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p
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p
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p
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K
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Par
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v
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ticip
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Sch
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T
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CC B
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SA
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.
C
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
So
m
ar
iah
Fit
r
ian
i
,
Ma
g
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E
d
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ca
tio
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Ad
m
i
n
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tr
atio
n
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Mu
h
am
m
ad
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ah
Pro
f
.
D
R
HAM
KA,
J
alan
W
ar
u
n
g
B
u
n
cit
R
ay
a
No
1
7
Pan
co
r
an
J
ak
ar
ta
Selatan
1
2
7
9
0
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
m
ail: so
m
ar
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@
u
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am
k
a.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
th
e
C
h
ild
-
Frie
n
d
ly
Sch
o
o
l
(
C
FS
)
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
o
n
th
e
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
All
Dec
lar
atio
n
(
E
FA)
b
ased
o
n
th
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p
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s
o
p
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f
ch
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n
'
s
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ts
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wh
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v
iews
ch
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r
en
'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
as
ce
n
tr
al
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
'
s
p
o
s
itio
n
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
tio
n
em
p
h
asizes
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
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e
C
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R
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co
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p
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wh
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th
r
ee
m
ain
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
ch
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n
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o
cr
atic
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C
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-
Frie
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ly
Sch
o
o
l
d
ef
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n
itio
n
[
2
]
.
T
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C
FS
m
o
d
el
a
im
s
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th
o
r
o
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g
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civ
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m
en
ts
,
an
d
th
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ex
ter
n
al
p
ar
tn
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s
[
3
]
.
I
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th
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r
wo
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d
s
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t
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to
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.
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t
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r
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in
th
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co
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itiv
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p
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t o
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ch
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ch
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h
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as a
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in
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c
atio
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
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d
o
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tco
m
es
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
c
h
ild
r
en
also
h
av
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to
f
ee
l
s
ec
u
r
e,
co
m
f
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ta
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an
d
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ab
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at
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ch
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o
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with
o
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b
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d
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cr
im
in
ated
ag
ain
s
t
o
r
b
u
llied
d
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to
d
if
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ce
s
in
eth
n
icity
,
s
k
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co
lo
r
,
r
elig
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,
g
en
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d
s
o
cio
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o
n
o
m
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ac
k
g
r
o
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d
.
Data
f
r
o
m
U
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3
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ject
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ex
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v
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,
an
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ab
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[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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I
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J
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&
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E
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.
Vo
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9
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4
,
Dec
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b
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r
2
0
2
0
:
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5
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4
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T
h
u
s
,
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e
s
ch
o
o
l
n
ee
d
s
to
p
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v
id
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atic
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t
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k
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m
o
r
e
at
ea
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ter
ac
t
with
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
b
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
ter
cu
ltu
r
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
l
ea
r
n
h
o
w
to
v
al
u
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
with
in
ter
ac
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s
with
in
th
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class
r
o
o
m
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d
s
ch
o
o
l
in
c
u
ltu
r
al
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
[
6
]
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
u
ch
an
at
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e,
Po
lat
a
n
d
B
ar
k
a
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
an
d
tea
ch
er
s
as
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
er
s
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
im
ar
y
r
o
le.
T
h
ey
a
r
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
h
av
e
p
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s
itiv
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at
titu
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r
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u
ca
tio
n
t
o
ac
t
th
eir
r
o
le
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
is
also
a
c
o
n
t
r
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
in
c
r
ea
tin
g
q
u
ality
lear
n
in
g
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
d
is
s
em
in
atin
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e
id
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esp
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t
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ch
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u
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g
,
wh
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im
p
ac
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
attitu
d
e
[
8
]
.
N
o
t
o
n
ly
d
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th
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to
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b
u
t
also
p
ar
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ts
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co
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tr
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b
u
tio
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h
as
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
in
an
y
k
in
d
o
f
f
o
r
m
is
em
p
ir
ically
p
r
o
v
e
n
i
n
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
r
ep
o
r
t
f
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
d
s
tead
ily
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ev
id
en
ce
th
at
f
am
ilies
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
in
s
c
h
o
o
l
an
d
h
a
v
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
atten
d
an
ce
a
n
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
co
n
d
u
ct
[
4
]
.
Hig
h
lev
els
o
f
p
ar
en
tin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
a
p
leasan
t
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
at
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
ev
en
in
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
d
f
am
ilies
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
au
t
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
s
elf
-
esteem
[
3
]
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ajo
r
it
y
o
f
b
e
h
av
io
r
is
s
u
es
ar
e
d
e
r
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
b
eh
a
v
io
r
p
atter
n
s
estab
lis
h
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ch
ild
r
e
n
'
s
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
[
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
c
h
ild
r
en
b
etwe
en
5
an
d
7
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
u
n
d
er
g
o
a
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
lea
d
s
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
a
n
g
es
in
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
an
d
s
o
cial
r
o
les
in
a
h
ea
lth
y
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
0
]
.
C
u
r
win
also
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
cr
itical
y
ea
r
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
ag
es
o
f
9
an
d
1
5
ar
e
an
i
d
ea
l
an
d
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
tim
e
to
teac
h
s
u
ch
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
ce
p
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
t
h
eir
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
I
n
th
o
s
e
ag
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
tau
g
h
t
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
m
is
tak
es
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
ch
a
n
ce
s
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
an
d
to
ass
is
t
th
em
in
lear
n
in
g
h
o
w
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
n
d
liv
e
with
th
e
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
an
d
th
e
r
u
les
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
r
esp
ec
t,
an
d
s
elf
-
d
is
cip
lin
e
[
11]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
teac
h
in
g
th
em
to
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le,
d
is
cip
lin
e,
an
d
r
esp
ec
tf
u
l
to
th
eir
p
ee
r
s
in
ea
r
ly
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
will
s
h
ap
e
t
h
eir
b
eh
av
io
r
a
n
d
attitu
d
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
v
er
y
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
i
n
v
e
s
tig
ated
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee'
s
r
o
le
as
p
ar
en
ts
'
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
p
l
ea
s
an
t
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
c
h
ild
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l.
Un
d
er
th
ese
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el
is
a
n
ec
ess
ity
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
r
esp
ec
t,
eq
u
ality
,
an
d
r
ig
h
ts
to
p
r
im
ar
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
aim
e
d
to
f
ill
th
e
g
ap
b
y
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
two
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
wh
ic
h
n
ar
r
o
ws
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
c
h
o
n
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
.
T
h
u
s
,
ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el
in
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ch
o
o
ls
wh
ich
h
av
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
ci
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
asp
ec
ts
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
Sin
ce
v
er
y
litt
le
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
co
m
p
ar
e
b
etwe
en
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l,
th
is
ar
ticle
also
attem
p
ted
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
as
o
n
e
s
ch
o
o
l
is
a
p
r
iv
ate
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l,
wh
ic
h
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
an
u
p
p
er
-
m
id
d
le
-
class
f
am
ily
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
is
a
p
u
b
lic
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
wh
ic
h
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
m
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
m
id
d
le
-
lo
wer
class
f
am
ily
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
f
ig
u
r
e
o
u
t
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
c
h
ild
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
c
h
o
o
l m
o
d
el
an
d
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
.
C
hil
d
-
f
r
iend
ly
s
c
ho
o
l m
o
d
el
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
a
c
h
ild
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
(
C
FS
)
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
UNI
C
E
F
in
1
9
9
9
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
n
ee
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
p
h
il
o
s
o
p
h
y
o
f
c
h
ild
r
ig
h
ts
,
wh
ich
r
eg
ar
d
s
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
as
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
ch
ild
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
[
1
]
.
C
h
ild
r
en
'
s
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
C
FS
)
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
er
v
ice
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
an
d
m
ee
t
th
e
ch
ild
'
s
o
v
er
all
n
ee
d
s
as
a
s
tu
d
en
t.
C
FS
m
o
d
els
asp
ir
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
f
u
ll
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
a
n
d
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
all
ac
to
r
s
in
a
p
o
s
itio
n
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
r
ig
h
t
o
f
c
h
ild
r
en
t
o
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Par
ties
s
u
ch
as p
ar
en
ts
,
f
am
ilies
,
teac
h
er
s
,
s
ch
o
o
l h
ea
d
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
civ
i
l
s
o
ciety
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
as
well
as
lo
ca
l
an
d
n
atio
n
al
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
an
d
th
eir
ex
ter
n
al
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
,
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
o
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
ties
ar
e
'
d
u
ty
b
ea
r
er
s
.
'
T
h
eir
en
g
ag
em
en
t
h
elp
s
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
to
h
a
v
e
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
e
C
FS
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esian
’
s
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
p
o
licy
o
f
C
FS
i
s
r
u
led
in
th
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
o
f
Min
is
ter
o
f
State
E
m
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
h
ild
r
en
an
d
Pro
tectio
n
Nu
m
b
er
8
o
f
2
0
1
4
.
T
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
W
o
m
en
'
s
E
m
p
o
wer
m
en
t
an
d
C
h
ild
Pro
tectio
n
,
wh
ic
h
wo
r
k
s
with
elev
en
o
th
er
p
ar
ties
en
g
ag
ed
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
C
FS
as
a
s
ec
u
r
e,
clea
n
,
b
alan
c
ed
,
lo
v
in
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
y
s
tem
th
at
p
r
o
tects
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
r
ig
h
ts
an
d
th
eir
s
af
ety
f
r
o
m
v
io
len
ce
,
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
,
an
d
o
th
er
m
is
tr
ea
tm
en
t
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
es
th
eir
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t,
p
r
e
cisely
in
p
lan
n
in
g
,
p
o
licy
,
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
m
an
u
al
b
o
o
k
o
f
C
FS
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
W
o
m
en
’
s
E
m
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
an
d
C
h
ild
Pro
tectio
n
,
f
o
u
r
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
s
tated
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el
in
clu
d
in
g
n
o
n
-
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
,
th
e
b
est
in
ter
e
s
t
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
,
l
if
e,
s
u
r
v
iv
al
a
n
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
,
r
esp
ec
t
f
o
r
c
h
ild
r
en
'
s
v
iews
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
er
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
wh
ich
ar
e
also
alig
n
ed
with
U
NI
C
E
F’s
p
r
in
cip
les,
n
am
ely
ch
ild
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
n
ess
,
d
em
o
cr
atic
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
i
n
clu
s
iv
en
ess
[
1
3
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el
is
al
s
o
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
r
o
mo
tin
g
ch
ild
-
fr
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l m
o
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
mittee
a
s
p
a
r
en
ts
’
…
(
S
o
ma
r
ia
h
F
itr
ia
n
i
)
1027
d
ev
elo
p
C
h
ild
-
Frie
n
d
ly
Dis
tr
icts
/
C
i
ties
as
s
tip
u
lated
in
th
e
R
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
State
Min
is
ter
f
o
r
W
o
m
e
n
'
s
E
m
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t a
n
d
C
h
ild
Pr
o
tectio
n
Nu
m
b
er
1
2
o
f
2
0
1
1
.
T
he
int
erp
la
y
o
f
the scho
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
a
nd
p
a
r
enta
l invo
lvem
ent in e
d
uca
tio
n
T
h
e
ter
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
i
s
in
ter
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
in
m
an
y
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
Un
ited
States
o
f
Am
er
ica
,
OE
C
D
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
,
an
d
th
e
Neth
er
lan
d
u
s
e
t
h
e
ter
m
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
[
1
4
,
15]
,
wh
ic
h
h
as
a
wid
e
-
r
an
g
in
g
s
co
p
e
o
f
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
r
elatin
g
to
t
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
m
atter
s
,
b
u
ild
in
g
s
’
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
c
atio
n
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
,
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
ter
m
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
is
m
o
r
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
wn
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
I
n
d
o
n
esian
’
s
Min
is
ter
o
f
Na
tio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Dec
r
ee
No
.
0
4
4
/U/
2
0
0
2
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
its
r
o
les,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
it
tee
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
b
o
ar
d
o
f
b
o
d
y
t
h
at
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ates
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
ar
t
icip
atio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
,
eq
u
ity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
e
d
u
c
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
u
n
its
,
b
o
th
in
th
e
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
,
s
ch
o
o
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
an
d
n
o
n
-
s
ch
o
o
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el.
E
ac
h
co
u
n
tr
y
h
as
its
r
eg
u
latio
n
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee.
T
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
h
as
th
r
ee
r
o
le
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ad
v
is
o
r
y
ag
en
c
y
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
g
en
cy
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
ag
en
cy
.
As an
ad
v
is
o
r
y
ag
e
n
cy
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
d
eter
m
in
es a
n
d
im
p
l
em
en
ts
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
its
.
As
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ag
e
n
cy
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
in
an
cial,
th
o
u
g
h
t,
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
asp
ec
ts
in
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
last
r
o
l
e
is
as
a
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
ag
e
n
cy
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
ac
c
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
in
th
e
a
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
u
n
it.
I
n
th
e
w
o
r
d
s
o
f
R
eh
b
er
g
,
as
s
ch
o
o
l
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
b
o
d
y
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittee
h
as
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le,
wh
ich
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
f
am
ilies
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
:
1
)
p
o
licy
m
ak
in
g
;
2
)
f
in
an
cia
l
ass
es
s
m
en
t;
3
)
f
i
n
an
cial
s
er
v
i
ce
s
d
el
iv
er
y
;
4
)
lin
k
ag
es
t
o
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
:
an
d
5
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
[
1
7
]
.
B
esid
es,
E
p
s
tein
an
d
Van
Vo
o
r
h
is
n
o
ted
t
h
at
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittees
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ev
en
ts
,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
s
ch
o
o
l,
f
a
m
i
ly
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
[
1
8
]
.
B
r
y
an
a
n
d
Hen
r
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
an
d
d
is
cip
lin
e
wh
en
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
(
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
f
a
m
ilies
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
)
h
elp
c
r
ea
te
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
1
9
]
.
Ho
o
g
e
an
d
Ho
n
in
g
h
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
s
h
av
e
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
wh
en
th
ey
s
tick
to
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
wh
en
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
ad
h
e
r
e
to
th
eir
m
an
ag
em
en
t
r
o
le
.
Als
o
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
s
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
av
e
g
iv
en
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
,
m
o
s
t
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittees
ar
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
'
p
ar
en
ts
,
wh
er
ea
s
in
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies,
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
m
em
b
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
in
th
e
Neth
er
lan
d
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
a
s
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
s
o
n
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ac
a
d
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
t,
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
h
i
ev
em
en
t
[
2
1
–
25]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
lack
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
esti
g
ate
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
b
o
ar
d
s
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittees in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el.
As
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
ty
p
ically
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
en
ts
in
m
an
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
s
o
p
ar
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
also
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
Par
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tin
g
th
eir
c
h
ild
r
en
b
o
th
at
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
at
s
ch
o
o
l
s
[
2
6
]
,
an
d
it
is
f
r
am
ed
as
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
home
-
b
ased
,
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
,
an
d
p
a
r
en
tal
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
ts
[
2
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
p
ar
en
t
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
as
a
c
o
m
p
lex
an
d
m
u
ltif
ac
eted
co
n
ce
p
t
[
2
8
,
29]
.
Par
en
tal
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
ca
n
tak
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
h
o
m
ew
o
r
k
ass
i
s
tan
ce
,
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
v
o
lu
n
teer
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
also
ten
d
s
to
h
av
e
en
d
u
r
in
g
b
en
e
f
its
,
ev
en
in
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
in
p
o
s
itiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
f
i
r
m
ed
b
y
d
e
ca
d
es
o
f
r
esear
c
h
[
3
1
,
32]
.
All
o
f
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
way
s
in
wh
ich
p
ar
en
ts
ca
n
en
g
ag
e
i
n
ch
ild
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
ca
n
h
a
v
e
v
ar
io
u
s
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
ch
ild
r
en
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
b
u
lly
i
n
g
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
o
f
a
wh
o
le
-
s
ch
o
o
l
c
ap
ac
ity
-
b
u
ild
in
g
in
ea
r
ly
an
d
m
id
d
le
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
m
ig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ch
a
n
ce
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
n
ta
ct
b
etwe
e
n
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
ch
ild
r
e
n
o
n
b
u
lly
i
n
g
[
3
4
]
.
Scho
o
l c
lim
a
te
I
t
is
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
ly
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
lear
n
b
etter
at
s
ch
o
o
ls
if
t
h
ey
f
ee
l
welc
o
m
e
d
b
o
t
h
b
y
te
ac
h
er
s
an
d
p
ee
r
s
. A
p
leasan
t a
n
d
co
n
d
u
ci
v
e
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
em
to
lear
n
b
etter
,
as we
ll
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
will
f
ee
l
in
d
ee
d
s
ev
e
r
ely
wh
en
th
ey
f
ee
l
th
r
ea
ten
e
d
,
d
is
tr
ac
ted
,
an
d
u
n
s
ec
u
r
ed
a
s
an
x
iety
o
b
s
tr
u
cts
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Su
ch
a
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
i
s
ca
lled
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate,
wh
ich
Pick
e
r
a
l,
et
a
l.
d
e
f
in
ed
as
s
ch
o
o
l
life
q
u
ality
a
n
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
,
in
clu
d
e
n
o
r
m
s
,
b
elief
s
,
an
d
asp
ir
atio
n
s
th
at
h
elp
p
eo
p
le
to
f
ee
l
p
h
y
s
ically
,
em
o
tio
n
ally
,
a
n
d
s
o
cially
h
ea
l
th
y
[
3
5
]
.
An
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t a
n
d
th
eir
well
b
ein
g
; a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
an
d
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
PISA
d
ata
d
is
clo
s
ed
t
h
at
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
with
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t’
s
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
[
3
7
]
.
B
esid
es,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ag
r
ee
th
at
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
ef
lects
a
s
u
b
jectiv
e
s
i
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
el
[
3
8
]
.
Sev
er
al
o
t
h
er
r
esear
c
h
er
s
o
n
s
ch
o
o
l
c
lim
ate
an
d
it
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
ch
o
o
l
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
also
n
o
ted
th
at
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
ch
o
o
l’
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
3
9
]
.
I
t
im
p
lies
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
co
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
b
etwe
en
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
clim
ate
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l a
n
d
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
2
5
-
1
0
3
4
1028
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Rese
a
rc
h d
esig
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
o
p
ted
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
ce
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
to
g
ain
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
C
h
ild
-
Frie
n
d
l
y
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el
i
n
two
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
ed
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
wh
e
n
a
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
s
ch
o
o
l b
ec
o
m
es
a
u
n
it
o
f
an
aly
s
is
[
4
0
,
4
1]
.
Gall,
et
a
l.
em
p
h
asized
th
e
f
o
u
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
life
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
in
s
tan
ce
s
a
n
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
[
4
2
]
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
is
a
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
o
r
test
in
g
g
en
e
r
al
izatio
n
s
s
p
an
n
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
lt
ip
le
ca
s
es
.
Fro
m
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
d
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
o
f
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
p
o
ten
tially
lead
s
to
m
o
r
e
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
th
e
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ev
e
n
ts
[
4
4
]
.
Su
ch
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
two
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
in
wh
ic
h
b
o
t
h
o
f
th
em
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
i
n
J
ak
ar
ta
to
allo
w
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
to
h
av
e
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
r
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
an
d
d
etails
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
tech
n
i
q
u
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
to
s
e
lect
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
p
u
r
p
o
s
ef
u
l
ly
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
th
e
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el.
Af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
ap
p
r
o
v
al
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
we
v
is
ited
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
als
p
er
m
itted
to
d
o
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
in
ter
v
iew
with
k
ey
p
er
s
o
n
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ea
d
m
aster
,
v
ice
h
ea
d
m
aster
,
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee,
teac
h
er
s
,
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
wo
s
ch
o
o
ls
wer
e
s
elec
ted
as
s
tu
d
y
s
ites
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ject
r
esear
c
h
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
o
f
R
ag
u
n
an
0
1
is
a
s
ch
o
o
l
lo
ca
te
d
in
So
u
th
J
ak
a
r
ta,
wh
ich
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
m
id
d
le
-
l
o
wer
f
a
m
ily
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
ca
th
o
lic
p
r
im
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Sain
t
Peter
lo
ca
ted
in
No
r
th
J
ak
a
r
ta,
wh
ic
h
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
i
d
d
le
-
u
p
p
er
f
a
m
ily
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el
s
in
ce
2
0
1
5
,
a
n
d
th
e
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittee
h
ea
d
was
s
elec
ted
d
u
e
to
h
er
ac
tiv
e
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
ity
b
y
u
s
in
g
v
o
tin
g
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
ar
e
n
ts
,
p
r
in
cip
als,
an
d
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
0
8
,
a
n
d
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
was
s
elec
te
d
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
b
o
ar
d
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
4
5
p
er
s
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ass
io
n
an
d
ac
tiv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
with
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
g
ath
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
two
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
So
,
th
e
lead
in
g
r
esear
ch
wa
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
p
u
b
lic,
an
d
p
r
i
v
ate
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
as
b
o
th
o
f
th
em
h
a
v
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
th
e
C
FS
m
o
d
el.
Data
wer
e
g
ath
er
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
b
s
e
r
v
atio
n
s
,
in
te
r
v
iews,
an
d
r
e
v
iews
o
f
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al,
v
ice
-
p
r
in
cip
al
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
af
f
air
s
,
an
d
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
,
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
p
ar
en
ts
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
with
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
m
o
r
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
itu
atio
n
at
s
ch
o
o
l,
wh
ile
th
e
in
te
r
v
iews
with
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
p
ar
en
ts
wer
e
in
a
m
o
r
e
r
elax
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
ch
as in
th
e
ca
n
teen
an
d
r
estau
r
an
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
i
n
ter
v
iew,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
also
u
s
ed
th
e
p
l
atf
o
r
m
o
f
W
h
atsAp
p
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
to
ask
f
u
r
th
e
r
q
u
esti
o
n
s
aim
in
g
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
m
eth
o
d
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
k
in
d
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
latio
n
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
v
alid
ity
a
n
d
r
eliab
i
lity
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
ch
ec
k
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
ask
ed
n
in
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
ittee
to
th
e
h
ea
d
m
aster
an
d
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee.
B
esid
es,
th
e
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
as n
o
t
to
m
is
s
an
y
s
in
g
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
d
ata
o
n
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
an
d
tr
a
n
s
cr
ip
t
o
f
i
n
ter
v
iews
an
d
n
o
te
-
tak
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
c
o
n
s
tan
t
co
m
p
ar
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ter
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T
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1
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3.
RE
SU
L
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ND
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SS
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T
ab
le
1
s
h
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two
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if
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er
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t p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
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ab
o
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t its
r
o
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
R
es E
d
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c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
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(
S
o
ma
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F
itr
ia
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)
1029
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
p
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iv
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a
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No
Q
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st
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s
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A
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P
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)
S
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b
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)
1
W
h
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t
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d
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s
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s?
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p
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H
e
l
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P
a
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t
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l
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sch
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y
.
2
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
a
l
s
o
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
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s
c
h
i
l
d
-
f
r
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e
n
d
l
y
sch
o
o
l
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
?
Y
e
s,
t
h
e
y
s
o
c
i
a
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
c
o
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p
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sc
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sc
h
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c
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m
mi
t
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memb
e
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s
a
r
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p
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n
t
s
o
f
l
o
c
a
l
s
c
h
o
o
l
st
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d
e
n
t
s
.
Y
e
s,
b
u
t
n
o
t
t
o
o
d
e
t
a
i
l
3
W
h
a
t
h
a
v
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sc
h
o
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l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
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e
c
o
n
t
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b
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s
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c
h
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?
•
G
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sel
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d
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mi
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a
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f
f
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s,
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e
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c
u
l
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a
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sc
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c
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p
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semi
n
a
r
s,
f
a
r
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w
e
l
l
s
,
a
n
d
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
i
o
n
s.
•
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
p
u
b
l
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c
a
t
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o
n
s
A
l
w
a
y
s
r
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mi
n
d
c
l
a
ss
c
o
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r
d
i
n
a
t
o
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s
a
n
d
c
h
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l
d
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n
a
b
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t
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mo
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f
C
F
S
a
n
d
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l
p
mai
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t
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a
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d
mo
n
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sc
h
o
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l
d
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v
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l
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p
men
t
,
e
sp
e
c
i
a
l
l
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a
b
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t
t
h
e
m
o
d
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l
.
4
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
a
l
s
o
p
l
a
y
a
r
o
l
e
i
n
d
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
?
N
o
.
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
t
sc
h
o
o
l
b
e
c
o
mes
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
sch
o
o
l
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
mi
t
t
e
e
w
a
s n
o
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
a
t
a
l
l
.
N
o
,
t
h
e
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
g
e
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m,
b
u
t
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
i
n
f
o
r
ms
e
v
e
r
y
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
d
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
u
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
sch
o
o
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
.
5
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
-
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
mo
d
e
l
?
Y
e
s,
i
t
g
i
v
e
s
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
so
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
a
t
mo
s
p
h
e
r
e
a
n
d
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
sch
o
o
l
c
a
n
b
e
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
l
y
e
st
a
b
l
i
sh
e
d
.
Th
e
sch
o
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
r
a
n
s
mo
o
t
h
l
y
a
n
d
w
a
s
mo
r
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
sch
o
o
l
c
o
m
mi
t
t
e
e
.
Y
e
s,
S
o
f
a
r
,
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
mi
t
t
e
e
mak
e
s
i
t
e
a
s
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
t
o
e
x
p
r
e
ss
t
h
e
i
r
a
sp
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
s,
b
o
t
h
c
o
m
p
l
a
i
n
t
s
a
n
d
su
g
g
e
st
i
o
n
s.
6
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
t
a
k
e
p
a
r
t
i
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
?
N
o
t
a
t
a
l
l
,
i
t
i
s
a
sc
h
o
o
l
's
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
N
o
,
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
a
p
a
r
t
o
f
o
u
r
d
u
t
i
e
s.
7
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
?
N
o
,
w
e
j
u
s
t
h
e
l
p
i
n
t
e
r
ms
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.
N
o
,
w
e
j
u
st
mo
n
i
t
o
r
a
n
d
h
e
l
p
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
l
’
s
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms.
8
D
o
e
s
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
i
n
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
d
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
ssi
s
t
a
n
c
e
?
N
o
,
s
i
n
c
e
o
u
r
sc
h
o
o
l
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
g
e
t
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
ss
i
st
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
o
st
l
y
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
s
a
l
l
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms.
N
o
,
b
u
t
w
e
k
n
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
u
se
s
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
e
t
f
o
r
sc
h
o
o
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
.
9
H
o
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s c
o
mm
u
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a
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mm
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e
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e
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mu
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a
t
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a
s
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o
t
r
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mi
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r
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a
r
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b
u
s
y
w
i
t
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t
h
e
i
r
w
o
r
k
s.
T
h
e
t
i
me
c
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
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u
s
y
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e
d
u
l
e
o
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c
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mm
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a
n
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mp
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s
a
n
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v
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a
s
c
o
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su
mers
(
p
a
r
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n
t
s)
a
n
d
s
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h
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o
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st
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k
e
h
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l
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r
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b
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c
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m
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o
b
s
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a
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l
e
s.
W
e
h
a
v
e
5
6
c
l
a
s
s
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
o
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s
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h
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t
c
o
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n
e
c
t
a
n
d
c
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mm
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n
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c
a
t
e
a
l
l
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ss
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e
s
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
.
A
l
l
o
f
t
h
e
memb
e
r
s
a
r
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f
e
m
a
l
e
h
o
u
sewi
v
e
s
w
h
o
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a
v
e
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c
h
t
i
me
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o
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o
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i
t
o
r
a
n
d
a
t
t
e
n
d
t
h
e
mee
t
i
n
g
s
.
T
o
an
ticip
ate
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
b
u
lly
i
n
g
,
d
is
cr
im
in
at
io
n
,
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d
s
u
ch
a
t
h
in
g
d
o
es n
o
t o
cc
u
r
,
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittee
in
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
b
lic
f
o
r
m
s
a
clas
s
co
o
r
d
in
at
o
r
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
t
h
r
ee
p
ar
en
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
clas
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
Her
e
is
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
with
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittee
.
Th
ere
a
r
e
4
7
cla
s
s
co
o
r
d
i
n
a
to
r
s
s
in
ce
th
ere
a
r
e
2
2
cla
s
s
es.
S
o
,
th
ere
a
r
e
th
r
ee
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tives
o
f
p
a
r
en
ts
w
h
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
cla
s
s
a
ctivity,
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
b
eh
a
vi
o
r
,
a
n
d
o
u
td
o
o
r
d
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ties
.
A
ll
o
f
th
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a
r
e
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le
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o
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s
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ve
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w
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o
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tten
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s
ch
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l
r
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la
r
ly.
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ke
tu
r
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to
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ito
r
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gi
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to
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o
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co
mmittee
if
s
o
meth
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g
terr
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p
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a
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th
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p
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b
lems
to
th
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h
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d
o
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th
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s
ch
o
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l
co
mmittee.
We
u
s
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th
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med
ia
o
f
Wh
a
ts
A
p
p
to
co
mmu
n
ica
te
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
e
th
e
in
fo
r
ma
tio
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Pu
b
lic
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ch
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.
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v
en
b
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t
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ch
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ls
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e
m
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y
class
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g
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f
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3
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3
2
s
tu
d
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ts
in
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d
b
o
th
o
f
th
em
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av
e
a
s
ch
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o
l
c
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m
m
ittee.
T
h
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in
v
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lv
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e
n
t
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ch
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o
l
c
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ittee
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s
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ewh
at
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t.
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s
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m
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le,
d
esp
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cr
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th
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s
ch
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l
c
lim
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y
th
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taf
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tio
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ch
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m
m
ittee
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ch
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in
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lv
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s
ch
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m
m
ittee
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On
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Th
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s
ch
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o
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tten
d
s
ch
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o
l
s
in
ce
ma
n
y
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f
th
em
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r
e
w
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ju
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Wh
a
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p
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r
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ke
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e
c
a
ll
if
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n
u
r
g
en
t
th
in
g
h
a
p
p
e
n
s
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
S
o
,
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
g
et
in
vo
lved
mu
ch
w
ith
o
u
r
a
ct
ivity.
Th
ey
ju
s
t
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term
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ke
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lly
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ch
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r
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t
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ch
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t
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e
s
ch
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m
m
ittee
o
f
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
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also
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
k
n
o
wled
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an
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p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ill
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d
e
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t
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m
o
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r
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la
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o
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m
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o
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ly
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ch
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o
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el
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a
s
ch
o
o
l,
w
h
ich
fr
ee
s
s
tu
d
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ts
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th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
fe
el
a
b
u
r
d
en
;
th
ey
feel
c
o
mfo
r
ta
b
l
e,
fr
ee
to
tell
s
to
r
y
a
n
d
tea
c
h
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a
r
e
n
o
t
fr
ig
h
ten
in
g
fig
u
r
es.
Tea
ch
ers
a
r
e
like
o
u
r
fa
mi
ly,
w
h
o
g
ives
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
ea
ch
o
th
er.
Th
a
t
is
w
h
y
w
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a
ls
o
t
ea
ch
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tu
d
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ts
a
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la
r
ly,
a
n
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er th
in
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th
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t we k
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w
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Pu
b
lic
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ch
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o
l)
.
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t
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n
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ed
t
h
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th
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s
ch
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m
m
ittee
d
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n
o
t
in
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o
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v
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s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
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g
,
f
in
a
n
cial
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s
u
es,
teac
h
er
s
'
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
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p
m
en
t,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
Sch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittees
in
b
o
th
s
ch
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o
ls
ju
s
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
it
ies
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
th
em
,
wh
ich
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
m
i
n
is
tr
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e.
T
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
e
s
tate
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at
th
e
p
ar
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er
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
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s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
aim
s
to
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tr
en
g
th
en
t
h
e
f
a
b
r
ic
o
f
p
ar
t
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s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
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ch
o
o
ls
,
f
am
ilies
,
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d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
p
o
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tial
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f
ch
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en
;
in
cr
e
ase
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in
v
o
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em
en
t
o
f
p
ar
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/g
u
ar
d
ian
s
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
ch
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r
en
'
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l;
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
co
m
m
u
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ity
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a
r
ticip
atio
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u
p
p
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u
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tio
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al
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am
s
in
s
ch
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o
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d
th
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c
o
m
m
u
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ity
[4
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
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in
g
to
L
aw
No
,
2
0
o
f
2
0
0
3
Ar
ticle
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Sch
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in
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o
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p
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.
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ased
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in
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h
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s
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ittee
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f
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ch
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as
b
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in
v
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en
t
an
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ar
ticip
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c
o
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p
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itt
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ch
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u
e
to
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
s
tatu
s
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
ec
r
ee
n
o
.
0
4
4
/U/
2
0
0
2
n
o
ted
t
h
r
ee
r
o
les
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee,
n
am
ely
a
d
v
is
o
r
y
a
g
en
cy
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ag
e
n
cy
,
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
ag
e
n
cy
.
B
o
th
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
av
e
r
u
n
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ag
en
cies
w
ith
d
if
f
er
en
t
asp
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
o
u
g
h
t
an
d
en
er
g
y
to
h
el
p
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
in
h
o
ld
in
g
th
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
in
a
n
cial
m
atter
s
in
h
elp
in
g
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
r
u
n
th
e
ac
ti
v
ities
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
in
ce
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
is
m
an
ag
e
d
an
d
f
in
a
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t,
s
o
it is
n
o
t a
llo
wed
to
g
et
m
o
n
ey
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
en
t
s
.
On
th
e
co
n
t
r
ar
y
,
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
is
m
an
ag
ed
an
d
f
in
a
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ask
s
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
ee
s
an
d
o
th
er
f
i
n
a
n
cial
m
atter
s
to
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
en
t
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
Her
e
is
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
with
th
e
v
ice
-
p
r
i
n
cip
al
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
.
Th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
mmittee
u
s
u
a
lly
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
a
mo
u
n
t
o
f
mo
n
ey
to
fa
cilita
te
th
e
a
ctivities
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms a
n
d
in
fr
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
r
fa
cilities
w
ith
p
a
r
en
ts
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
in
cip
a
l.
Th
ey
u
s
u
a
lly
en
g
a
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
l
ev
en
ts
a
n
d
ta
ke
p
a
r
t
in
s
ch
e
d
u
led
p
a
r
en
ta
l
s
emin
a
r
s
fo
u
r
times
p
er
ye
a
r
,
th
en
ta
ke
p
a
r
t
in
ma
kin
g
th
e
crea
tio
n
d
a
y
,
I
n
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
Da
y
ce
leb
r
a
tio
n
,
a
n
d
g
r
a
d
u
a
tio
n
d
a
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
s
in
b
o
th
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
av
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
eir
r
o
les
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
g
en
c
ies
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
asp
ec
ts
.
I
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l,
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
o
n
ly
co
n
t
r
o
ls
th
e
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
u
t
p
u
ts
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
tr
o
ls
an
d
tak
es
p
a
r
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
r
elate
d
to
s
ch
o
o
l
o
u
tp
u
ts
as
well.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
h
av
e
n
o
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
a
d
v
is
o
r
y
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
g
en
cy
,
as
s
tated
in
th
e
d
ec
r
ee
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
B
o
th
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
m
ittees
lack
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
eir
r
o
les,
an
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
also
d
o
n
o
t
in
f
o
r
m
th
em
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
r
o
les.
T
h
ey
r
u
n
th
eir
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ac
t
iv
itie
s
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
as
well.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
r
o
mo
tin
g
ch
ild
-
fr
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l m
o
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
mittee
a
s
p
a
r
en
ts
’
…
(
S
o
ma
r
ia
h
F
itr
ia
n
i
)
1031
in
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
c
h
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
th
e
th
in
g
s
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
to
k
n
o
w.
T
h
at
is
wh
y
wh
en
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
ask
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
ch
ild
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
to
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
b
r
ea
k
tim
e,
th
ey
c
an
tell
q
u
ick
ly
.
Her
e
ar
e
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iews
with
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
en
ask
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t a
n
d
h
o
w
th
ey
k
n
o
w
its
co
n
ce
p
t.
C
h
ild
-
fr
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
is
a
s
ch
o
o
l,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
vid
es
a
fr
ien
d
ly,
s
ec
u
r
e,
a
n
d
co
mf
o
r
ta
b
le
a
tmo
s
p
h
ere
fo
r
u
s
.
We
feel
fr
ee
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
o
u
r
id
ea
s
w
ith
tea
ch
ers
.
I
t
is
a
p
e
a
ce
fu
l,
cle
a
n
,
fr
ien
d
ly,
p
o
lite
s
ch
o
o
l.
Th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
mmittee,
p
r
in
cip
a
l,
a
n
d
tea
ch
er
i
n
fo
r
m
u
s
a
b
o
u
t
ch
ild
-
fr
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
ls
:
n
o
a
b
u
s
e,
n
o
b
u
llyin
g
,
n
o
vio
len
ce
,
n
o
d
is
cri
min
a
tio
n
(
S
tu
d
en
ts
)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
p
ar
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
n
ee
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
f
r
ien
d
l
y
,
s
ec
u
r
e,
a
n
d
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Dev
in
e
an
d
C
o
h
en
,
f
ee
lin
g
s
af
e
in
s
ch
o
o
l
p
o
wer
f
u
lly
p
r
o
m
o
tes
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
an
d
h
ea
l
th
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
I
n
th
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
it is
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l le
s
s
s
af
e
i
n
lar
g
e
an
d
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
as
well
as h
ig
h
p
o
v
er
ty
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
4
6
]
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
less
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
ch
an
ce
o
f
v
er
b
al
ab
u
s
e
in
lar
g
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
4
7
]
.
Fo
r
tu
n
ately
,
t
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
in
b
o
t
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
also
s
h
o
wn
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
p
a
r
en
ts
(
i
.
e.
,
m
e
n
to
r
in
g
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
b
u
s
in
ess
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
)
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
at
th
e
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
4
8
]
.
I
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
p
ar
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
t
o
g
et
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
b
eh
av
io
r
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
o
r
an
ticip
ate
th
e
u
n
wan
ted
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
h
ig
h
er
r
ates
o
f
p
ar
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l
ev
en
ts
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
f
ewe
r
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
p
r
im
a
r
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
v
io
len
t a
ct
s
.
Par
en
t p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was a
ls
o
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
a
h
ig
h
r
ac
ial/eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
a
n
d
lo
ca
ted
i
n
h
ig
h
p
o
v
er
ty
[
4
9
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
ar
en
tal
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ar
en
tal
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
f
ield
ac
tiv
ities
h
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
a
b
u
s
e
r
ates
[
5
0
]
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
esear
c
h
h
as
s
im
ilar
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
with
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
i
n
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
n
o
t
m
e
t
th
e
1
0
0
p
er
ce
n
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
u
e
to
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
is
in
a
g
o
o
d
ca
teg
o
r
y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittee
h
a
d
n
o
t
m
et
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
,
y
et
d
u
e
t
o
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
[2
4,
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
ar
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittees is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
to
m
ee
t th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
o
b
tain
in
g
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
is
tr
ict/g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
an
d
as a
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t i
n
s
ch
o
o
l a
s
s
ess
m
en
ts
,
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
[
5
1
]
.
Go
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ch
o
o
l
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittees
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
wh
en
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
a
ctiv
ely
in
ter
ac
t
with
f
am
ilies
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
b
eh
av
io
r
-
o
r
ien
te
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
r
ec
o
r
d
f
ewe
r
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
f
r
o
m
y
ea
r
to
y
ea
r
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ey
also
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
eig
h
t
m
ain
elem
e
n
ts
:
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
team
wo
r
k
,
ac
tio
n
p
lan
n
in
g
s
,
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
p
lan
s
,
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
co
lleg
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
was
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
am
o
n
g
s
ch
o
o
l,
f
am
ily
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
r
etain
ed
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
ed
f
r
o
m
y
ea
r
t
o
y
ea
r
as
th
ese
elem
en
ts
wer
e
cu
ltiv
ated
.
Oth
e
r
r
e
s
u
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
teen
ag
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
o
f
f
am
ily
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
p
ar
e
n
tal
en
co
u
r
a
g
em
en
t
was
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
c
o
m
m
itt
in
g
d
elin
q
u
en
t
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
5
2
]
.
A
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
is
a
f
am
ily
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
s
ch
o
o
l
[
2
]
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
d
ev
elo
p
s
ties
w
ith
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
ca
r
e
g
iv
er
s
wh
o
s
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
in
ev
e
r
y
s
tep
o
f
t
h
eir
g
r
o
wth
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
well
b
ein
g
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
o
p
ar
e
n
ts
wh
o
f
ee
l
p
o
s
itiv
e
ab
o
u
t
s
ch
o
o
l
s
an
d
t
h
at
in
v
est
in
th
eir
liv
es,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l'
s
p
r
in
cip
les,
p
o
licies,
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
will
b
e
th
e
b
est
ad
v
o
ca
te
at
h
o
m
e,
wh
eth
er
th
ey
en
co
u
r
ag
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
o
m
o
te
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
o
r
e
n
d
o
r
s
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
o
th
e
r
p
eo
p
le.
I
n
th
at
ca
s
e
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
’
s
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
,
B
r
y
an
an
d
Hen
r
y
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
d
is
cip
lin
e
wh
en
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
(
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
f
am
ilies
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
)
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
1
9
]
.
Op
e
n
n
ess
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
is
also
v
ital
to
b
u
ild
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
m
a
k
e
a
s
c
h
o
o
l
ch
ild
f
r
ien
d
l
y
.
R
u
d
d
u
ck
an
d
Flu
tter
also
ad
d
ed
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
f
am
ily
to
w
ar
d
s
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ar
t
icip
atio
n
at
s
ch
o
o
l
wo
u
ld
m
a
k
e
th
e
m
f
ee
l
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
a
n
d
n
o
t
th
r
ea
ten
ed
b
y
it
in
way
s
th
a
t
m
ig
h
t
r
esu
lt
in
a
n
eg
ativ
e
b
ac
k
lash
ag
ain
s
t
ch
il
d
r
en
at
h
o
m
e
[
5
3
]
.
I
t
is
also
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
d
em
o
cr
ac
y
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
h
ild
-
Frie
n
d
ly
Sch
o
o
l
to
s
tu
d
en
t
s
s
in
ce
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
p
r
in
cip
les
is
d
em
o
cr
atic
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
B
ec
k
er
,
De
W
et,
an
d
Vo
llen
h
o
v
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ich
lo
o
k
s
at
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
o
p
e
n
an
d
d
em
o
cr
at
ic
s
o
ciety
b
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
h
u
m
an
r
ig
h
ts
'
liter
ac
y
fa
cilitatio
n
,
r
ig
h
ts
-
b
ased
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
ey
em
p
h
asized
th
r
ee
th
in
g
s
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
c
h
ild
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
[
5
4
]
.
B
y
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
r
ig
h
t
’
s
liter
ac
y
,
r
ig
h
t
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ac
tio
n
,
all
p
ar
ties
in
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ar
e
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
u
m
an
r
ig
h
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
Slater
p
o
i
n
ted
o
u
t
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
is
th
at
ed
u
ca
tin
g
all
p
u
p
ils
to
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
a
d
em
o
cr
atic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
5
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8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
2
5
-
1
0
3
4
1032
s
o
ciety
[
5
5
]
.
So
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
to
d
ay
'
s
ch
an
g
in
g
s
o
ciety
,
p
o
v
er
ty
,
an
d
et
h
n
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ar
e
lik
ely
ca
u
s
es
o
f
b
eh
av
io
r
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
5
6
,
5
7
]
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
attitu
d
e
at
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ettin
g
s
[
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
De
J
o
n
g
,
s
ev
er
al
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
es
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ar
e
a
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
m
o
tiv
e
cu
ltu
r
e,
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
a
d
em
o
cr
atic,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
th
e
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
well
estab
lis
h
ed
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
5
8
]
,
wh
ich
ar
e
r
elev
an
t
to
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
ce
p
t.
I
n
lin
e
with
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
s
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
an
d
p
ar
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
h
a
s
aim
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
as
p
ar
e
n
tal
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
s
in
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
wh
ich
is
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
im
ilar
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittee
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
ti
cip
atio
n
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
h
ild
-
Frie
n
d
l
y
Sch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el.
A
ch
ild
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l
m
o
d
el
is
s
ee
n
as
an
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
m
a
k
e
s
u
r
e
th
at
ev
er
y
o
n
e
r
esp
ec
ts
h
is
/h
er
r
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
o
th
er
p
e
o
p
l
e'
s
r
ig
h
ts
to
cr
ea
te
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
co
n
d
u
civ
e
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
an
d
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e,
wh
ich
b
r
in
g
s
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
i
m
p
ac
t
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
ittee
p
lay
s
a
s
o
m
ewh
at
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
h
e
lp
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el.
B
o
th
s
ch
o
o
ls
also
h
av
e
ca
r
r
ied
th
r
ee
r
o
les
as
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
ag
en
c
y
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
d
u
e
t
o
s
o
m
e
lim
ited
n
ess
o
f
b
o
th
s
ch
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
ittees.
T
h
e
last
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
in
t
i
n
th
is
ar
ticle
is
th
at
i
f
ev
e
r
y
o
n
e
is
atten
tiv
e
o
f
h
is
/h
er
r
ig
h
ts
an
d
o
th
e
r
’
s
p
e
o
p
le
r
i
g
h
t
s
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
at
ev
er
y
o
n
e
is
eq
u
al
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
ei
r
s
o
ci
al
s
tatu
s
,
r
ac
e,
s
k
in
co
lo
r
,
a
n
d
r
elig
io
n
as
well
as
a
p
p
ly
th
e
C
FC
m
o
d
el
to
e
d
u
c
atio
n
;
th
e
v
io
latio
n
,
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
,
an
d
u
n
wan
ted
co
n
d
itio
n
s
will n
ev
er
h
ap
p
en
a
t sch
o
o
ls
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
Lemb
a
g
a
P
en
elitia
n
d
a
n
P
e
n
g
emb
a
n
g
a
n
(
L
em
litb
a
n
g
)
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
Pro
f
.
DR
.
HAM
KA.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
G
o
d
fre
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Cr
o
ss
-
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
rn
in
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts:
Cre
a
ti
n
g
in
d
ica
to
rs
fo
r
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
UN
ICEF
'
s Ch
il
d
-
F
rie
n
d
ly
S
c
h
o
o
ls I
n
it
iati
v
e
,
”
Ch
il
d
.
Y
o
u
th
S
e
rv
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
6
–
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
UN
ICEF
,
M
a
n
u
a
l:
Ch
il
d
frien
d
ly
sc
h
o
o
ls.
Ne
w Yo
r
k
:
UN
ICEF
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
UN
ICEF
,
T
h
e
C
h
il
d
Frien
d
ly S
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
n
u
a
l
.
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
UN
ICEF
Div
isio
n
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
]
A.
T.
He
n
d
e
rso
n
a
n
d
K.
L.
M
a
p
p
,
“
A
n
e
w
wa
v
e
o
f
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
:
Th
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l,
fa
m
il
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
st
u
d
e
n
t
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
,”
S
o
u
t
h
we
st E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
A
u
stin
,
TX,
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
UN
ES
CO,
Rep
o
rt
o
n
th
e
e
x
p
e
rt
me
e
ti
n
g
“
S
to
p
p
i
n
g
v
io
len
c
e
a
t
sc
h
o
o
ls:
wh
a
t
w
o
rk
s?
F
ra
n
c
e
:
UN
E
S
CO,
2
0
0
7
.
[6
]
P
.
Ba
tela
a
n
,
“
Lea
rn
in
g
t
o
re
sp
e
c
t,
”
In
ter
c
u
lt
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
-
245
,
2
0
0
1
.
[7
]
S
.
P
o
lat
a
n
d
T
.
O.
Ba
rk
a
,
“
M
u
lt
icu
lt
u
ra
li
sm
a
n
d
In
terc
u
lt
u
ra
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
wi
th
a
sa
m
p
le
o
f
S
wiss
a
n
d
T
u
rk
is
h
c
a
n
d
id
a
te t
e
a
c
h
e
rs
,
”
W
o
rld
A
p
p
l
.
S
c
i.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
0
–
1
1
8
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
S
.
F
it
rian
i
,
“
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
c
o
n
trac
t
a
n
d
c
las
s
r
o
u
ti
n
e
f
o
r
p
rima
ry
stu
d
e
n
ts:
A
c
a
se
stu
d
y
i
n
n
o
n
-
f
o
rm
a
l
En
g
li
sh
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
,
”
J
.
I
n
o
v
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
D
a
sa
r
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
P
.
P
.
He
ste
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Les
so
n
s
l
e
a
rn
e
d
fro
m
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
e
a
rly
in
terv
e
n
t
io
n
:
Wh
a
t
tea
c
h
e
rs
c
a
n
d
o
t
o
p
re
v
e
n
t
c
h
il
d
re
n
’s
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
p
ro
b
lem
s,”
Pre
v
.
S
c
h
.
F
a
il
.
Al
ter
n
.
Ed
u
c
.
Ch
i
l
d
.
Y
o
u
t
h
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
–
1
0
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
0
]
A.
F
re
y
a
n
d
H
.
D.
Do
y
le,
“
Clas
sro
o
m
m
e
e
ti
n
g
s:
A p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
Ch
il
d
.
S
c
h
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
–
2
2
2
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
1
]
R.
L.
C
u
rwin
,
M
a
k
in
g
g
o
o
d
c
h
o
ice
s:
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
re
sp
o
n
sib
il
it
y
,
re
sp
e
c
t,
a
n
d
se
lf
-
d
isc
i
p
li
n
e
i
n
g
r
a
d
e
s
4
-
9.
Ca
li
fo
rn
ia:
C
o
rwin
P
re
ss
,
INC.,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
Ke
m
e
n
teria
n
P
e
m
b
e
rd
a
y
a
a
n
P
e
r
e
m
p
u
a
n
d
a
n
P
e
rli
n
d
u
n
g
a
n
A
n
a
k
Re
p
u
b
li
k
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
Pa
n
d
u
a
n
se
k
o
la
h
r
a
ma
h
anak
.
Ja
k
a
rta:
De
p
u
ti
T
u
m
b
u
h
Ke
m
b
a
n
g
An
a
k
,
Ke
m
e
n
teria
n
P
e
m
b
e
rd
a
y
a
a
n
P
e
re
m
p
u
a
n
d
a
n
P
e
rl
in
d
u
n
g
a
n
An
a
k
Re
p
u
b
li
k
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
UN
ICEF
,
Ch
il
d
frie
n
d
ly sc
h
o
o
ls
p
ro
g
r
a
mm
in
g
:
Glo
b
a
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
re
p
o
rt
.
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
UN
ICEF
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
B.
P
o
n
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
Imp
r
o
v
in
g
sc
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
rs
h
ip
.
Vo
l
u
m
e
1
:
P
o
li
c
y
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
.
P
a
ris:
OECD,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
5
]
OECD,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
b
o
a
rd
s
-
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
u
n
c
i
ls:
P
o
in
ters
f
o
r
p
o
li
c
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t,
”
2
0
0
8
.
[1
6
]
L.
Uiterw
ij
k
-
L
u
ij
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
in
q
u
ir
y
-
b
a
se
d
wo
r
k
i
n
g
:
Ex
p
l
o
ri
n
g
t
h
e
in
terp
lay
b
e
twe
e
n
sc
h
o
o
l
b
o
a
rd
s,
sc
h
o
o
l
lea
d
e
rs an
d
tea
c
h
e
rs,”
Ed
u
c
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
A
d
m.
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
.
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
7
5
-
4
9
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
M
.
L
.
Re
h
b
e
rg
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
it
tee
o
f
th
e
to
wn
o
f
B
u
rli
n
g
t
o
n
v
.
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
i
a
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
L
a
w
.
S
AG
E
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
In
c
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
8
]
J.
L.
E
p
ste
in
a
n
d
F
.
L.
Va
n
Vo
o
rh
is,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
C
o
u
n
se
lo
rs’
R
o
le
s
in
De
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
P
a
rtn
e
rsh
ip
s
wit
h
F
a
m
il
ies
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
f
o
r
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
S
u
c
c
e
ss
,
”
Pro
f.
S
c
h
.
Co
u
n
s.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
1
5
6
7
5
9
X
1
0
0
1
4
0
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
r
o
mo
tin
g
ch
ild
-
fr
ien
d
ly
s
ch
o
o
l m
o
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
m
mittee
a
s
p
a
r
en
ts
’
…
(
S
o
ma
r
ia
h
F
itr
ia
n
i
)
1033
[1
9
]
J.
Bry
a
n
a
n
d
L.
He
n
r
y
,
“
A
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
b
u
il
d
in
g
sc
h
o
o
l
-
fa
m
il
y
-
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
a
rtn
e
rsh
ip
s:
P
r
in
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
,
”
J
.
Co
u
n
s
.
De
v
.
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
8
–
4
2
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
E.
Ho
o
g
e
a
n
d
M
.
Ho
n
in
g
h
,
“
Are
S
c
h
o
o
l
B
o
a
rd
s
a
wa
re
o
f
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
a
l
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
t
h
e
ir
sc
h
o
o
ls?
”
Ed
u
c
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
Ad
m.
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
.
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
–
1
5
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
1
]
E.
P
.
F
re
n
c
h
,
G
.
L.
P
e
e
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
R.
E.
S
tan
ley
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
sc
h
o
o
l
b
o
a
rd
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
in
Ten
n
e
ss
e
e
:
Th
e
late
st su
rv
e
y
re
su
l
ts,”
In
t
.
J
.
P
u
b
l
i
c
Ad
m.
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
–
2
4
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
2
]
D.
Lan
d
,
“
Lo
c
a
l
sc
h
o
o
l
b
o
a
rd
s
u
n
d
e
r
re
v
iew
:
Th
e
ir
r
o
le
a
n
d
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
in
re
latio
n
t
o
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t,
”
Rev
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
7
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
–
2
7
8
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
3
]
A.
S
a
a
tcio
g
l
u
,
S
.
M
o
o
re
,
G
.
S
a
rg
u
t,
a
n
d
A.
Ba
jaj,
“
T
h
e
ro
le
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
b
o
a
rd
so
c
ial
c
a
p
i
tal
in
d
istri
c
t
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e
:
Eff
e
c
ts o
n
fi
n
a
n
c
ial
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic o
u
tc
o
m
e
s,”
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
.
P
o
li
c
y
S
c
h
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
4
]
M
.
Krisw
a
n
t
o
n
o
a
n
d
M
.
M
u
h
y
a
d
i,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
ro
le
o
f
th
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
it
tee
a
t
S
D
Ne
g
e
r
i
S
u
m
b
e
rp
o
ro
n
g
0
3
,
Law
a
n
g
su
b
-
d
istri
c
t,
M
a
lan
g
d
istri
c
t
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Aku
n
ta
b
i
li
ta
s
M
a
n
a
j
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
6
–
7
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
5
]
A.
M
u
sta
d
i,
E.
Zu
b
a
id
a
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
m
a
rd
i,
“
Th
e
r
o
le o
f
th
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
m
m
it
tee
in
im
p
ro
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
lea
rn
in
g
i
n
e
lem
e
n
tary
sc
h
o
o
ls (
i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
Ca
k
ra
wa
l
a
Pen
d
id
ik.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
7
,
p
p
.
3
1
2
–
3
2
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
S
.
M
.
Ch
r
isten
so
n
a
n
d
S
a
n
d
ra
L.
S
h
e
rid
a
n
,
S
c
h
o
o
ls
a
n
d
fa
mil
ies
:
Cre
a
ti
n
g
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
lea
rn
in
g
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
G
u
il
fo
r
d
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
7
]
A.
P
e
tri
d
o
u
a
n
d
Y.
Ka
ra
g
io
r
g
i,
“
P
a
re
n
tal
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
risk
fo
r
sc
h
o
o
l
fa
il
u
re
,
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
Pl
a
c
e
d
Ri
sk
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
–
3
8
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
X.
F
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
P
a
re
n
tal
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t:
A m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
ly
sis,”
Ed
u
c
.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
2
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
9
]
J.
F
a
n
tu
z
z
o
,
C.
M
c
Way
n
e
,
M
.
A.
P
e
rry
,
a
n
d
S
.
C
h
il
d
s
,
“
M
u
l
ti
p
le
d
ime
n
si
o
n
s
o
f
fa
m
il
y
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
re
latio
n
s
t
o
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
ra
l
a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
f
o
r
u
rb
a
n
,
l
o
w
-
in
c
o
m
e
c
h
il
d
re
n
,
”
S
c
h
o
o
l
Psy
c
h
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
6
7
–
4
8
0
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
0
]
R.
De
sla
n
d
e
s
a
n
d
R.
Be
rtran
d
,
“
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
a
re
n
t
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
in
se
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
-
lev
e
l
sc
h
o
o
li
n
g
,
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
9
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
–
1
7
5
,
2
0
0
5
.
[3
1
]
C.
M
.
C
o
laru
ss
o
,
R
o
n
a
ld
P
.
O’R
o
u
r
k
e
,
S
p
e
c
ia
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
a
ll
t
e
a
c
h
e
rs
,
4
t
h
e
d
it
i
o
n
.
Du
b
u
q
u
e
,
I
A:
Ke
n
d
a
ll
/H
u
n
t
P
u
b
l
ish
i
n
g
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
2
]
K.
L.
F
re
ib
e
rg
,
A
n
n
u
a
l
e
d
it
io
n
s:
Ed
u
c
a
ti
n
g
e
x
c
e
p
ti
o
n
a
l
c
h
il
d
re
n
,
1
8
th
e
d
i
ti
on
.
D
u
b
u
q
u
e
,
IA:
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
Hill
/Du
sh
k
in
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
3
]
S
.
D.
P
o
m
e
ra
n
tz,
E
v
a
M
.
M
o
o
rm
a
n
,
a
n
d
E
li
z
a
b
e
th
A.
Li
twa
c
k
,
“
T
h
e
h
o
w,
w
h
o
m
a
n
d
wh
y
o
f
p
a
re
n
t
s’
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
c
h
il
d
re
n
’s ac
a
d
e
m
ic l
iv
e
s: M
o
r
e
is n
o
t
a
lwa
y
s b
e
tt
e
r,
”
Rev
.
E
d
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
3
–
4
1
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
4
]
D.
Cro
ss
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
y
e
a
r
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
F
r
ien
d
l
y
S
c
h
o
o
ls
wh
o
le
-
of
-
sc
h
o
o
l
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
o
n
c
h
il
d
re
n
’s
b
u
ll
y
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r,
”
Br
.
Ed
u
c
.
Re
s.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
–
1
2
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
5
]
T.
P
ic
k
e
ra
l,
L
.
A.
E
v
a
n
s,
W.
Hu
g
h
e
s,
a
n
d
D.
Hu
tch
iso
n
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
c
li
ma
te
g
u
id
e
fo
r
d
istrict
p
o
li
c
y
ma
k
e
rs
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
lea
d
e
rs
.
Ne
w Yo
r
k
,
N
Y:
Ce
n
ter fo
r
S
o
c
ial
a
n
d
Emo
ti
o
n
a
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
6
]
UN
ES
CO,
W
o
rld
p
ro
g
ra
mm
e
fo
r
h
u
ma
n
ri
g
h
ts
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
S
e
c
o
n
d
p
h
a
se
,
p
la
n
a
c
ti
o
n
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
a
n
d
G
e
n
e
v
a
:
Un
it
e
d
Na
ti
o
n
s,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
7
]
OECD,
Co
mp
leti
n
g
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
li
fel
o
n
g
lea
r
n
in
g
:
A
n
OE
CD
su
rv
e
y
o
f
u
p
p
e
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
sc
h
o
o
ls.
P
a
ris:
OECD,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
8
]
J.
Co
h
e
n
,
“
S
o
c
ial,
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l,
e
t
h
ica
l
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Cre
a
ti
n
g
a
c
li
m
a
te
fo
r
lea
rn
in
g
,
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
i
n
d
e
m
o
c
ra
c
y
a
n
d
we
ll
-
b
e
in
g
,
”
Ha
rv
.
Ed
u
c
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
–
2
3
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
9
]
D.
Ra
p
ti
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
c
li
m
a
te
a
s
a
n
imp
o
rtan
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
,
”
Aca
d
.
I
n
t.
S
c
i.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
–
1
2
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
0
]
B.
G
il
h
a
m
,
C
a
se
stu
d
y
re
se
a
rc
h
me
th
o
d
.
Lo
n
d
o
n
:
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
P
a
st
o
n
P
re
P
re
ss
Lt
d
,
2
0
0
0
.
[4
1
]
R.
K.
Yin
,
Ca
se
stu
d
y
re
se
a
rc
h
:
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
me
th
o
d
s
,
T
h
ir
d
e
d
it
.
Ca
li
fo
rn
ia:
S
AG
E
P
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
Lt
d
.
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
2
]
M
.
D.
G
a
ll
,
J.
P
.
G
a
ll
,
a
n
d
W.
R
.
Bo
rg
,
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
re
se
a
rc
h
:
A
n
I
n
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
,
Ei
g
h
t
h
E
d
i
.
Bo
st
o
n
:
P
e
a
rso
n
/All
y
n
&
Ba
c
o
n
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
3
]
C.
G
.
Kn
ig
h
t
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
–
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
re
latio
n
sh
ip
:
C
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
c
a
se
stu
d
ies
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
E
n
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
ia
o
f
th
e
S
o
c
ia
l
&
Beh
a
v
io
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
.
p
p
.
7
0
3
9
–
7
0
4
5
,
2
0
0
1
.
[4
4
]
E.
Bra
n
tl
in
g
e
r,
R.
Jim
e
n
e
z
,
J.
Klin
g
n
e
r,
V.
P
u
g
a
c
h
,
a
n
d
M
a
rl
e
e
n
Rich
a
rd
so
n
,
“
Qu
a
li
tati
v
e
stu
d
ies
in
sp
e
c
ia
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Exc
e
p
t.
C
h
il
d
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
–
2
0
7
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
5
]
S
.
L.
Yu
n
iarti,
L
.
Ha
y
a
ti
,
M
.
R.
Zak
a
ria,
N.
E.
P
ra
se
ty
o
,
a
n
d
Nu
rm
iy
a
ti
,
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
g
u
id
e
:
S
p
e
c
ia
l
sc
h
o
o
l
p
a
rtn
e
rs
h
i
p
s
wit
h
f
a
mili
e
s
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
it
ies
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
.
Ja
k
a
rt
a
:
Dire
k
to
ra
t
P
e
m
b
in
a
a
n
P
e
n
d
i
d
ik
a
n
Ke
lu
a
rg
a
.
Dire
k
to
ra
t
Je
n
d
e
ra
l
P
AU
D d
a
n
Di
k
m
a
s,
Ke
m
e
n
teria
n
P
e
n
d
i
d
ik
a
n
d
a
n
Ke
b
u
d
a
y
a
a
n
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
6
]
J.
De
v
in
e
a
n
d
J.
C
o
h
e
n
,
M
a
k
in
g
y
o
u
r
sc
h
o
o
l
sa
fe:
S
tr
a
teg
ies
to
p
r
o
tec
t
c
h
il
d
re
n
a
n
d
p
ro
m
o
te
lea
rn
in
g
.
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
,
NY
:
Tea
c
h
e
rs Co
ll
e
g
e
P
re
ss
.
,
2
0
0
7.
[4
7
]
C.
Ll
e
ra
s,
“
Ho
st
il
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
li
m
a
tes
:
e
x
p
lain
i
n
g
d
iffere
n
ti
a
l
r
isk
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
e
x
p
o
s
u
re
t
o
d
is
ru
p
ti
v
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts i
n
h
ig
h
sc
h
o
o
l
,
”
J
.
S
c
h
.
V
io
len
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
–
1
3
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
8
]
M
.
G
.
S
a
n
d
e
rs,
Bu
il
d
i
n
g
sc
h
o
o
l
-
c
o
mm
u
n
it
y
p
a
rtn
e
rs
h
i
p
s:
Co
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
n
g
fo
r
stu
d
e
n
t
su
c
c
e
ss
.
Th
o
u
sa
n
d
Oa
k
s,
CA:
Co
rwin
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
9
]
W.
S
o
n
g
,
X.
Qia
n
,
a
n
d
B.
G
o
o
d
n
ig
h
t
,
“
Ex
a
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
ro
les
o
f
p
a
r
e
n
ts
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
p
ro
g
ra
m
s in
re
d
u
c
in
g
sc
h
o
o
l
v
io
l
e
n
c
e
,
”
J
.
S
c
h
.
V
io
len
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
3
–
4
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
0
]
E.
Les
n
e
sk
ie
a
n
d
S
.
Bl
o
c
k
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
v
i
o
len
c
e
:
T
h
e
ro
le
o
f
p
a
re
n
tal
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t,
”
J
.
S
c
h
.
Vi
o
len
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
6
–
4
4
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
2
5
-
1
0
3
4
1034
[5
1
]
C.
R.
S
e
m
iaw
a
n
,
S
ma
ll
n
o
tes
o
n
sc
ien
ti
fi
c
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
.
Ja
k
a
rta:
Ke
n
c
a
n
a
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
2
]
D.
B.
Da
v
a
lo
s,
E.
L.
C
h
a
v
e
z
,
a
n
d
R.
J.
G
u
a
rd
io
l
a
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
P
a
re
n
tal
S
c
h
o
o
l
S
u
p
p
o
rt
a
n
d
F
a
m
il
y
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
o
n
De
li
n
q
u
e
n
t
B
e
h
a
v
io
rs
in
Latin
o
s
a
n
d
W
h
it
e
No
n
-
Lati
n
o
s,”
Cu
lt
.
Div
e
rs
.
Et
h
n
.
M
in
o
r.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
–
6
8
,
2
0
0
5
.
[5
3
]
J.
Ru
d
d
u
c
k
a
n
d
J.
F
l
u
tt
e
r,
H
o
w
t
o
imp
ro
v
e
y
o
u
r sc
h
o
o
l
.
L
o
n
d
o
n
:
C
o
n
ti
n
u
u
m
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
4
]
A.
Be
c
k
e
r,
A.
De
Wet,
a
n
d
W
.
V
a
n
Vo
ll
e
n
h
o
v
e
n
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
ri
g
h
ts
l
it
e
ra
c
y
:
M
o
v
in
g
to
wa
r
d
s
rig
h
ts
-
b
a
se
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
v
e
a
c
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
d
ig
n
it
y
,
e
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
fre
e
d
o
m
,
”
S
o
u
th
Af
ric
a
n
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
5
]
L.
S
late
r,
“
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
-
d
ri
v
e
n
te
a
c
h
in
g
c
u
lt
iv
a
tes
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
c
l
u
sio
n
,
”
Ka
p
p
a
De
lt
a
P
i
Rec
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
8
–
5
9
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
6
]
L.
M
.
P
a
c
h
ter,
P
.
A
u
in
g
e
r,
R.
P
a
lme
r,
a
n
d
M
.
Weitzm
a
n
,
“
Do
p
a
re
n
ti
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
h
o
m
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
m
a
ter
n
a
l
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
,
n
e
ig
h
b
o
rh
o
o
d
,
a
n
d
c
h
ro
n
ic
p
o
v
e
rty
a
ffe
c
t
c
h
il
d
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
p
ro
b
lem
s
d
iffere
n
tl
y
in
d
i
ffe
re
n
t
ra
c
ial
-
e
th
n
ic g
ro
u
p
s?
,
”
Ped
i
a
trics
,
v
o
l.
1
1
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
9
-
1
3
3
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
7
]
E.
De
a
rin
g
,
K.
M
c
Ca
rtn
e
y
,
a
n
d
B.
A.
Tay
lo
r,
“
Wi
t
h
in
-
c
h
il
d
a
ss
o
c
iatio
n
s
b
e
twe
e
n
fa
m
il
y
i
n
c
o
m
e
a
n
d
e
x
tern
a
li
z
in
g
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
li
z
in
g
p
ro
b
lem
s,”
De
v
.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
–
2
5
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
8
]
T.
De
Jo
n
g
,
“
A
fra
m
e
wo
rk
o
f
p
rin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
b
e
st
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
fo
r
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
in
t
h
e
A
u
stra
li
a
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tex
t
,
”
S
c
h
.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
In
t.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
–
3
7
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.