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[
2
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AI
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,
6
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I
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PTKA
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wh
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ial,
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Fin
d
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
in
g
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
in
g
to
d
o
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
clar
ity
o
f
o
b
jectiv
es
wi
ll
af
f
ec
t
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
Ob
jectiv
es
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
as
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
f
ex
p
er
ts
ar
e
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
lin
g
u
is
tic
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
al
-
kifa
y
a
h
al
-
lu
g
h
a
w
iyya
h
)
,
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tiv
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
al
-
kifa
ya
h
a
l
-
itti
s
h
a
liyya
h
)
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
al
-
kifa
ya
h
a
l
-
ts
a
q
a
fiyya
h
)
[
9
]
.
L
in
g
u
is
tic
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
al
-
kifa
y
a
h
a
l
-
lu
g
h
a
w
iyya
h
)
in
clu
d
es
f
o
u
r
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
k
ills
n
am
ely
th
e
h
ea
r
in
g
s
k
ills
(
ma
h
a
r
a
h
a
l
-
is
tima
'
)
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
k
ills
(
al
-
ma
h
a
r
a
h
a
l
-
k
a
la
m
)
,
r
ea
d
in
g
s
k
ills
(
al
-
ma
h
a
r
a
h
a
l
-
q
ir
o
'a
h
)
an
d
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
(
al
-
ma
h
a
r
a
h
a
l
-
k
ita
b
a
h
)
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
in
ter
ac
t
with
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
(
Ar
ab
s
)
,
o
r
at
least,
in
ter
ac
t
with
Ar
ab
ic
-
lan
g
u
ag
e
wo
r
k
s
th
at
ar
e
ce
r
tain
ly
in
ac
co
r
d
an
c
e
with
Ar
ab
ic
cu
ltu
r
e,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
a
u
n
iv
er
s
al
cu
ltu
r
e
th
at
d
o
es n
o
t c
o
n
f
lict
with
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les o
f
teac
h
in
g
I
s
lam
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
o
b
jectiv
es
ab
o
v
e
a
r
e
ce
r
tain
ly
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ap
p
ly
to
Ar
ab
ic
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
wh
ich
is
o
n
ly
o
n
e
co
u
r
s
e
f
r
o
m
d
o
ze
n
s
o
f
o
th
er
c
o
u
r
s
es.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
an
in
-
d
ep
th
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
to
b
e
ac
h
i
ev
ed
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
I
n
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
,
at
least
tak
e
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ta
r
g
et
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
eo
p
le
f
o
r
Ar
ab
ic,
p
ay
atten
tio
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
el
ated
to
th
eir
in
ter
ests
,
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
s
,
an
d
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
Ar
ab
ic,
as
well
as
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
lev
el
o
f
m
aster
y
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
I
n
d
o
n
esian
an
d
Ar
ab
ic
in
clu
d
in
g
s
im
ilar
ities
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
la
n
g
u
ag
es.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
asp
ec
t
wh
o
s
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
at
PTM
A
is
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
u
n
clea
r
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
Ar
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
as
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
PTM
A
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
th
at
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
wh
er
e
th
e
lectu
r
er
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
clea
r
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
in
ch
o
o
s
in
g
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
co
n
te
n
t o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
as o
u
tlin
ed
in
t
h
e
s
em
ester
lear
n
in
g
p
la
n
(
R
PS
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
la
n
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
in
g
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
tim
e,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
an
d
m
ed
ia
th
at
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
lectu
r
er
s
in
lear
n
in
g
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
ese
asp
ec
ts
ca
n
m
ak
e
lear
n
in
g
r
u
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
r
elate
d
to
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
at
PTM
A
also
d
o
es
n
o
t
y
et
h
a
v
e
a
clar
ity
ab
o
u
t
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
il
ls
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
[
1
1
]
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
an
ev
alu
ati
o
n
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
at
PTM
A
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
Sig
in
f
ican
ce
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
r
ec
en
t
d
ata
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Mu
h
am
m
ad
i
y
ah
U
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
was
1
7
4
,
wh
er
e
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
(
AIK
)
co
u
s
e
in
all
PTM
A
ar
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
p
ir
its
s
o
th
at
all
elem
en
ts
i
n
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
s
tr
en
g
th
en
AIK
.
Ar
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
as
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
is
s
e
en
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
a
s
p
ec
ts
in
s
tr
en
g
th
en
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
I
K
,
s
o
to
r
ea
lize
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
c
o
m
p
lex
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
lear
n
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
c
an
b
e
a
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
1
7
4
PTM
A
an
d
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
Hea
d
q
u
ar
ter
in
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
AIK
in
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
m
an
ag
ed
.
I
n
ac
c
o
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
a
b
o
v
e
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
o
b
jectiv
es
n
am
ely
:
1
)
Fin
d
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
Ar
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
AIK
at
PTM
A
;
2
)
Fin
d
in
g
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
m
at
er
ial
in
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
AIK
at
PTM
AI
;
3
)
Fin
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
i
n
g
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
in
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
AIK
at
PTM
A
;
4
)
Fin
d
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
A
I
K
at
PTM
A
.
Natio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
b
en
ef
icial
to
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
M
u
h
am
m
ad
i
y
ah
'
s
ce
n
tr
al
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
in
s
ettin
g
th
e
p
o
licy
f
o
r
all
PTM
A,
wh
ile
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
in
m
ak
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
Ar
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
th
a
t is n
o
t f
ix
ed
in
g
r
am
m
aticiu
m
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
r
a
b
ic
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
s
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
A
l
-
I
s
la
m
s
tu
d
ies
…
(
Ma
h
yu
d
in
R
ito
n
g
a
)
357
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ec
au
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
ata
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
r
ea
lity
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
s
en
ten
ce
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
c
r
itical
r
ea
lis
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
is
a
s
tu
d
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
ak
e
a
cr
iticis
m
o
f
r
ea
lity
b
ased
o
n
s
cien
tific
th
eo
r
ies b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
e
p
is
tem
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
o
n
to
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lectu
r
e
r
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
h
en
o
m
en
a,
an
d
liter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
;
t
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
ar
e
1
4
co
u
p
led
with
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
b
y
u
s
in
g
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
in
ter
v
iew,
an
d
d
o
c
u
m
en
tatio
n
s
tu
d
y
as
well
as
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ea
lity
cr
itiq
u
e
c
o
n
c
ep
t
[1
2
]
Data
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
cr
itical
r
ea
lis
m
r
elate
d
to
A
r
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
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ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
in
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
u
ch
as
at
PTM
A
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
en
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
m
aster
in
g
Ar
ab
ic
g
r
am
m
ar
b
u
t
h
av
e
th
e
s
k
ills
to
u
s
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
th
e
Ar
ab
s
,
at
a
m
in
im
u
m
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
wit
h
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
liter
ar
y
wo
r
k
s
.
Sk
ills
in
clu
d
e
lis
ten
in
g
(
al
-
is
tima
'
)
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
(
al
-
ka
la
m
)
,
r
ea
d
in
g
(
al
-
q
ir
o
'a
h
)
,
an
d
wr
itin
g
(
al
-
kita
b
a
h
)
[
1
4
]
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
r
th
er
e
is
an
em
p
h
asis
o
n
o
n
e
s
k
ill
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
tim
e
av
ailab
le
an
d
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
co
m
p
eten
ce
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
SKL)
,
a
tex
tb
o
o
k
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
team
o
r
b
y
o
th
er
p
ar
ties
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
s
tu
d
ied
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
was
n
o
t
as
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
is
r
ea
lity
s
h
o
wed
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
h
ad
n
o
t
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
u
n
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lt
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
an
y
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
lear
n
in
g
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
o
b
jectiv
es
(
al
-
ahdaf
)
,
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
(
al
-
mu
h
ta
w
i
)
,
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
(
al
-
th
u
r
u
q
w
a
a
s
a
lib
a
l
-
ta
d
r
is
)
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
(
at
-
ta
q
w
im
)
.
L
ik
ewise
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
an
f
ac
to
r
,
n
am
ely
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
f
ac
to
r
s
(
alm
u
d
ar
r
is
wa
al
-
th
u
llab
)
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
in
lin
e
with
v
ar
io
u
s
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
as st
ated
b
y
E
l
-
Om
ar
i
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
d
ea
lin
g
with
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
m
o
s
t
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
ies
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
s
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
as
t
h
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
'
tu
r
n
'
to
f
in
d
a
'
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
'
o
r
'
s
h
o
r
t
cu
t'
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
'
r
ep
lacin
g
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
'
wh
ich
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
with
o
th
er
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
wh
o
s
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
was
n
o
t
y
et
k
n
o
wn
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
lear
n
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
it wa
s
ch
o
s
en
n
o
t th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ef
u
l stu
d
y
o
r
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tag
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
ce
r
tain
ly
n
o
t r
ig
h
t,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
s
tar
t f
r
o
m
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
e
(
al
-
ahdaf
)
,
b
ec
au
s
e
in
lear
n
in
g
as
a
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
(
al
-
mu
h
ta
w
y
)
an
d
ev
e
n
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
b
asis
also
f
o
r
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
r
a
b
ic
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
s
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
A
l
-
I
s
la
m
s
tu
d
ies
…
(
Ma
h
yu
d
in
R
ito
n
g
a
)
359
(
al
-
th
u
r
u
q
)
wh
ich
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
way
to
teac
h
m
ater
ial.
E
v
alu
atio
n
is
also
(
al
-
ta
q
w
im
)
b
ased
o
n
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
as
a
s
tag
e
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
m
ea
n
s
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
wh
ich
is
also
a
s
u
b
-
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
r
s
y
llab
u
s
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es,
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
R
elate
d
to
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
f
A
l
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
at
PTM
A,
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
k
n
o
win
g
th
e
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
,
an
d
v
er
s
es o
f
th
e
Qu
r
'
an
r
elatin
g
to
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
.
T
h
is
is
in
ten
d
ed
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
with
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
ater
ial
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
AIK
.
T
h
is
r
atio
n
ale
is
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
teac
h
in
g
s
u
s
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
[
1
7
]
,
a
Mu
s
lim
will
f
in
d
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
teac
h
in
g
s
o
f
r
elig
io
n
with
o
u
t
h
av
in
g
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
as
a
to
o
l
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
it
[
1
8
,
19]
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
wh
o
will
lear
n
[
2
0
,
21]
,
th
is
is
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
PTM
A
wh
o
n
ee
d
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
Ke
mu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
lear
n
in
g
.
Dete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
ased
o
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
[2
1
]
,
s
tu
d
en
t m
o
tiv
atio
n
[2
2
]
,
h
ab
its
in
th
e
r
ea
l w
o
r
ld
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
[2
3
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
ese
cr
iter
ia
s
ee
m
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as a
b
asis
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
e
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
at
PTM
A.
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
ically
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
a
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
v
ar
io
u
s
life
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
u
ch
as
r
ea
d
in
g
th
e
Qu
r
'
an
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
lectu
r
es,
b
u
t
th
is
h
ab
it
will
n
o
t
h
av
e
m
u
ch
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
s
tu
d
ies
if
it
is
n
o
t
well
-
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
cr
iter
io
n
is
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
ter
v
iews
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
lear
n
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
r
elig
io
u
s
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
b
ec
au
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
I
s
lam
is
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e,
th
is
is
n
o
t
tr
u
e
b
ec
au
s
e
an
y
r
elig
io
n
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
is
n
o
t
af
f
iliated
with
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e,
an
d
th
er
e
is
n
o
r
elig
io
n
th
at
p
r
o
h
ib
its
its
ad
h
er
en
ts
to
lear
n
ce
r
tain
lan
g
u
ag
es.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
v
iews
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
Qu
r
'
an
an
d
th
e
Had
ith
as
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
teac
h
in
g
s
ar
e
in
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e,
I
s
lam
ic
teac
h
in
g
s
b
o
o
k
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
ar
e
also
wr
itten
with
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
es,
s
u
ch
as
th
eo
lo
g
y
,
I
s
la
m
ic
law,
f
iq
h
,
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
also
a
d
esire
to
lear
n
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
esire
to
ex
is
t
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
co
u
n
cils
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
,
th
er
e
ar
e
tar
jih
an
d
tajid
co
u
n
cil
[
1
1
]
,
th
is
co
u
n
cil
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
wh
o
h
av
e
th
e
s
k
ills
in
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
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s
u
ch
as
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d
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n
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th
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g
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a
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th
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is
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s
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en
t
m
o
tiv
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p
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n
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s
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as
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m
in
in
g
Ar
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ic
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ag
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lear
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in
g
o
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jectiv
es
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
f
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
lectu
r
er
s
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
AIK
also
o
b
tain
ed
an
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
th
at
led
to
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
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iya
h
a
n
in
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lik
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is
ten
ce
o
f
s
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jects
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h
am
m
ad
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ah
elem
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tar
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ig
h
s
ch
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d
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io
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ig
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ch
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in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
IS
MUBA
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
(
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s
la
m
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K
emu
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iya
h
a
n
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an
d
Ar
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u
ag
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.
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h
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s
th
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o
f
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ab
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u
ag
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u
n
its
at
AIK
in
s
titu
tio
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s
in
ev
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PTM
A.
3
.
2
.
Ara
bic
la
ng
ua
g
e
lea
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m
a
t
er
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l in st
re
ng
t
henin
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AIK
di P
T
M
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Af
ter
k
n
o
win
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as
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ib
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v
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th
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lear
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m
ater
ial
is
also
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ted
to
th
e
v
alu
es
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f
Al
-
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la
m
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d
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emu
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iya
h
a
n
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th
r
o
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th
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C
o
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n
cil
o
f
Hig
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E
d
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Dev
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h
am
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h
as
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ely
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d
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I
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,
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alu
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co
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if
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h
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p
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cil
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d
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Dev
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o
f
Mu
h
am
m
ad
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ar
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im
p
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tatio
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s
o
Ar
ab
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u
ag
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m
ater
ial
o
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ly
r
eq
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ir
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co
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n
ec
tiv
ity
with
AIK
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
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n
ec
tiv
ity
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
b
etwe
en
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ab
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lan
g
u
ag
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lectu
r
er
s
an
d
AIK
lectu
r
er
s
u
s
es th
e
AIK
g
u
id
e
book
[2
4
]
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
5
2
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8
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I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
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Vo
l
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10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
202
1
:
3
5
5
-
3
6
3
360
T
ab
le
2
.
AIK
to
p
ics th
at
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
lo
a
d
ed
in
Ar
a
b
ic
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
N
o
.
AI
K
l
ea
r
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i
n
g
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
A
r
a
b
i
c
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g
u
a
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r
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g
ma
t
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r
i
a
l
1
I
sl
a
m a
s a
w
a
y
o
f
l
i
f
e
هب
قلع
ت
ي
ا
م
و
م
س
ا
2
H
u
man
n
a
t
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
I
sl
a
mi
c
v
i
e
w
م
س
ا
د
ن
ع
ن
ا
س
ن
ا
3
F
a
i
t
h
a
n
d
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
i
n
l
i
f
e
ةا
ي
ح
لا
ى
ف
هر
ث
أو
ن
ا
م
ي
ا
4
M
o
n
o
t
h
e
i
sm a
n
d
i
t
s
u
r
g
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
M
u
sl
i
m
l
i
f
e
ةا
ي
ح
ي
ف
هت
ي
م
هأو
د
ي
ح
وت
لا
ن
ي
م
لس
م
لا
5
Th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
a
q
i
d
a
h
i
n
I
sl
a
m
م
س
ا
د
ن
ع
ةد
ي
ق
ع
لا
ج
ه
ن
م
6
S
h
i
r
k
a
n
d
i
t
s d
a
n
g
e
r
s fo
r
h
u
man
s
ك
ر
ش
لا
7
P
u
r
p
o
se
o
f
w
o
r
sh
i
p
ا
ه
ت
ق
ي
ق
ح
و
ةد
ا
ب
ع
لا
8
M
o
r
a
l
i
t
y
ق
خ
ا
9
Mu
a
m
a
l
a
h
ةلم
ا
ع
م
لا
10
Th
e
H
i
st
o
r
y
o
f
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
i
y
a
h
ا
ه
خ
ي
ر
ا
ت
و
ةي
د
م
ح
م
11
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
i
y
a
h
ةي
د
م
ح
م
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ئ
ا
ص
خ
12
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
i
y
a
h
a
s a
so
c
i
a
l
mo
v
e
men
t
ةي
ن
ا
س
ن
ا
ةك
ر
ح
و
ةي
د
م
ح
م
13
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
i
y
a
h
a
s a
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
mo
v
e
men
t
ةي
ب
ر
ت
لا
ةك
ر
ح
و
ةي
د
م
ح
م
14
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
I
sl
a
mi
c
v
i
e
w
ن
ا
ص
ت
او
ت
ا
م
ولع
م
لا
و
ت
ا
ي
ج
ولو
ن
ك
ت
لا
م
س
ا
د
ن
ع
م
ولع
لا
و
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
em
es
ab
o
v
e
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
m
ater
ial
o
n
AIK
1
to
AIK
4
co
u
r
s
es.
W
h
ile
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
at
PTM
A
h
as
o
n
ly
o
n
e
co
u
r
s
e,
it
is
u
n
lik
ely
th
at
ev
er
y
th
in
g
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
f
o
u
r
AIK
co
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r
s
es is
co
v
er
ed
in
th
e
Ar
ab
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lan
g
u
ag
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co
u
r
s
e
wh
ich
is
o
n
ly
tau
g
h
t
in
o
n
e
s
em
ester
.
T
h
e
th
em
es
ab
o
v
e
ar
e
th
en
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
with
asp
ec
ts
n
ee
d
ed
in
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
as c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
l
e
3
.
I
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
co
p
e
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
ater
ial
N
o
.
To
p
i
c
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
s
S
c
o
p
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o
f
e
a
c
h
t
o
p
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h
1
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قلع
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o
n
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
13
ةي
ب
ر
ت
لا
ةك
ر
ح
و
ةي
د
م
ح
م
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
14
م
س
ا
د
ن
ع
م
ولع
لا
و
ن
ا
ص
ت
او
ت
ا
م
ولع
م
لا
و
ت
ا
ي
ج
ولو
ن
ك
ت
لا
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
T
ab
le
2
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
14
m
ain
th
em
es
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tau
g
h
t
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
th
em
es
m
u
s
t
in
clu
d
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
lan
g
u
ag
e
n
am
ely
p
h
o
n
etic,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
an
d
g
r
am
m
ar
.
E
x
p
ec
ted
s
tu
d
en
t
s
k
ills
in
clu
d
e
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
k
ills
,
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
s
k
ills
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
FGD,
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
d
o
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
tau
g
h
t.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
to
p
ics
ag
r
ee
d
u
p
o
n
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lectu
r
er
s
at
PTM
A
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
ab
le
to
co
m
p
ile
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
m
ater
ial,
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ater
ial
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
ese
th
em
es,
s
o
as
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
is
th
e
task
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
wh
eth
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
o
r
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
o
s
tr
en
g
th
en
AIK
th
r
o
u
g
h
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
at
PTM
A,
th
e
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
is
a
m
u
s
t
an
d
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
m
aster
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es.
Sy
s
tem
atic
an
d
n
ea
tly
p
r
in
ted
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
ca
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
m
o
r
e
p
er
m
an
en
t
ly
th
an
ju
s
t
s
ep
ar
ate
n
o
tes,
s
o
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
co
m
p
letely
o
u
ts
id
e
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
to
r
em
em
b
er
f
o
r
g
o
tten
m
ater
ial.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
g
o
o
d
tex
tb
o
o
k
ca
n
h
elp
th
e
teac
h
er
s
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
co
n
cr
ete
s
ch
ed
u
les
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
t
h
is
s
tatem
en
t
is
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
o
f
Du
n
lo
s
k
y
,
et
a
l.
th
at
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
m
em
o
r
y
in
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
in
g
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
[2
5
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
s
t
lectu
r
er
s
ar
e
f
ac
ed
with
lim
itatio
n
s
,
b
o
th
tim
e
an
d
wid
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
ad
eq
u
ate
f
ac
ilit
ies,
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
ilit
ies,
to
co
m
p
ile
a
tex
tb
o
o
k
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
ca
u
s
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
b
e
lim
ited
to
b
o
o
k
s
co
m
p
iled
b
y
o
th
er
p
ar
ties
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
it
is
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t th
at
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
AIK
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
p
ar
ties
is
f
u
lly
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
at
PTM
A
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
b
o
o
k
was
co
m
p
iled
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
f
r
o
m
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
[2
6
]
.
Her
e,
lectu
r
er
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
,
ev
alu
ate
an
d
s
elec
t
th
e
b
o
o
k
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
class
r
o
o
m
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
r
a
b
ic
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
s
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
A
l
-
I
s
la
m
s
tu
d
ies
…
(
Ma
h
yu
d
in
R
ito
n
g
a
)
361
ac
tiv
ity
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
p
ay
in
g
atten
tio
n
to
s
ev
er
al
th
in
g
s
:
1
)
T
h
e
f
iv
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
as
d
escr
ib
ed
;
2
)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lear
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
,
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
;
3
)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
allo
ws
atten
tio
n
to
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
(
fu
r
u
q
fa
r
d
iyya
h
)
[
1
1
]
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ater
ial
ch
o
ices
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
s
lo
w
o
r
f
ast
in
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
em
ed
ial
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
3
.
3
.
Ara
bic
la
ng
ua
g
e
lea
rning
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n in str
eng
t
henin
g
AIK
a
t
P
T
M
A
As
g
o
o
d
as
an
y
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
ag
r
ee
d
u
p
o
n
th
en
it
will
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
with
o
u
t
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
q
u
ality
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
th
at
ca
n
th
en
b
e
ap
p
lied
at
PTM
A
b
ased
o
n
a
s
tu
d
y
in
th
e
FGD:
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
lectu
r
er
m
u
s
t h
av
e
a
co
u
r
s
e
u
n
it
(
SAP)
[2
7
,
2
8
]
wh
ich
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
[
2
9
]
an
d
m
ed
ia
[
30
]
,
in
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
le
ctu
r
er
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
ab
le
to
u
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
teac
h
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
m
ed
ia,
in
clu
d
in
g
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
th
at
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
co
n
d
u
civ
e
lear
n
in
g
clim
ate,
ea
ch
lectu
r
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
c
h
o
ices
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
a
s
lo
w
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
o
f
th
e
in
tellectu
al
lev
el
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
PTM
A
is
v
er
y
h
ig
h
,
it
is
n
o
t
u
n
co
m
m
o
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
Ar
ab
ic
alp
h
ab
ets
well.
T
o
cr
ea
te
a
co
n
d
u
civ
e
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
willin
g
n
ess
o
f
lectu
r
er
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
em
ed
ial
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
,
lectu
r
er
s
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
ab
le
to
o
r
g
an
ize
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ac
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
attr
ac
tiv
ely
,
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ly
,
an
d
s
af
ely
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
r
esu
lts
,
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
n
PTM
A
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
lim
ited
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
b
u
t
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ex
tr
ac
u
r
r
icu
lar
ac
tiv
ities
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
ab
ilit
ies
th
at
ar
e
b
elo
w
av
er
ag
e.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
ex
is
t
in
th
e
PTM
A
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
it
is
n
o
t
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
im
p
lem
en
t,
esp
ec
ially
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t u
n
it h
as b
ec
o
m
e
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
AIK
at
PTM
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
3
.
4
.
Ara
bic
la
ng
ua
g
e
lea
rning
ev
a
lua
t
io
n in str
eng
t
henin
g
AIK
a
t
P
T
M
A
Un
til
n
o
w,
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
ev
alu
atio
n
at
PTM
A
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
s
em
ester
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
in
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
at
PTM
A
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
ev
alu
atio
n
s
c
an
n
o
t
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
ly
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
s
em
ester
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
a
p
r
etest
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
atten
d
lectu
r
es,
as
b
ef
its
th
e
AIK
p
r
etest
f
o
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
en
r
o
lled
in
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
an
d
Ais
y
iy
ah
Un
iv
er
s
ities
.
Sk
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
m
u
s
t
also
in
clu
d
e
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
k
ills
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
s
k
ills
[3
1
]
wh
ich
ar
e
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
th
e
m
ater
ial
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
tau
g
h
t.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e
,
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
d
em
an
d
s
co
n
f
o
r
m
ity
with
th
e
o
b
ject
to
b
e
ass
ess
ed
.
Un
til
n
o
w,
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
o
n
ly
lim
ited
to
wr
itten
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
s
o
f
u
tu
r
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ater
ial
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
k
ills
in
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
test
s
in
lear
n
in
g
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
k
n
o
win
g
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
as we
ll a
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
o
n
th
e
teac
h
in
g
s
k
ills
[3
2
]
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
h
as a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
lear
n
in
g
,
th
is
s
tatem
en
t
is
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
t
o
p
in
io
n
s
wh
o
s
tated
th
at
as
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
lear
n
in
g
h
as
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
n
am
ely
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es,
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
[3
3
]
,
th
ese
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
h
av
e
a
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tly
in
a
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
o
r
in
d
ir
ec
tly
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
n
ee
d
s
to
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les:
f
ir
s
t,
in
teg
r
atio
n
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
an
in
teg
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
b
esid
es
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es,
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
s
tu
d
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
[3
4
]
;
lectu
r
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
g
en
er
ate
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
E
v
alu
atio
n
m
u
s
t
n
o
t
b
e
a
co
n
ce
r
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
en
th
u
s
iasm
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
.
B
u
t
o
n
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
ev
alu
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t le
ar
n
in
g
q
u
ality
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es
b
ec
au
s
e
g
o
o
d
ev
alu
atio
n
ac
tiv
ities
ca
n
h
elp
lectu
r
er
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
co
h
er
en
ce
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
s
k
ills
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
ju
s
tifie
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
ev
alu
atio
n
to
o
l
o
r
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es m
ater
ial
th
at
h
as n
o
t b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
f
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
.
H
o
wev
er
,
i
n
r
ea
lity
,
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
in
g
s
o
f
ar
r
eq
u
ir
es
n
ew
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
asp
ec
ts
:
1
)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es a
r
e
d
ir
ec
t
ed
to
war
d
s
th
r
ee
lan
g
u
a
g
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
; 2
)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
202
1
:
3
5
5
-
3
6
3
362
AIK
lear
n
in
g
;
3)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
in
q
u
ality
an
d
q
u
an
tity
;
4)
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
ev
alu
atio
n
is
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
co
g
n
itiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
Al
-
I
s
la
m
an
d
K
emu
h
a
mma
d
iya
h
a
n
wh
ich
s
o
f
ar
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
co
n
n
ec
te
d
,
s
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
two
co
u
r
s
es
h
av
e
a
clea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
h
as
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
tim
e,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
b
y
P
T
MA
lectu
r
er
s
ar
e
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
A
r
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
cien
tis
ts
s
o
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
lectu
r
er
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
co
m
p
ile
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
em
es r
elate
d
to
AIK
.
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
also
h
as
a
n
im
p
ac
t,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
lectu
r
er
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
teac
h
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
u
r
in
g
lectu
r
e
h
o
u
r
s
,
b
u
t
lectu
r
er
s
m
u
s
t
a
ls
o
b
e
ab
le
to
s
et
asid
e
tim
e
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
u
r
r
icu
lar
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ac
tiv
i
ties
ar
r
an
g
ed
b
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
u
n
it
s
at
AIK
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
W
h
ile
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
m
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
a
p
r
etest
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
s
tu
d
en
t
wh
o
will
en
r
o
ll
in
PTM
A.
Fu
t
u
r
e
R
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
c
o
n
d
u
ct
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
at
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
r
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
ies.
W
ith
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
as
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
will
th
e
n
f
in
d
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
Ar
ab
i
c
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
AIK
at
PTM
A.
As
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
wh
o
will
u
s
e
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
ey
will
b
e
ab
l
e
to
s
ee
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
b
o
th
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
R.
Ha
n
n
y
a
n
d
N.
Riza
l,
“
Hid
d
e
n
C
u
rricu
l
u
m
:
T
h
e
Co
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
Isla
m
ic
Va
lu
e
in
Hi
g
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Ac
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
a
t
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
a
h
o
n
Ula
b
Al
b
a
b
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
J
.
Ad
v
.
Res
.
Dy
n
.
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
–
1
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
3
7
3
/
JA
RDCS/
V1
2
I1
/
2
0
2
0
1
0
1
8
.
[2
]
A.
Aly
a
n
d
M
.
Nu
r
h
a
k
im,
“
Th
e
Ro
le
o
f
Tran
sf
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
C
u
rricu
l
u
m
fo
r
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
ls,”
In
t
.
J
.
In
n
o
v
.
Cre
a
t.
C
h
a
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
0
1
–
4
1
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
ww
w.i
ji
c
c
.
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e
t.
[3
]
I.
Zu
k
d
i,
“
Lea
rn
i
n
g
Al
-
Isla
m
a
n
d
Ke
m
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
a
h
a
n
i
n
Co
l
leg
e
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
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h
,
”
in
AT
L
ANT
IS
PR
E
S
S
:
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v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
E
d
u
c
a
ti
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a
n
d
Hu
ma
n
it
ies
Res
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a
r
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h
(AS
S
EHR)
,
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0
1
9
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9
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.
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8
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0
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.
8
.
[4
]
M
.
Rit
o
n
g
a
,
As
rin
a
,
R.
W
id
a
y
a
n
ti
,
F
.
Alra
si,
Ju
lh
a
d
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ha
l
im,
“
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a
ly
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o
f
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ic
La
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Lea
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t
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I
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stit
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ti
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n
s
wit
h
M
u
lt
i
-
Re
li
g
i
o
n
S
tu
d
e
n
ts,”
Un
iv
e
rs
.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
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0
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0
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0
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6
0
.
[5
]
O
-
R.
Iv
a
n
,
“
F
o
re
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g
n
Lan
g
u
a
g
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L
e
a
rn
in
g
in
th
e
Ag
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o
f
G
lo
b
a
li
z
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ti
o
n
,
”
Q
u
a
e
stu
s
M
u
lt
id
isc
ip
.
Res
.
J
.
,
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l.
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,
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o
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1
,
p
p
.
8
0
–
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4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
G
.
I.
Alfa
tafta
h
a
n
d
A.
G
.
Ja
rra
r,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
to
F
a
c
e
Ch
a
ll
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g
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s
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f
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lo
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li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
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h
o
f
Civ
il
iza
ti
o
n
s:
Ara
b
ic
Lan
g
u
a
g
e
a
s
a
n
E
x
a
m
p
le,”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
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o
l.
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o
.
4
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.
[7
]
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.
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ra
e
d
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h
,
H.
I
n
sa
wa
n
,
a
n
d
I.
Wah
y
u
n
i,
“
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h
e
Re
a
li
ty
o
f
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ic
Lea
rn
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g
G
u
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a
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n
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o
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e
sia
n
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m
ic
S
e
n
io
r
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h
S
c
h
o
o
ls,”
i
n
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s:
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rt
h
a
n
d
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v
ir
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ta
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0
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7
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.
[8
]
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.
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tan
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A.
M
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d
k
u
r,
“
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.
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o
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it
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,
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AS
EA
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.
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[9
]
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C
.
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d
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A.
S
.
Ab
u
-
Ay
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sh
,
“
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,
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.
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.
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[1
0
]
A.
W.
Rit
o
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a
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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-
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g
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ro
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ra
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P
a
n
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e
m
ic,”
In
t.
J
.
Hig
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
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l.
9
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o
.
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[1
1
]
M
.
Rit
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n
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a
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
Re
fo
rm
u
latin
g
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h
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ra
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g
u
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g
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m
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teria
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with
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ra
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w
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s o
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m
a
,
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In
t.
J
.
A
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.
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.
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1
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0
2
0
.
[1
2
]
A.
J.
F
letc
h
e
r,
“
Ap
p
ly
i
n
g
Crit
ica
l
Re
a
li
sm
in
Qu
a
li
tativ
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Re
se
a
r
c
h
:
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e
th
o
d
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y
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ts
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
In
t.
J
.
S
o
c
.
Res
.
M
e
th
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,
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l
.
2
0
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2
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9
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2
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.
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1
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4
4
0
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.
[1
3
]
A.
S
irb
u
,
“
Th
e
sig
n
ifi
c
a
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e
o
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lan
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o
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m
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n
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c
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ti
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in
C
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fer
e
n
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e
:
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EA
-
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ONF
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0
1
5
At
:
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T
ANT
A,
ROM
ANI
A
,
2
0
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5
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l.
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III,
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o
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p
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2
1
2
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9
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4
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4
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4
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.
[1
4
]
M
.
S
a
rip
,
“
M
o
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o
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te
n
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a
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g
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a
g
e
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teg
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ted
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rn
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n
g
(CLIL
)
S
trate
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y
in
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b
ic
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p
e
a
k
in
g
S
u
b
jec
t,
”
Ara
b
.
J
.
Pen
d
id
ik.
Bh
s.
Ara
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d
a
n
Ke
b
a
h
a
sa
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r
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b
a
n
,
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l.
6
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o
.
1
,
p
p
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5
3
–
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0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
A.
H.
El
-
Om
a
ri
a
n
d
H.
M
.
Ba
tain
e
h
,
“
P
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
Lea
rn
i
n
g
Ara
b
ic
b
y
No
n
-
Ara
b
ic
S
p
e
a
k
in
g
Ch
i
l
d
re
n
:
Dia
g
n
o
sis
a
n
d
Trea
tme
n
t,
”
J
.
L
a
n
g
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
Res
.
,
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9
,
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.
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1
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tr.
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2
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.
[1
6
]
A.
Ya
m
a
n
a
k
a
a
n
d
L.
Y.
Wu
,
“
Re
th
in
k
i
n
g
Tren
d
s
in
In
str
u
c
ti
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l
O
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jec
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s:
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lo
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t
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Alig
n
m
e
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t
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f
Ob
jec
ti
v
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s
with
Ac
ti
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a
n
d
As
se
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m
e
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t
in
Hig
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E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
–
A
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
I
n
str.
,
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7
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2
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].
A
v
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.
[1
7
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H.
M
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U.
W.
Ab
a
s,
“
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rsity
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a
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sia
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M
),
”
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.
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u
c
.
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,
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
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a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
jes
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.
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/wp
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_
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7
.
p
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.
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2252
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363
[1
8
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.
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ra
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a
h
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N.
A.
M
a
r,
a
n
d
F
.
G
u
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Im
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[1
9
]
A.
A.
Az
iz,
M
.
A.
I
b
ra
h
im,
M
.
H.
S
h
a
k
e
r,
a
n
d
A.
M
.
N
o
r,
“
Te
a
c
h
in
g
Tec
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i
q
u
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Isla
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tu
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in
Hi
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s
fo
r
No
n
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S
p
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rs:
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p
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c
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a
c
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lt
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Qu
ra
n
ic
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u
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tu
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Ce
n
tre,
Un
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S
a
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n
s
Isla
m
M
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lay
sia
,
”
Un
ive
rs
.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
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4
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o
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4
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0
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.
[2
0
]
D.
A.
Hu
ss
a
r,
“
Lea
rn
in
g
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
s.,
”
In
t.
J
.
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.
[2
1
]
J.
M
.
Ha
ra
c
k
iew
icz
a
n
d
C.
S
.
Hu
ll
e
m
a
n
,
“
Th
e
Im
p
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rta
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o
f
In
t
e
re
st:
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k
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s
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th
e
De
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lo
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f
In
tere
st,”
S
o
c
.
Per
so
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a
l.
Psy
c
h
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l.
Co
mp
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ss
,
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l.
4
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
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2
–
5
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
2
]
E.
Ro
se
g
a
rd
a
n
d
J.
Wi
l
s
o
n
,
“
Ca
p
tu
ri
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g
S
tu
d
e
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ts’
a
tt
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ti
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:
A
n
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iri
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a
l
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tu
d
y
,
”
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.
S
c
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l
a
rs
h
.
T
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h
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a
rn
.
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.
5
,
p
p
.
1
–
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0
,
2
0
1
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.
[2
3
]
K
.
N
.
M
o
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d
,
A
.
H
.
M
.
Ad
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a
n
,
A
.
A
.
Y
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f,
M
.
K
.
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d
,
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n
d
M
.
A
.
M
.
Ka
m
a
l,
“
Tea
c
h
in
g
Ara
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ic
Lan
g
u
a
g
e
to
M
a
lay
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n
Un
i
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e
rsity
S
tu
d
e
n
t
s
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sin
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d
u
c
a
ti
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Tec
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Ba
se
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Ed
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ti
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.
0
P
rin
c
i
p
les
,
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In
ter
n
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ti
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a
l
In
v
e
n
ti
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n
,
I
n
n
o
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&
Cre
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(In
IIC)
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,
n
o
.
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v
e
m
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p
p
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8
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.
[2
4
]
M
a
jelis
Dik
ti
P
P
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
y
a
h
,
Ped
o
ma
n
Pen
d
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Al
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m
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mu
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mm
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iya
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a
n
Per
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ru
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in
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g
i
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
iya
h
,
Re
v
isi
.
Yo
g
y
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a
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e
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Ti
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M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
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h
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
5
]
J.
Du
n
l
o
sk
y
,
K.
A.
Ra
ws
o
n
,
E.
J.
M
a
rsh
,
M
.
J.
Na
t
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
D.
T.
Wi
ll
in
g
h
a
m
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
i
n
g
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
Lea
rn
in
g
Wi
th
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
Lea
rn
in
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s:
P
ro
m
isin
g
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s
F
r
o
m
Co
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i
t
iv
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a
n
d
E
d
u
c
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ti
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P
sy
c
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o
lo
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,
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Psy
c
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o
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S
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Pu
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n
ter
e
s.
S
u
p
p
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4
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o
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1
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7
7
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1
5
2
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4
5
3
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6
6
.
[2
6
]
F
a
th
u
rra
h
m
a
n
,
“
Ta’tsir
Istik
h
d
a
m
Kitab
a
l
-
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b
iy
y
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h
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y
n
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m
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l
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Th
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ll
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fi
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l
-
Lu
g
h
a
h
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l
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b
i
y
y
a
h
,
”
T
a
q
d
ir
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
–
1
2
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
7
]
V.
Cice
k
a
n
d
H.
T
o
k
,
“
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
Us
e
o
f
Les
so
n
P
lan
s
t
o
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
U.S
.
a
n
d
T
u
rk
is
h
Ki
n
d
e
rg
a
rten
th
r
u
1
2
t
h
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ra
d
e
P
u
b
l
ic S
c
h
o
o
l
S
y
ste
m
:
A Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
–
2
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
8
]
S
.
S
e
sio
ri
n
a
,
“
T
h
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
rs’
Les
so
n
P
lan
i
n
Im
p
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
Th
e
m
e
-
Ba
se
d
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
fo
r
Tea
c
h
in
g
En
g
li
s
h
To
Y
o
u
n
g
Lea
rn
e
rs,”
J
.
En
g
li
s
h
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
4
–
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5
,
2
0
1
4
,
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
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d
ia.n
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li
ti
.
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m
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s/1
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2
7
3
-
EN
-
th
e
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a
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les
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n
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n
.
p
d
f.
[2
9
]
É.
M
.
G
ra
n
jeiro
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
-
Ba
s
e
d
Tea
c
h
in
g
-
Le
a
rn
i
n
g
M
e
th
o
d
:
A
S
trate
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o
ti
v
a
te
a
n
d
En
g
a
g
e
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
Hu
m
a
n
P
h
y
sio
l
o
g
y
Clas
se
s,”
Ad
v
.
P
h
y
sio
l.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
3
–
5
5
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
2
/a
d
v
a
n
.
0
0
0
3
4
.
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
Y.
D.
P
u
sp
it
a
ri
n
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ha
n
if,
“
Us
in
g
Lea
rn
i
n
g
M
e
d
ia
to
I
n
c
re
a
se
Lea
rn
in
g
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
in
El
e
m
e
n
tary
S
c
h
o
o
l,
”
An
a
t
o
l.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
3
–
6
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,
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0
1
9
,
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o
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1
0
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2
9
3
3
3
/aje
.
2
0
1
9
.
4
2
6
a
.
[3
1
]
W.
H.
Al
o
wa
y
d
h
i,
“
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Ara
b
ic
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
Lea
rn
in
g
P
ro
g
ra
m
fo
r
No
n
-
Na
ti
v
e
S
p
e
a
k
e
rs
in
S
a
u
d
i
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Un
iv
e
rsity
Ac
c
o
rd
i
n
g
t
o
To
tal
Qu
a
li
t
y
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
s,”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Pra
c
t.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
–
9
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
2
]
R.
Ha
rjan
ti
,
Y.
S
u
p
r
iy
a
ti
,
a
n
d
W.
Ra
h
a
y
u
,
“
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Lea
rn
in
g
P
r
o
g
ra
m
s
a
t
El
e
m
e
n
tary
S
c
h
o
o
l
Lev
e
l
o
f
‘S
e
k
o
lah
Ala
m
In
d
o
n
e
sia
(S
AI)’.
(Ev
a
lu
a
ti
v
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
Us
in
g
C
o
u
n
ten
a
n
c
e
S
tak
e
’s
M
o
d
e
l),
”
Am.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
–
1
3
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
6
9
1
/e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
-
7
-
2
-
2.
[3
3
]
Z.
Zerih
u
n
,
J
.
Be
ish
u
ize
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
v
a
n
Os
,
“
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Lea
rn
i
n
g
E
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
s
In
d
ica
to
r
o
f
Tea
c
h
i
n
g
Qu
a
li
ty
,
”
E
d
u
c
.
Asse
ss
me
n
t,
Eva
l.
Acc
o
u
n
t.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
9
–
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1
,
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0
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2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
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0
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/s
1
1
0
9
2
-
0
1
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-
9
1
4
0
-
4.
[3
4
]
A.
P
a
o
li
n
i,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
Tea
c
h
in
g
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Lea
rn
in
g
Ou
tc
o
m
e
s,”
J
.
Ef
f.
T
e
a
c
h
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
–
3
3
,
2
0
1
5
,
[On
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
s://
f
il
e
s.e
ric.ed
.
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o
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ll
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.
p
d
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.
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