Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
E
v
al
ua
ti
o
n
and
Rese
arch in
Education (I
JE
RE)
V
o
l.5
,
No
.1
, Mar
c
h20
16
, pp
.
2
2
~
3
1
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
2
2
22
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJERE
Formulating Employability Skills
for Graduates of Public
Health Study Program
Nurul Qomari
yah
1
, Titi
Sa
vi
tri
2
, Tridj
o
k
o
Hadi
an
to
2
, Mo
ra C
l
a
r
amit
a
2
1
Faculty
of Public Health
, Univ
er
sitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yog
y
akar
ta, Indon
esia
2
F
acult
y
of M
e
d
i
cine
, Univ
ers
i
t
y
of Gadjah
M
a
da
,
Yog
y
akart
a
,
Ind
ones
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Dec 17, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Jan 22, 201
6
Accepted
Mar 16, 2016
Em
plo
y
ab
ili
t
y
skills (ES
)
are
im
portant for effect
ive and
successful
individual participation
in
the wo
rkplac
e. Th
e m
a
i
n
aim
s
of the res
earch wer
e
to identif
y im
p
o
rtant ES need
ed b
y
gradu
a
te
s of
Public Health Stu
d
y
Program Unive
r
sitas Ahmad
Dahlan
(PHSP
UAD)
and to
assess
the
achi
e
vem
e
nt of
the
ES
deve
lo
pm
ent that
has
been
carr
i
ed o
u
t b
y
P
H
S
P
UAD.This study
used
a mix
e
d
method resear
ch with
conver
g
ent d
e
sign.
Quantit
ativ
e res
earch w
a
s cond
ucted wi
th surv
e
y
to gr
aduat
e
s.
Qualit
ativ
e
research
was co
nducted with str
u
ctured
interviews to emplo
y
ers. Both d
a
ta
were anal
yz
ed
s
e
parate
l
y
an
d inte
rpreted concurrently
. Graduates and
emplo
y
ers of P
H
SP UAD in br
oad outlin
e
were
in
line
on
the
i
m
portant ES
needed in
the workplac
e and the
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt of the achi
e
vem
e
nt
.
S
e
veral E
S
cons
is
tentl
y
wer
e
cons
ider
ed im
portant
. The
ac
hievem
ent of E
S
that wer
e
related
to public health knowledge and
its app
lication w
e
re
alread
y
h
i
gh,
m
eanwhile seve
ral im
portan
t
ES
which are
need
ed in th
e work plac
e in t
h
e
21
st
centu
r
y
were
still
low.
ES ne
eded for
gradu
a
t
e
s of PHSP UAD had be
en
formulated. Cur
r
iculum revision
is r
ecom
m
e
nde
d to integrat
e E
S
into core
acad
em
ic a
c
tiv
it
ies
to prom
ote
t
h
e deve
lopm
ent
of ES
need
ed i
n
the work
plac
e in
th
e 21
st
centur
y
.
Keyword:
Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y sk
ills
Em
pl
oy
er
Gra
d
uate
Pub
lic h
ealth
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Nu
rul
Q
o
m
a
riyah,
Facu
lty of Public Health
,
Uni
v
ersitas A
h
m
a
d
Da
hlan,
Jl
. Pr
of
S
o
e
p
o
m
o, Jant
ura
n
,
War
u
ng
b
o
t
o
,
Yo
gy
aka
r
t
a
– I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
.
Em
a
il: n
u
r
u
l
.qo
m
ariyah
@ikm
.u
ad
.ac.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
Lab
o
u
r
m
a
rket
and
hi
g
h
e
r
ed
ucat
i
on i
n
t
h
e
21
st
ce
nt
u
r
y
ar
e chan
gi
n
g
rap
i
dl
y
:
gl
obal
i
z
a
t
i
on,
rapi
d
adva
nces i
n
inform
ation and
comm
unication technol
ogy,
workplace diversifying,
inc
r
easing role of pri
v
ate
sect
or,
dec
r
eas
i
ng r
o
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
go
ve
rnm
e
nt
t
o
gua
ra
nt
ee t
h
ei
r
ci
t
i
zens’ em
ploy
m
e
nt
;
and i
n
creasi
n
g n
u
m
b
er o
f
st
ude
nt
s at
pri
m
ary
,
seco
nda
ry
, an
d
p
o
st
s
econ
d
a
r
y
l
e
vel
of
ed
ucat
i
o
n.
These
co
n
d
i
t
i
ons
res
u
l
t
e
d i
n
a
n
in
cr
easing
nu
mb
er of
scho
lar
s
an
d co
m
p
etitio
n
in th
e
wo
r
l
d
o
f
wo
rk
[
1
]-[6
].
Th
e n
e
g
a
tiv
e
i
m
p
acts
o
f
th
e co
nd
itio
ns
ab
ov
e for
t
h
ose who
can
no
t co
m
p
ete are in
creasing
the
num
ber
of
u
n
e
m
pl
oym
ent
.
I
n
t
e
rnat
i
o
nal
Lab
o
u
r
Or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
(
I
LO
) s
h
ow
ed t
h
at
i
n
2
0
1
2
,
y
o
u
t
h
i
n
I
n
do
nesi
a
was 5
,
97
ti
m
e
s
m
o
re lik
ely
to
b
e
un
em
p
l
o
y
ed
th
an
th
ose aged 25 years and above
an
d i
n
20
1
5
u
n
em
pl
oym
ent
rat
e
de
ri
ve
d
fr
om
a uni
ve
rsi
t
y
educat
i
o
n i
n
t
h
e p
o
pul
at
i
o
n
aged
1
5
y
e
a
r
s
and
ab
o
v
e
was
5,
34
% [
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Unem
pl
oy
m
e
n
t
can be a
n
t
i
c
i
p
at
ed
by
i
d
ent
i
fy
i
ng t
h
e
pr
o
f
i
l
e
s of g
r
ad
uat
e
s wh
o a
r
e ne
eded i
n
t
h
e
workplace. Ma
ny studies s
uggest that
em
ployers nee
d
graduates who
ha
ve
two adva
ntages, nam
e
ly: cognitive
ad
v
a
n
t
ag
es in su
bj
ect sp
ecific and
sk
ills th
at are g
e
neral in
n
a
t
u
re [9
]-[14
]. Generic sk
ills which
are
specifically i
m
portant t
o
the
success
of
a
n
individual i
n
the
workplace a
r
e
known as em
ployability skills [15]
.
These skills are also
known
by di
ffere
n
t te
rm
s, nam
e
ly:
key skills,
generic skills,
workplace know-how,
tran
sferab
le sk
ills, co
re work sk
ills; an
d in
Ind
o
n
e
sia
t
h
ese sk
ills are
b
e
tter
k
nown as so
ft
sk
ills [1
0
]
,[16
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Fo
rmu
l
a
tin
g Emp
l
o
y
ab
ility Skills fo
r Grad
ua
tes
o
f
Pub
lic
Hea
lth S
t
u
d
y
Pro
g
ram (Nu
r
u
l
Qoma
riyah
)
23
ILO
d
e
fi
n
e
s em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y s
k
ills as… “the sk
ills, kn
owled
g
e
an
d
com
p
eten
cies th
at en
h
a
n
ce a
worker’s ab
ility to
secure and
retain
a job
,
p
r
og
ress
at wo
rk
an
d
cop
e
with
chang
e
, secu
re ano
t
h
e
r
j
o
b
i
f
h
e
/sh
e
wan
t
s to
qu
it or h
a
s
been
laid
off
and
en
ter m
o
re
easily in
to
th
e lab
our m
a
rk
et at d
i
fferen
t
p
e
ri
o
d
s
of
the life cycle”.
Core em
ploya
b
ility sk
ills according t
o
the ILO a
r
e
groupe
d
int
o
4
cate
gories
of skills, na
m
e
ly:
l
earni
n
g
t
o
l
ear
n, c
o
m
m
uni
cati
on,
t
eam
work
,
an
d p
r
obl
em
sol
v
i
n
g
[1
0]
.
A
ssoci
at
i
o
n
Sc
h
ool
of
P
ubl
i
c
Heal
t
h
(ASPH) reco
mmen
d
s
th
at in
th
e 21
st
cen
tury p
u
b
lic h
ealth
p
r
o
f
ession
als need
to
b
e
ab
le
to
work
tog
e
t
h
er and
co
mm
u
n
i
cate with
p
r
ofession
als
fro
m
d
i
fferen
t
d
i
scip
lin
es, b
e
t
w
een in
stitu
tio
ns acro
ss
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
a
l
bo
u
nda
ri
es;
ca
pabl
e
of
usi
n
g
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on t
echn
o
l
o
gy
;
u
n
d
erst
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
i
versi
t
y
an
d c
u
l
t
u
re;
pr
ofe
s
s
i
onal
;
l
eaders
h
i
p
;
pr
o
g
ram
pl
an
ni
n
g
;
an
d sy
st
em
t
h
inki
ng
[
4
]
.
Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t in
h
i
gh
er ed
u
cation
requires a sp
ecial strateg
y
. Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
devel
opm
ent
p
r
oces
s re
q
u
i
r
es
3 m
a
i
n
part
i
e
s
an
d 3
i
m
port
a
nt
p
r
oce
sses i
n
vol
ved
.
T
h
ree
m
a
i
n
part
i
e
s,
n
a
m
e
l
y
:
stu
d
e
n
t
s, in
stitu
tio
ns o
f
h
i
g
h
e
r ed
u
cation
and
em
p
l
o
y
ers. Stu
d
e
n
t
s are resp
on
si
b
l
e fo
r selectin
g
an
d
eng
a
g
i
ng
with
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t op
portun
ities p
r
ov
id
ed
by h
i
g
h
e
r edu
c
atio
n
in
stitu
tion
s
and
g
e
t in
vo
lved
with
ex
tra-curricu
l
ar activ
ities. Ped
a
go
g
i
c pro
cess, self reflectio
n
,
and
art
i
cu
latio
n
of abilit
y an
d
ex
perien
ce
are
3
im
p
o
r
tan
t
pro
cesses
n
e
ed
ed in
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility d
e
v
e
lopmen
t [2
].
In
1
996
UNESCO h
a
s in
itiated
th
e con
c
ep
t of "lib
er
al/g
en
eral ed
u
cation
"
wh
ich
is b
a
sed o
n
th
e
four
p
illars of ed
u
c
atio
n
(learn
i
n
g to
kno
w, learn
i
ng
to
do
, learn
i
n
g
t
o
liv
e
to
g
e
th
er an
d learn
i
n
g
t
o
b
e
). Th
i
s
co
n
c
ep
t is a
bro
a
d in
terd
isciplin
ary curricu
lu
m
th
at fo
cus
o
n
creativ
ity, critical th
in
k
i
ng, cu
ltural awaren
ess,
p
r
ob
lem so
lv
in
g, and
co
mmu
n
i
cation
sk
ills [1
],[17
]
. Ali
g
n
e
d
with
th
e strateg
y
th
at
h
a
s b
e
en
in
itiated
b
y
UNE
SC
O
,
IL
O rec
o
m
m
ends a st
rat
e
gy
t
h
at
gi
ves
g
r
eat
er
em
phasi
s
on l
e
arni
ng
by
d
o
i
n
g,
wo
r
k
i
n
g i
n
gr
o
ups
,
an
d
t
h
ink
i
ng
creativ
ely. ILO also
em
p
h
a
sizes th
at in
teg
r
atio
n
of em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills
in
to
core acad
e
m
i
c
activ
ities is b
e
tter th
an
o
n
l
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
ng
a "sk
ills curricu
lu
m
"
sep
a
rately [10
]
.
Pub
lic Health
Stu
d
y
Prog
ram Un
iv
ersitas Ah
m
a
d
Dahla
n
(
P
HS
P UA
D)
was
esta
blishe
d
si
nce 20
0
3
.
It
i
s
pa
rt
o
f
1
7
2
p
u
b
l
i
c
heal
t
h
hi
g
h
er
ed
ucat
i
on i
n
In
d
onesi
a. To
be a
sch
ool
of
P
ubl
i
c
Heal
t
h
wh
o e
x
cel
i
n
scien
ce and
tech
no
log
y
in
the field
of pub
lic h
ealth
,
p
r
of
essi
onal
,
de
di
cat
ed
an
d
ab
le
to
prov
id
e serv
ices
base
d on m
o
ra
ls and et
hics of Islam
are the vision
of
PH
SP
UA
D. Tw
o
pr
og
r
a
m
s
ar
e pr
ov
ided,
n
a
m
e
l
y
:
reg
u
l
a
r (
h
i
g
h scho
ol
gra
d
uat
e
s and eq
ui
val
e
nt
as t
h
e requi
rem
e
nt
) and n
on re
g
u
l
a
r (
d
i
p
l
o
m
a
degree as t
h
e
requirem
ent).
Recent curriculum
has b
een
use
d
since
2012 with se
ve
ral
i
m
portant activities, which a
r
e: face
to face lectures (120 c
r
e
d
its
-83.3%), laborat
o
ry work a
n
d field activ
ities (@10 cre
d
its-@ 6.9% respecti
v
ely).
Since 2013, PHSP
UAD
wa
s accredited B
from
the Nati
onal Accre
d
itation B
o
ard of
Highe
r Education [18]-
[2
0]
.
Th
is stud
y was co
ndu
cted
to id
en
tify th
e em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y s
k
ills n
eed
ed
by g
r
adu
a
tes of PHSP
UAD
an
d
t
o
assess t
h
e ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e em
p
l
oyab
ility sk
ills
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t th
at h
a
s
b
e
en
carried
ou
t b
y
PHSP
UA
D.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
S
A m
i
xed m
e
t
hod re
searc
h
wi
t
h
con
v
e
r
ge
nt
desi
g
n
was c
o
nd
uct
e
d
fo
r t
h
e st
udy
. Q
u
ant
i
t
a
t
i
v
e and
q
u
a
litativ
e stud
ies were co
nd
u
c
ted
at th
e sam
e
ti
me, D
ece
m
b
er 20
14 to
Feb
r
u
a
ry 2
015
. Bo
th
research
m
e
thods
ha
ve
the sam
e
pri
o
rity.
Qua
n
titative and
qua
litative data
were a
n
alyzed
separately a
n
d then
in
terpreted concu
r
ren
tly to
com
p
are an
d to
relate 2
persp
e
ctiv
es [2
1
]
.
2.
1.
Qua
n
tit
a
tive Met
h
o
d
Qu
an
titativ
e research
was con
d
u
c
ted
with
su
rv
ey
to
PHSP UAD grad
uates, b
o
t
h
from reg
u
l
ar and
no
n re
g
u
l
a
r st
udy
p
r
og
ram
.
The i
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n cri
t
e
ri
a were:
gra
d
uat
e
s wh
o
have
been
w
o
r
k
i
n
g. T
h
e re
searc
h
sam
p
l
e
was det
e
rm
i
n
ed by
con
v
e
n
i
e
nce s
a
m
p
l
i
ng wi
t
h
a
m
i
nim
u
m
n
u
m
b
er of
1
0
0
resp
o
nde
nt
s f
o
r t
h
e
descri
ptive res
earch
[22].
Gen
e
ric Sk
ills Qu
estionn
aire fro
m
Tu
n
i
ng
Edu
catio
n
a
l St
ru
ct
u
r
e was u
s
ed
as th
e in
stru
m
e
n
t
. Th
is
que
st
i
o
n
n
ai
re
has
been
use
d
ext
e
nsi
v
el
y
i
n
Eur
o
pe o
n
T
u
n
i
ng
researc
h
i
n
20
0
6
a
nd i
n
t
h
e su
bseq
ue
nt
T
uni
n
g
stu
d
i
es.
Th
e
qu
estion
n
a
ire
co
n
t
ains 30
item
s
o
f
co
m
p
et
en
cies/sk
ills con
s
istin
g
of th
ree co
nstru
c
ts,
n
a
m
e
l
y
:
instrum
e
nt com
p
etencies, interper
s
o
nal com
p
etencies, and system
ic
com
p
etencies. The
questionnai
r
e
measured t
h
os
e varia
b
les on
three as
pect
s:
i
m
port
a
nce, l
e
v
e
l
of achi
e
vem
e
nt
an
d ra
n
k
i
n
g.
Assessm
ent
of t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
c
e was do
n
e
b
y
selectin
g
a sco
r
e fro
m
1
to
4
o
n
th
e lik
ert scale at 3
0
ex
isting co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills,
nam
e
ly
:
1=not
im
port
a
nt
;
2=l
e
ss im
port
a
nt
;
3=m
oderat
e
l
y
i
m
port
a
nt
;
4=i
m
port
a
nt
. Le
ve
l
of ac
hi
evem
ent
was
m
easured
i
n
t
h
e sam
e
way
,
nam
e
l
y
:
1=n
one
;
2=l
e
ss;
3=m
oderat
e
;
4=
g
o
o
d
.
B
l
ank
space
was
pr
ovi
de
d f
o
r t
h
e
respon
d
e
n
t
who
wan
t
ed
to
add
o
t
h
e
r sk
ills th
at were co
n
s
i
d
ered
im
p
o
r
tant b
u
t
n
o
t
in
cl
ud
ed
in
th
e
3
0
ex
istin
g
sk
ills. Ran
k
i
n
g
was co
m
p
iled
b
a
sed
o
n
fi
v
e
sk
ills in
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e. Fo
r each
respo
n
d
e
n
t
, th
e first ran
k
score
d
5 p
o
i
n
t
s
,
sec
o
n
d
ran
k
s
c
ore
d
4 p
o
i
n
t
s
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
,
a
n
d fi
nal
l
y
t
h
e fi
f
t
h
sc
ore
d
1. Sc
ore
d
0 was use
d
fo
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:22
52-
882
2
IJER
E
V
o
l
.
5,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h2
01
6
:
2
2
–
3
1
24
u
n
s
elected
com
p
eten
cies. Co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills furth
e
r arran
g
e
d
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
h
i
gh
est
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
po
i
n
ts to
t
h
e
lo
west.
Th
e qu
estionnair
e h
a
d
b
e
en
tr
an
slated
i
n
to
I
ndo
n
e
sian
b
y
r
e
sear
ch
ers and
h
a
s
b
een
con
s
u
lted
w
ith
co
lleag
ue in
t
h
e field of M
e
d
i
cal Edu
catio
n, Pu
b
lic
Health
, and
Eng
lish
Dep
a
rtm
e
n
t
. Leg
i
b
ility test was
per
f
o
r
m
e
d rep
eat
edl
y
t
o
5
pe
opl
e
fr
om
PHSP U
AD
wi
t
h
t
h
e i
n
t
e
nt
i
o
n t
h
at
t
h
e res
p
on
de
n
t
can u
n
d
erst
a
n
d t
h
e
cont
e
n
t
s
of
t
h
e que
st
i
o
n
n
ai
re
.
Qu
an
titativ
e research
was con
d
u
c
ted
i
n
th
e
fo
llowing
steps: 1
)
d
a
ta
o
f
the respon
d
e
n
t
was ob
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
exi
s
t
i
n
g dat
a
i
n
t
h
e al
um
ni
boo
k, f
o
l
l
o
we
d by
sn
ow
bal
l
m
e
t
hod t
o
get
t
h
e newest
dat
a
;
2) resea
r
c
h
ers
co
n
t
acted
p
r
osp
ectiv
e
resp
on
d
e
n
t
s i
n
d
i
v
i
du
ally, ask
i
n
g
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess to b
e
co
me resp
ond
en
ts -
i
f
responde
nts e
x
presse
d their willingnes
s
,
the researc
h
e
r
s will then send c
o
ver letter, brie
f rese
arch
expla
n
ation, inform
ed consent and a
questionnai
r
e
via
em
a
il/p
o
s
t/d
irect
v
i
sit as ag
reed.
On
lin
e qu
estion
n
a
i
r
e
di
spl
a
y
e
d
wi
t
h
G
o
o
g
l
e
Dri
v
e
m
e
di
a. Quest
i
on
nai
r
es
se
nt
b
y
m
a
i
l
were ac
com
p
ani
e
d
by
a st
am
ped en
v
e
l
ope
an
d
add
r
ess to
r
e
tu
rn
th
e
qu
estion
n
a
ir
e.
Th
e
q
u
e
stio
nnair
e also
d
i
sp
layed
on
th
e
G
r
o
u
p
o
f
PHSP UAD
Gra
d
uat
e
Ass
o
ci
at
i
on (I
KA
KESM
AD
A)
on Face
b
o
o
k
.
Gra
d
uat
e
s wh
o co
ul
d n
o
t
be
cont
act
ed p
e
r
s
on
al
l
y
,
can access
the
que
stionnaire
via this social m
e
dia.
Th
e resu
lts o
f
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
research
was an
alyzed
d
e
scrip
tiv
ely and
th
en
fo
llo
wed
b
y
analysis o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce and
lev
e
l o
f
ach
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills with
I
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
Perfo
r
m
a
nce An
alysis (IPA) as
sh
own
in
Fi
g
u
re 1
.
IPA
was do
n
e
i
n
th
e fo
llowing
stag
es: the
m
ean
o
f
each ite
m
in
3
0
com
p
eten
cies/sk
ills o
n
th
e qu
estion
n
a
i
r
e v
i
su
alized
in
th
e
d
i
ag
ram
AIR (Martilla&
Jam
e
s) [1
3
]
. X ax
is in
the d
i
agram
is
th
e lev
e
l o
f
ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
,
wh
ile th
e
Y axis is th
e im
p
o
r
tan
ce. Med
i
an
o
f
th
e lev
e
l of ach
ievem
e
n
t
was
u
s
ed
as a
cen
tral
poi
nt on t
h
e
X
axis a
n
d the m
e
dian
of the
importan
ce
was
used as
a ce
ntral
point
on the
a
x
is Y.
Fig
u
re
1
.
Diag
ra
m
AIR-Martila& Jam
e
s (Cited
fro
m
Go
n
z
ales and
Wag
e
naar,
20
06
13
)
In
terpretatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
i
agram
(Figu
r
e 1):
a.
Co
n
c
en
tration
:
co
m
p
eten
cies th
at were co
n
s
i
d
ered
v
e
ry i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
u
t
in
wh
ich th
ere was littl
e
achi
e
vem
e
nt
.
b.
Lo
w pri
o
ri
t
y
:
com
p
et
enci
es whi
c
h were
n
o
t
consi
d
ere
d
very
i
m
port
a
nt
and i
n
w
h
i
c
h
achi
e
vem
e
nt
was
lo
w.
c.
Excess
effort: com
p
etencies that we
re
n
o
t
co
nsi
d
e
r
ed
ve
ry
i
m
port
a
nt
b
u
t
i
n
whi
c
h ac
hi
ev
em
ent
was
hi
g
h
.
d.
Maintenance: c
o
m
p
etencies that were
considered
i
m
port
a
nt
and
i
n
w
h
i
c
h a
c
hi
evem
ent
wa
s hi
gh
.
2.
2.
Qual
i
t
ati
v
e M
e
th
od
Qu
alitativ
e research
was cond
u
c
ted
b
y
structu
r
ed
in
terv
iew to
t
h
e em
p
l
o
y
ers. Th
e in
cl
usio
n
criteria
were em
pl
oy
er
s wh
o are w
o
r
k
i
n
g i
n
an i
n
st
i
t
ut
i
on t
h
at
i
s
l
o
cat
ed i
n
Y
ogy
a
k
art
a
(
D
I
Y
) a
n
d M
a
gel
a
n
g
an
d has
had
col
l
a
b
o
r
at
i
o
n
wi
t
h
P
H
SP
UA
D,
an
d /
o
r
have
st
af
fs
gra
duat
e
d
fr
om
PHSP
U
A
D
.
The resea
r
c
h
instrum
e
nt was a stru
ctu
r
ed
in
terv
iew gu
id
elin
es with
fo
ur q
u
e
stion
s
,
n
a
mely
: 1
)
are
th
e PHSP UAD g
r
adu
a
tes mu
st b
e
equ
i
pp
ed
with
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills
al
o
n
g
with
su
bj
ect sp
ecific sk
ills; 2
)
wh
at are t
h
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills n
e
ed
ed
b
y
grad
u
a
tes
o
f
PHSP
UAD; 3)
h
o
w is th
e ach
i
ev
em
en
t of
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility
sk
ills d
e
v
e
l
opmen
t th
at h
a
v
e
b
een carried
ou
t b
y
PHSP
UAD;
4
)
wh
at can
b
e
don
e b
y
PHSP
UAD t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
g
r
adu
a
tes emp
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills.
Th
e ti
m
e
fo
r th
e in
terv
iew was d
e
term
in
ed
b
a
se
d on the agreem
ents betwee
n res
p
onde
nts a
nd
research
ers and
th
e in
terv
iew started
with b
r
ief exp
l
an
at
ion of the rese
arch and
the s
i
gning of the consent
form
. Resu
lts
o
f
th
e in
terv
iew were co
nv
erted
in
to
a transcrip
t
i
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
ely after th
e i
n
terv
iew and
prio
r to
th
e n
e
x
t
in
terview. Tran
scri
p
t
s were an
alyzed
with
op
en
co
di
n
g
by
resea
r
chers a
nd
assis
t
ed by one res
earch
assistant as a
lecture
at PHSP UAD.
T
r
ansc
ripts
we
r
e
anal
y
zed
u
s
i
ng i
t
e
m
s
fr
o
m
Tuni
ng
Ge
neri
c
q
u
e
stio
nn
aire as th
e
gu
id
elin
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Fo
rmu
l
a
tin
g Emp
l
o
y
ab
ility Skills fo
r Grad
ua
tes
o
f
Pub
lic
Hea
lth S
t
u
d
y
Pro
g
ram (Nu
r
u
l
Qoma
riyah
)
25
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
3.
1.
Quantitative r
e
search results
3.
1.
1.
Ch
arac
teri
sti
c
s o
f
q
u
a
n
ti
t
a
ti
ve rese
a
rch re
spondents
Total data received we
re 104
res
ponde
nts, with details as f
o
llows
: 86 respondents fill out an onli
n
e
que
st
i
o
n
n
ai
re
,
t
w
o
res
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
sent
a
q
u
est
i
o
n
n
ai
re
by
m
a
il
, an
d
16
res
p
o
nde
nt
s
were
vi
si
t
e
d di
rect
l
y
.
Thre
e
d
a
ta cou
l
d
n
o
t b
e
u
s
ed
for th
e
fo
llowing reaso
n
s: on
e in
co
m
p
lete qu
estion
n
a
ire an
d two
n
o
t
wo
rk
ing
respon
d
e
n
t
s. To
tal d
a
ta an
aly
zed
was 10
1. Th
e ch
aract
eristics o
f
qu
an
titativ
e resear
ch
resp
ond
en
ts are sh
own
in
Tab
l
e 1.
Tab
l
e
1
.
C
h
aracteristics o
f
quan
titativ
e research respo
n
d
e
n
t
s
Characteristic
N %
Sex
M
a
le
43
42.
6
Fem
a
le
58
57.
4
Age
<30 y
ear
s old
68
67.
3
>30 y
ear
s old
33
32.
7
E
ducational pr
ogr
am
backgr
ound
Regular
69
68.
3
Non r
e
gular
32
31.
7
E
n
ter
i
ng y
e
ar
2003-
2
007
52
51.
5
2008-
2
011
49
48.
5
Year
s of Graduation
2005-
2
009
38
37.
6
2010-
2
014
63
62.
4
Presen
t e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
Wo
rk
in
g
in
a p
o
s
itio
n
related
to
p
u
b
lic h
ealth
*
7
0
6
9
.
3
W
o
r
k
ing not in the field of pu
blic health*
18
17.
8
Unem
p
l
oy
ed,
but
have pr
eviously
b
een em
ploy
ed,
fur
t
her
study
*
13
12.
9
Education receive
d at PHSP
UAD
Very
m
u
ch
9
8.
9
M
u
ch
53
52.
5
So
m
e
34
33.
7
Little
4
4
Very little
1
1
Em
ploy
m
e
nt potential by
the degr
ee fr
o
m
PHSP U
AD
Very
poor
1
1
Poor
2
2
Fair
39
38.
6
Good
51
50.
5
Very
good
8
7.
9
*
G
rad
u
a
tes
were d
i
stribu
ted in
th
e area
o
f
Su
m
a
tera, Kali
m
a
n
t
an
, Jav
a
, Su
lawesi, Nu
sa
Ten
gga
ra Bar
a
t (NTB
) a
n
d
N
u
sa Te
n
gga
ra
Tim
u
r (
N
TT
).
3.
1.
2.
I
m
p
o
rt
an
t P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e Ana
l
y
s
is
(
I
PA
)
Fig
u
re
2
sho
w
s th
e
resu
lt
o
f
IPA. Th
ree item
s
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cy with th
e l
o
west lev
e
l of i
m
p
o
r
tan
c
e
are: kno
wled
g
e
o
f
a seco
nd
lan
g
u
a
g
e
(7), ab
i
lity to
wo
rk
i
n
an
in
tern
ation
a
l co
n
t
ex
t (2
3),
an
dun
d
e
rstand
i
n
g of
cul
t
u
res a
nd c
u
st
om
s of ot
he
r cou
n
t
r
i
e
s (
2
4
)
. Th
ose t
h
r
ee lowest com
p
etencies are “international” in nature
.
Th
e
ov
erall list of co
m
p
et
encies
in Figure 2 can be
see
n
i
n
Table 2.
IMPO
RT
ANCE
Le
v
e
l
of
Ac
hi
e
v
em
ent
Fi
gu
re
2.
Di
a
g
r
a
m
of
Im
port
a
nt
Pe
rf
orm
a
nce A
n
al
y
s
i
s
(I
PA
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:22
52-
882
2
IJER
E
V
o
l
.
5,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h2
01
6
:
2
2
–
3
1
26
Table
2 . The list of com
p
etencies from
I
m
portant Pe
rform
a
nce
Analysis
(IPA)
Concentration Maintenance
1.
Capacity to le
arn
(10)
2.
Inform
ation
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt skills (11)
3.
Pr
oblem
solving (15)
4.
Ability to wo
rk in
an inte
rdisciplinary tea
m
(20)
5.
Ability to wo
rk autono
m
ously (25)
1.
Basic gener
a
l knowledge in the field of public health (
4
)
2.
Oral and w
r
itten c
o
m
m
unication
in your native languag
e
(6)
3.
Ele
m
enta
ry co
m
p
u
ting skills (8)
4.
Capacity to adapt t
o
new situations (13)
5.
Decision m
a
king
(16)
6.
Tea
m
wo
rk
(1
7
)
7.
Interpersonal skills (18)
8.
Leadership (19)
9.
Ability
to co
m
m
un
icate with non-experts (in the field) (21)
10.
Concer
n for
qualit
y
(
29)
11.
Will to suceed
(30)
Lo
w p
r
io
rit
y
Ex
cess ef
f
o
rt
1.
Capacity
for
analysis and sy
nthesis (1)
2.
Planning and tim
e
m
a
nagem
e
nt
(
3
)
3.
Gr
ounding in ba
sic knowledge of
the pr
ofession i
n
practice (5)
4.
Knowledge of a second language (
7
)
5.
Critical and self-c
ritical abilities
(12)
6.
Capacity
for
generating ne
w ideas (c
reativity) (14)
7.
Ability to wo
rk in
an in
ternational context (23)
8.
Under
s
tanding
of
cultur
e
s and cust
o
m
s of other
countr
i
es
(
24)
9.
Pr
oject design and m
a
nagem
e
nt
(
26)
10.
Initiative and entre
p
reneurial spirit
(27)
1.
Capacity
for
applying knowledge in
pr
actice
(
2
)
2.
Research skills (9)
3.
Appr
eciation of di
ver
s
ity
and
m
u
lticultur
a
lis
m
(
22)
4.
E
t
hical co
m
m
it
m
e
nt (
28)
The
fi
ve
hi
g
h
e
s
t
ran
k
i
n
g am
ong
t
h
ose
30
co
m
p
et
enci
es are:
1) ca
paci
t
y
f
o
r a
p
pl
y
i
ng
k
n
o
wl
e
dge
i
n
pract
i
ce, 2
)
ba
si
c general
k
n
o
wl
e
dge i
n
t
h
e
fi
el
d of st
u
d
y
,
3) capaci
t
y
fo
r anal
y
s
i
s
and
sy
nt
hesi
s, 4
)
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
so
lv
i
n
g, an
d 5) cap
acity fo
r gen
e
rating
n
e
w
id
eas (creativ
ity).
3.
2.
Qualitati
v
e re
search results
3.
2.
1.
Charac
teristic
s of the qua
litati
v
e rese
a
rch respondents
Tot
a
l
res
p
on
de
nt
s we
re
1
0
pe
opl
e a
g
e
d
38
-
6
5 y
ears
.
Ei
ght
resp
o
nde
nt
s a
r
e m
a
l
e
and t
w
o
are
fem
a
l
e
.
Resp
ond
en
ts ca
m
e
fro
m
v
a
rio
u
s
institu
tio
ns fit to
th
e
in
clu
s
ion
criteria, n
a
m
e
l
y
: Pri
m
ary Health
Cen
t
er,
Health
Office,
Ho
sp
ital, Health
Train
i
ng
Cen
t
ers,
H
ealth
Lab
o
ratory Cen
t
ers,
Com
p
any Hygiene a
nd
Healt
h
Center, Seed
Fodde
r
Devel
o
pment
and Ani
m
al Diagnostic Center.
3.
2.
2.
The impo
rta
n
ce of empl
o
yability
skills for PHSP g
r
a
dua
tes
All e
m
p
l
o
y
ers in
th
is stu
d
y
ag
reed
to
th
e
n
eed
t
o
equ
i
p
PHSP UAD
g
r
ad
u
a
tes
with
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
sk
ills. Respon
den
t
s
were m
o
re fam
i
l
i
ar with
t
h
e term
so
ft skills.
“
G
r
adu
a
t
es sho
u
l
d
ha
ve non-
techn
i
ca
l comp
eten
cies to
help
th
em
a
p
p
l
y tech
n
i
ca
l com
p
eten
cies
ap
pr
op
ri
at
e t
o
t
h
e p
r
of
essi
on
i
n
t
h
e w
o
rl
d
of
w
o
rk
” (
R
espond
en
t 1)
"
Th
e va
l
u
e stated
in
th
e certifica
t
e is n
o
t
en
oug
h
fo
r the wo
rld
o
f
wo
rk. Th
e con
t
ribu
tio
n
o
f
va
lu
e
b
eyond
th
e certifica
t
e is 4
0
%
" (
R
espon
den
t
5
)
3.
2.
3.
Impo
rtant and less impo
rtant employ
abilit
y skills a
c
co
rding
to the emplo
y
e
rs
In
g
e
n
e
ral, emp
l
o
y
ers’ p
e
rcep
tio
n
o
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
and
less i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ill
s are in
lin
e
w
ith
grad
u
a
tes p
e
rcep
tion
.
Tw
en
ty sev
e
n
o
f
co
m
p
eten
ci
es/sk
ills in
th
e Tun
i
ng
qu
estionnaire w
e
re con
s
i
d
ered
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
and
th
ree sk
ills th
at are "in
t
ern
a
tio
n
a
l" in
n
a
tu
re were con
s
i
d
ered
less i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
. Em
p
a
th
y ap
p
e
ars
as an
add
itio
n
a
l co
m
p
eten
cy fro
m
o
n
e
em
p
l
o
y
er. Si
x
t
een
com
p
eten
cies/sk
ills were con
s
isten
tly
m
e
n
tio
ned
b
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
ers as im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills as shown in
Tab
l
e 3.
3.
2.
4.
Achiev
ement o
f
co
mpetencies/skills
fro
m
employ
ers perspectiv
e
Em
p
l
o
y
ers assessed
t
h
e ach
i
ev
em
en
t o
f
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ill
s related to
pub
lic h
ealth know
ledg
e an
d
its ap
p
licatio
n
were alread
y hig
h
,
m
ean
wh
il
e th
e ach
iev
e
men
t
o
f
sev
e
ral im
p
o
r
tan
t
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills
wh
ich
are nee
d
e
d
in
the wo
rk place
in the 21
st
cen
t
ury su
ch
as: cap
acity fo
r analysis an
d
syn
t
h
e
sis, in
itiative an
d
en
trep
ren
e
urial sp
irit, cr
itical an
d
sel
f-critical ab
ilities,
cap
acity
for gen
e
rating
n
e
w id
eas (creativ
ity),
lead
ersh
ip
, and p
l
ann
i
ng
and
man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
were still lo
w.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Fo
rmu
l
a
tin
g Emp
l
o
y
ab
ility Skills fo
r Grad
ua
tes
o
f
Pub
lic
Hea
lth S
t
u
d
y
Pro
g
ram (Nu
r
u
l
Qoma
riyah
)
27
Tabl
e 3. Im
por
t
a
nt
com
p
et
enc
i
es
co
nsi
s
t
e
nt
l
y
m
e
nt
i
oned by
em
pl
oy
ers
1.
Capacity
for
analysis and sy
nthesis
2.
Capacity
for
applying knowledge
3.
Basic gener
a
l kn
owledge in t
h
e fi
eld of
pu
blic
health
4.
Oral and written co
mm
uni
cation in your native
language
5.
Capacity to le
arn
6.
Critical and self-c
ritical abilities
7.
Capacity for generating new ideas (c
reativity)
8.
Pr
oblem
solving
9.
Tea
m
wo
rk
10.
Interpersonal skills
11.
Leadership
12.
Ability to wo
rk in
an
interdisciplinary tea
m
13.
Ability
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate with non-e
xperts (in
the f
i
eld)
14.
Appr
eciation of di
ver
s
ity
and
m
u
lticultur
a
lis
m
15.
Pr
oject design and m
a
nagem
e
nt
16.
Initiative and entre
p
reneurial spirit
High ac
hievem
ent:
"
I t
h
i
n
k, i
n
gen
e
ral
,
t
h
e k
now
l
e
dge
i
s
go
o
d
e
n
o
u
g
h
"
(R
es
p
o
nde
nt
7)
Low ac
hievement:
"
Man
y
of
t
h
e
resul
t
s
of
t
h
e
mo
ni
t
o
ri
ng
ar
e st
op
pe
d at
t
h
e d
a
t
a
. N
o
t
a
nal
yze
d
,
n
o
t
p
r
ocesse
d i
n
t
o
go
o
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
..
.
pas
si
ve,
w
a
i
t
i
ng f
o
r
or
d
e
rs f
r
o
m
t
h
e
bo
ss
" (
R
esp
ond
en
t 4)
“
Two
ways of
dialogue, not only prese
n
tation,
but
how to attract pe
ople
... how to e
duc
ate he
althy
peo
p
l
e
" (
R
espo
nd
en
t
3)
3.
2.
5.
Emplo
y
e
rs’
sug
g
e
stion
to dev
e
lo
p empl
o
yability
skills
Seve
ral actions can
be
done
to de
velop em
ploy
ability skills of PHSP
UAD
graduates according
t
o
e
m
p
l
o
y
ers,
n
a
mely
: 1
)
in
crease th
e po
rti
o
n
o
f
practi
ce, 2
)
i
n
tro
d
u
c
e
m
u
lticu
ltu
ralism in
Ind
o
n
e
sia, 3
)
out
bond, 4) strengt
heni
ng the
m
a
nagerial concept,
5)
de
tailed syllabus for each topic,
6) inviting
gue
st lecture
fro
m
p
r
actitio
ner
with
acad
e
mic v
i
sion
,
7
)
est
a
b
lish
sk
ills lab
o
ratory, an
d 8) ex
p
a
nd
th
e n
e
twork
i
n
g
.
An
alysis o
f
quan
titativ
e
an
d q
u
a
litativ
e
d
a
t
a
sho
w
ed
t
h
at PHSP
UAD g
r
ad
u
a
tes
can
wo
rk
in
v
a
riou
s
w
o
r
k
settin
g
:
in
th
e f
i
eld of
pu
b
lic
h
ealth
and
also
in o
t
h
e
r
secto
r
s.
G
r
ad
uates and
em
p
l
o
y
er
s of
PH
SP
UAD
b
r
o
a
d
l
y o
u
tline an
agreem
en
t o
n
th
e im
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
less i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills
n
eed
ed
in
th
e work
place and its ac
hievem
ent.
In
bro
a
d
ou
tlin
e 27
sk
ills in
the Tun
i
ng
q
u
e
stio
nn
aire
were
co
nsid
ered
imp
o
rtan
t and
three sk
ills th
at
are "in
t
ern
a
tion
a
l" in
n
a
tu
re
were con
s
i
d
ered
less i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
. Similar resu
lt was also
su
ppo
rted
b
y
Tun
i
ng
researc
h
i
n
2
0
0
6
[
13]
.
The
i
m
port
a
nce
of
t
h
ree "i
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal" c
o
m
p
etencies s
u
ppos
e
d to increa
se
in the
fut
u
re in line with globalization in
the healt
h
sector that inevitably has
to be faced
by PHSP
gra
duates
and t
o
pr
om
ot
e t
h
e ac
hi
evem
ent
of
P
H
SP
U
A
D
vi
si
on
an
d m
i
ssi
on
.
Furt
herm
ore,
b
y
cond
uct
i
n
g i
n
-
d
e
p
t
h
anal
y
s
i
s
of t
h
e res
u
l
t
s
from
t
h
e t
w
o m
e
t
hods
, i
t
was sho
w
n t
h
at
th
ere was d
i
fferen
ce em
p
h
a
sis o
n
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills th
at are co
nsid
ered
im
p
o
r
tan
t
fro
m
g
r
adu
a
tes an
d
e
m
p
l
o
y
ers p
e
rsp
ectiv
e.
Grad
u
a
tes
g
a
v
e
m
o
re e
m
p
h
a
sis o
n
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills such
as pu
b
lic
h
ealth
k
nowledg
e an
d its ap
p
licatio
n wh
ereas em
p
l
o
y
ers
g
a
v
e
m
o
re em
p
h
a
sis on cog
n
itiv
e, affectiv
e, and
leadersh
i
p
co
m
p
eten
cies. Th
e sam
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
on
also
si
m
ilar
o
n
th
e r
e
sear
ch
cond
ucted
b
y
Saunder
s
&Hu
zel in
2
010
[14].T
his phe
n
om
enon ca
n
be explai
ne
d
by
Dreyfus m
o
del (1986) in th
e skills de
velopm
ent proce
s
s
[23].
Dreyfu
s
d
i
v
i
ded
sk
ills acquisitio
n
in
to
7 stag
es, star
tin
g
fro
m
:
b
e
g
i
n
n
e
r lev
e
l (en
t
ry lev
e
l), cap
a
b
l
e,
com
p
et
ent
,
p
r
o
f
i
c
i
e
nt
, e
xpe
rt
,
ad
vance
d
e
x
p
e
rt
, a
nd l
u
m
i
nary
.M
aj
ori
t
y
o
f
P
H
SP
g
r
ad
ua
t
e
s as res
p
on
d
e
nt
s i
n
th
is stu
d
y
ag
ed
less th
an
3
0
years. Th
ey were at th
e
entry lev
e
l stag
e. At th
is
s
t
ag
e,
th
e
y
s
how
se
v
e
r
a
l
ch
aracteristics su
ch
as: work
with
ru
les, regu
latio
n
s
,
and need speci
fic guidelines
; th
e
u
n
d
e
rstand
ing
s
ab
ou
t
th
e who
l
e organ
i
zatio
n
are still lack
in
g
;
the resp
on
si
b
ilit
y is li
m
i
ted
;
an
d th
e m
a
j
o
rity o
f
its
d
ecisi
o
n
s
are
ro
ut
i
n
e i
n
nat
u
re
. M
ean
w
h
i
l
e
, em
pl
oy
ers
as res
p
on
de
nt
s in
t
h
is stud
y
w
e
r
e
on
cap
a
b
l
e stag
e and
ab
ov
e.
Peop
le in
th
ese stag
es will sh
o
w
sev
e
ral ch
aracteristics su
ch
as: lifelo
n
g
learn
e
r, m
o
re ad
v
a
n
c
ed
in
th
e
area o
f
co
gn
itiv
e and
affectiv
e co
m
p
eten
cies, m
o
re in
tu
itiv
e,
m
o
re so
ug
h
t
as a men
t
o
r
, an
d
mo
re recog
n
i
zed as a
leader.
Fo
rm
u
l
atio
n
of e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills fo
r gradu
a
tes o
f
PHSP UAD was arrang
ed
based
on
: 1
6
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills th
at are co
n
s
isten
tly co
nsid
ered
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
y
em
p
l
o
y
ers, IPA and
fi
v
e
h
i
g
h
e
st rank
ing
of
com
p
etencies/skills acco
rding to PHSP gra
duates. Seve
ra
l guidelin
e
s
were also
used, nam
e
l
y
: Indonesian
standa
rds com
p
etencies
of
public health sc
holars
(
st
a
n
d
a
rk
om
pet
e
n
s
i
s
arj
a
nake
s
eh
at
a
n
m
asy
a
rak
a
t
); f
o
ur c
o
re
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility
sk
ills o
f
ILO; fou
r
p
illars o
f
ed
u
cation
o
f
UNESC
O
; an
d
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y s
k
ills o
f
pub
lic h
ealt
h
gra
d
uates accordi
ng to the
Association
Sc
hool of Public Health (ASPH) [4
],[10],[17],[24].T
hirteen i
t
e
m
s of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:22
52-
882
2
IJER
E
V
o
l
.
5,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h2
01
6
:
2
2
–
3
1
28
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills form
u
l
ate
d
as co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills
th
at are co
nsid
ered
m
o
st i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
fo
r gradu
a
tes of
PHSP UAD.
Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
sk
ills fo
rm
u
l
atio
n
can
b
e
seen
in
Figu
re 3. Th
e fig
u
re illu
strates th
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility
sk
ills requ
ired b
y
PHSP
UAD grad
u
a
tes
based
o
n
t
h
e i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce: from
th
e
m
o
st i
m
p
o
rtan
t
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills in
th
e b
a
selin
e to
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills th
at are con
s
idered less im
p
o
r
tan
t
at th
e top
.
“
I
n
t
er
n
asio
n
al
”
co
m
p
et
en
cies
T
h
e o
t
h
e
r
co
m
p
et
en
ci
es
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
i
n
st
ru
m
e
n
t
,
i
n
t
e
rp
erso
n
a
l,
an
d
syst
em
ic
co
m
p
et
en
cies +
em
p
a
t
h
y
Cap
acit
y
f
o
r
an
alysi
s
an
d
syn
t
h
esi
s
K
n
owl
e
dge
a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
B
asi
c
g
e
n
e
ral
kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e i
n
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
h
ealt
h
Commu
nic
a
t
i
o
n
L
earn
i
n
g
t
o
l
ear
n
Cr
i
t
i
c
al
an
d
self
-
cr
i
t
ical
ab
il
it
i
e
s
Creat
iv
i
t
y
P
r
o
b
l
em
so
l
v
in
g
T
eam
w
o
r
k
L
ead
ersh
i
p
A
p
p
r
eci
at
io
n
o
f
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y an
d
m
u
l
t
icu
l
t
u
rali
s
m
P
r
o
j
ect
d
esi
g
n
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
i
t
iat
i
v
e
an
d
en
t
r
ep
ren
e
u
r
i
a
l
sp
irit
Fig
u
re
3
.
Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills n
e
ed
ed fo
r PHSP
g
r
ad
uates based
on
th
e imp
o
rtan
ce
Basic g
e
n
e
r
a
l
k
now
ledg
e in
t
h
e f
i
eld of
p
ublic h
ealth
, capacity fo
r ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
kn
owledg
e in
practice,
capaci
t
y
of a
n
al
y
s
i
s
and sy
n
t
hesi
s, com
m
uni
cat
i
on,
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
sol
v
i
n
g, c
a
paci
t
y
fo
r ge
nerat
i
n
g
new
i
d
eas
(creativ
ity), in
i
tiativ
e an
d
en
t
r
epren
e
urial spirit, learn
i
ng
to
learn, critical an
d
ab
le to
criticize th
e
m
s
e
lv
es,
pr
o
j
ect
desi
g
n
and m
a
nagem
e
nt
al
l
pl
ay
an i
m
port
a
nt
rol
e
i
n
t
h
e m
a
st
ery
pr
ocess
of
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e an
d s
k
i
l
l
s
[16]
.
Com
p
etencies/skills in this group
a
r
e rela
ted with learning to
know
and learning t
o
do according to
UNE
SC
O
.
B
o
t
h
ha
ve a br
oa
d sense
,
i
t
i
s
not
o
n
l
y
gai
n
det
a
i
l
e
d kn
o
w
l
e
dge a
nd
bei
n
g abl
e
t
o
per
f
o
rm
a
technical competencies em
phasized in
th
e
co
nv
en
tio
n
a
l cu
rricu
l
u
m
, b
u
t
learn
i
ng
to
m
a
ster th
e in
strumen
t
to
get
k
n
o
wl
e
dge
and
bei
n
g
abl
e
t
o
ap
ply these
com
p
etencies in the
real
a
n
d c
o
m
p
l
e
x com
m
uni
t
y
[
1
6]
,[
17]
.
Lead
ersh
i
p
, tea
m
wo
rk
, app
r
eciatio
n
of
d
i
v
e
rsity an
d m
u
lti
cu
ltu
ralism
are related
t
o
learn
i
ng
to liv
e
togethe
r
and learni
ng to
be accordin
g to
UNESCO. Lea
r
ni
n to live togeth
e
r
in an intelligent and peaceful
way
;
and l
earn
i
ng t
o
be as l
earni
ng t
o
be a h
u
m
a
n who
ha
s k
nowledg
e, sk
i
lls, an
d
v
a
lu
es th
at is co
n
d
u
c
i
v
e t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p h
i
s p
e
rso
n
ality in
aspects o
f
in
tellectu
a
l, m
o
ral, cu
ltu
ral, and
ph
ysic [1
7
]
.
Em
pathy appears as an additional com
p
etency fro
m
e
m
ployers. The
definition of em
pathy accordi
ng
t
o
G
r
eat
Di
ct
i
onary
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
si
an Lan
gua
g
e
i
s
abl
e
t
o
un
de
rst
a
n
d
w
h
at
i
s
t
hou
g
h
t
and fel
t
by
ot
hers
.
Gra
d
uat
e
s w
h
o
ha
ve em
pat
h
y
are e
xpect
e
d
t
o
w
o
r
k
wi
t
h
a
g
o
o
d
m
a
nne
r [
2
5]
.
Resp
ond
en
ts
of qu
alitativ
e research were l
i
m
i
ted
b
y
th
e
in
clu
s
ion
criteria. Based
on
th
at reaso
n
,
e
m
p
l
o
y
ers’ assessm
en
t o
n
th
e ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y sk
ills d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t o
f
PHSP
UAD grad
u
a
tes
co
u
l
d
no
t represen
t th
e
o
v
e
rall assess
m
e
n
t
. Qu
an
titativ
e d
a
ta fro
m
PHSP grad
u
a
tes
can
represen
t
a b
e
tter
figu
re
of th
e co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
.
IPA sh
ow
ed
that 15
item
s
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills are lo
cated
in high ac
hieve
m
ent areas, a
nd
15 ot
her ite
m
s
are
located in low ac
hievem
en
t areas. These
res
u
lt also
su
ppo
rted
b
y
em
p
l
o
y
ers’ p
e
rcep
tio
n on
t
h
e ach
i
ev
em
en
t o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills of PHSP
g
r
adu
a
tes.
Assessm
en
t o
f
ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
sh
owed
slig
h
t
differen
ces
o
n
l
ead
ersh
ip
co
mp
eten
cies/sk
ills. Gradu
a
tes
assessed
leade
r
shi
p
with high
ac
hi
ev
em
en
t, wh
ile em
p
l
o
y
ers assessed
it with
low ach
iev
e
m
e
n
t
. Di
fferen
t
p
e
rcep
tion
b
e
t
w
een
g
r
adu
a
tes an
d
em
p
l
o
y
ers on
lead
ersh
ip
sk
ills cou
l
d
ex
p
l
ain
t
h
is d
i
fferen
c
e. Gradu
a
tes
d
e
fi
n
e
d lead
ersh
ip
i
n
acco
r
dan
ce
with
th
e d
e
fin
itio
n
of
lead
ersh
ip
contain
e
d
in th
e
q
u
e
stio
nn
aire,
wh
ile
em
pl
oy
ers asse
ssed l
e
a
d
ers
h
i
p
by
gra
d
uat
e
s o
f
P
H
SP
U
A
D
wh
o
occ
upy
a
l
eaders
h
i
p
p
o
si
t
i
on.
Sev
e
ral facto
r
s co
n
t
ri
b
u
t
ed
to
th
e h
i
gh
ach
ieve
m
e
n
t
o
f
sev
e
ral co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills, n
a
m
e
l
y
: th
e larg
e
p
o
r
tion
of
know
ledg
e aspect (
8
3
.
3
%
)
and
r
e
sear
ch
subj
ect (
9
%)
in
th
e cur
r
i
cu
l
u
m
,
co
mp
u
t
er
pr
actice, h
ealt
h
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
p
r
actice, fiel
d
p
r
actice learn
i
ng
1
and
2
,
co
mm
u
n
ity
serv
ice work
; ex
t
r
acurricu
lar activ
ities;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Fo
rmu
l
a
tin
g Emp
l
o
y
ab
ility Skills fo
r Grad
ua
tes
o
f
Pub
lic
Hea
lth S
t
u
d
y
Pro
g
ram (Nu
r
u
l
Qoma
riyah
)
29
so
ft sk
ills d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t p
r
o
g
ra
m
in
th
e lev
e
l
o
f
un
iv
ers
ity; a d
i
v
e
rse
o
r
i
g
in
of PHSP
UAD stud
en
ts from
a
l
l
ove
r t
h
e
Indonesian archi
p
elago, inde
p
e
nd
en
t liv
ing
i
n
Yo
g
y
ak
arta;
Isl
a
m
i
c su
bj
ect i
n
th
e cu
rricu
l
um
an
d
Islamic environm
ent at UAD.
In
add
itio
n
t
o
th
e sk
ills with
h
i
gh
ach
i
ev
emen
t, atten
tion
sh
ou
ld b
e
g
i
v
e
n to
th
e
o
t
h
e
r
15
sk
ills with
lo
w ach
i
evem
e
n
ts. M
o
st
o
f
t
h
ese sk
ills are co
m
p
eten
cies
/sk
ills th
at are need
ed to b
e
come lifelo
n
g
learn
e
rs
an
d ab
le t
o
wo
rk
in an in
terd
iscip
lin
ary tea
m
(requ
ired
c
o
m
p
etencies for
public
h
ealth
p
r
o
f
ession
als in
the
21
st
ce
ntury).
PHSP
UAD
graduates will be
accepted a
n
d
su
ccess in
vari
ous fields
of science and
workplace
if th
ey
h
a
v
e
g
e
n
e
ric co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills [3
],[1
6
]
,[26
].
R
e
vi
ew
of
PH
SP U
A
D
cu
rri
cul
u
m
i
ndi
cated that the c
u
rri
culum
used is
base
d on the
aim to
m
a
ster
th
e con
t
en
t
o
f
scien
ce and
it
s app
licatio
n
s
(
c
on
ten
t
b
a
sed)
as em
p
h
a
sized
in
t
h
e conven
tio
n
a
l cu
rr
icu
l
u
m
.
Co
m
p
lex
h
ealth
p
r
ob
lem
s
req
u
i
re non
tech
n
i
cal co
m
p
eten
cies/sk
ills su
ch
as p
r
o
b
l
em
so
lv
in
g
,
lead
ersh
ip, an
d
ab
ility to
work
in
an
i
n
terd
i
s
cip
lin
ary team
. In
20
08
, Gen
e
ral
Di
recto
r
ate o
f
High
er
Ed
u
cation
(DIKTI)
stated that the conve
n
tional
curric
u
lu
m
is
n
o
long
er app
r
op
riate for th
e era
of gl
obalization and rapi
d
devel
opm
ent
o
f
sci
e
nce a
n
d
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
.
An
ot
he
r o
p
i
n
i
on s
t
at
ed t
h
at
cur
r
i
c
ul
um
wi
t
h
t
o
o m
u
ch t
h
eo
ry
l
o
ads
will g
i
v
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
im
p
act to
th
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
ent o
f
gradu
a
tes em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y sk
ills [4
],[27
]
.
Th
e con
c
ep
t o
f
"lib
eral/g
en
eral ed
u
cation
"
in
itiated
b
y
UNESCO sin
c
e 1
9
9
6
can
be u
s
ed
as a
g
u
i
d
e
lin
es.
This co
n
c
ep
t is
an
in
terd
iscip
l
in
ary curri
c
u
lum
that focus
e
s on crea
tiv
i
t
y, critical th
i
n
k
i
ng,
cu
ltu
ral awaren
ess, pro
b
l
em
so
lv
i
n
g, an
d co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
sk
ills. Th
is cu
rricu
l
u
m
o
f
fers m
o
re
p
r
og
ra
m
s
to
train
pro
f
essi
on
al sk
ills u
s
i
n
g
real
p
r
ob
lems in
th
e
field
,
b
r
o
a
d
e
r coo
p
e
ratio
n
with
relev
a
n
t
d
e
p
a
rtmen
t
s to
train
in
ter
profession
al co
llab
o
ration
,
an
d
redu
ce th
e
am
ou
nt
of
basi
c
sci
e
nce co
nt
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e c
u
r
r
i
c
ul
um
.
Inte
gration of e
m
ployability skills in
to core academ
ic
a
c
tivities is
bette
r than only providing a "skills
curriculum
" separately. Resul
t
s from
qualitative m
e
thods
s
u
pporte
d
these
concepts
. Em
ployers
propos
e
d to
in
crease professio
n
a
l p
r
actice for
sk
ills
train
i
n
g
to
pr
ep
are t
h
e
g
r
adu
a
tes to wo
rk
[1
],[3
],[1
0
]
,[16
],[26
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
nce s
a
m
p
l
i
ng m
e
t
hod use
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
has t
h
e
p
o
t
e
nt
i
a
l
t
o
pr
o
v
i
d
e bi
as sel
e
c
t
i
on an
d can
affect th
e study resu
lts
[22
]
.
Research
ers
h
a
v
e
tried
to
m
i
n
i
m
i
ze th
is p
o
s
sib
ility b
y
u
s
ing
a m
i
n
i
m
a
l sa
m
p
le
size as recom
m
ended. Random
sa
m
p
le
me
thod for
furthe
r
resea
r
ch ca
n
be d
o
n
e so t
h
at
al
l
grad
uat
e
s
have t
h
e
sam
e
opp
ort
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
becom
e
r
e
search
res
p
on
dent
s
.
4.
CO
NCL
USS
I
ON
Em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
sk
ills for gradu
a
tes of PHSP UAD h
a
d
b
e
en
fo
rm
u
l
ated
. PHSP UAD cu
rricu
l
u
m
is
not yet support
the de
velopment of se
veral i
m
portant
em
pl
oyability skills nee
d
ed i
n
the
workplace in the 21
st
century.
RECO
M
M
E
N
D
A
TIO
N
Cu
rricu
l
u
m
rev
i
sion
is recommen
d
e
d
to
i
n
tegrat
e em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility sk
ills
i
n
to
co
re acad
e
mic act
iv
ities
to
pro
m
o
t
e th
e d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t of em
p
l
o
y
ab
ility
sk
ills n
e
ed
ed
i
n
th
e work p
l
ace in
th
e 21
st
cen
t
ur
y.
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Nurul Qomariy
a
h, MD, MMedEd
Nurul is
a lectur
er at F
acu
lt
y of
P
ublic Heal
th,
Universit
y
of Ahm
a
d
Dahlan, Yog
y
ak
art
a
. S
h
e
graduated from Faculty
of Medicin
e
, University
of Gadjah
Mada in 2001 and finished her
Master’s degree at Depar
t
emen
t of Medical Education in th
e same university
in 2015
. Her
res
earch
in
teres
t
s
are
M
e
dic
a
l
Ed
ucat
ion and
P
ubl
ic He
alth
.
Titi
Savi
tri Prih
a
tiningsih,
MD,
MA, MMedEd,
PhD
Titi Savi
tri is a l
ectur
er at Facu
lt
y of Medic
i
ne,
Universit
y
of Ga
djah Mada. She
graduat
e
d from
Faculty
of Med
i
cin
e
, University
of Gadjah Mada
in 1993
, Master’s degree at University
of
Dundee, United
Kingdom in
2
000, and Docto
r
al
degree at University
of Dundee, United
Kingdom in 200
3. Her
research
interests
ar
e Med
i
cal Edu
c
ation
and Public Health
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ERE I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
2
2
Fo
rmu
l
a
tin
g Emp
l
o
y
ab
ility Skills fo
r Grad
ua
tes
o
f
Pub
lic
Hea
lth S
t
u
d
y
Pro
g
ram (Nu
r
u
l
Qoma
riyah
)
31
Tridjoko
Hadian
to, MD
,
DTMH, MKe
s
Tridjoko is a
lectur
er at Facu
lty
of Medicin
e
, University
o
f
Gadjah Mada. He took his
undergraduate
at Faculty
of M
e
dicine, Univ
er
sity
of Gad
j
ah
Mada in 1976, and Mahidol
University
Thailand in 1988. He t
ook his Master’s degree at Facult
y
of Medicin
e
, University
of
Gadjah Mad
a
in
1992. His r
e
sear
ch in
terest
s
are P
a
rasito
log
y
and
Medical edu
c
ation.
Mora
Cla
r
a
m
ita, MD,
MHPE,
PhD
Mora
is
a lecturer at Faculty of Medicin
e
,
Univ
ersity
of
Gadjah Mad
a
.
She took h
e
r
undergraduate
at Faculty
of Med
i
cin
e
, University
of Gadjah Mad
a
in 1993, Master’s degree
at
Health Professions Education
,
Maastrich Univ
ersity
, Netherland in 2002, an
d completed h
e
r
Doctoral d
e
gree in the same dep
a
rtmentat Maastr
ich University
in
2012. She is now the Head of
the Master’s Stu
d
y
Progr
am in
Medical Edu
c
ation,
F
acu
lt
y o
f
M
e
dicin
e
, Un
iv
ers
i
t
y
of
Gadj
a
h
M
a
da. H
e
r r
e
s
e
a
r
ch in
ter
e
s
t
ar
e
M
e
dica
l Edu
c
a
t
i
on, F
a
m
i
l
y
M
e
di
cine
and
P
ublic
Health
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.