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u
g
h
lin
e
W
eb
to
o
n
.
W
eb
to
o
n
is
d
ig
ital
co
m
ic
wh
ich
is
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
o
r
co
m
p
u
ter
/la
p
to
p
s
in
ce
alm
o
s
t
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
ter
/lap
t
o
p
[
1
7
]
.
W
eb
to
o
n
is
th
e
ac
r
o
n
y
m
f
r
o
m
web
s
ite
ca
r
to
o
n
,
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
is
a
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
im
ag
es
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
lin
e
[
1
8
]
.
W
eb
to
o
n
is
also
ca
lled
as
s
u
b
-
g
en
r
e
o
f
m
a
n
h
wa
b
u
t
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
d
if
f
e
r
en
tly
,
in
wh
ich
m
an
h
wa
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
p
h
y
s
ically
in
m
ag
az
in
e
o
r
b
o
o
k
,
wh
ile
W
eb
to
o
n
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
n
et
m
ed
ia,
u
s
u
ally
in
co
m
i
c
h
o
s
tin
g
s
ites
[
1
9
]
.
L
in
e
W
eb
to
o
n
h
as
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
lear
n
in
g
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
em
is
as
g
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ed
ia
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
ter
est
in
lear
n
in
g
an
d
its
ea
s
ily
-
ac
ce
s
s
ed
an
y
wh
er
e
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
W
eb
to
o
n
also
h
as
p
o
ten
tial
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
elf
-
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
f
ac
in
g
s
cien
tific
is
s
u
e
[
2
1
]
.
B
ased
o
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
c
o
n
d
u
cted
,
it
o
b
tain
ed
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
s
er
v
ice
wer
e
s
atis
f
ied
if
th
ey
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
y
d
esire
d
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
m
atter
s
b
u
t
also
im
p
o
r
tan
t
m
at
ter
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
ia
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
W
eb
to
o
n
r
ea
d
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
b
tain
in
ter
esti
n
g
th
in
g
s
,
b
u
t
also
o
b
tain
ed
in
ter
esti
n
g
th
in
g
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
o
th
er
r
esear
c
h
o
b
ta
in
ed
th
e
v
ir
tu
e
o
f
s
cien
tific
co
m
ic
wh
ich
is
its
b
en
ef
its
f
o
r
th
e
lear
n
er
s
to
o
b
tain
f
air
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t
in
co
g
n
itiv
e
asp
ec
t
[
2
3
]
.
C
o
m
ic
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
d
y
s
lex
ic
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
er
e
is
n
ee
d
em
er
g
es in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
in
th
is
f
ield
.
I
n
th
e
L
aw
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
Nu
m
b
er
1
4
o
f
2
0
0
5
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
T
e
ac
h
er
s
an
d
L
ec
tu
r
er
s
,
ar
ticle
2
0
s
tates
th
at
in
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
u
ties
,
teac
h
er
s
an
d
lectu
r
e
r
s
ar
e
o
b
lig
ed
to
p
lan
to
lear
n
,
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t a
q
u
ality
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
ass
ess
an
d
ev
alu
ate
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
d
u
ties
th
at
wil
l
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
n
ex
t
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
'
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
as
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
ass
ess
i
n
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
g
o
als
[
2
5
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
an
o
th
e
r
o
p
in
io
n
s
tates
th
at
ev
alu
atio
n
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
v
al
u
e
b
ased
o
n
d
at
a
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
-
tak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
b
jectiv
ely
,
an
d
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
ca
r
e
o
f
th
at
s
u
b
jectiv
e
elem
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
in
clu
d
ed
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
ev
alu
atio
n
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
two
s
tep
s
ah
ea
d
,
n
am
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
ac
tiv
ity
to
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
cr
iter
ia
an
d
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
[
2
7
,
28]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
h
o
w
f
a
r
th
e
te
ac
h
er
h
as
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
er
in
p
lan
n
in
g
th
e
n
e
x
t
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
9
,
3
0
]
.
Of
ten
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
i
g
n
o
r
ed
[
3
1
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
teac
h
er
f
o
c
u
s
es
to
o
m
u
c
h
o
n
wh
at
will
b
e
tau
g
h
t
to
s
tu
d
en
t
s
;
as
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
u
n
s
n
icely
an
d
n
ea
tly
,
b
u
t
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
n
o
lo
n
g
er
s
ee
th
e
tar
g
et
to
b
e
ass
ess
ed
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
ac
cu
r
ate
ly
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
m
ea
n
in
g
t
h
a
t
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
in
le
ar
n
in
g
,
a
q
u
ality
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
is
n
ee
d
e
d
[
3
2
,
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ar
r
an
g
e
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
W
ith
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
m
ee
ts
th
e
c
r
iter
ia,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
will
b
e
ad
eq
u
ately
d
etec
ted
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
ev
alu
atio
n
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
o
t
h
er
le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
A
test
i
s
s
a
i
d
to
b
e
g
o
o
d
if
it
h
as
cr
iter
ia,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
alid
ity
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
h
as p
r
ac
tical
v
alu
e
[
3
4
,
35]
.
T
h
e
lectu
r
er
s
'
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ak
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
d
id
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
c
r
iter
ia
f
o
r
f
air
test
ass
es
s
m
en
t.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
m
ad
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
n
Au
g
u
s
t
2
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
at
th
e
Op
en
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
b
y
co
llectin
g
test
k
its
wh
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
e:
1
)
Data
s
h
o
ws
th
at
a
t
o
tal
o
f
3
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
7
5
%)
a
r
e
i
n
v
alid
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
ten
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
2
5
%)
ar
e
v
alid
;
2
)
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
item
s
was
0
.
4
6
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
i
t
was
in
a
s
u
itab
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
;
3
)
T
h
er
e
ar
e
4
2
.
5
%
o
f
th
e
item
s
in
th
e
ea
s
y
class
,
4
0
%
o
f
th
e
item
s
in
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
an
d
1
7
.
5
%
o
f
th
e
item
s
in
th
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
co
u
r
s
e;
an
d
4
)
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
th
at
7
.
5
%
is
ter
r
ib
le,
4
5
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is
awf
u
l,
1
3
%
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t,
1
5
%
is
g
o
o
d
,
an
d
n
o
n
e
is
in
a
n
o
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ts
tan
d
i
n
g
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Fro
m
t
h
ese
d
ata,
it
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
n
o
t
m
et
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
in
v
alid
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
s
ti
ll
in
th
e
ex
ce
llen
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
el
o
f
th
e
item
s
alwa
y
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
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&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
D
ev
elo
p
men
t o
f W
eb
to
o
n
n
o
n
-
test
in
s
tr
u
men
t a
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
med
ia
(
Mer
y
B
erli
a
n
)
187
m
ee
t
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
m
a
n
y
o
f
th
em
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
as
b
ad
an
d
s
o
m
e
ev
en
v
er
y
b
ad
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
ter
v
iews
with
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tu
to
r
s
o
n
Au
g
u
s
t
2
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
at
th
e
Op
e
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
:
1
)
T
h
e
lectu
r
e
r
s
wer
e
o
n
ly
lim
ite
d
to
m
ak
i
n
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
v
alid
ity
,
r
e
liab
ilit
y
,
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
el
an
d
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
h
ad
n
ev
er
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
;
2
)
L
ec
tu
r
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
to
in
ter
p
r
et
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
;
3
)
L
ec
t
u
r
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
r
ig
h
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
;
4
)
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
th
is
y
ea
r
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
last
y
ea
r
m
ea
n
in
g
th
e
to
o
ls
ar
e
n
o
t
ev
alu
ated
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
an
aly
s
is
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
ass
es
s
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
test
to
o
ls
o
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es
to
m
e
asu
r
e
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
m
ics
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
UPB
J
J
Pek
an
b
ar
u
Op
en
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
th
at
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
r
ig
h
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
v
alid
ity
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
w
as
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
W
eb
to
o
n
n
o
n
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
n
o
n
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ad
ap
ted
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
e
l
s
tated
b
y
L
ee
an
d
Owe
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
ADDI
E
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
o
d
el
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
n
clu
d
e
an
aly
s
is
,
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
wer
e
5
5
s
am
p
les
with
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Valid
atio
n
was
d
o
n
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
wa
s
v
alid
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
r
esu
lt
was
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
alid
ato
r
an
d
v
alid
ity
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
non
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Valid
atio
n
o
f
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
t
u
s
u
ally
we
g
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ex
p
er
t
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
non
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
clu
d
es
:
1
)
d
id
ac
tic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
2
)
W
eb
t
o
o
n
co
m
ic
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
3
)
W
eb
to
o
n
c
o
m
ic
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
4
)
ea
s
in
ess
in
th
e
u
s
in
g
,
5
)
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
c
o
m
ic,
6
)
b
e
n
ef
its
,
7
)
i
n
ter
est
an
d
8
)
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
non
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
in
g
v
alid
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
f
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
t
ag
r
ee
m
en
t.
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
u
s
ed
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
4
,
3
,
2
a
n
d
1
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
ea
ch
L
i
k
e
r
t scale
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
[
3
7
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Mo
d
if
icatio
n
o
f
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
ev
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
S
c
o
r
e
Ex
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
4
S
c
a
l
e
4
,
i
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
g
i
v
e
s
st
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
3
S
c
a
l
e
3
,
i
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
g
i
v
e
s
a
g
r
e
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
2
S
c
a
l
e
2
,
i
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
g
i
v
e
s
d
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sa
g
r
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v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
1
S
c
a
l
e
1
,
i
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
g
i
v
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s
st
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g
l
y
d
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v
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l
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o
n
T
h
e
an
aly
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is
o
f
v
alid
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r
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lt d
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o
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in
(
1
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1
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E
x
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B
ased
o
n
th
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aly
s
is
r
esu
lt,
i
t
was
k
n
o
wn
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
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t
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elo
p
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d
.
T
h
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i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
f
ev
alu
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co
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id
er
e
d
f
ea
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ib
le
if
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
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≥
6
1
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T
h
e
c
r
iter
ia
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
co
r
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
[
3
7
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
r
iter
ia
o
f
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
s
co
r
e
P
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t
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C
r
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r
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a
0
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N
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l
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2
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4
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Le
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Q
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8
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F
e
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l
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8
1
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-
1
0
0
%
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
f
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
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&
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10
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No
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1
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Ma
r
ch
2
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1
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1
85
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9
2
188
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
item
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
em
p
ir
ical
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
d
eter
m
in
e
r
eliab
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o
f
in
s
tr
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m
en
t b
ased
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n
th
e
d
ata
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d
in
wh
ich
th
e
Qu
esti
o
n
item
in
an
in
s
tr
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m
en
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co
n
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id
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as
v
alid
if
th
e
co
u
n
t
Pear
s
o
n
co
ef
f
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t (
r
-
c
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u
n
t
)
is
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
e
Pear
s
o
n
co
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f
icien
t o
f
th
e
tab
le
(
r
-
tab
le)
[
3
8
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
an
in
s
tr
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m
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t
m
u
s
t
h
av
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m
in
im
u
m
s
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o
f
0
.
3
[
3
9
]
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
at
th
e
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an
g
e
o
f
0
.
6
<X
<
1
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
test
co
r
r
elatio
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
v
e
r
all
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
3
[
3
7
]
.
T
ab
le
3
.
I
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
test
co
r
r
elatio
n
n
u
m
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er
C
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r
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t
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r
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r
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a
0
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0
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0
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a
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w
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
u
s
ed
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
h
ee
t
in
clu
d
e
d
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
in
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
id
ac
tic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
,
W
eb
to
o
n
co
m
ic
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
W
eb
to
o
n
co
m
ic
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
ea
s
in
ess
in
th
e
u
s
in
g
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
W
eb
to
o
n
co
m
ic,
b
en
ef
its
,
in
ter
est
,
an
d
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
co
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
was
co
n
v
er
ted
i
n
to
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
v
alid
ity
lev
e
l.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
o
th
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
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[1
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M
.
Ng
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Riv
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Jo
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J.
Y.
P
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.
Ja
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T.
J.
Yo
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,
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[7
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Z.
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u
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a
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d
i
a
n
d
T.
P
.
S
a
d
o
n
o
,
“
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m
m
o
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ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
,
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p
a
ti
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li
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a
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i
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ia
in
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d
o
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sc
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li
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h
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sa
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v
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1
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.
[8
]
M
a
imu
n
a
h
,
“
M
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
Us
in
g
L
e
a
rn
in
g
M
e
d
ia
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
Al
-
A
fka
r
J
.
Ke
isla
m.
Per
a
d
.
,
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l
.
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.
1
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0
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0
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2
8
9
4
4
/afk
a
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v
5
i
1
.
1
0
7
.
[9
]
Z.
M
u
st
ik
a
,
“
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e
d
ia
u
rg
e
n
c
y
i
n
s
u
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o
rti
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a
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d
u
c
iv
e
lea
rn
in
g
p
ro
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e
ss
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
CIRCUIT
J
.
Ilm.
Pen
d
id
ik.
T
e
k
.
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e
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l.
1
,
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p
.
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0
–
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0
1
5
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1
0
.
2
2
3
7
3
/crc
.
v
1
i1
.
3
1
1
.
[1
0
]
D.
Erf
ian
t
o
,
W
.
P
.
Ra
h
a
y
u
,
a
n
d
D
.
D.
Ku
s
u
m
a
jan
to
,
“
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Blo
g
F
o
r
M
e
d
ia
Lea
rn
in
g
o
f
On
li
n
e
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
c
o
u
rse
s (i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
Bi
sn
is
d
a
n
M
a
n
a
j.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
7
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
A.
C.
Ha
y
k
a
n
d
U.
S
a
il
e
r,
“
C
o
s
m
o
p
o
li
tan
En
c
o
u
n
ters
P
r
o
v
o
k
e
A
Ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
Ha
b
it
s:
H
o
w
C
h
in
e
se
S
l
o
t
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
Affe
c
t
Ru
ra
l
Li
fe
in
G
h
a
n
a
,
”
Ge
o
fo
ru
m
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
–
4
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
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o
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:
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0
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1
0
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6
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.
g
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o
f
o
ru
m
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
3
.
0
0
5
.
[1
2
]
F
.
El
iza
,
D.
E.
M
y
o
ri,
a
n
d
R.
F
a
d
li
,
“
Va
li
d
it
y
o
f
A
n
d
r
o
id
-
Ba
se
d
Lea
rn
in
g
M
e
d
ia
in
S
u
b
jec
t
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
In
stru
m
e
n
tati
o
n
,
”
J
.
Ph
y
s.
C
o
n
f
.
S
e
r.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
8
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
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p
.
1
–
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1
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5
9
6
/
1
3
8
7
/
1
/0
1
2
0
2
8
.
[1
3
]
I.
M
.
Ne
g
a
ra
,
“
P
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
stu
d
y
:
Th
e
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
s
m
e
d
ia
i
n
tea
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
rn
in
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
b
a
se
d
o
n
stu
d
e
n
ts’
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
,
”
S
p
e
c
tr.
J
.
Ilm.
S
T
BA
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
0
1
4
–
0
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[On
l
in
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
:
//
jo
u
rn
a
l
.
stb
a
p
o
n
t
ian
a
k
.
a
c
.
i
d
/
in
d
e
x
.
p
h
p
/
v
o
l
1
2
/article
/v
iew
/3
9
/3
9
.
[1
4
]
J.
Ab
b
a
s,
J.
Am
a
n
,
M
.
Nu
ru
n
n
a
b
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
n
o
,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
S
o
c
ia
l
M
e
d
ia o
n
Lea
rn
in
g
Be
h
a
v
io
r
fo
r
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Ev
id
e
n
c
e
o
f
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
fro
m
S
e
lec
ted
Un
iv
e
rsiti
e
s
i
n
P
a
k
istan
,
”
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
il
it
y
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
3
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s
u
1
1
0
6
1
6
8
3
.
[1
5
]
N.
Ib
ra
h
im,
“
Th
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
b
e
twe
e
n
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
nd
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
wit
h
Isla
m
ic
re
li
g
io
u
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
lea
rn
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
Ter
b
u
k
a
Ju
n
io
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
L
e
n
ter
a
Pen
d
id
ik.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
M
.
De
wi,
Y.
R.
S
a
ri,
S
.
Am
n
a
,
R
a
sm
it
a
,
a
n
d
R.
S
u
sa
n
ti
,
“
Th
e
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
Lec
tu
re
rs
Ab
o
u
t
Th
e
Ne
w
Li
tera
c
y
in
I
n
d
u
strial
Re
v
o
lu
t
io
n
Era
4
.
0
:
A
S
tu
d
y
Ca
se
o
f
U
n
iv
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y
o
f
P
u
tra
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
YPT
K
P
a
d
a
n
g
,
”
J
.
Ph
y
s.
C
o
n
f.
S
e
r.
,
v
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l.
1
3
3
9
,
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1
,
p
p
.
1
–
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,
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0
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9
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d
o
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1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
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3
3
9
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1
2
1
0
5
.
[1
7
]
U.
S
u
m
a
n
jay
a
a
n
d
R.
T.
P
a
d
m
a
n
in
g
ru
m
,
“
De
v
e
l
o
m
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
h
e
m
istry
Web
t
o
o
n
f
o
r
lea
rn
i
n
g
o
f
m
a
c
ro
m
o
lec
u
le
m
a
teria
l
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Pem
b
e
la
ja
ra
n
Kim.
,
v
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l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
0
–
2
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
J.
H.
Kim
a
n
d
J.
Y
u
,
“
P
latf
o
rm
izin
g
We
b
to
o
n
s:
Th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
n
Cr
e
a
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Dig
it
a
l
Lab
o
r
in
S
o
u
t
h
Ko
re
a
,
”
S
o
c
.
M
e
d
ia
S
o
c
.
,
v
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l.
5
,
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o
.
4
,
p
p
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1
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1
,
2
0
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9
,
d
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0
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7
7
/
2
0
5
6
3
0
5
1
1
9
8
8
0
1
7
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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N:
2252
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191
[1
9
]
D.
B.
Ha
rm
o
k
o
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
S
u
m
b
a
wa
ti
,
“
M
o
b
il
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Web
to
o
n
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
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t
in
G
a
m
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ra
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Ne
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e
ri
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u
ra
b
a
y
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n
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h
a
sa
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v
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.
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1
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[2
0
]
R.
K.
Ja
ti
,
“
Th
e
d
e
si
g
n
o
f
Web
t
o
o
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c
o
m
ic
m
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d
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a
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)
o
f
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ra
d
e
e
lem
e
n
tary
sc
h
o
o
l
in
Jo
g
ja
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
in
e
-
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
Art
&
De
sig
n
,
2
0
1
7
,
v
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l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
8
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–
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9
4
.
[2
1
]
F
.
Affe
ld
t,
D.
M
e
i
n
h
a
rt,
a
n
d
I.
Ei
lk
s,
“
T
h
e
Us
e
o
f
Co
m
ics
in
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
In
str
u
c
ti
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s
i
n
a
No
n
-
fo
r
m
a
l
Ch
e
m
istry
Lea
rn
in
g
Co
n
tex
t,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
M
a
t
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.
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.
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jem
st.3
8
0
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2
0
.
[2
2
]
M.
-
B.
Kim
,
S
.
-
H.
Lee
,
B.
-
J.
Kw
o
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
G
im,
“
A
S
tu
d
y
o
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ts
o
f
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b
to
o
n
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ts
a
n
d
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o
o
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e
ra
ti
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e
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
o
n
Op
e
n
Co
l
lab
o
ra
ti
o
n
P
latf
o
rm
Us
a
g
e
,
”
In
t.
J
.
S
o
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w.
En
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.
it
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0
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.
[2
3
]
S.
-
F
.
Li
n
a
n
d
H.
Li
n
,
“
Lea
rn
in
g
n
a
n
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
wit
h
te
x
ts
a
n
d
c
o
m
ics
:
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e
imp
a
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stu
d
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o
f
d
iffere
n
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a
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n
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lev
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ls
,
”
In
t.
J
.
S
c
i
.
E
d
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c
.
,
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.
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.
[2
4
]
T.
L.
T
o
h
,
L.
P
.
C
h
e
n
g
,
S
.
Y.
H
o
,
H.
Jia
n
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,
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d
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.
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im,
“
Us
e
o
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o
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n
t
h
e
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
c
las
sro
o
m
,
”
Asia
Pa
c
if
ic
J
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
3
7
–
4
5
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
2
1
8
8
7
9
1
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
3
3
9
3
4
4
.
[2
5
]
V.
T.
K.
An
h
,
“
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
ls
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
ro
g
ra
m
:
S
tre
n
g
t
h
s
a
n
d
Wea
k
n
e
ss
e
s,”
VNU
J
.
Fo
re
ig
n
S
tu
d
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
–
1
4
9
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
5
0
7
3
/2
5
2
5
-
2
4
4
5
/v
n
u
fs.
4
2
5
2
.
[2
6
]
M
.
Un
terk
a
lms
tein
e
r,
T
.
G
o
rsc
h
e
k
,
A.
K.
M
.
M
.
Isla
m
,
C.
K.
C
h
e
n
g
,
R.
B.
P
e
rm
a
d
i,
a
n
d
R
.
F
e
l
d
t,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
o
f
twa
re
P
ro
c
e
ss
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
-
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
Li
tera
tu
re
re
v
iew
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
o
ft
w.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
9
8
–
4
2
4
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
S
E.
2
0
1
1
.
2
6
.
[2
7
]
C.
D.
Hu
n
d
h
a
u
se
n
,
D.
M
.
Oliv
a
r
e
s
,
a
n
d
A.
S
.
Ca
rter,
“
IDE
-
Ba
se
d
Lea
rn
in
g
An
a
ly
t
ics
fo
r
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
A
P
ro
c
e
ss
M
o
d
e
l,
Cr
it
ica
l
Re
v
iew
,
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ag
e
n
d
a
,
”
AC
M
T
ra
n
s.
Co
m
p
u
t
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/
3
1
0
5
7
5
9
.
[2
8
]
J.
A.
M
u
s
k
in
,
“
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Lea
rn
in
g
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
T
h
e
Cu
rr
icu
l
u
m
:
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
F
o
r
P
o
li
c
y
,
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
C
u
rr
.
Crit.
Iss
u
e
s Cu
rr
ic.
L
e
a
rn
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
9
]
I.
To
su
n
c
u
o
g
l
u
,
“
Im
p
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
in
EL
T
,
”
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
T
r
a
in
.
S
t
u
d
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
–
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
4
/j
e
ts.v
6
i
9
.
3
4
4
3
.
[3
0
]
A.
Az
is,
“
Tea
c
h
e
rs’
c
o
n
c
e
p
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
u
se
o
f
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
in
stu
d
e
n
t
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
s.
J
.
Ap
p
l.
L
in
g
u
ist.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
0
–
5
1
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
7
5
0
9
/i
jal.
v
2
i
1
.
7
2
.
[3
1
]
U.
F
a
iza
h
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
t
io
n
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
rs
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sta
ff
a
n
d
Isla
m
ic
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
lea
rn
in
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
Al
-
Fi
k
ri
J
.
S
t
u
d
.
d
a
n
Pen
e
li
t.
Pen
d
id
ik.
Isl
a
m
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
4
–
5
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
2
]
H.
Y.
S
u
h
e
n
d
i,
M
.
A.
Ra
m
d
h
a
n
i,
a
n
d
F
.
S
.
Irwa
n
s
y
a
h
,
“
Ve
rifi
c
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
As
se
sm
e
n
t
fo
r
P
h
y
sic
s
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Lea
rn
in
g
Ou
tc
o
m
e
,
”
In
t.
J
.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
–
3
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
4
4
1
9
/i
jet.
v
7
i
3
.
2
1
.
1
7
1
8
1
.
[3
3
]
D.
Da
rm
a
w
a
n
,
D.
Ya
ti
m
a
h
,
K.
S
a
sm
it
a
,
a
n
d
R.
S
y
a
h
,
“
An
a
l
y
sis
o
f
No
n
-
F
o
rm
a
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
T
u
to
r
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
i
n
Ex
p
l
o
ri
n
g
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
fo
r
S
c
ien
c
e
Lea
rn
in
g
,
”
J
.
Pe
n
d
i
d
ik.
IP
A
I
n
d
o
n
e
s.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
–
2
7
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
2
9
4
/j
p
ii
.
v
9
i
2
.
2
4
0
2
5
.
[3
4
]
E.
R.
Ard
y
a
n
t
o
,
M
.
W
in
a
rn
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ad
i,
“
Th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Kn
o
wle
d
g
e
In
str
u
m
e
n
ts
fo
r
P
JO
K
su
b
jec
t
fo
r
XII
g
ra
d
e
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
stu
d
e
n
ts
(
i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Pen
d
id
ik.
-
T
e
o
r.
Pen
e
li
t
ia
n
,
d
a
n
Pen
g
e
mb
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
7
–
1
9
0
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
5
]
Z.
Arifin
,
“
I
n
stru
m
e
n
t
Crit
e
ria
i
n
a
Re
se
a
rc
h
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
T
h
e
o
re
ms
(th
e
Or
ig
.
Res
.
M
a
th
)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
–
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
6
]
W.
Lee
a
n
d
D.
Ow
e
n
s,
M
u
lt
ime
d
i
a
-
Ba
se
d
I
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
l
De
sig
n
.
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
:
P
leiffe
r,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
7
]
S
.
K.
E.
N
o
v
a
n
t
i,
E.
Y
u
li
a
n
ti
,
a
n
d
V.
R.
M
u
sti
k
a
sa
ri,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
Li
tera
c
y
Tes
t
In
str
u
m
e
n
ts
fo
r
J
u
n
i
o
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
o
n
S
u
b
sta
n
c
e
P
re
ss
u
re
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
Da
il
y
Li
fe
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Pem
b
e
la
ja
ra
n
S
a
i
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
–
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
8
]
D.
Tri
a
n
a
a
n
d
W.
O.
Ok
tav
ia
n
to
,
“
Re
lev
a
n
c
e
o
f
Civ
il
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
trac
to
r
Qu
a
li
fica
ti
o
n
s
to
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
P
r
o
jec
t
Wo
r
k
i
n
Ba
n
ten
P
r
o
v
in
c
e
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Fo
n
d
a
si
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
2
–
1
9
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
9
]
J.
Nu
n
n
a
ll
y
,
T
h
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
Ch
a
n
g
e
in
Eva
l
u
a
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
:
Pri
n
c
ip
a
l
Co
n
c
e
rn
in
g
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
Exp
e
rime
n
ta
l
De
sig
n
a
n
d
An
a
lys
is
.
Be
v
e
rly
Hil
ls:
S
a
g
e
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
1
9
7
8
.
[4
0
]
J.
Jo
se
p
h
F
.
Ha
ir,
W.
C
.
Blac
k
,
B
.
J.
Ba
b
in
,
a
n
d
R.
E.
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
M
u
lt
iv
a
ria
te
Da
ta
A
n
a
lys
is
.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
P
e
a
rso
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
1
]
H.
Ak
h
sa
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Hig
h
e
r
-
Ord
e
r
Th
i
n
k
i
n
g
Tes
t
In
str
u
m
e
n
t
o
n
F
l
u
id
M
a
teria
l
f
o
r
S
e
n
io
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts,”
J
.
P
h
y
s.
Co
n
f.
S
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
6
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/1
4
6
7
/1
/0
1
2
0
4
6
.
[4
2
]
Na
sra
h
,
Ja
sru
d
d
in
,
a
n
d
M
.
Taw
il
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
L
e
a
rn
in
g
To
o
ls
Ba
se
d
o
n
C
o
n
tex
stu
a
l
Tea
c
h
in
g
An
d
Lea
rn
in
g
(CTL
)
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
M
o
ti
v
a
te
a
n
d
Im
p
r
o
v
e
P
h
y
sic
s
Lea
r
n
in
g
Ou
tco
m
e
s
fo
r
2
n
d
g
ra
d
e
o
f
S
M
P
Ne
g
e
ri
1
Ba
lo
c
c
i
P
a
n
g
k
e
p
(i
n
Ba
h
a
sa
)
,
”
J
.
Pen
d
i
d
ik.
Fi
s.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
5
–
2
4
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
3
]
D.
I.
S
isty
a
ri
n
i
a
n
d
S
.
D.
N
u
rtj
a
h
y
a
n
i
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
Th
e
Va
li
d
i
ty
o
f
th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
ro
b
lem
Ba
se
d
Ha
n
d
o
u
t
o
n
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
C
o
n
ten
t
Ch
a
p
te
rs Cl
a
ss
VII S
M
P
/M
TS
(in
Ba
h
a
s
a
)
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
Bi
o
l.
E
d
u
c
.
Co
n
f.
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
8
1
–
5
8
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[On
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
s://
ju
r
n
a
l.
u
n
s.a
c
.
id
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4
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.
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.
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ra
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5
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6
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sa
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7
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sa
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.
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.
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[5
8
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.
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ra
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u
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F
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2
7
9
8
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1
9
1
4
.
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