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Resea
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J
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Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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er
201
6
,
p
p
.
30
6
~
3
09
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
306
J
o
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na
l ho
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e
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ttp
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JE
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CQ
s)
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a
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K
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:
Mu
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c
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R
asc
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m
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el
R
eliab
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p
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In
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C
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A
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id
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N
C
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m
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teac
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icab
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T
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t
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m
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q
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e
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f
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tio
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,
etc.
T
h
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k
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in
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tr
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q
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a
n
d
co
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ter
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ased
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esti
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.
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ltip
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c
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q
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e
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tio
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s
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e
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lu
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n
s
w
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v
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p
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v
id
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.
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h
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k
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n
d
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f
e
v
alu
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io
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co
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s
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ts
o
f
t
w
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p
ar
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,
w
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s
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a
r
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a
p
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b
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(
s
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m
)
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d
a
lis
t
o
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s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
alter
n
at
iv
e
s
)
[
1
]
.
T
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b
asic
f
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f
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is
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s
a
q
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in
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alter
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s
(
d
is
tr
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to
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)
.
Mu
ltip
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c
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q
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tiv
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(
k
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co
m
p
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h
en
s
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n
,
ap
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licatio
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,
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l
y
s
is
,
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
,
an
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ev
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.
T
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q
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tio
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n
T
ab
le
1
.
Usu
al
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,
m
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lt
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s
q
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ev
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h
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m
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s
tr
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As
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[
2
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.
T
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it
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
V
a
lid
ity
a
n
d
R
ea
lib
ilit
y
o
f Ch
e
mis
tr
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S
yste
mic
Mu
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C
h
o
i
ce
s
Qu
esti
o
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s
.
.
.
.
(
E
r
fa
n
P
r
iya
mb
o
d
o
)
307
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
a
n
d
th
e
li
m
itat
i
o
n
s
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
c
h
o
ice
s
q
u
esti
o
n
[
4
]
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
s
L
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
1.
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
me
s fr
o
m si
m
p
l
e
t
o
c
o
mp
l
e
x
c
a
n
b
e
me
a
s
u
r
e
d
.
2.
H
i
g
h
l
y
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
c
l
e
a
r
t
a
sk
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
.
3.
A
b
r
o
a
d
sam
p
l
e
o
f
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
me
n
t
c
a
n
b
e
me
a
su
r
e
d
.
4.
I
n
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
t
i
c
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
.
5.
S
c
o
r
e
s
a
r
e
mo
r
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
t
h
e
n
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
sco
r
e
d
i
t
e
m
(
e
.
g
.
e
ssay
)
.
6.
S
c
o
r
i
n
g
i
s
e
a
sy
,
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
d
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
.
7.
I
t
e
m
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
c
a
n
r
e
v
e
a
l
h
o
w
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
e
a
c
h
i
t
e
m
w
a
s
a
n
d
h
o
w
w
e
l
l
i
t
d
i
scr
i
mi
n
a
t
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
st
r
o
n
g
a
n
d
w
e
a
k
e
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
a
ss
.
8.
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
mp
a
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
c
l
a
ss
t
o
c
l
a
ss
a
n
d
y
e
a
r
t
o
y
e
a
r
.
9.
C
a
n
c
o
v
e
r
a
l
o
t
o
f
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
v
e
r
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
.
1.
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
n
g
g
o
o
d
i
t
e
ms i
s
t
i
me
c
o
n
s
u
mi
n
g
.
2.
I
t
i
s fr
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
o
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
f
i
n
d
p
l
a
u
s
i
b
l
e
d
i
st
r
a
c
t
o
r
s.
3.
I
t
i
s
i
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
o
r
me
a
su
r
i
n
g
so
me
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
p
r
o
l
e
m
so
l
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
a
n
d
e
x
p
r
e
ss i
d
e
a
s.
4.
S
c
o
r
e
s c
a
n
b
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
5.
O
f
t
e
n
f
o
c
u
s o
n
t
e
st
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
u
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
f
a
i
l
s t
o
t
e
st
h
i
g
h
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
.
6.
S
o
me
t
i
me
s
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
d
e
f
e
n
si
b
l
e
“
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
”
a
n
sw
e
r
.
7.
D
o
e
s n
o
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
me
a
s
u
r
e
o
f
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
8.
M
a
y
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
g
u
e
ssi
n
g
.
As
a
n
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t,
t
h
i
s
k
in
d
o
f
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
q
u
al
if
y
th
e
v
al
id
it
y
a
n
d
r
e
liab
ilit
y
.
R
e
liab
ilit
y
i
s
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
w
h
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
er
r
o
r
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
y
ie
ld
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
e
s
u
l
ts
(
i.e
.
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
o
f
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e)
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
i
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
r
eliab
le
if
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
ass
i
g
n
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
co
r
e
to
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
s
o
r
o
b
j
ec
ts
w
it
h
eq
u
al
v
alu
e
s
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
C
S
MCQ
t
h
o
u
g
h
R
asc
h
m
o
d
el
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ite
m
s
w
a
s
W
I
NST
E
P
S so
f
t
w
ar
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
p
ar
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ai
m
ed
at
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
k
in
d
o
f
ev
alu
a
tio
n
m
o
d
el
w
as
s
y
s
te
m
ic
m
u
ltip
le
ch
o
ice
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
in
ch
e
m
i
s
tr
y
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
C
SMC
Q
s
w
er
e
f
o
c
u
s
s
in
g
in
t
w
o
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
i.e
.
s
alt
h
y
d
r
o
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
b
u
f
f
er
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
C
SMC
Q
s
w
er
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
3
0
m
u
ltip
le
ch
o
ice
s
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
Valid
it
y
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
tr
u
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
w
h
ich
it
w
a
s
in
ten
d
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
eo
r
h
o
w
tr
u
th
f
u
l
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
e
s
u
l
ts
ar
e
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
v
alid
ati
o
n
in
v
o
lv
e
s
ac
cu
m
u
lati
n
g
ev
i
d
en
ce
to
p
r
o
v
id
ea
s
o
u
n
d
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
b
asi
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
co
r
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
C
SM
C
Qs
s
h
o
u
ld
q
u
alif
y
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
,
s
o
it
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
tes
ted
to
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
o
f
clas
s
XI
.
T
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
v
al
u
at
io
n
i
te
m
s
w
er
e
tes
ted
b
y
ap
p
licatio
n
R
asc
h
.
I
te
m
s
ar
e
q
u
an
t
itati
v
el
y
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
W
I
NST
E
P
S
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
R
a
s
ch
m
o
d
el
to
ass
es
s
th
e
v
alid
it
y
an
d
r
eliab
ili
t
y
o
f
ite
m
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
R
asc
h
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
t
h
e
ap
p
licat
io
n
o
f
W
I
NST
E
P
S
w
a
s
u
s
ed
t
o
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
d
atas
as
w
ell
as
to
test
th
e
v
alid
it
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
R
asc
h
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
a
t
k
e
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
tes
ted
an
d
,
wh
er
e
d
ata
f
it
th
e
m
o
d
el,
ar
ith
m
etic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
m
a
y
b
e
u
n
d
er
t
ak
en
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
R
a
s
c
h
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
,
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
1
6
4
s
tu
d
en
t
s
,
w
h
o
an
s
w
er
ed
th
e
C
S
MCQs
.
T
h
e
ite
m
s
o
f
C
SM
C
Qs
w
er
e
v
alid
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
R
asc
h
m
o
d
el
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
f
it
co
m
p
lie
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
cr
iter
ia.
a.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
O
u
t
f
it M
ea
n
Sq
u
ar
e
(
MN
SQ)
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
5
<M
NSQ
<1
.
5
b.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
O
u
t
f
it
Z
-
Sta
n
d
ar
d
(
Z
ST
D)
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
-
2.
0
<
Z
ST
D
<
+2
.
0
c.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
P
o
in
t M
ea
s
u
r
e
C
o
o
r
elatio
n
(
P
t M
ea
n
C
o
r
r
)
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
,
4
<P
t M
ea
s
u
r
e
<
0
,
8
5
I
te
m
s
w
a
s
v
alid
s
h
o
u
ld
m
ee
t a
t le
ast o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
ab
o
v
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
an
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
is
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
s
w
h
er
e
a
test
m
ea
s
u
r
es
w
h
at
it
in
te
n
d
s
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
ch
ite
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
R
as
ch
m
o
d
el
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
cr
iter
ia
ab
o
v
e,
it
w
as
1
ite
m
,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
u
m
b
er
1
4
,
f
r
o
m
3
0
ite
m
s
w
h
ich
n
o
t
v
alid
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
MN
SQ
,
Z
ST
D
an
d
P
t M
ea
n
C
o
r
r
o
u
t o
f
th
e
r
an
g
e
t
h
at
i
s
allo
w
ed
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
C
S
MCQs
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
2
9
v
alid
ite
m
s
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e
3
.
B
ased
o
n
R
a
s
ch
m
o
d
el
an
a
l
y
s
is
u
s
i
n
g
W
I
NST
E
P
S
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
i
te
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
i
s
0
.
9
3
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
ca
n
b
e
ch
ateg
o
r
ized
as
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
ch
ateg
o
r
y
[
9
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
o
f
a
test
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t,
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
q
u
an
ti
f
ied
i
n
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
cien
ce
s
l
iter
atu
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
lib
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
t
h
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
ce
r
tain
co
n
d
i
tio
n
.
C
h
e
m
i
s
tr
y
i
s
a
v
er
y
co
m
p
lex
s
u
b
j
ec
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
l
v
in
g
an
d
m
is
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
n
e
w
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
ch
e
m
i
s
tr
y
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
s
o
t
h
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
c
h
e
m
is
tr
y
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
l
y
.
An
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
i
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
h
er
e
s
o
m
e
m
u
ltip
l
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
b
y
a
m
u
t
u
alr
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
1
6
:
30
6
–
3
09
308
ev
alu
a
tio
n
m
o
d
el
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
u
c
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
ch
e
m
i
s
tr
y
s
y
s
te
m
ic
m
u
ltip
le
ch
o
ice
s
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
C
S
MCQ
s
)
is
an
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ab
ili
ties
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
clas
s
XI
.
T
h
e
C
SM
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I
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[1
]
R.
R.
S
u
d
w
e
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k
s,
e
t
a
l.
,“
Ho
w
t
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9
1
.
[2
]
J.
J.
L
a
g
o
w
sk
i,
“
S
AT
L
,
L
e
a
rn
in
g
T
h
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a
n
d
t
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Ph
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L
e
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,
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20
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ICCE
P
r
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e
d
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g
,
M
a
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u
s
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p
p
.3
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8
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2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
Z.
A
.
Ba
sh
a
ireh
,
“
S
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c
A
p
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ro
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Taf
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t
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ts
in
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ter
n
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l
J
o
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rn
a
l
o
f
Hu
ma
n
it
ies
a
n
d
S
o
c
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l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
3
(1
)
,
p
p
.
4
7
-
52
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
D.
M
.
Zi
m
m
a
ro
,
“
W
rit
in
g
g
o
o
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
c
h
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ice
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x
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m
s
,
”
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e
a
su
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m
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t
a
n
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Ev
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lu
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ti
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Ce
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Un
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x
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s.
A
u
stin
.
Re
tri
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n
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
G
.
T
h
a
n
a
se
g
a
r
a
n
,
“
Re
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a
b
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a
n
d
v
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li
d
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ty
issu
e
s
in
re
se
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h
,
”
In
teg
ra
t
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n
&
Diss
e
min
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ti
o
n
,
v
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l.
4
,
p
p
.
35
-
40
,
2
0
0
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.
[6
]
M.
Jo
p
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e
,
“
T
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Re
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1
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9
8
.
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d
F
e
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ru
a
ry
2
5
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2
0
0
0
,
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
//
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tm
[7
]
S.
M
e
ss
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,
“
V
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”
In
R.
L
.
L
in
n
(E
d
.
).
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n
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risk
:
T
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DC:
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Of
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8
9
.
[8
]
A
.
Ten
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t
a
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,
“
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Ra
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ly
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th
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m
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ts
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:
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p
p
.
S
2
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2
6
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2
0
0
4
.
[9
]
B.
S
u
m
in
to
n
o
a
n
d
W
.
W
id
h
iars
o
,
“
A
p
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k
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si
M
o
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l
Ra
sc
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tu
k
p
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li
ti
a
n
il
m
u
-
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m
u
so
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l
,”
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ri
m
k
o
m
P
u
b
li
sh
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n
g
Ho
u
se
,
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
J.
P
.
W
e
ir,
“
Qu
a
n
ti
fy
in
g
tes
t
-
re
tes
t
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
u
sin
g
t
h
e
i
n
trac
las
s
c
o
rre
latio
n
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o
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ff
icie
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
S
E
M
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
tre
n
g
t
h
&
Co
n
d
it
io
n
in
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
19
(
1
),
p
p
.
2
3
1
-
2
4
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
1
]
D.
Ga
b
e
l,
“
I
m
p
ro
v
in
g
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
h
e
m
istr
y
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
re
se
a
rc
h
:
A
lo
o
k
to
th
e
fu
tu
re
,”
J
.
Ch
e
m.
Ed
u
c
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
76
(
4
),
pp.
5
4
8
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
2
]
M.
Org
il
l
a
n
d
A
.
S
u
th
e
rlan
d
,
“
Un
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
c
h
e
m
istr
y
stu
d
e
n
ts’
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
d
m
is
c
o
n
c
e
p
ti
o
n
s
a
b
o
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t
b
u
f
f
e
rs
a
n
d
b
u
f
f
e
r
p
ro
b
lem
s
,
”
Ch
e
mistry
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
9
(2
),
p
p
.
1
3
1
-
1
43
,
2
0
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.