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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8822
Ga
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165
2.
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2
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th
at
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
is
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
an
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
b
o
th
v
ir
tu
a
l a
n
d
n
o
n
-
v
ir
t
u
al
t
h
at
ca
n
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
s
o
m
eo
n
e
to
d
o
“
b
ette
r
”
th
an
o
t
h
er
s
[
8
].
Ga
m
i
f
icatio
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
ts
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
a
n
d
m
ec
h
an
ic
s
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
m
a
k
es
th
e
g
a
m
e
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
an
d
ad
d
ictin
g
.
I
t
is
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
th
at
s
p
u
r
s
u
ch
s
h
ar
in
g
t
y
p
e
[
10
]
.
Ga
m
i
f
ica
tio
n
i
s
m
ea
n
t
to
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
o
n
n
o
n
-
g
a
m
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
en
ter
p
r
is
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
ap
p
licatio
n
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
ites
,
an
d
also
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
d
escr
ib
es th
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
g
a
m
i
f
icatio
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
[
1
0
]
:
1.
Ga
m
e
Des
ig
n
T
h
e
w
a
y
ap
p
licatio
n
n
ee
d
s
lo
g
ic,
g
a
m
e
s
ar
e
al
s
o
i
n
ter
n
al
l
o
g
ic
i
n
m
i
n
d
.
I
n
ca
s
e,
g
a
m
e
s
d
o
w
ar
n
i
n
g
,
it
f
ails
to
e
n
g
a
g
e
t
h
e
u
s
er
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
.
2.
B
eh
av
io
r
Hig
h
-
e
n
d
u
s
er
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
to
in
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
tar
g
et
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
s
lev
el
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
g
a
m
e
p
lay
er
s
B
eh
av
io
r
.
A
c
h
ie
v
er
-
w
h
o
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
g
a
m
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
g
o
al
s
.
E
x
p
lo
r
er
-
w
h
o
ar
e
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
an
d
lo
v
e
to
f
i
n
d
h
id
d
en
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
g
a
m
e.
So
cialize
r
s
-
w
h
o
m
ai
n
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
in
en
g
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
s
h
ar
i
n
g
with
o
th
er
u
s
er
.
Killer
s
-
w
h
o
al
w
a
y
s
w
a
n
t to
cr
ea
te
tr
o
u
b
le
w
it
h
o
th
er
u
s
er
.
3.
User
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
Mo
s
t
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
d
es
ig
n
i
s
ab
o
u
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
w
o
r
k
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
w
h
er
e
“
Ga
m
e
f
u
l
n
es
s
”
a
n
d
“
P
la
y
f
u
ln
e
s
s
”
attr
ib
u
tes ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t in
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
esi
g
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ga
m
i
f
icatio
n
C
o
n
ce
p
t
[
1
0
]
2
.
2
.
K
ey
E
le
m
e
nts in
G
a
m
if
ica
t
i
o
n
Ga
m
i
f
icatio
n
h
as
s
o
m
e
u
s
e
ca
s
es
f
o
r
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
ap
p
licatio
n
in
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
No
w
it
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
w
a
y
to
m
o
tiv
a
te
p
eo
p
le
w
ith
t
h
e
g
a
m
e
m
ec
h
an
ics
[
1
0
].
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
g
a
m
i
f
icat
i
o
n
ess
e
n
tiall
y
b
ased
o
n
k
e
y
el
e
m
en
ts
s
u
c
h
as
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
].
1.
R
e
w
ar
d
s
an
d
I
n
ce
n
ti
v
es
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
em
ai
n
co
m
p
etit
iv
e
,
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
u
s
u
al
l
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es g
i
f
ts
a
n
d
in
ce
n
ti
v
es to
its
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
2.
B
ad
g
es
Ga
m
i
f
icatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
h
e
n
lin
k
ed
w
it
h
s
o
cial
f
ea
t
u
r
es
u
s
e
d
m
ed
als
o
r
b
ad
g
es
to
s
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
e
l
s
o
f
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
w
h
e
n
c
er
tain
m
ile
s
to
n
es a
r
e
r
ea
ch
ed
.
3.
L
ea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
s
B
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
t
h
e
j
o
b
in
to
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
ts
b
ased
o
n
d
o
m
ai
n
s
a
n
d
ar
ea
s
i
n
t
h
e
lead
er
b
o
ar
d
,
it
ca
n
h
elp
p
eo
p
le
to
k
n
o
w
w
h
er
e
th
e
y
w
er
e
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
o
n
h
is
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
o
th
at
co
m
p
etitio
n
ca
n
b
e
b
u
ilt
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
1
7
:
1
6
4
–
1
7
3
166
4.
P
o
in
t a
n
d
Sco
r
e
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
g
i
v
i
n
g
g
i
f
ts
an
d
in
ce
n
ti
v
es
a
g
a
m
e
al
s
o
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
o
in
ts
t
h
at
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
ize.
I
n
g
iv
in
g
p
o
in
ts
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
th
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ta
k
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
s
u
c
h
as
:
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
esp
o
n
d
r
ap
id
ly
,
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
,
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
.
5.
C
o
m
p
etitio
n
C
o
m
p
etitio
n
i
s
s
o
m
eth
in
g
t
h
at
ca
n
d
escr
ib
e
a
s
itu
atio
n
i
n
w
h
ich
s
u
cc
e
s
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
eti
tio
n
a
p
la
y
er
w
ill
tr
y
t
o
b
ea
t
th
e
o
t
h
er
p
la
y
er
s
,
b
u
t
i
n
g
a
m
e
d
esi
g
n
is
u
s
u
all
y
m
ad
e
in
to
a
m
a
tch
b
et
w
ee
n
tea
m
s
.
6.
So
cial
C
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
Ga
m
es
to
d
a
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
w
it
h
a
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
w
h
e
r
e
p
lay
er
s
ca
n
s
h
ar
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
h
elp
ea
c
h
o
th
er
,
o
r
co
m
p
ete
in
a
g
a
m
e.
7.
L
e
v
el
an
d
R
ep
u
tatio
n
E
v
er
y
o
n
e
n
ee
d
s
a
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
a
g
o
al.
I
n
g
a
m
i
f
icatio
n
it
co
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
cr
ete
an
d
v
i
s
ib
le
to
o
th
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
le
v
el
v
al
u
e
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
.
I
t
b
ec
o
m
es
a
g
i
f
t
t
h
at
g
iv
es
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
.
2
.
3
.
Aca
de
m
ic
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
io
n Sy
s
t
e
m
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
is
a
f
ield
th
at
s
t
u
d
ies
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
o
r
lear
n
in
g
in
i
ts
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
lear
n
in
g
,
ca
n
b
e
m
a
n
ag
ed
b
y
a
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
[
1
2
].
W
h
ile
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
r
e
f
er
s
to
b
o
th
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
d
eliv
er
s
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
er
v
ices
to
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
an
d
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
p
lan
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
s
,
o
p
er
ates,
an
d
m
an
a
g
es
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
3
]
.
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
is
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
an
d
o
r
g
an
ize
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
o
n
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
tiv
ities
.
W
ith
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ad
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
atio
n
ac
ti
v
itie
s
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
m
a
n
a
g
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ly
a
n
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
ea
s
i
l
y
an
d
q
u
ick
l
y
[
1
4
].
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
A
I
S)
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
e
g
r
ad
e,
f
i
n
an
ce
,
a
n
d
also
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
lis
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
as
w
ell
as
o
th
er
d
ata
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
ec
o
r
d
.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
esen
ted
m
a
y
v
ar
y
b
et
w
ee
n
ac
ad
e
m
ic
b
o
d
ies
w
i
th
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
,
b
u
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
d
ata
p
r
esen
ted
is
g
en
er
all
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
an
d
f
o
llo
w
s
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
[
1
4
].
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
b
u
ild
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
g
a
m
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
s
et
f
i
r
s
t.
Ga
m
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
.
1.
L
e
v
el
an
d
E
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
(
e
x
p
.
)
an
d
le
v
el
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
b
u
i
lt.
E
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
w
il
l
b
e
g
iv
e
n
w
h
e
n
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
co
m
p
le
tes
a
n
as
s
ig
n
ed
tas
k
.
W
h
e
n
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
ea
r
n
ed
r
ea
ch
a
ce
r
tai
n
p
o
in
t
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
lev
el
w
ill r
i
s
e.
2.
B
ad
g
es (
A
c
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t)
B
ad
g
es o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
u
s
er
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
r
ea
ch
es a
ce
r
tai
n
s
ta
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
th
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
ar
e
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
t
h
e
g
r
an
ti
n
g
o
f
b
ad
g
es,
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ev
e
n
t
s
th
at
f
o
llo
w
ed
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tas
k
s
co
m
p
leted
.
I
n
to
tal
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
i
n
e
b
ad
g
es
w
h
ic
h
c
an
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
.
3.
L
ea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
s
L
ea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
,
a
class
r
an
k
in
g
w
h
i
ch
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
an
k
i
n
g
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
b
ased
o
n
lev
el.
4.
P
o
in
t a
n
d
R
e
w
ar
d
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
g
ai
n
e
x
p
er
ien
c
e,
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
le
tin
g
th
e
tas
k
,
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ar
e
al
s
o
g
i
v
e
n
p
o
in
ts
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
ed
f
o
r
r
e
w
ar
d
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
T
h
is
f
e
atu
r
e
is
cr
ea
ted
s
o
th
at
s
t
u
d
en
ts
ca
n
o
b
tain
d
ir
ec
tl
y
v
i
s
ib
le
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
leti
n
g
ta
s
k
s
.
5.
So
cial
C
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
Ga
m
es
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
w
it
h
a
s
o
cial
m
ed
i
a.
I
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
we
i
m
p
le
m
en
t a
f
ea
t
u
r
e
to
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
v
ie
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t so
cial
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Fo
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
es,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
f
lat
d
esig
n
w
i
th
co
lo
r
s
t
h
at
r
ese
m
b
l
e
co
lo
r
f
u
l
m
o
d
er
n
g
a
m
e
in
w
h
ic
h
m
o
s
tl
y
h
av
e
a
s
i
m
p
le
d
is
p
la
y
b
u
t
s
ti
ll
in
ter
est
in
g
.
S
o
m
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
to
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
to
e
x
p
lain
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Ga
mified
A
n
d
r
o
id
B
a
s
ed
A
ca
d
emic
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
S
ystem
(
Hen
r
y
S
etia
n
a
)
167
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
o
g
i
n
an
d
St
u
d
en
t
Ma
in
Me
n
u
P
ag
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Stu
d
en
t
Sco
r
e
R
an
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
Qu
e
s
t D
etail
P
ag
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
ev
el
Up
No
ti
f
icatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
1
7
:
1
6
4
–
1
7
3
168
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
P
r
o
f
ile
an
d
B
ad
g
es Pag
es
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
So
cial
an
d
R
e
w
ar
d
s
P
ag
es
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
is
p
ar
t
ex
p
lain
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
te
s
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
esu
lt o
f
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
ic
h
h
ad
test
ed
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
He
r
e
is
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
ea
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
.
1.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
Data
Af
ter
d
ata
r
ec
o
llectio
n
,
w
e
e
ar
n
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
ag
e
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
9
-
2
3
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
an
d
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
t
o
f
Un
i
v
er
s
ita
s
Mu
l
ti
m
ed
ia
N
u
s
a
n
tar
a.
2.
Ga
m
i
f
icatio
n
I
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
B
ased
o
n
d
ata
co
u
n
tin
g
,
2
7
f
r
o
m
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
a
n
s
w
er
ed
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
e
n
s
a
tio
n
wh
en
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fro
m
th
o
s
e
2
7
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t,
2
3
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
a
n
s
w
er
ed
t
h
e
y
f
ee
l
lik
e
p
la
y
i
n
g
a
g
a
m
e.
Fro
m
th
o
s
e
r
es
u
lt
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
er
te
d
to
a
p
er
c
en
tag
e,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
w
e
g
et
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
7
6
.
6
%
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
f
ee
l li
k
e
p
la
y
i
n
g
a
g
a
m
e.
3.
User
s
Mo
tiv
a
tio
n
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
g
a
m
i
n
g
f
ee
li
n
g
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
ask
ed
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
e
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
g
a
m
i
f
icat
i
o
n
.
Af
ter
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
,
it
is
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
2
7
o
f
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
ai
d
th
at
th
e
y
w
i
ll
b
e
m
o
tiv
ated
i
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ap
p
lied
.
So
m
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
g
et
th
e
f
ee
li
n
g
o
f
p
la
y
in
g
g
a
m
e
s
,
s
till
a
n
s
w
er
ed
th
at
th
e
y
w
i
ll
b
e
mo
tiv
a
ted
b
y
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
ter
m
s
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
9
0
.
0
0
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
li
k
el
y
to
b
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
g
a
m
i
f
icat
io
n
is
well
ac
ce
p
ted
i
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
s
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
o
f
ag
e
1
9
-
23.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Ga
mified
A
n
d
r
o
id
B
a
s
ed
A
ca
d
emic
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
S
ystem
(
Hen
r
y
S
etia
n
a
)
169
4.
Featu
r
e
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
ic
h
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
tia
l,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
in
c
lu
d
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
an
k
in
g
o
r
d
er
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
m
o
tiv
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
g
iv
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
to
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
ass
es
s
m
e
n
t,
f
ir
s
t
p
lac
e
g
et
s
5
p
o
in
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
o
s
itio
n
g
et
s
4
p
o
in
t
s
,
t
h
ir
d
p
lace
g
et
s
3
p
o
in
t
s
,
f
o
u
r
t
h
p
lace
g
et
s
2
p
o
in
ts
a
n
d
f
i
f
t
h
g
et
s
1
p
o
in
t.
B
ased
o
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
it
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
e
n
tia
l f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
‘
p
o
in
ts
a
n
d
r
ew
ar
d
s
’
f
ea
tu
r
e.
De
tail
s
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Featu
r
e
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
Gr
ap
h
5.
L
e
v
el
an
d
E
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
Featu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
g
a
m
i
f
icati
o
n
is
lev
el
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
in
ac
ad
em
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
ar
e
b
u
ilt,
it
w
ill
b
e
an
al
y
z
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
lis
t
ed
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
il
l
an
s
w
er
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
lev
el
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
1
to
5
.
Nu
m
b
er
1
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
,
w
h
ile
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
5
s
ig
n
i
f
ie
s
th
at
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
L
i
k
er
t
v
al
u
e
s
o
b
tain
ed
is
1
1
7
p
o
in
ts
w
i
th
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
5
0
,
w
h
e
n
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
i
s
7
8
%.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
g
i
v
in
g
a
n
ef
f
ec
t
to
th
e
au
d
ien
ce
b
u
t
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
is
s
till
li
m
ited
.
I
t
is
m
o
s
t
lik
el
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
test
in
g
p
er
io
d
th
at
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
au
d
ie
n
ce
ca
n
n
o
t
r
e
ac
h
a
ce
r
tai
n
le
v
el
t
h
at
ca
n
g
i
v
e
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
th
e
d
iag
r
a
m
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
L
ev
el
a
n
d
E
x
p
er
ien
c
e
I
n
f
l
u
en
ce
C
h
ar
t
6.
A
c
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t Fea
tu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
,
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
at
th
e
an
s
w
e
r
ten
d
s
to
f
all
o
n
o
p
tio
n
n
u
m
b
er
3
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
4
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
5
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
u
s
i
n
g
L
i
k
er
t
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
7
1
.
3
% o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
b
y
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
1
7
:
1
6
4
–
1
7
3
170
1
2
12
9
6
A
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
In
fl
u
e
n
c
e
Sc
ore
1
Sc
o
re
2
Sc
o
re
3
Sc
o
re
4
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
A
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t I
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
C
h
ar
t
7.
P
o
in
t a
n
d
R
e
w
ar
d
Featu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
en
ce
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
with
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
t
w
o
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
s
,
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
also
i
n
clu
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
r
e
w
ar
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le.
C
a
lcu
lat
io
n
R
es
u
lt
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
A
f
ter
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e,
o
b
tain
ed
8
8
.
6
6
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
m
o
ti
v
ated
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
t
h
at
f
ell
at
i
n
t
er
v
als
o
f
8
0
%
-
1
0
0
%
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
v
er
y
m
o
tiv
a
ted
b
y
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
r
e
w
ar
d
.
T
h
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
g
i
v
in
g
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
r
ate.
I
t
is
m
o
s
t
lik
el
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
s
ta
n
t
b
e
n
ef
it
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
h
e
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
ce
r
ta
in
m
i
l
esto
n
es.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
b
y
g
i
v
i
n
g
a
ce
r
tai
n
r
e
w
ar
d
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
to
s
t
u
d
en
t
in
th
eir
s
t
u
d
y
g
i
v
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
to
th
eir
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
.
0
0
6
5
19
Poi
nt
a
nd
R
e
w
a
r
d
I
nf
l
ue
nc
e
Sc
o
r
e
1
Sc
o
r
e
2
Sc
o
r
e
3
Sc
o
r
e
4
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Po
in
t a
n
d
R
e
w
ar
d
I
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
C
h
ar
t
8.
L
ea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
Featu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
en
c
e
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
lead
er
b
o
ar
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
u
s
i
n
g
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
lev
el
is
7
4
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
o
u
n
d
m
o
ti
v
ated
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
v
alu
e
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
lead
e
r
b
o
ar
d
f
ea
tu
r
e
h
as
q
u
ite
a
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
alth
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
m
ax
i
m
a
l.
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
ca
lc
u
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
11.
0
3
10
10
7
L
e
a
de
r
boa
r
d
I
nf
l
ue
nc
e
Sc
o
r
e
1
Sc
o
r
e
2
Sc
o
r
e
3
Sc
o
r
e
4
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
L
ea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
I
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
C
h
ar
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Ga
mified
A
n
d
r
o
id
B
a
s
ed
A
ca
d
emic
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
S
ystem
(
Hen
r
y
S
etia
n
a
)
171
9.
So
cial
Featu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
r
esu
l
ts
,
it
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
th
at
7
0
.
0
6
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
m
o
ti
v
at
ed
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
ca
lcu
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
.
T
h
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
g
iv
e
th
e
l
o
w
est
r
esu
lt
a
n
d
m
o
s
t
li
k
el
y
is
d
u
e
to
li
m
ited
s
o
cial
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
s
h
o
r
t te
s
ti
n
g
p
er
io
d
m
ak
i
n
g
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
l
ess
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
So
cial
Featu
r
e
I
n
f
l
u
en
ce
C
h
ar
t
10.
Data
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
d
ata
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
w
it
h
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
le
v
el,
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
r
an
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
h
a
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
o
r
d
er
in
g
.
P
o
in
t
a
n
d
r
e
w
ar
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
h
as
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
w
i
t
h
1
0
8
p
o
in
t
in
f
ea
t
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
8
8
.
6
6
%
o
f
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
to
t
h
e
au
d
ien
c
e,
w
h
i
le
th
e
s
o
cial
f
ea
t
u
r
e
h
as
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
an
k
w
it
h
5
1
p
o
in
t
in
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
7
0
.
0
6
%
o
f
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
T
h
is
i
s
m
o
s
t
li
k
el
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
test
i
n
g
ti
m
e
b
ee
n
ta
k
e
n
in
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
11.
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
w
it
h
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
o
f
g
a
m
i
f
icatio
n
in
ed
u
ctio
n
th
at
b
r
in
g
n
eg
at
iv
e
r
es
u
lt
[
1
5
]
,
in
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
tia
l
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
t
h
e
r
e
w
ar
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
.
W
h
ile
i
n
th
e
ir
r
esear
ch
[
1
5
]
Han
u
s
an
d
Fo
x
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
at
Ga
m
if
ied
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
a
t
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
f
ea
t
u
r
in
g
r
e
w
ar
d
s
m
a
y
h
av
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
ac
tu
all
y
g
i
v
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
is
m
i
g
h
t
d
u
e
t
o
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
cu
lt
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
an
d
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
o
u
r
test
d
u
r
atio
n
is
s
h
o
r
t
ter
m
.
B
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
w
e
ca
n
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
at
r
e
w
ar
d
f
e
atu
r
e
s
till
ca
n
g
iv
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
es
u
lt to
au
d
ie
n
ce
an
d
th
at
a
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
c
h
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Si
m
i
lar
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
in
w
e
s
ter
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
g
a
m
i
f
icati
o
n
is
a
ls
o
co
r
r
elate
d
w
i
th
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
i
n
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
ac
ti
v
itie
s
an
d
as
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
ts
in
lo
ca
l
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
T
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
ti
m
e
w
e
y
et
to
r
esear
ch
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
e
en
g
a
m
i
f
icat
io
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
as
s
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
,
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
h
av
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
h
i
g
h
er
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
r
elate
to
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
co
r
e
an
d
a
ch
iev
e
m
e
n
t
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
at
f
ac
t,
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
g
i
v
in
g
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
co
r
e
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t to
o
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
r
es
u
lt
s
g
i
v
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
is
h
ea
v
i
l
y
r
elate
w
i
th
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
i
n
to
,
i
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e
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a
ca
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ic
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f
o
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m
atio
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te
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.
As
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h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
m
ad
e
b
y
Ha
m
ar
i
et
al.
[
6
]
w
e
a
g
r
ee
th
at
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
is
v
er
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
w
i
th
o
u
r
test
ca
s
e.
As
s
u
c
h
,
th
e
a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
g
iv
e
n
.
W
e
b
eliev
ed
th
at
o
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r
r
esp
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n
d
en
ts
w
h
ic
h
r
a
n
g
ed
i
n
a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
1
9
-
2
3
ca
n
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
e
f
f
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t
s
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g
a
m
if
icatio
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.
Si
m
ilar
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r
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ch
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also
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in
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is
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t
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o
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f
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ca
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li
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w
it
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[
1
7
]
.
A
lth
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th
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p
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ch
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lik
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at
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Dic
h
ev
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et
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[
1
8
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,
m
o
r
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em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
c
h
m
i
g
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t
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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I
J
E
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Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
1
7
:
1
6
4
–
1
7
3
172
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
r
esea
r
ch
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
is
also
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
i
n
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
ac
tiv
ities
a
n
d
as
s
i
g
n
m
en
ts
i
n
lo
ca
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
at
f
ac
t,
w
e
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
g
a
m
i
f
icat
io
n
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
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iv
in
g
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t sco
r
e
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t to
o
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
g
a
m
e
ele
m
en
ts
,
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
p
la
y
to
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
r
ese
m
b
les
a
g
a
m
e
an
d
ad
d
m
o
r
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
f
ea
tu
r
es.
I
t
i
s
also
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
it
h
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m
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s
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e
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s
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d
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s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
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o
f
le
ar
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g
in
a
ce
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tai
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t.
A
n
o
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h
er
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esear
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to
f
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er
d
ev
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p
th
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a
m
i
f
ied
ac
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m
ic
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f
o
r
m
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s
y
s
te
m
to
ca
m
p
u
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
also
co
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
o
rtal
Da
ta
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
E
n
ro
ll
m
e
n
t
Ra
te
,
”
2014
.
R
e
tri
e
v
e
d
o
n
A
u
g
u
st
8
,
2
0
1
6
,
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
//
d
a
ta.g
o
.
id
/
d
a
tas
e
t/
a
n
g
k
a
-
p
a
rti
sip
a
si
-
se
k
o
lah
/res
o
u
rc
e
/ec
6
2
3
f
c
c
-
f
4
b
1
-
4
3
e
6
-
8
d
5
2
-
2
b
3
7
1
d
2
a
5
f
3
a
.
[2
]
R.
W
id
ih
a
rto
,
“
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
L
e
a
rn
in
g
M
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
J
u
n
i
o
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
(S
M
P
)
,
”
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
,
P
P
P
G
M
a
te
m
a
ti
k
a
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
]
T
i
m
P
e
n
g
e
m
b
a
n
g
Il
m
u
P
e
n
d
i
d
i
k
a
n
F
IP
-
U
P
I,
“
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
1
:
T
h
e
o
re
t
ica
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
”
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
P
T
.
Im
p
e
rial
Bh
a
k
ti
Uta
m
a
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
A
.
R.
Ra
h
m
a
n
a
n
d
S
la
m
e
t,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
Disc
ip
li
n
e
A
g
a
in
ts
S
tu
d
e
n
t
A
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
in
A
u
d
io
Vid
e
o
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
S
M
K
Ne
g
e
ri
3
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
El
e
k
tro
n
ik
Pen
d
id
ik
a
n
T
e
k
n
ik
El
e
k
to
n
ika
,
v
o
l/
issy
e
:
1
(3
),
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
A
.
Ku
m
a
la,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
S
tu
d
e
n
t
L
e
a
rn
in
g
S
trate
g
y
a
n
d
M
o
ti
v
a
t
io
n
A
g
a
in
ts
Lea
rn
in
g
Ou
tco
m
e
s
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
Co
u
rse
in
S
T
M
IK T
IM
E
-
M
e
d
a
n
,
”
T
h
e
sis
,
M
e
d
a
n
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
M
e
d
a
n
,
2
0
0
5
.
[6
]
J.
Ha
m
a
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Do
e
s
G
a
m
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
W
o
rk
?
-
A
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
ies
o
n
G
a
m
if
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
47
th
Ha
wa
ii
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m S
c
ien
c
e
, W
a
ik
o
lo
a
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
5
-
3
0
3
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
A
.
Io
su
p
a
n
d
D.
E
p
e
m
a
,
“
A
n
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
Re
p
o
rt
o
n
Us
i
n
g
G
a
m
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
i
n
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
45
th
ACM
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r S
c
ien
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(
S
IGCS
E
’
1
4
)
,
A
tl
a
n
ta,
USA
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
3
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
Risa
l,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
G
a
m
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
(G
a
m
e
M
e
c
h
a
n
ics
)
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
,
”
T
h
e
sis
,
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
In
stit
u
t
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
S
.
De
terd
in
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
G
a
m
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
:
Us
in
g
G
a
m
e
D
e
sig
n
El
e
m
e
n
t
s
in
No
n
-
G
a
m
in
g
Co
n
tex
ts,
”
CHI
’1
1
Exte
n
d
e
d
Ab
stra
c
ts
o
n
Hu
m
a
n
Fa
c
t
o
rs
in
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
S
y
ste
m (
CHI E
A
’1
1)
,
V
a
n
c
o
u
v
e
r,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
p
p
.
2
4
2
5
-
2
4
2
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
J.
M
a
a
n
,
“
S
o
c
ial
Bu
sin
e
ss
T
ra
n
s
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
ro
u
g
h
G
a
m
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
M
IT
)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
5
(
3
),
p
p
.
9
-
1
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
S
.
De
terd
in
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
r
o
m
G
a
m
e
De
sig
n
El
e
m
e
n
ts
to
Ga
m
e
f
u
ln
e
ss
:
De
f
in
in
g
“
G
a
m
i
f
ica
ti
o
n
”
,
15
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Aca
d
e
mic
M
in
d
T
re
k
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
En
v
isio
n
in
g
F
u
t
u
re
M
e
d
ia
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
ts
(
M
in
d
T
re
k
’1
1
)
,
T
a
m
p
e
r
e
,
F
in
la
n
d
,
p
p
.
9
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
C.
Ilh
a
m
sa
h
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
e
b
-
Ba
se
d
Ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
o
n
P
rim
a
g
a
m
a
M
a
lan
g
,
”
T
h
e
sis
,
S
u
ra
b
a
y
a
,
S
ti
k
o
m
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
3
]
G
.
B.
Da
v
i
s,
“
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
a
s
a
n
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
Disc
ip
li
n
e
:
Lo
o
k
in
g
Ba
c
k
,
L
o
o
k
in
g
F
o
rw
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rd
,
a
n
d
En
s
u
rin
g
th
e
F
u
tu
re
,
”
I
FIP
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ter
n
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t
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l
Fed
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ra
ti
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o
r In
f
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ti
o
n
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in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
2
5
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
K.
I.
S
a
t
o
to
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
c
u
rit
y
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
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e
b
-
Ba
se
d
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
in
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g
in
e
e
rin
g
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
,
”
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e
min
a
r Na
sio
n
a
l
Ap
li
k
a
si S
a
in
s
d
a
n
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
-
1
8
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
5
]
M
.
D.
Ha
n
u
s
a
n
d
J.
F
o
x
,
“
A
ss
e
s
sin
g
th
e
E
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
G
a
m
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
Clas
sro
o
m
:
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L
o
n
g
it
u
d
in
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
n
I
n
tri
n
sic
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
S
o
c
ial
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
,
S
a
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
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o
rt,
a
n
d
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
Ed
u
c
a
ti
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n
,
v
o
l
.
8
0
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
1
6
1
,
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0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
J.
Co
b
a
rsi,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ca
m
p
u
s
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
S
tu
d
e
n
ts:
Cla
ss
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
i
n
S
p
a
in
,
”
Ca
m
p
u
s
-
W
i
d
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
25
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
6
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
7
]
J.
Ha
m
a
ri
a
n
d
J.
Ko
iv
isto
,
“
De
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
Diff
e
re
n
c
e
s
in
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
B
e
n
e
f
it
s
f
ro
m
G
a
m
i
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
i
n
Hu
ma
n
Beh
a
v
i
o
r
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
-
1
8
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
D.
Dic
h
e
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
a
m
i
f
ica
ti
o
n
in
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
A
S
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
S
t
u
d
y
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
&
S
o
c
iety
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
8
(3
),
p
p
.
75
-
8
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
BI
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G
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O
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in
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p
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c
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De
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rtme
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Un
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M
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.