s
(
S
t
r
e
ng
ths, Wea
kne
sse
s
, O
pp
o
r
tu
ni
t
i
es,
and T
h
r
eats).
To
a
ddress
t
h
e
nee
d
f
or
c
are
f
ul
e
va
lua
t
i
on
o
f
p
are
n
ti
ng
pro
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
i
t
s
s
o
c
i
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
,
A
B
C
D
a
s
a
to
ol
w
h
i
ch
i
s
susce
p
t
i
ble
th
a
t
l
o
o
k
s
w
i
t
h
P
a
r
e
nting
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
P
rogr
a
m
s
tan
d
a
r
d,
i
n
t
h
is
a
c
t
t
o
pro
v
i
d
e
re
sea
r
ch
-b
a
s
ed
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
v
e
r
s
u
s
t
h
e
ac
tua
l
r
es
ult
s
o
f
th
e
p
a
r
e
n
tin
g
e
duc
a
t
io
n
pr
o
g
ram
.
T
his
e
n
c
our
age
s
th
ose
i
n
vo
l
v
ed
i
n
c
o
mm
un
i
t
y
deve
lopm
e
n
t,
w
het
h
e
r
a
s
fu
n
d
ers,
p
o
l
i
c
y
m
a
ker
s
,
adm
i
ni
strat
o
rs,
e
x
t
e
nsio
n
wo
rk
ers,
v
ol
unt
e
e
r
s
o
r
c
o
m
mu
nit
y
m
emb
e
rs,
t
o
c
l
e
arly
r
at
e
a
n
d
e
va
l
u
ate
abo
u
t
w
ha
t
the
y
a
c
h
ie
ve
a
nd
h
o
w
t
h
ey
s
hou
l
d
g
o
ab
out
i
t
fo
r
su
st
ai
ni
ng
th
e
re
so
u
r
c
e
s.
T
h
e
A
BCD
dr
aws
o
u
t
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
s
an
d
s
u
cc
esse
s
i
n
a
com
m
uni
t
y
’s sha
red
hist
ory a
s
its
s
t
a
rt
i
ng p
o
i
nt
f
or
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s o
f
t
he
soc
i
e
t
y
.
The
r
e
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
cr
i
t
e
r
ia
i
n
o
r
der
to
e
va
lua
t
e
t
h
e
Pa
renti
ng
P
r
o
g
r
am
o
f
t
h
e
C
TE
and
c
h
e
c
k
the
ou
tc
ome
goa
ls
o
f
c
l
ie
n
t
e
l
e
ne
eds
an
d
sa
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
.
The
first
cr
iteri
on
is
t
he
m
ost
pra
c
t
i
ca
l
one
-
t
h
e
i
n
c
lin
a
tio
n
of
t
he
P
are
n
t
i
ng
P
rogram
e
mplo
ye
d.
M
or
eover
t
o
a
c
h
ie
ve
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
tive
s
o
f
the
ev
a
l
ua
tio
n,
q
ua
l
itat
i
v
e
re
sea
r
ch
w
as
i
mp
l
e
me
nt
e
d
.
It
c
on
si
st
s
of
t
hre
e
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
oup
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
erv
i
e
w
s
which
we
re
o
rgan
iz
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
Ex
tens
ion
p
r
o
f
essi
ona
ls,
E
x
te
ns
io
n
D
i
rec
t
or
a
n
d
V
ic
e
P
r
esi
d
en
t
(Re
s
ea
rch,
E
x
t
e
n
si
o
n
a
nd
P
ubl
ica
t
i
o
n)
i
n
a
ssi
sti
n
g
th
e
effi
c
i
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e
ex
t
e
ns
ion
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
e
l
i
v
ery
a
n
d
t
h
e
ap
propr
iate
ness
o
f
the
m
o
d
u
l
ar
p
r
ogra
m
d
e
si
gn
so
as a
ch
i
e
vi
ng
th
e
ext
en
si
on
p
roj
ect
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
.
Th
e
se
con
d
c
ri
t
e
ri
o
n
i
s
ev
id
en
ce
/s
ci
en
c
e
-b
ase
d
.
Sci
e
n
c
e
-
ba
se
d
r
a
t
i
n
gs
r
a
nge
d
from
zer
o
(Ther
e
w
as
no
c
lear
e
v
i
de
nce
of
s
u
p
por
t
i
n
t
he
p
ro
gra
m
)
to
f
ive
(A
n
e
v
i
d
e
n
t
l
y
s
ucc
e
ssfu
l
e
x
t
e
n
si
on
p
ro
gra
m
a
t
w
o
rk)
.
I
n
add
i
tio
n
t
o
t
he
e
val
u
a
t
i
o
n,
i
s
the
foc
u
s
gr
o
u
p
d
i
sc
uss
i
o
n
a
nd
i
n
t
er
vie
w
s
w
e
r
e
c
onduc
te
d
t
o
t
he
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
pat
i
n
g
Loca
l
G
o
ve
rn
me
nt
O
ffic
ia
ls
a
s
part
ne
rs
t
o
del
i
ber
a
te
t
he
s
usta
i
na
bil
i
t
y
fact
ors
a
f
fec
t
ing
t
h
e
pr
ogra
m
.
The
rese
arc
h
er
e
mplo
ye
d
a
re
sear
cher
-m
ade
uns
tr
uct
u
red
i
n
tervi
e
w
gu
id
e
to
g
at
h
e
r
an
d
c
o
ll
e
c
t
d
a
t
a
fro
m
th
e
fi
rst
p
e
rson
d
esc
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
pu
rpo
s
iv
el
y
sele
ct
ed
r
esp
onden
t
s
wi
t
h
re
ga
rds
t
o
t
he
s
uc
ce
ss
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
pro
g
ra
m.
U
nstruc
tur
e
d
i
n
ter
v
i
e
w
w
a
s
ut
iliz
e
d
t
o
a
l
low
the di
sc
u
ssi
o
n
t
o
c
over
a
r
ea
s
i
n
g
r
eat
d
e
t
ai
l
a
n
d
for
t
h
e
rese
arc
h
er
t
o
lear
n m
o
re
a
bou
t
the
pare
n
t
i
n
g t
o
p
i
cs t
ha
t
t
h
e
c
o
mm
unit
y
w
anted
to
h
a
v
e.
Th
ird
is
t
he
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
n
pr
ogra
m
’s
e
ffecti
v
e
n
e
s
s.
T
he
q
uest
ion
n
a
ire
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
sa
ti
sfi
e
d
cl
ie
nte
l
e
of
A
B
C
D
d
o
w
n
l
o
a
d
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
in
terne
t
.
Some
item
s
o
f
t
h
e
too
l
i
n
i
nt
erna
t
i
on
al
m
ea
su
re
s
were
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
,
t
o
eva
l
ua
t
e
p
a
r
en
t
’
s
kn
o
w
l
e
dge, sk
ills,
perc
ep
t
i
ons,
a
nd
be
ha
v
i
ors
r
e
g
ar
di
n
g
chi
ld deve
l
op
m
e
nt,
i
n
t
e
rac
t
i
on
w
ith
chi
l
d
ren,
and
d
i
sc
i
p
l
i
ne
p
rac
t
i
c
e
s
tow
ar
ds
p
a
r
e
n
tin
g
sk
il
ls.
The
foc
u
s
of
t
h
i
s
s
t
ud
y
is
t
h
e
s
oc
ial
in
ter
a
c
t
i
ons
a
s
w
e
ll
as
t
h
e
p
opu
l
a
ti
on
,
i
s
a
t
t
h
e
co
re
o
f
ABC
D
o
f
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
nc
l
ude
s
the
fi
ft
y
p
a
re
nts
l
i
ste
d
a
s
bene
fic
i
arie
s
o
f
t
h
e
pro
j
ec
t.
T
h
u
s
the
pa
rt
i
c
ip
a
t
i
n
g
repr
ese
n
ta
t
i
ve
sam
p
l
e
s
of
S
iti
o
P
i
li
t
a
n
d
S
iti
o
Ba
n
g
b
an
g
of
B
a
r
an
ga
y
Bal
a
m
b
an,
C
e
b
u.
T
here
fore
,
assets
o
f
the
fam
ilie
s
a
r
e
trea
t
e
d
as
t
he
m
e
a
ns
t
o
m
o
b
ilize
t
h
o
u
g
h
f
or
m
a
l
an
d
i
n
form
al
i
n
t
era
c
ti
ons.
Th
e
re
so
u
r
ces
o
f
c
r
ea
tin
g
ef
fi
c
i
ent
pare
n
tin
g
st
yle
s
o
f
t
h
e
com
m
uni
t
y
i
s
pra
c
tica
l
l
y
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
the
s
oc
ia
l
capi
t
al
c
once
p
t
a
nd
tre
a
t
i
ng
t
h
ese
rela
tio
ns
hips
a
s a
s
se
ts.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
E
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
’
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
–
t
o
t
a
r
g
e
t
a
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
-
b
a
s
e
d
e
v
i
d
e
nce
a
nd
em
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
e
mplo
ye
d
pare
n
tin
g
ed
uc
a
tio
n
pr
ogra
m
,
the
re
sear
cher
w
a
s
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
ol
l
a
t
e
i
n
f
or
ma
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
he
e
ffec
t
i
ve
n
e
ss
o
f
t
he
pro
g
ra
m.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJERE
I
S
S
N
:
2252-
88
22
Title o
f
m
a
n
u
sc
ript i
s
shor
t
a
nd cle
a
r, im
p
l
i
e
s research res
u
lts (Firs
t
Au
th
or)
25
7
3.1.
A
n
alys
i
s
o
f Pa
r
e
n
t
in
g Edu
c
at
i
o
n
Pr
ogr
am
T
h
i
s
A
B
C
D
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
e
x
i
s
t
s
t
o
e
x
p
l
i
c
ate d
e
sirab
l
e
as
pe
c
t
s
of
c
h
i
l
d,
p
are
n
t
an
d fam
i
l
y
w
e
l
l
b
ei
n
g
.
A
com
p
rehe
nsive
r
e
view
o
f
t
h
e
evi
d
e
n
ce
b
a
s
ed
t
o
m
e
a
s
ure
th
e
leve
l
o
f
ef
fe
ct
iv
en
es
s
o
f
t
he
p
a
r
ent
i
n
g
e
d
u
cati
o
n
pro
g
ra
m.
T
abl
e
1
s
how
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
pro
g
ram
w
a
s
e
v
alua
te
d
fol
l
ow
in
g
the
thr
ee
c
r
iteria
i
n
o
rder
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
te
t
h
e
P
a
renti
ng
P
r
o
g
ra
m
of
t
he
C
TE
a
n
d
the
implem
e
n
ta
tio
n
stra
t
e
gie
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
c
lie
nte
l
e
nee
d
s.
T
he
f
i
r
st
c
r
i
t
e
ri
o
n
w
a
s
a
v
ery
p
r
act
i
c
al
o
n
e
-
th
e
in
cl
i
n
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
a
r
e
nting
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
used.
It
c
ons
i
s
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
foc
u
s
gro
ups
a
nd
i
n
t
e
rview
s
w
hic
h
w
ere
organ
i
ze
d
w
ith
t
he
E
xt
e
n
sio
n
p
ro
fess
iona
l
s
,
Ex
t
e
n
s
i
on
D
i
re
ct
or
a
nd
V
i
c
e
P
r
esiden
t
(Res
ea
rch,
E
xte
n
si
on
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
ati
on)
t
o
as
se
ss
the
e
ffic
i
en
cy
o
f
pro
g
r
a
m
deli
very
a
n
d
t
he
appr
opr
i
a
t
e
nes
s
o
f
the
pr
ogra
m
d
e
s
i
g
n
in
a
c
h
ie
v
i
n
g
its
e
x
t
e
n
sio
n
pr
oje
c
t
ob
jec
t
i
v
es.
T
h
e
pro
g
r
a
m
w
a
s
r
a
ted
on
e
a
c
h
c
ri
t
e
ri
on
us
i
ng
a
L
i
k
e
r
t
-
t
y
p
e
.
S
c
i
e
n
ce-
based
rat
i
n
g
s
r
a
nge
d
from
zer
o
(
t
he
re
w
as
no
c
l
ear
e
v
i
d
e
nce
o
f
rese
arc
h
supp
o
r
t in t
he
p
rogra
m
) to fi
v
e
(a
n evi
d
e
n
t
l
y succ
essf
ul exte
n
s
i
on pr
o
g
r
am
at
w
o
rk).
Tab
l
e1.
S
u
m
m
ary
of
P
ar
entin
g
P
r
ogr
am Rat
i
ngs
f
or
E
mpiri
c
al Effe
cti
v
en
e
s
s
Pa
r
e
nting
Progr
a
m
N
am
e
(
T
a
r
g
e
t
Au
d
i
en
ce)
R
e
a
d
i
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
r
o
gr
am
R
eco
mm
e
n
d
e
d
I
m
p
l
emen
t
a
t
i
o
n
Em
piric
a
l
E
ffec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
Pa
r
e
nting
Educ
ation
of
t
he
C
ollege
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
r
E
duca
t
ion
(Pa
r
e
n
t
s
o
f
C
h
il
dr
e
n
a
g
e
s
2
to
4
y
ea
rs
w
it
h
the
le
a
r
n
e
rs
i
n
a
diffe
re
nt
l
ea
r
n
ing
st
ation)
T
h
e
ex
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
w
o
r
k
er
s
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
2
m
odul
e
s
;
on
e
for
the
p
a
r
e
nts
a
nd
th
e
othe
r
one
f
or
t
h
e
y
oung
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
“
K
ABAT
AA
N
”
15
tw
o-
h
o
u
r
s
e
ssi
o
n
s
4
Ea
ch
n
ume
r
al
r
a
t
i
n
g
o
n
a
L
ik
e
r
t-ty
pe
g
au
ge
o
f
t
h
e
pro
g
r
a
m
w
a
s
r
ated
o
n
ea
ch
c
ri
ter
i
o
n
w
ith
v
i
b
ra
nt
pec
u
l
i
ar
itie
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
ca
t
e
gor
i
e
s.
I
n
t
h
e
eva
l
ua
ti
on,
t
h
e
s
e
lf-
h
e
l
p
modu
les
a
b
o
u
t
p
a
r
ent
e
d
uca
t
i
o
n
and
KABATAAN
fo
r
yo
ung
l
ear
n
ers
were
g
en
eral
ly
u
sab
l
e
in
a
s
er
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
ten
s
i
on
sessions.
The
P
a
re
nt
i
n
g
Ed
uca
t
i
on,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
ed
by
th
e
Co
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
T
e
ache
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
on
of
t
he
C
ebu
N
o
rm
al
U
nive
rsity,
he
l
p
e
d
t
he
pare
n
t
s of
y
o
ung
c
h
i
ldre
n to re
s
p
o
nd
i
nste
a
d
o
f
re
t
o
rt
t
o
p
e
rpl
e
x
i
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
’
s
be
ha
v
i
or.
T
h
e
par
e
n
t
i
n
g
e
d
uca
t
i
on
pro
g
ra
m
show
s
pos
it
ive
outc
o
m
e
r
e
c
ords
s
i
n
ce
t
he
o
rgan
i
z
e
d
e
va
l
u
a
t
o
r
s
r
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
u
r
o
u
t
f
i
v
e
a
s
evi
d
e
n
t
l
y
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
p
r
ogram
a
t
w
o
rk.
I
t
i
s
gr
oun
de
d
in
one
o
f
t
he
p
a
r
ent
i
n
g
p
r
ogr
a
m
s
in
t
he
c
h
i
l
d
’s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
l
st
ag
es
a
nd
b
eh
av
io
ral
t
h
eo
ri
es
a
n
d
p
r
in
ci
pl
es
w
h
i
c
h
w
e
r
e
u
s
eful
o
f
p
a
re
nt
ing
th
at
p
arent
s
a
nd
chi
l
d
ren
i
n
fl
ue
nce
one
a
no
th
e
r
i
n
a
r
eci
pro
c
al
m
an
ne
r
(F
ox
a
nd
N
i
c
h
o
l
son,
2
00
3).
Ev
alua
tio
n
resea
r
ch
on
C
T
E
Pa
re
n
t
i
ng
Edu
cat
i
o
n
w
h
i
l
e
u
til
i
z
in
g
15
t
wo
-hou
r
sessio
n
s,
l
on
g
i
t
u
dina
l
a
s
se
ssme
n
t
a
nd
la
r
g
e
s
a
m
p
le
si
ze
s
25
p
a
r
en
ts
i
n
t
h
e
mo
rn
ing
sess
ion
and
the
sam
e
num
ber
in
a
n
othe
r
si
ti
o
of
t
he
s
am
e
ba
ran
g
a
y
r
e
p
rese
n
t
s
as
r
e
m
a
r
kable
of
t
he
s
a
i
d
e
x
t
e
ns
io
n.
F
irm
i
n
g
f
am
il
y
pr
ogr
a
m
c
ar
tels
t
h
e
r
espo
ns
ible
p
a
r
ent
s
a
n
d
t
he
y
o
u
t
h
fu
l
chi
l
d
ren
to
h
av
e
a
produc
ti
ve fam
i
l
y
an
d bu
i
l
d for
t
e
s
.
The
e
x
te
ns
i
on
pa
ren
t
i
n
g
program
p
ro
jec
t
a
d
d
resses
t
h
e
sch
o
o
l
e
n
t
hus
i
a
sm
e
xt
e
n
ts
b
es
i
d
es
e
d
u
cati
o
n
a
l
app
e
al
s
p
r
ofo
undl
y
i
n
t
h
e
e
xp
an
se
o
n
th
e
l
i
t
e
rac
y
.
The
t
o
pi
cs
i
n
K
A
BA
T
A
A
N
M
od
ule
pro
v
i
d
e
the ne
ce
ssa
r
y m
a
ter
i
a
l
s
for t
h
e
fifty
yo
u
ng l
ear
ners i
n
t
h
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
a
nd
func
t
i
ona
l l
ite
rac
y
s
ki
lls in
prepar
a
t
i
on o
f
the
i
r
fo
r
m
a
l
K
in
derga
r
te
n
sc
ho
o
l
i
ng.
F
ay
(
20
0
7
)
deba
te
s
t
h
e
lo
v
e
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
in
l
i
n
e
f
o
r
the
s
o
c
i
o-
co
gn
iti
v
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
e
l
y
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
d
b
y
t
he
p
are
n
t-ed
uca
t
o
r
i
m
p
le
me
nte
r
s
bec
a
u
se
i
t
has
be
e
n
e
va
lua
t
e
d
i
n
t
e
r
na
ll
y
an
d
t
h
e
c
l
i
e
nt
e
l
e
ar
e
re
quir
e
d
to
a
tte
nd
t
h
e
sc
he
du
le
d
sessi
on
s.
O
ne
o
f
t
h
e
educ
a
t
ors
c
o
mm
ented
on
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
nsio
n
w
o
rker
s
utm
o
st
d
es
ire
to
h
e
l
p
the
com
m
u
n
i
ty
a
nd
e
x
te
n
d
gr
eat
service
s
n
o
t
on
l
y t
o
t
he
p
are
n
ts
b
u
t
a
lso t
o
t
h
e
you
ng
m
i
nd
s.
The
pro
j
ec
t
in
clu
d
es
a
s
tro
n
g
e
va
lua
tio
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
O
ne
o
f
the
ev
a
l
u
a
to
rs
m
ent
i
o
n
e
d
on
t
he
effec
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
he
p
rogra
m
i
n
re
fi
n
i
n
g
t
he
p
ar
en
ts’
k
now
led
g
e
,
skil
l
s
,
at
tit
ud
es
a
nd
v
al
u
e
s
on
c
o
n
f
i
de
n
c
e,
resour
cef
u
l
ne
ss
an
d
co
p
i
n
g
s
ki
l
l
s.
A
no
the
r
e
duc
a
t
or
r
eve
a
l
ed
o
n
e
nco
u
ra
gin
g
a
s
a
f
e
a
nd
low
e
n
c
o
u
n
ter
of
fi
g
h
ts
w
ith
i
n
t
he
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
o
rh
oo
d
e
n
vi
r
onme
n
t
in
t
he
f
a
m
i
l
y
w
h
i
c
h
one
o
f
the
bara
n
g
a
y
o
ffic
i
a
ls
a
ffi
r
m
e
d
o
f
the
less
ne
ig
h
bor
in
g
c
o
nfl
i
ct
s
o
n
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
i
nst
e
ad
t
he
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
s
i
tios
/
p
lac
e
s
u
p
h
o
l
ds
f
a
m
i
l
y’s
pro
g
re
ss
i
n
term
s
of
s
oc
ial
is
u
e
s,
e
m
o
ti
ona
l
chal
len
g
es
a
nd
be
h
a
v
io
ra
l
co
n
c
e
r
n
s
t
h
r
ou
gh
p
a
r
en
ti
ng
e
du
c
a
ti
on
session
s.
P
osit
i
v
e pare
nt
in
g
l
u
re
s on som
e
so
c
ial le
arn
i
n
g
m
ode
ls, i
n
form
ation pr
oc
ess
i
n
g
repr
e
senta
t
io
ns an
d
f
itn
e
ss p
e
rsp
ect
iv
e
s
of so
me t
h
e
o
r
et
i
cal
in
s
i
g
h
t
s (San
d
e
rs et
.
a
l
., 200
3).
3.2.
O
v
era
ll
e
nq
ui
ry
o
f t
h
e
co
m
m
u
ni
ty
o
n the
e
ffe
cti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
Pa
r
ent
in
g Ed
u
c
ation
Progr
am
A
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
v
ia
b
l
e
o
f
a
s
oc
ie
ta
l
dri
v
en
i
m
p
ro
vem
e
nt
c
om
muni
t
y-d
r
i
v
en
d
e
v
e
l
p
m
en
t
,
a
nd
c
o
nst
r
u
c
t
s
t
h
e
a
ss
ets
t
h
a
t
a
re
a
l
r
ea
dy
f
oun
d
in
t
h
e
c
ommu
n
a
l
i
s
a
n
ee
d
for
A
s
se
t
Ba
se
d
C
o
mm
unit
y
D
e
ve
lopm
en
t
(
A
BCD
)
.
A
disti
n
gu
ish
i
n
g
m
e
a
s
urem
ents
a
n
d
s
e
t
o
f
sk
i
l
l
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
i
s
t
o
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
h
e
impro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
he
c
om
mun
i
ty.
T
h
e
be
nefic
i
a
r
ies
ra
te
d
the
use
f
u
l
n
ess
of
t
he
p
r
ogra
m
v
e
r
y
h
i
gh
i
n
t
erm
s
o
f
the
w
a
y
an
d
the
co
vera
ge
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
p
i
cs
w
er
e
addre
s
se
d.
M
oreover
,
th
ey
e
qu
at
ed
t
he
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s
and
th
e
dis
c
ussions
of
t
he
r
eleva
n
t
issu
e
s
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
a
s
i
n
f
o
rm
atio
n
co
n
ve
ye
d
fr
om
t
h
e
p
r
o
gr
a
m
f
a
c
il
it
a
t
or
s
as
t
im
e
fre
e
d
of
t
he
d
u
r
ation
o
f
t
he
p
rogram
.
This
s
how
s
t
h
at
e
n
h
a
nci
n
g
t
he
s
k
i
l
l
s
of
t
he
p
a
r
e
n
ts
i
n
e
d
uca
t
i
n
g
the
i
r
chi
l
d
ren
b
y
t
o
d
a
y
's
s
ta
nda
rd
s
and
f
o
r
the
fu
t
u
r
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
i
nc
lu
de
t
he
u
se
o
f
m
a
na
ging
sit
u
ati
o
ns
o
n
h
o
w
the
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
2
5
2
-
88
22
I
J
ERE
Vol.
7, No.
3
, Se
pt
e
m
b
e
r
2018
: 253
– 258
25
8
r
e
spo
nde
d
the
a
c
tiv
i
ties
ba
se
d
on
t
h
e
d
i
spla
ye
d
a
c
t
i
ons.
T
h
e
pa
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
pr
ogr
am
p
r
o
vid
e
d
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
xper
i
enc
e
s t
o
deve
l
op
ass
i
sta
n
c
e
s
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
c
h
ildr
e
n
a
nd
c
once
p
ts
o
f
c
h
il
d
f
o
r
t
i
f
ica
t
i
on
tha
t
a
l
l
o
w
s
t
hem
to
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
in
t
he
w
or
l
d
b
e
y
on
d
u
pho
l
d
i
n
g
c
h
ildr
e
n’
s
cr
e
a
ti
v
i
t
y
.
Th
e
app
r
op
ri
a
t
e
a
n
d
su
cc
e
s
sf
ul
p
a
r
en
t
i
n
g
pr
ogr
am
h
a
s
t
he
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
be
nef
i
t
a
ll
m
e
m
b
er
s
in
t
he
s
ocie
t
y
.
Th
us,
the
pa
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
e
duca
t
io
n
ha
s
a
gr
e
a
t
be
ar
i
ng
i
n
i
nter
con
n
ec
t
i
n
g
w
it
h
yo
u
ngs
ter
s
’
w
o
r
l
d.
4.
CONCLUSION
P
a
r
e
nti
ng
Ed
u
cati
o
n
P
r
ogr
a
m
t
hr
o
u
g
h
t
he
d
ir
ec
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
CN
U
’
S
Exten
s
i
o
n’s
missi
o
n
fa
ll
s
in
to
be
in
g
pr
epa
r
ed
,
e
v
ide
n
ce-
bas
e
d
a
n
d
e
m
pir
i
c
a
lly
c
e
r
tif
ied.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
r
ev
e
a
l
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
nti
n
g
educ
at
ion
h
a
v
e
a
g
r
e
a
t
c
h
a
r
g
e
t
o
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e.
T
he
se
p
o
i
nte
d
ou
t
to
the
c
o
nc
lus
i
on
tha
t
the
pr
ogr
am
i
s
w
e
l
l
-
p
la
nne
d
e
x
te
ns
ion
a
c
t
iv
it
y
a
n
d
eva
l
ua
te
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
stu
d
ies
b
e
st
a
c
h
i
e
ve
t
he
r
oles
a
s
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
g
e
n
c
y
.
A
m
p
l
e
a
s
s
e
t
s
c
a
n
i
n
c
l
i
n
e
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
n
ur
t
u
r
i
ng
a
n
d
sup
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
hom
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
b
eca
use
o
f
t
he
E
x
t
ens
i
on
pro
j
ec
t
cr
eate
d
b
y
the
Tea
c
h
er
E
duca
t
io
n
F
acul
t
y.
A
n
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
ti
ng
to
o
l
t
ha
t
pr
o
v
e
s
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
a
t
the
“
E
X
TEN
S
I
O
N
pr
ogr
am
i
s
a
t
PR
OGR
ESS
”
t
o
mend
t
h
e
e
xi
st
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
c
h
il
dr
e
n
a
n
d
f
am
il
i
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
dur
e
o
f
t
he
p
r
ogr
a
m
acc
or
d
i
ng
t
o
the
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
co
mmu
n
i
t
y
r
es
p
ond
ent
s
.
E
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
ag
en
ci
es
a
n
d
ex
t
e
n
s
io
n
wo
rk
e
r
s
o
f
pa
r
e
nt
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
pr
oj
e
c
t
s
in
l
o
c
ales
suc
h
a
s
f
a
r
-
flu
ng
ar
ea
s
have
a
c
oun
t
l
ess
ac
co
un
ta
bi
l
ity
t
o
pr
ov
ide
pro
g
r
a
ms tha
t a
r
e
valua
b
le
a
n
d
o
pe
rat
i
v
e.
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Ret
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p://ww
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js
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u
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