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4
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c
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u
.
p
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
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g
r
o
w
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lab
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th
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co
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n
tr
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’
s
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
[
1
]
.
As
o
f
A
p
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2
0
1
7
u
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m
p
lo
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3
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3
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2
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I
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J
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Vo
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9
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No
.
2
,
J
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2
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2
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4
6
1
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4
68
462
T
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[
6
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1
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9
4
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HE
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in
co
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[
9
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,
j
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m
atch
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s
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as
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1
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.
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tr
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t
an
d
iter
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[
1
1
]
.
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n
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,
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ch
m
u
s
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cted
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p
p
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ies o
f
[
1
2
-
14]
.
Mo
r
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er
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e
in
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y
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s
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o
t
th
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to
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lati
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p
r
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g
r
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m
[
1
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th
e
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ev
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t
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g
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k
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ld
er
s
[
1
6
]
th
at
also
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n
v
o
l
v
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
itie
s
[
1
7
]
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d
s
u
f
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icie
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u
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g
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allo
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tio
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[
1
8
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,
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ain
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[
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h
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ig
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m
p
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ac
tical
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ad
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[
2
0
,
21]
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RE
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2
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1
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D
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ased
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[
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2
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23]
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2
4
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ter
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eq
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ir
ed
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
alo
n
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
,
l
ib
r
ar
y
,
a
n
d
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ac
i
liti
es
.
P
E
O
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
co
m
p
ete
n
cies,
an
d
g
r
ad
u
a
t
e
attr
ib
u
tes
th
at
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
attain
f
r
o
m
it
s
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
a
f
e
w
y
ea
r
s
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
at
io
n
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
of
I
T
r
elate
d
jo
b
v
ac
an
cies
an
d
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
IT
-
r
elate
d
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
a
n
y
f
o
r
th
e
las
t
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
w
er
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
its
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
tr
en
d
lin
e
.
I
d
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
tr
e
n
d
ca
n
h
elp
q
u
an
tita
tiv
e
l
y
f
o
r
ec
ast
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
ev
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
Fo
r
ec
asti
n
g
(
L
R
F),
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
-
n
e
x
t
f
i
v
e
y
ea
r
s
.
L
R
F
b
asicall
y
u
s
e
s
ti
m
e
s
er
ies
d
at
a
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
ast
v
alu
e
s
to
p
r
ed
ict
f
u
t
u
r
e
v
alu
e
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
HE
L
R
F
eq
u
atio
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
:
=
+
,
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
ast
v
alu
e
s
to
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
(
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le)
,
o
r
in
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
T
-
r
elate
d
p
o
s
itio
n
s
e
m
p
lo
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ed
b
y
th
e
co
m
p
an
ie
s
p
er
y
ea
r
,
is
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
th
e
lin
e,
w
h
ic
h
eq
u
als
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
v
a
lu
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
v
al
u
e
,
is
t
h
e
g
iv
e
n
d
ata
p
o
in
t
o
r
th
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
l
e,
in
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
it
is
th
e
y
ea
r
,
an
d
is
th
e
y
-
a
x
i
s
in
ter
ce
p
t o
f
t
h
e
li
n
e
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
o
cieta
l
in
ter
est,
m
u
ltip
le
cr
o
s
s
-
tab
u
lar
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
tati
s
tical
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
w
as
d
eter
m
in
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
te
s
t
with
a
f
i
v
e
p
er
ce
n
t
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
lit
y
lev
el
g
i
v
en
t
h
at
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
(
s
o
ci
etal
i
n
ter
est
)
ar
e
co
m
p
letel
y
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
ea
ch
o
th
er
an
d
h
as
n
o
as
s
o
ciatio
n
i
n
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Scie
n
ce
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
s
(
B
SIS)
at
C
SP
C
as
th
e
N
u
ll
H
y
p
o
th
es
is
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
s
tatu
s
of
C
SP
C
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
C
MO
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
alo
n
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
,
lib
r
ar
y
,
a
n
d
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
w
er
e
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
ata
tab
le.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
I
nte
llect
ua
l c
o
ntr
ibu
t
io
n
T
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
co
m
m
i
ttee
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
tl
y
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
e
P
E
O
th
at
s
h
a
ll
ad
d
r
ess
a
v
alid
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
k
ill
a
n
d
lif
e
-
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
t
w
it
h
th
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
tate
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
co
lleg
e
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
.
As
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
P
E
O
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
SIS
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
alo
n
g
t
h
e
C
SP
C
’
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tat
e
m
en
ts
to
b
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
its
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
t
h
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
a
f
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
B
SIS’
s
P
E
O
to
C
SP
C
’
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
ta
te
m
e
n
t
P
EO
M
I
S
S
I
O
N
*
1
2
3
4
1
.
A
p
p
l
y
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
f
b
u
si
n
e
ss
p
r
o
c
e
sse
s,
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
so
c
i
a
l
sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
t
o
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
e
si
g
n
,
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
,
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
,
a
n
d
ma
n
a
g
e
c
o
st
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
I
T
-
b
a
se
d
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s;
✔
2
.
D
e
mo
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
a
t
a
t
e
a
m
l
e
v
e
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
l
a
r
g
e
;
✔
3
.
Ex
h
i
b
i
t
e
x
e
mp
l
a
r
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
c
o
n
s
c
i
o
u
s o
f
so
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
e
n
g
a
g
e
men
t
;
a
n
d
✔
4
.
En
g
a
g
e
i
n
l
i
f
e
l
o
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
.
✔
✔
1
-
H
i
g
h
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
;
2
-
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
(
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
)
;
3
-
Ex
t
e
n
si
o
n
(
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
c
o
m
mu
n
i
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
)
;
4
-
I
n
c
o
me
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
(
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
)
T
h
is
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
i
n
ce
it
d
ir
ec
ts
an
d
d
escr
ib
e
s
th
e
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
to
ca
r
ee
r
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
I
t
is
e
s
s
e
n
tial
f
o
r
ev
er
y
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
to
h
av
e
a
clea
r
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
w
h
at
s
k
ills
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
a
n
d
w
h
a
t th
e
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
is
tr
y
i
n
g
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
it
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
ittee
m
u
s
t a
l
s
o
ascer
tai
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
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8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
1
-
4
68
464
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
P
E
Os
m
ee
t
all
m
is
s
io
n
s
tate
m
e
n
ts
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
ac
ad
e
m
ic
co
u
n
cil,
a
n
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
T
h
is
w
a
y
,
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
ca
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
allo
ca
te
co
lleg
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ad
eq
u
atel
y
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
w
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
p
o
ten
tial
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
s
k
ill
s
g
r
ad
u
ates
ca
n
o
f
f
er
af
ter
tak
in
g
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e,
w
h
ile
r
esear
c
h
er
s
ca
n
s
i
m
p
l
y
a
s
s
es
s
attai
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
E
O
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
v
al
u
at
io
n
[
2
7
]
.
3
.
2
.
I
nd
u
s
t
ry
de
m
a
nd
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
m
u
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
n
ee
d
s
.
I
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
w
ith
t
h
is
s
tat
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
Star
o
d
u
b
ts
ev
a
et
al.
[
2
8
]
,
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
ted
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
t
h
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
e
t
n
ee
d
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
ee
d
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
d
a
ta.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
ed
i
ctio
n
r
es
u
lt
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
I
T
-
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elate
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p
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h
e
n
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s
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r
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e
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m
a
n
d
f
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r
B
SIS
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r
ad
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at
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T
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elate
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itio
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th
e
last
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o
f
t
h
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in
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u
s
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An
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a
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f
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l
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c
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mi
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a
l
s fo
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a
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o
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t
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l
l
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o
mp
u
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a
l
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l
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s h
a
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4
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1
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3
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3
V
i
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a
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F
a
c
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Ev
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l
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f
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s.
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o
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l
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t
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n
e
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me
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p
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s i
n
st
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l
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d
e
a
c
h
a
t
I
TL
a
b
1
,
a
n
d
C
S
L
a
b
.
60
-
6
5
”
L
ED
T
V
i
n
st
a
l
l
e
d
a
t
r
o
o
ms 1
-
4
o
f
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h
e
A
c
a
d
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mi
c
B
u
i
l
d
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n
g
1
.
3
.
5
.
I
DAE
s
u
mm
a
ry
re
s
ult
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
5
ar
e
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
ev
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l
y
d
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ed
ac
co
r
d
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g
to
th
e
I
D
A
E
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
ai
m
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
h
r
ee
co
m
p
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en
t
s
s
h
all
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
to
estab
lis
h
a
f
in
a
l
d
ec
is
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n
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th
e
last
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m
p
o
n
en
t.
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n
th
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n
e
w
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
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r
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o
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ir
s
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th
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ee
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m
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n
t
s
ar
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m
aj
o
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id
er
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k
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ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
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o
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t
h
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la
s
t
co
m
p
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n
en
t.
C
o
n
s
id
er
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g
t
h
e
R
es
u
lt/
Dec
is
io
n
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lu
m
n
f
o
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th
e
E
s
tab
lis
h
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t,
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
i
n
d
icate
s
“
B
est
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
”
-
B
SIS
in
C
SP
C
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
est
s
th
at
t
h
e
HE
I
’
s
i
n
tellect
u
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
to
o
f
f
er
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
L
ik
e
w
is
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
also
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
d
e
m
an
d
to
f
ill
th
e
i
m
m
e
d
iate
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ex
p
er
ts
,
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
s
o
cieta
l
n
ee
d
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
in
te
r
est
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
al
u
e
h
en
ce
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
also
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
its
u
n
iv
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s
al
d
esi
g
n
to
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r
b
t
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o
r
tco
m
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o
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th
e
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r
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en
t
p
r
o
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m
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
ac
tices
in
d
icate
d
in
[
2
0
,
21]
.
T
h
is
im
p
lie
s
th
at
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
HE
I
’
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
d
is
ti
n
cti
v
e
f
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tu
r
e
s
,
co
m
m
o
n
alitie
s
o
f
p
o
licies,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
an
d
g
u
id
eli
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es i
n
d
ev
elo
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g
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n
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
p
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o
g
r
a
m
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
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ab
le
5
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DA
E
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m
p
o
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n
ts
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s
r
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lts
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o
mp
o
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e
n
t
R
e
su
l
t
/
D
e
c
i
si
o
n
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mark
s
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IFY
.
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h
a
t
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s c
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t
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s c
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o
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t
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t
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t
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s a
l
so
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e
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o
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e
n
d
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t
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h
e
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s
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e
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d
w
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s g
o
a
l
s a
n
d
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
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s
(
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
mat
r
i
x
)
.
D
E
T
E
R
M
IN
E
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
d
e
man
d
a
n
d
so
c
i
e
t
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m?
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o
mp
l
i
a
n
t
E
mp
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
g
e
n
e
r
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t
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o
n
f
o
r
I
T
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r
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l
a
t
e
d
p
o
si
t
i
o
n
s w
i
l
l
b
e
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l
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b
y
1
0
0
p
e
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t
st
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r
t
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g
2
0
2
0
p
e
r
f
o
r
e
c
a
st
e
q
u
a
t
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o
n
r
e
su
l
t
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
c
h
i
-
sq
u
a
r
e
t
e
st
r
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l
t
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g
g
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st
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t
h
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t
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h
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o
f
f
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n
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o
f
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a
t
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S
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s
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e
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sso
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i
a
t
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o
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o
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t
h
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st
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t
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n
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n
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o
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t
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e
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o
n
d
e
n
t
s
.
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S
S
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S
S
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
H
E
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’
s c
a
p
a
b
i
l
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t
y
o
r
st
a
t
u
s
t
o
o
f
f
e
r
t
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e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
r
e
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
o
t
h
e
P
o
l
i
c
i
e
s,
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s,
a
n
d
G
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s (P
S
G
)
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
C
o
mm
i
s
si
o
n
f
o
r
H
i
g
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
?
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o
mp
l
i
a
n
t
.
A
l
l
e
i
g
h
t
-
r
e
s
e
o
u
c
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s a
s p
e
r
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
C
M
O
2
5
.
S
2
0
1
5
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
1
4
w
a
s c
o
mp
l
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
.
E
S
T
A
B
L
IS
H
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
H
E
I
’
s e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss o
n
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
?
B
e
st
t
o
p
u
r
su
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
p
r
o
g
r
a
m.
D
e
si
g
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m (al
o
n
g
i
t
s
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s:
p
r
o
g
r
a
m o
f
st
u
d
y
,
c
o
u
r
se
d
e
scr
i
p
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
u
r
se
c
o
mp
l
i
a
n
c
e
mat
r
i
x
,
e
t
c
.
)
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
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u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m W
o
r
k
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n
st
r
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t
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o
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t
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t
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t
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mi
t
t
h
e
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t
o
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h
e
C
u
r
r
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c
u
l
u
m C
o
mm
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t
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e
e
a
n
d
g
o
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e
r
n
i
n
g
b
o
a
r
d
f
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r
a
p
p
r
o
v
a
l
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
DA
E
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
p
r
ac
tically
g
i
v
es
d
ir
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
C
SP
C
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
p
o
in
ts
to
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
th
at
it
is
v
iab
le
to
estab
lis
h
a
B
SIS
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
n
C
SP
C
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
i
n
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
d
e
m
an
d
a
n
d
s
o
cieta
l
i
n
ter
est,
a
n
d
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Gen
er
all
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t
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Seco
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p
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m
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p
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ev
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I
D
A
E
f
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w
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
4
6
1
-
4
68
468
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
h
il
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p
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S
tatisti
c
s A
u
th
o
rit
y
,
“
2
0
1
7
A
n
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l
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Em
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tatu
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2
0
1
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.
[2
]
W
.
De
p
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su
p
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,
“
1
m
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M
a
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a
T
ime
s
,
2
0
1
7
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[
On
li
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e
]
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
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tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
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a
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[3
]
G
.
M
o
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tt
,
“
T
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a
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:
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n
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sis
u
sin
g
P
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C,
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OECD
S
o
c
.
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lo
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.
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.
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[4
]
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h
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p
p
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S
t
a
ti
st
ics
A
u
th
o
rit
y
,
“
Em
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Ra
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2
0
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9
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[
On
li
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e
]
.
Av
a
il
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b
le:
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tt
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s://
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De
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2
0
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0
V
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2
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1
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.
[6
]
A
.
C.
Orb
e
ta
Jr.,
K.
G
.
G
o
n
z
a
les
,
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
S
.
C
o
rtes
,
“
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re
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u
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re
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to
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s
in
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lab
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m
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e
t
,
”
Ph
il
ip
p
.
I
n
st.
De
v
.
S
tu
d
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
M
a
rc
h
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
A
.
G
h
a
n
i,
“
Brid
g
in
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th
e
g
a
p
b
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tw
e
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in
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u
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ra
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u
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tes
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c
o
m
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ies
,
”
IOS
R
J
.
El
e
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tr.
El
e
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tro
n
.
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n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
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8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
O.
Ku
p
e
ts,
“
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
-
j
o
b
m
ism
a
tch
in
Uk
ra
in
e
:
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m
a
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y
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e
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le
w
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tertiary
e
d
u
c
a
ti
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n
o
r
to
o
m
a
n
y
jo
b
s
f
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w
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sk
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led
?
,
”
J
.
Co
mp
.
Eco
n
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
4
7
,
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e
b
.
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
Co
m
m
issio
n
o
n
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
“
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
I
n
stit
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y
In
stit
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ti
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n
T
y
p
e
:
A
Y
2
0
1
6
-
1
7
,
”
M
e
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M
a
n
il
a
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
A.
-
M
.
Za
m
f
ir,
M
.
M
.
M
a
tei,
a
n
d
E.
O
.
L
u
n
g
u
,
“
I
n
f
lu
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e
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e
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ti
o
n
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jo
b
m
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m
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tch
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n
w
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m
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g
h
ig
h
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d
u
c
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ti
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ra
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u
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te
s,”
Pro
c
e
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i
a
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S
o
c
.
Be
h
a
v
.
S
c
i.
,
v
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l.
8
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,
p
p
.
2
9
3
-
2
9
7
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
B.
S
h
e
w
a
k
e
n
a
T
e
ss
e
m
a
,
“
Un
iv
e
r
sity
-
in
d
u
stry
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
in
c
u
r
ricu
lu
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
b
a
n
k
in
g
a
n
d
f
in
a
n
c
e
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
’
a
tt
rib
u
tes
f
ro
m
e
d
u
c
a
to
rs an
d
i
n
d
u
stries
p
e
rsp
e
c
t
iv
e
,
”
Ed
u
c
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
Ne
p
o
m
u
c
e
n
o
,
“
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
a
rts
i
n
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
sti
n
g
:
A
re
se
a
rc
h
-
b
a
se
d
in
d
u
stry
d
e
m
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
si
s,”
2
0
0
5
.
[1
3
]
S
.
El
li
o
t
a
n
d
M
.
Jo
p
p
e
,
“
A
c
a
se
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
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e
-
to
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rism
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u
rricu
lu
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
”
J
.
T
e
a
c
h
.
T
ra
v
e
l
T
o
u
r.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
/4
,
p
p
.
2
3
0
–
2
4
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
I.
A
.
Bu
c
k
le
y
a
n
d
H.
Na
ra
n
g
,
“
A
stu
d
y
:
e
x
p
lo
rin
g
th
e
f
e
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
o
n
li
n
e
d
e
g
re
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
a
t
T
u
sk
e
g
e
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
”
Hig
h
.
Ed
u
c
.
S
tu
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Ka
tj
a
F
leisc
h
m
a
n
n
,
“
In
d
u
stry
-
d
r
iv
e
n
d
e
sig
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Ho
w
m
u
c
h
sh
o
u
ld
m
a
rk
e
t/
in
d
u
stry
d
icta
te
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
?
”
in
a
g
Id
e
a
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
:
De
sig
n
fo
r
Bu
sin
e
ss
,
1
st
e
d
.
,
M
e
lb
o
u
r
n
e
:
a
g
Id
e
a
s,
p
p
.
7
6
-
95
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
M
.
A
.
A
lsu
b
a
ie,
“
Cu
rric
u
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
in
c
u
rricu
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
Pra
c
t.
1
0
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
A
.
W
ie
k
,
L
.
W
it
h
y
c
o
m
b
e
,
a
n
d
C.
L
.
Re
d
m
a
n
,
“
Ke
y
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
in
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
:
A
re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
f
ra
m
e
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rk
f
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic p
ro
g
ra
m
d
e
v
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lo
p
m
e
n
t,
”
S
u
st
a
in
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
-
2
1
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
D.
S
.
M
a
rti
n
,
P
.
S
.
S
a
if
,
a
n
d
L
.
T
h
iel,
“
Cu
rricu
lu
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
W
h
o
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
n
d
h
o
w
?
”
Ed
u
c
.
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
.
,
v
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l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
-
4
8
,
1
9
8
7
.
[1
9
]
Bjo
rn
Biel
M
.
Be
lt
ra
n
,
“
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
re
f
o
rm
a
n
d
t
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e
P
h
il
ip
p
in
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
,
”
Bu
sin
e
ss
W
o
rld
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
On
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
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:
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].
[2
0
]
A
.
Hu
ss
a
in
,
A
.
H.
Do
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M
.
Az
e
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m
,
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n
d
A
.
S
h
a
k
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r,
“
Ev
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d
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m
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ss
,
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In
t.
J
.
Hu
ma
n
it
.
S
o
c
.
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,
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J.
M
.
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,
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.
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K.
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