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I
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2
2
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8822
I
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Vo
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6
,
No
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1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
9
–
16
10
g
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k
n
o
w
n
as
“K
o
r
a
n
ic
a
n
d
Med
er
s
a
”
s
c
h
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
“M
s
id
”,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
o
f
to
d
ay
‟
s
p
r
esc
h
o
o
l,
p
r
o
v
id
ed
c
h
ild
ca
r
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ag
e
o
f
5
y
e
ar
s
o
n
[
7
]
.
Gen
er
ally
,
th
e
s
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
w
er
e
b
ased
o
n
an
o
r
ig
in
al
A
r
ab
o
-
I
s
la
m
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
“su
b
o
r
d
in
ate
to
th
e
r
elig
io
n
th
at
f
o
u
n
d
s
it,
leg
iti
m
ize
s
it a
n
d
d
ictates it
s
c
o
n
ten
t”
[
8
]
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
e
x
is
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
n
eit
h
er
to
th
e
ta
s
te
n
o
r
th
e
v
is
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
Fre
n
ch
co
lo
n
izer
t
h
at
h
ad
f
u
ll
y
b
ec
o
m
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
Mo
r
o
cc
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
o
o
n
af
ter
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
th
e
P
r
o
tecto
r
ate
T
r
ea
ty
b
et
w
ee
n
Fra
n
ce
an
d
Mo
r
o
cc
o
o
n
th
e
3
0
th
o
f
Ma
r
c
h
,
1
9
1
2
.
I
n
1
9
1
4
,
Fre
n
ch
co
lo
n
izer
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
c
h
an
g
es
to
s
er
v
e
t
h
eir
i
m
m
ed
i
ate
s
o
cial,
p
o
liti
ca
l
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
ter
est
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
s
c
h
o
o
lin
g
s
tar
ted
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
f
itab
le
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
Dis
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
ed
ch
ild
r
en
w
er
e
s
o
o
n
en
g
a
g
ed
i
n
v
o
ca
tio
n
a
l tr
ai
n
i
n
g
.
B
y
g
e
n
d
er
,
“g
ir
ls
w
er
e
o
r
ien
ted
to
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
e
m
b
r
o
id
er
y
an
d
ca
r
p
etin
g
,
b
o
y
s
w
er
e
eit
h
er
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
ag
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
th
e
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
ar
ts
an
d
cr
af
ts
o
r
o
th
er
m
a
n
u
al
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
m
aso
n
r
y
,
ca
r
p
en
tr
y
o
r
m
etal
w
o
r
k
in
g
”
[
1
0
]
.
A
t
t
h
at
t
i
m
e,
t
h
e
Fre
n
ch
co
lo
n
izer
d
id
n
o
t
tr
ea
t
th
e
h
e
ter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
li
v
i
n
g
i
n
Mo
r
o
cc
o
o
n
eq
u
al
ter
m
s
,
a
n
d
th
is
w
a
s
o
s
t
en
tatio
u
s
l
y
r
ef
lecte
d
i
n
t
h
e
k
i
n
d
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
e
y
in
s
t
itu
ted
b
ased
o
n
“
r
ac
e,
s
o
cial
clas
s
,
a
n
d
cr
ee
d
”
[
1
1
]
.
Fo
u
r
t
y
p
es
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
ls
e
m
er
g
ed
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
elec
t
iv
e,
e
liti
s
t
an
d
s
eg
r
e
g
ated
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
Fre
n
c
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
was
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
th
e
Fre
n
c
h
a
n
d
f
o
r
o
th
er
f
o
r
eig
n
n
at
io
n
alit
i
es,
th
e
I
s
r
ae
li
s
c
h
o
o
l
w
a
s
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
J
e
w
s
,
an
d
th
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
ch
o
o
l
w
a
s
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
Mu
s
li
m
s
,
b
u
t
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
r
th
e
“
i
n
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
”
an
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
r
th
e
“
s
o
n
s
o
f
lo
r
d
s
”.
Fra
n
co
-
B
er
b
er
s
ch
o
o
ls
lik
e
th
e
f
a
m
o
u
s
“
C
o
lle
g
e
B
er
b
er
d
‟
A
zr
o
u
”
(
1
9
2
7
)
w
er
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
l
th
at
th
e
c
o
lo
n
izer
cr
ea
ted
w
it
h
th
e
id
e
o
lo
g
ical
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
er
ad
icatin
g
t
h
e
A
r
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
I
s
la
m
[
1
2
]
.
B
y
1
9
5
6
,
th
e
co
lo
n
izer
s
e
g
r
eg
ated
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
lic
y
h
ad
r
e
s
u
lted
i
n
a
n
ap
p
ar
en
t
d
i
s
p
ar
ity
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ac
es
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
1
3
%
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
an
Mu
s
l
i
m
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
ch
o
o
l,
w
h
ile
th
e
Fre
n
c
h
w
er
e
at
1
0
0
%,
an
d
Mo
r
o
cc
an
J
ew
s
8
0
%
[
1
0
]
.
A
d
d
in
g
to
th
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
u
n
r
est
,
th
is
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
ato
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
to
w
ar
d
s
M
o
r
o
cc
an
p
eo
p
le
in
t
h
eir
o
w
n
c
o
u
n
tr
y
s
p
ar
k
ed
a
s
er
ie
s
o
f
s
tr
i
k
es
a
n
d
n
atio
n
a
lis
t
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
w
h
ich
to
o
k
p
lace
o
n
No
v
e
m
b
er
18
th
,
1
9
5
5
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
a
f
ter
m
a
th
o
f
i
n
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
in
1
9
5
6
,
th
e
m
ai
n
ch
al
len
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
late
Ki
n
g
Mo
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
w
as
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
a
Mo
r
o
cc
an
p
o
p
u
latio
n
h
a
m
p
er
ed
b
y
i
g
n
o
r
an
ce
a
n
d
ill
iter
ac
y
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
h
ad
to
p
u
t
a
n
e
n
d
to
th
e
co
lo
n
izer
‟
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
d
m
o
d
er
n
ize
an
ex
is
t
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
o
n
e
th
at
w
as
u
n
ab
le
to
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
Mo
r
o
cc
o
‟
s
p
o
s
t
-
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
.
I
n
1
9
5
7
,
a
r
o
y
al
co
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
w
as
co
n
s
titu
ted
,
a
n
d
th
is
w
a
s
f
o
llo
w
e
d
in
1
9
5
9
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
al
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
e.
B
o
th
w
er
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
t
h
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
f
o
r
g
in
g
“
a
d
o
ctr
in
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
w
id
el
y
k
n
o
w
n
b
y
it
s
f
o
u
r
p
r
in
cip
les
:
A
r
ab
izatio
n
,
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
,
u
n
i
f
icatio
n
,
an
d
Mo
r
o
cc
an
izatio
n
‟
‟
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
p
r
in
cip
le
s
,
s
te
m
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
a
n
atio
n
al
is
t
v
is
io
n
,
h
ad
to
s
h
ap
e
th
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
id
en
ti
t
y
an
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ge
n
er
aliza
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
t
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
ch
o
o
li
n
g
all
o
v
er
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
,
w
a
s
la
u
n
ch
ed
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
m
as
s
s
c
h
o
o
l
en
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t
p
o
lic
y
.
Un
i
f
icatio
n
w
a
s
ab
o
u
t
h
ar
m
o
n
izin
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
‟
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
le
s
.
“A
r
ab
izatio
n
”
m
ea
n
t
in
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
A
r
ab
ic
as
th
e
n
atio
n
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
p
u
b
li
c
s
ch
o
o
l.
“
Mo
r
o
cc
an
iza
tio
n
”
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
tr
ain
in
g
Mo
r
o
cc
an
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
to
r
ep
lace
t
h
e
co
lo
n
izer
s
ta
f
f
.
W
h
ile
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
e
m
er
g
ed
;
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l,
p
u
b
lic
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ate
o
n
e
s
s
tar
ted
o
p
er
atin
g
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
“
th
e
a
n
ar
ch
ic
h
eter
o
g
en
eit
y
o
f
t
h
ese
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
ein
g
A
r
ab
ic
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
ein
g
Fre
n
ch
-
o
r
ien
ted
,
an
d
t
h
e
th
ir
d
o
n
e
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
,
w
as
th
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
all
th
e
„
ills
‟
o
f
o
u
r
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
at
th
e
ti
m
e
an
d
to
d
a
y
‟
‟
[
1
3
]
.
T
o
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
n
e
w
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it
w
a
s
f
ir
s
t
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
r
ef
o
r
m
th
e
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
ato
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
in
h
er
ited
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
r
o
tecto
r
ate
to
m
a
k
e
it
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
all
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
an
d
co
m
p
atib
le
w
i
th
t
h
e
n
e
w
n
atio
n
alis
t
v
i
s
io
n
.
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
asp
ir
ed
to
b
u
ild
a
n
atio
n
al
s
ch
o
o
l
th
at
w
o
u
ld
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
izatio
n
a
n
d
r
ev
al
u
e
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f
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[
9
]
.
Ho
w
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v
er
,
to
r
n
b
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n
tr
ad
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I
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11
r
e
m
ain
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
an
id
en
tit
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cr
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s
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r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
in
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
aliza
tio
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
atio
n
alis
t
m
o
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e
m
e
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in
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les
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e
m
ai
n
ed
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
B
ain
a
(
1
9
8
3
)
,
“
an
ab
s
tr
ac
t
d
o
ctr
in
e”
o
f
t
h
e
v
is
io
n
o
f
it
s
au
th
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
o
n
e
t
h
at
d
id
n
o
t
s
te
m
f
r
o
m
d
e
m
o
cr
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n
s
tit
u
ti
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s
s
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lel
y
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u
th
o
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ized
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u
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an
d
p
r
esen
t
a
tr
u
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
j
ec
t
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
p
o
licy
h
ad
n
eit
h
er
a
clea
r
v
i
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
c
itizen
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
n
ee
d
ed
n
o
r
an
“
e
x
ac
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
to
u
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
e
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s
ti
tu
te
d
.
W
e
r
em
ai
n
ed
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
in
cip
les
-
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
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u
n
i
f
icatio
n
,
A
r
ab
izatio
n
,
an
d
Mo
r
o
cc
an
izatio
n
-
,
ar
o
u
n
d
w
h
ic
h
t
h
er
e
w
a
s
a
s
e
m
b
lan
ce
o
f
co
n
s
e
n
s
u
s
”
[
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
d
r
ea
m
o
f
c
u
ttin
g
ties
w
i
th
t
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e
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lo
n
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s
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ld
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t b
e
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e
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li
f
ied
Mo
r
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h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
t
h
e
f
ield
s
o
f
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
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d
ed
u
ca
tio
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ad
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esire
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o
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ch
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g
e
d
if
f
ic
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lt to
ac
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ie
v
e
[
1
4
]
.
3
.
SCH
O
O
L
G
E
NE
R
AL
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
ch
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o
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to
m
ater
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ze
in
1
9
6
3
d
u
r
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g
t
h
e
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eig
n
o
f
th
e
late
Ki
n
g
Hass
a
n
I
I
.
Sch
o
o
l
b
ec
am
e
“
c
o
m
p
u
ls
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r
y
f
o
r
Mo
r
o
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ch
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n
to
t
h
ir
tee
n
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
”
[
1
8
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
is
o
b
li
g
atio
n
w
as
n
o
t
en
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o
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lt
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f
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f
y
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n
ten
t
a
n
d
p
la
n
n
in
g
.
“A
r
ab
izatio
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”
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m
m
ed
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y
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ac
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ev
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o
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e
o
f
tr
ain
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h
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d
A
r
ab
ic
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r
r
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la.
Sch
o
o
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tic
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u
e
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a
lack
o
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ain
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ir
ec
t
o
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s
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g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
co
u
ld
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o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
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to
all
g
ir
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d
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o
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h
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g
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th
e
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n
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y
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w
h
et
h
er
in
u
r
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o
r
r
u
r
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o
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i
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to
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icits
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t
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ch
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lev
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f
a
v
o
r
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th
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p
r
o
li
f
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o
f
a
p
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ti
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w
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y
t
h
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Mo
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e
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[
1
1
]
.
As
it
w
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s
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if
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ic
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lt
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ee
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th
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“
t
h
e
f
ir
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t
„
p
lan
q
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i
n
q
u
e
n
n
al
‟
(
1
9
6
0
-
1
9
6
4
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
an
„
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
‟
s
ec
to
r
,
less
f
o
r
m
al,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
t
h
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
ch
i
ld
r
en
w
h
o
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
c
h
o
o
l”
[
1
9
]
.
„
Ko
r
an
ic
p
r
esch
o
o
ls
‟
h
is
to
r
icall
y
k
n
o
w
n
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
c
h
ild
r
en
to
lear
n
t
h
e
Ko
r
an
(
Mu
s
li
m
s
‟
h
o
l
y
b
o
o
k
)
b
y
h
ea
r
t
b
ef
o
r
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
ag
e
w
er
e
g
i
v
en
th
e
tas
k
o
f
teac
h
in
g
n
u
m
er
ac
y
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d
t
h
e
A
r
ab
ic
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
T
h
e
r
eli
g
io
u
s
teac
h
er
s
w
h
o
h
ad
to
teac
h
in
t
h
ese
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
m
o
d
er
n
p
r
esch
o
o
ls
w
er
e
n
o
t
tr
ai
n
ed
in
a
n
y
o
th
er
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
et
h
o
d
s
t
h
an
m
e
m
o
r
izatio
n
ap
p
lied
in
lear
n
in
g
t
h
e
Ko
r
an
[
7
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
ea
r
l
y
s
e
v
en
ties
,
“
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
b
o
th
i
n
t
h
e
cit
ies
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
s
tar
ted
to
b
ec
o
m
e
d
eser
ted
d
u
e
to
th
e
cu
m
u
lat
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e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
r
ep
etitio
n
s
a
n
d
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
,
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
a
n
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
ce
n
ter
s
th
at
led
to
th
e
attai
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
d
ip
lo
m
a”
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
m
ad
e
b
y
t
h
e
Mo
r
o
cc
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g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
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n
p
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o
m
o
ti
n
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
ce
s
s
(
1
.
3
6
5
m
illi
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n
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
1
9
7
5
,
1
.
9
8
5
m
illi
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
in
1
9
8
0
,
2
.
5
5
m
illi
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
ts
i
n
1
9
8
5
)
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
t
u
d
en
t
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ates
an
d
s
tag
n
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n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
Du
e
to
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eter
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atin
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g
co
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d
itio
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c
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l r
ep
etit
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n
r
ates (
3
0
.
8
% in
1
9
7
5
,
3
1
.
3
% in
1
9
8
0
,
3
2
.
3
%
in
1
9
8
3
)
in
cr
ea
s
ed
a
n
d
“
r
ea
ch
ed
a
le
v
el
th
at
ex
ce
ed
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
w
e
n
r
o
ll
m
en
t
s
,
th
u
s
m
ak
in
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
a
cy
cle
w
h
ic
h
w
elco
m
e
s
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
p
ar
k
th
e
m
i
n
s
tead
o
f
h
elp
in
g
t
h
e
m
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
n
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
”
[
9
]
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
s
c
h
o
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
h
as
alig
n
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
in
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
r
ig
h
t
o
f
ch
il
d
r
en
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
s
s
tated
i
n
t
h
e
U
n
ited
Natio
n
s
U
n
i
v
er
s
al
Dec
lar
atio
n
o
f
Hu
m
an
R
ig
h
t
s
(
1
9
8
4
,
ar
t.
2
6
)
,
as
w
ell
as
th
e
U
n
ite
d
Natio
n
s
Dec
lar
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n
o
f
t
h
e
R
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
th
e
C
h
ild
(
1
9
5
7
)
.
T
h
e
Natio
n
al
C
h
ar
ter
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
T
r
ain
in
g
[
2
1
]
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ef
o
r
m
lau
n
c
h
ed
s
i
n
ce
Mo
r
o
cc
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
p
lace
d
“
lear
n
er
s
i
n
g
e
n
er
al
an
d
ch
i
ld
r
en
in
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
,
at
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
lecti
v
e
a
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ica
l
ac
tio
n
.
Fro
m
th
is
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e,
it
h
as
to
o
f
f
er
to
th
e
c
h
ild
r
en
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
m
e
n
t”
[
2
1
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
t
h
is
r
e
f
o
r
m
i
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
“
g
e
n
er
alize
d
,
q
u
ali
t
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
all
ch
ild
r
en
a
n
d
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
in
p
r
esch
o
o
l,
f
r
o
m
a
g
e
4
to
6
,
an
d
in
p
r
im
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l,
f
r
o
m
6
to
1
5
”
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
9
,
th
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
la
u
n
ch
ed
a
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
E
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
P
lan
to
“m
a
k
e
c
o
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
u
n
ti
l
th
e
ag
e
o
f
1
5
”
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
E
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
P
lan
p
lan
n
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
in
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
,
“
in
ev
er
y
m
u
n
icip
ali
t
y
,
9
5
%
m
in
i
m
u
m
e
n
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t
o
f
ch
i
ld
r
en
a
g
ed
6
to
1
1
”
an
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
in
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
5
“
9
0
%
p
r
im
ar
y
co
m
p
letio
n
r
ate
w
it
h
o
u
t
r
ep
etitio
n
i
n
t
h
e
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
0
co
h
o
r
t”
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
is
f
ar
ah
ea
d
o
f
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
c
h
as
M
au
r
itan
ia,
Nig
er
,
Ni
g
er
ia,
P
ak
is
tan
,
B
u
r
k
in
a
Fas
o
,
etc.
,
an
d
it
i
s
ali
g
n
ed
w
ith
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
c
h
a
s
A
l
g
er
ia,
T
u
n
i
s
i
a,
th
e
U
n
ited
A
r
ab
E
m
ir
ates,
Au
s
tr
alia,
Hu
n
g
ar
y
,
etc.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
9
–
16
12
4.
SCH
O
O
L
WAS
T
A
G
E
A
T
P
RIM
ARY
AND
SE
CO
ND
ARY
SCH
O
O
L
L
E
V
E
L
S
I
n
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
r
ea
ch
ed
a
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
r
ate
o
f
“
6
3
.
5
%
in
t
h
e
4
-
5
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
as
ag
ain
s
t
9
9
.
6
%
f
o
r
6
-
1
1
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
s
,
8
5
%
f
o
r
1
2
-
1
4
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
s
an
d
o
n
l
y
5
8
.
5
%
i
n
th
e
1
5
-
1
7
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
”
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
w
it
h
n
atio
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
NGOs,
to
d
a
y
Mo
r
o
cc
o
h
as
m
ad
e
m
aj
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
k
in
g
d
o
m
w
it
h
a
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
r
ate
ex
ce
ed
in
g
9
7
%,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
UNE
SC
O‟
s
2
0
1
5
r
ep
o
r
t
[
2
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
c
h
o
o
l
g
e
n
er
aliza
ti
o
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
eq
u
alit
y
o
f
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
.
D
is
p
ar
ities
b
et
w
ee
n
g
en
d
er
a
n
d
ter
r
ito
r
y
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
h
in
d
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
a
s
e
v
i
d
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
“
1
2
.
8
%
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
n
atio
n
al
l
y
h
av
e
n
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
e
as,
w
h
er
e
1
5
%
o
f
b
o
y
s
an
d
3
0
.
7
%
o
f
g
ir
ls
ag
ed
15
-
2
4
h
av
e
n
e
v
er
in
te
g
r
ated
in
to
an
y
s
c
h
o
o
l s
y
s
te
m
at
all”
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
co
r
r
elate
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
w
i
th
th
e
lo
w
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
r
ates,
r
esu
lt
in
g
i
n
3
6
.
3
%
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
h
av
i
n
g
n
o
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
,
o
f
w
h
o
m
4
2
%
ar
e
g
ir
ls
.
5
5
%
h
av
e
an
av
er
ag
e
le
v
el
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
r
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
m
aj
o
r
s
,
an
d
o
n
l
y
8
.
2
%
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
p
o
s
s
ess
a
q
u
ali
f
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
ip
lo
m
a
[
2
4
]
.
Dis
p
ar
ities
b
et
w
ee
n
r
u
r
al
a
n
d
u
r
b
an
g
ir
ls
p
er
s
is
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
“
5
8
.
2
%
o
f
w
o
m
e
n
an
d
g
ir
l
s
ag
ed
1
0
an
d
o
v
er
h
av
in
g
n
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
all
in
2
0
1
1
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
n
l
y
2
9
.
8
%
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
”
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
d
is
p
ar
it
y
w
id
en
s
at
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
le
v
els
to
r
ea
ch
0
.
6
%
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
s
id
e,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
8
.
7
% in
th
e
cities.
Du
r
in
g
o
v
er
a
d
ec
ad
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
f
o
r
m
(
1
9
9
9
-
2
0
1
2
)
th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
‟
s
i
n
v
est
m
e
n
t
b
u
d
g
et
r
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
2
b
il
lio
n
d
ir
h
a
m
s
b
et
w
e
en
2
0
0
1
an
d
2
0
0
4
to
3
.
1
b
illi
o
n
d
ir
h
a
m
s
b
et
w
ee
n
2
0
0
5
an
d
2
0
1
2
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
an
a
v
er
ag
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
6
.
7
%.
Du
r
i
n
g
2
0
0
8
-
20
1
2
,
th
e
b
u
d
g
et
r
ea
ch
ed
3
.
9
b
illi
o
n
d
ir
h
a
m
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
ith
in
th
e
E
m
er
g
en
c
y
P
lan
,
co
u
p
led
w
i
th
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t‟
s
h
u
g
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
s
in
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
h
av
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
en
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t
r
ates
q
u
an
tit
ativ
el
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
f
ailed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
q
u
ali
tati
v
el
y
a
n
d
s
c
h
o
o
ls
co
u
ld
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
c
h
all
en
g
e
o
f
r
etain
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
eir
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
7
]
-
[
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
,
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l c
o
m
p
let
io
n
r
ate
r
ea
ch
ed
4
1
.
9
% a
t th
e
q
u
alif
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
le
v
el,
an
d
t
h
e
r
ep
etitio
n
r
ate
1
6
.
7
% a
t t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
le
v
el
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
co
m
p
letio
n
r
ate
in
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
9
0
.
2
%
in
2
0
1
2
-
1
3
t
o
8
7
.
8
%
in
2013
-
1
4
,
an
d
k
ep
t
f
lu
ct
u
ati
n
g
f
r
o
m
“
4
8
.
1
%
to
7
0
.
6
%,
to
6
5
.
6
%
in
b
o
th
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
c
y
cle
s
an
d
f
r
o
m
2
3
.
6
%
to
4
1
.
9
%
to
3
4
.
6
%
in
th
e
3
c
y
cle
s
:
p
r
i
m
ar
y
,
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
a
n
d
q
u
alif
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
”
[
2
6
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
n
atio
n
a
l
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ete
n
tio
n
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
7
]
;
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
1
5
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
ea
ch
y
e
ar
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
2
-
201
3
,
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ate
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ea
ch
ed
9
.
3
%
as
ag
ain
s
t
8
.
7
%
at
th
e
q
u
ali
f
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
.
I
n
2
0
1
4
,
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
lev
el
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
a
d
r
o
p
o
u
t r
ate
o
f
2
.
5
%,
an
d
1
0
.
6
% a
t th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lev
e
l,
an
d
1
1
.
9
% a
t th
e
q
u
alif
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
le
v
el
[
2
6
]
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
s
t
u
d
en
ts
‟
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
ts
ar
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
ep
etitio
n
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
I
t
is
as
s
ev
er
e
as
th
e
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
a
n
d
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ca
u
s
e
s
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
l
d
elay
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
“
it
i
s
t
h
e
r
ep
etitio
n
an
d
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
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at
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w
h
ic
h
r
e
m
ain
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ea
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y
q
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t
if
iab
le
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
l
w
a
s
tag
e”
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
l
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
a
th
ir
d
o
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p
u
p
ils
in
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h
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l
an
d
m
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th
an
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s
t
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t
s
in
s
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c
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i
s
ter
a
m
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m
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m
o
f
a
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r
‟
s
d
ela
y
.
Stu
d
ie
s
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
“a
m
o
n
g
1
0
0
p
u
p
ils
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
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f
ir
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ea
r
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f
p
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s
c
h
o
o
l,
o
n
l
y
8
8
r
ea
ch
th
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s
ix
t
h
y
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r
,
6
6
r
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ch
th
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3
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d
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d
3
5
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ea
c
h
th
e
2
n
d
B
ac
ca
lau
r
ea
te
y
ea
r
‟
‟
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
,
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
lev
e
l
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
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etitio
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r
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o
f
1
1
%;
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
es
w
er
e
1
6
.
6
%
i
n
t
h
e
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ec
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n
d
ar
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v
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d
1
7
.
9
%
in
th
e
q
u
ali
f
y
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g
s
ec
o
n
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ar
y
.
I
n
2
0
1
3
,
“
o
v
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t
w
o
-
t
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ir
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o
f
th
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s
t
u
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en
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s
(
6
8
.
8
%)
ar
e
b
eh
in
d
at
th
e
B
ac
ca
lau
r
ea
te
f
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n
a
l
y
ea
r
”
[
2
7
]
.
E
ar
ly
s
c
h
o
o
l
w
a
s
tag
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
lo
s
s
i
n
p
u
b
lic
f
in
a
n
ce
s
an
d
w
ei
g
h
s
d
o
w
n
“
th
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
State
‟
s
e
x
p
en
d
it
u
r
e
,
b
o
th
in
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t”
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
2
-
2
0
0
3
,
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
a
m
o
u
n
ted
to
MA
D
5
1
2
.
4
m
i
llio
n
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
s
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ep
etitio
n
t
h
e
State
tak
e
s
in
h
a
n
d
b
ef
o
r
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th
e
f
i
n
al
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
3
-
2
0
0
4
“
t
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
(
ele
m
e
n
tar
y
,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
a
n
d
q
u
ali
f
y
i
n
g
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
)
a
m
o
u
n
ted
to
M
A
D
2
.
3
b
illi
o
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
8
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
b
u
d
g
et
o
f
th
e
Na
tio
n
al
B
o
ar
d
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
y
ea
r
”
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
a
m
o
u
n
ts
to
an
ad
d
itio
n
a
l
co
s
t
o
f
MA
D
4
8
0
0
p
e
r
s
tu
d
en
t
in
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l,
MA
D
4
5
9
5
p
er
s
tu
d
en
t
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l,
an
d
MA
D
6
0
5
8
p
er
s
tu
d
en
t in
q
u
al
if
y
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l,
as r
eg
is
ter
e
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
1
to
2
0
1
1
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esch
o
o
l
le
v
el
h
as
n
o
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ef
o
r
m
s
,
g
i
v
e
n
th
at
o
n
l
y
7
0
0
,
0
0
0
ch
ild
r
en
ag
ed
4
to
6
b
en
ef
ited
f
r
o
m
th
i
s
n
e
w
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
1
1
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
is
th
at
p
r
esch
o
o
l
w
as
n
eit
h
er
ac
ce
s
s
i
b
le
to
all
ch
ild
r
en
n
o
r
co
m
p
u
l
s
o
r
y
,
an
d
it
s
g
en
er
aliza
t
io
n
o
v
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th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
w
a
s
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h
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lized
in
2
0
0
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as
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o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
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y
t
h
e
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h
ar
ter
,
n
o
r
in
2
0
1
5
as
p
lan
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
E
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
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lan
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
“
3
6
.
5
%
o
f
4
a
n
d
5
-
y
ea
r
o
ld
s
ar
e
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
y
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
,
a
n
d
6
8
%
o
f
g
ir
ls
h
av
e
n
ev
er
h
ad
ac
ce
s
s
to
an
y
p
r
e
-
s
ch
o
o
l s
y
s
te
m
”
[
2
4
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
esch
o
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
li
g
h
tl
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
w
as
“m
ar
k
ed
b
y
a
g
en
er
al
f
r
ag
m
e
n
tatio
n
”
d
u
e
to
a
lac
k
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
m
u
lt
ip
le
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
i
n
th
e
s
ec
to
r
.
I
t
o
p
en
ed
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
co
n
tr
ast
in
g
teac
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
l
ea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
Ko
r
an
ic
p
r
esch
o
o
ls
(
M
s
id
an
d
Ko
u
ttab
)
to
m
o
d
er
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ad
o
p
ted
in
cities,
s
u
c
h
as
“k
in
d
er
g
ar
ten
s
”.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
a
s
t
is
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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R
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SS
N:
2252
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8822
P
r
ima
r
y
a
n
d
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ec
o
n
d
a
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d
u
c
a
tio
n
in
Mo
r
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cc
o
:
F
r
o
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A
cc
e
s
s
to
S
ch
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l in
to
…
(
Zo
u
la
l Ma
n
s
o
u
r
i
)
13
m
ea
n
s
o
f
s
o
cializa
t
io
n
an
d
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
ed
u
c
atio
n
u
s
ed
[
3
0
]
.
Ko
r
an
ic
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
a
v
o
r
th
e
A
r
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
is
m
e
m
o
r
izatio
n
-
b
ased
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
-
o
r
ien
ted
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
a
m
aj
o
r
f
o
r
ce
ag
ain
s
t
i
llit
er
ac
y
,
an
d
o
f
te
n
th
e
o
n
l
y
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
lo
w
-
in
co
m
e
f
a
m
ilie
s
a
n
d
th
o
s
e
in
r
u
r
a
l
ar
ea
s
a
n
d
p
o
o
r
to
w
n
d
is
tr
ic
t
s
,
as
w
e
ll
as
o
th
er
o
u
ts
k
ir
ts
.
Kin
d
er
g
ar
te
n
s
ar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
s
tead
il
y
in
f
e
w
s
c
h
o
o
ls
i
n
to
wn
s
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
g
e
n
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d
y
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n
th
e
p
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lic
s
ec
to
r
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
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o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
C
h
ar
ter
a
n
d
th
e
E
m
er
g
en
c
y
P
lan
,
k
in
d
er
g
ar
te
n
s
u
s
e
b
o
th
A
r
ab
ic
an
d
F
r
en
c
h
an
d
lear
n
in
g
is
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
-
o
r
ien
ted
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
p
r
esch
o
o
l
(
f
r
o
m
n
u
r
s
er
y
to
k
in
d
er
g
ar
ten
)
h
as
b
ee
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
f
itab
le
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
e
g
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
f
o
r
d
ec
ad
es.
I
t
is
th
e
o
n
ly
r
eso
r
t
f
o
r
m
id
d
le
-
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
in
co
m
e
f
a
m
il
ie
s
w
h
o
d
o
n
o
t
ad
h
er
e
to
k
o
r
an
ic
p
r
esch
o
o
ls
.
Nee
d
less
to
s
a
y
,
u
p
p
er
-
cla
s
s
f
a
m
ilie
s
ten
d
to
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
e
n
e
it
h
er
to
Mo
r
o
cc
an
p
u
b
lic
n
o
r
p
r
iv
ate
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
b
u
t
ch
o
o
s
e
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
Am
er
ican
,
Fre
n
c
h
,
Sp
a
n
is
h
,
I
talian
,
etc)
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
m
is
s
i
o
n
o
f
p
r
esc
h
o
o
l
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
all
c
h
ild
r
en
eq
u
all
y
to
f
ac
ili
tate
lear
n
in
g
in
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
h
as
g
i
v
e
n
w
a
y
to
a
p
r
esch
o
o
l
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
‟
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
an
d
th
e
f
a
m
il
y
‟
s
“
b
r
ee
d
”
an
d
in
co
m
e,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
g
ap
b
etw
ee
n
ch
ild
r
en
a
n
d
s
er
v
i
n
g
a
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l in
eq
u
alit
y
,
an
d
s
o
ci
al
in
j
u
s
tice
b
o
th
i
n
t
h
eir
m
i
n
d
s
an
d
in
s
o
ciet
y
.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
e
f
f
o
r
ts
m
ad
e
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ef
o
r
m
d
ec
ad
e
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
el
s
,
s
c
h
o
o
l
w
asta
g
e
p
er
s
is
ts
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Hig
h
er
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
2
0
0
5
-
2
0
0
6
,
s
tu
d
en
t
r
ep
eti
tio
n
r
ates
r
ea
ch
ed
“
1
3
%
o
f
p
u
p
il
s
i
n
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l,
1
6
%
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
a
n
d
1
8
%
o
f
all
q
u
alif
y
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n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
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y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
r
ep
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
r
esp
ec
t
iv
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y
4
9
2
,
0
0
0
p
r
im
ar
y
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c
h
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l
p
u
p
ils
,
1
6
0
,
0
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
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t
u
d
en
t
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a
n
d
1
1
0
,
0
0
0
h
ig
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
‟
‟
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
x
tr
a
b
u
d
g
et
s
p
en
t
o
n
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ep
etitio
n
i
n
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
r
ep
ea
ter
s
s
lo
w
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
en
d
ea
v
o
r
an
d
lo
w
er
t
h
e
r
ates
o
f
n
e
w
e
n
r
o
ll
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
“
th
e
s
ea
ts
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
r
ep
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ter
s
in
t
h
e
p
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m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
w
o
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ld
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a
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o
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ate
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f
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r
esch
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r
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ill
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t
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
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d
w
o
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ld
allo
w
g
e
n
er
alizin
g
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
C
h
ar
ter
”
[
2
9
]
.
No
t
o
n
l
y
d
o
es
th
is
s
i
tu
a
tio
n
r
e
m
ai
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
lar
g
er
s
c
h
o
o
l
ac
ce
s
s
,
b
u
t
als
o
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
il
liter
ac
y
r
ates a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
3
1
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
‟
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
ch
o
o
l
d
o
es
n
o
t
g
u
ar
an
tee
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
p
letio
n
as
lo
n
g
as
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
f
ails
to
r
etai
n
th
e
m
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
2
0
1
2
am
o
n
g
c
h
ild
r
en
ag
ed
6
to
1
8
in
f
o
u
r
ac
ad
em
ies
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
r
ate
o
f
o
u
t
-
of
-
s
c
h
o
o
lin
g
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
e
s
e
ac
ad
e
m
ie
s
is
“
1
.
9
%
(
0
.
8
%
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
to
3
.
4
%
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
”,
w
it
h
a
d
r
o
p
o
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t
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ate
o
f
7
%
in
u
r
b
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ar
ea
s
,
an
d
1
0
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3
to
1
9
.
4
%
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
n
ea
r
l
y
all
th
e
c
h
ild
r
en
h
ad
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
ch
o
o
l in
itial
l
y
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n
d
th
at
t
h
e
d
r
o
p
o
u
t r
ate
later
r
ea
ch
ed
1
2
.
3
%,
“w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
n
ea
r
l
y
o
n
e
i
n
ei
g
h
t
c
h
ild
r
en
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l‟
‟
[
3
2
]
.
Sim
ilar
l
y
,
th
e
No
n
-
Fo
r
m
al
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
at
n
ea
r
l
y
1
.
1
5
m
il
l
io
n
c
h
ild
r
en
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
ar
e
e
ith
er
o
u
t
-
of
-
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
r
h
av
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
ag
ed
8
to
1
8
,
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
“
6
2
% g
ir
ls
,
9
5
% 1
2
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
s
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d
u
p
,
7
5
% in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
a
n
d
6
0
%
ar
e
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
”
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
5
,
ab
o
u
t
6
4
,
4
6
5
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
teen
ag
er
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ein
teg
r
ati
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
eir
n
u
m
b
er
h
a
s
s
o
ar
ed
to
9
0
,
0
0
0
in
2
0
1
6
-
2017
[
6
]
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
h
ar
d
f
o
r
th
e
State
to
m
ee
t
t
h
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
s
o
cial
d
em
a
n
d
[
2
7
]
.
5.
ST
UD
E
NT
R
E
I
NT
E
G
RA
T
I
O
N
I
NI
T
I
AT
I
VE
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
r
o
tect
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
f
r
o
m
f
alli
n
g
b
ac
k
i
n
to
i
llit
er
ac
y
,
th
e
C
h
ar
ter
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
th
a
t
“
ar
e
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
h
av
e
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
o
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t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l,
ag
ed
8
to
1
6
,
a
f
u
ll
n
at
io
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
”
[
2
1
]
.
1
2
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
ch
ild
r
en
s
tu
d
y
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ein
teg
r
ate
in
to
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
d
teen
ag
er
s
ag
ed
1
2
to
1
6
ar
e
o
r
ien
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
.
1
5
to
2
0
-
y
ea
r
o
ld
s
ar
e
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
t
o
g
et
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
ac
tiv
it
y
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
C
h
ar
ter
m
a
k
es
it
clea
r
t
h
at
“
t
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
m
u
s
t
ai
m
to
h
elp
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
an
d
to
g
iv
e
th
e
m
a
s
e
co
n
d
ch
an
ce
to
in
teg
r
ate
o
r
r
ein
teg
r
ate
i
n
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
c
y
cle
s
,
b
y
s
etti
n
g
u
p
g
ate
w
a
y
s
th
at
allo
w
th
e
m
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
e
c
y
cle
s
”
an
d
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
s
w
ell
as
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ti
m
etab
les tailo
r
e
d
to
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
[
2
1
]
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
last
d
ec
ad
e,
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
c
atio
n
,
in
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
w
i
th
ci
v
il
s
o
ciet
y
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
NGOs
a
n
d
in
te
r
n
atio
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
US
A
I
D,
UNI
C
E
F,
an
d
t
h
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
io
n
,
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
a
s
er
ies
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
No
n
-
Fo
r
m
a
l
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
en
h
an
ce
s
c
h
o
o
l
r
eten
tio
n
an
d
r
ein
teg
r
atio
n
[
3
3
]
.
Pre
v
en
ti
v
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
cl
u
d
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
o
cial
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
ac
ti
v
ities
(
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t)
.
C
u
r
ativ
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
li
k
e
“
R
e
-
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
”
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
“
Sc
h
o
o
l
o
f
Seco
n
d
C
h
an
ce
s
”
(
E
2
C
)
an
d
“
I
s
t
id
r
ak
”,
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
o
th
er
s
o
cial
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
s
u
c
h
as
“C
h
ild
-
to
-
C
h
ild
”,
“Car
av
a
n
”,
an
d
“y
o
u
t
h
s
p
ea
k
”,
[
3
3
]
,
all
o
f
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
eten
tio
n
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
“
T
a
y
s
s
ir
”,
a
s
p
ec
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
i
n
an
c
ial
aid
to
n
ee
d
y
f
a
m
ilie
s
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
h
as
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
e
n
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t
an
d
r
ete
n
tio
n
.
8
8
,
0
0
0
p
u
p
ils
b
en
ef
ited
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
p
r
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r
am
i
n
2
0
0
8
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2
0
0
9
an
d
7
3
0
,
0
0
0
in
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
1
2
,
a
g
r
o
w
t
h
r
ate
o
f
7
3
0
%.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
allo
w
ed
en
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t to
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
y
6
.
5
% a
n
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d
r
o
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ts
to
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ce
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y
1
.
5
% d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
er
io
d
[
3
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
9
–
16
14
A
lo
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
af
o
r
e
m
en
t
io
n
ed
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
“m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
ce
ll
s
”
w
er
e
s
et
u
p
in
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
co
llab
o
r
at
io
n
w
it
h
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
ci
v
il
s
o
ciet
y
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
“
D
is
tr
ict
in
s
p
ec
to
r
s
,
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
u
n
s
e
lo
r
s
,
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
co
o
p
er
ativ
e,
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
'L
‟
A
s
s
o
ciatio
n
Ma
r
o
ca
in
e
d
es
P
ar
en
ts
et
T
u
te
u
r
s
d
‟
E
lèv
e
s
‟
,
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
elec
ted
m
u
n
icip
alit
y
r
ep
r
ese
n
tati
v
es
‟
‟
[
2
4
]
w
er
e
m
o
b
ilized
alo
n
g
w
it
h
ac
ad
e
m
ics
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
i
n
t
h
is
j
o
in
t
s
c
h
o
o
l
r
eten
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
tu
r
n
ed
o
u
t
th
a
t
o
n
l
y
6
%
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
te
ac
h
er
s
a
n
d
8
%
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
o
r
ien
ted
p
u
p
il
s
an
d
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
ce
ll
s
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
n
ee
d
,
w
h
er
ea
s
7
6
%
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
an
d
5
4
%
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
n
e
v
er
d
id
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
latter
,
th
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
b
ec
au
s
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
ce
ll
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
p
er
atio
n
al
an
d
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
n
eith
er
tr
a
i
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
co
u
n
s
ell
in
g
to
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
,
n
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
s
u
ch
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
ce
lls
at
all
[
2
4
]
.
6.
I
NADE
Q
U
AT
E
E
D
UCA
T
I
O
NAL P
RO
G
RAM
AND
RE
L
A
T
E
D
I
S
SUE
S
Desp
ite
tr
e
m
e
n
d
o
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
m
ad
e
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
c
h
o
o
l
f
ac
ilit
i
e
s
an
d
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
(
e.
g
.
,
elec
tr
icit
y
,
g
ir
ls
‟
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
s
a
n
itati
o
n
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
etc)
,
s
tu
d
en
t
s
‟
lear
n
i
n
g
ab
ilit
y
h
as
f
a
iled
to
f
o
llo
w
.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
r
ea
s
o
n
s
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
l
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
s
te
m
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
's
i
n
ab
i
li
t
y
to
o
f
f
er
an
ad
eq
u
ate
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Mo
r
o
cc
an
p
u
p
ils
d
o
n
o
t
m
ee
t
n
a
tio
n
al
a
n
d
in
ter
n
a
tio
n
al
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
in
b
asic
liter
ac
y
an
d
n
u
m
er
ac
y
s
k
ill
s
[
3
1
]
.
L
ik
e
s
u
b
-
Sa
h
ar
an
A
f
r
ica,
I
n
d
ia
an
d
P
ak
is
tan
,
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
c
h
ild
r
en
in
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
ls
ca
n
n
eit
h
er
r
ea
d
n
o
r
w
r
ite,
w
h
ic
h
n
eg
a
tiv
el
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
t
h
eir
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
later
in
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
n
u
a
ls
a
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ica
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
a
v
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
ef
o
r
m
to
m
ee
t
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ill
iter
ac
y
h
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
i
n
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e,
an
d
to
d
a
y
7
6
% o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
r
ea
d
o
r
w
r
ite
a
f
ter
f
o
u
r
y
ea
r
s
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l [
3
5
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
T
h
ir
d
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Ma
th
e
m
atics
a
n
d
Scie
n
ce
St
u
d
y
(
T
I
MSS)
o
r
g
an
ized
b
y
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
A
s
s
o
ciatio
n
f
o
r
E
v
alu
at
io
n
a
n
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
A
c
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
(
I
E
A
)
in
2
0
0
3
,
7
4
%
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
ch
o
o
lc
h
ild
r
en
w
er
e
b
elo
w
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
le
v
el
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
P
I
R
L
S
in
m
at
h
an
d
s
cie
n
ce
.
W
ith
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
4
7
in
m
at
h
e
m
atics
an
d
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
0
4
in
s
cie
n
ce
,
th
e
y
w
er
e
f
ar
b
eh
i
n
d
t
h
e
in
t
er
n
atio
n
al
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
4
9
5
in
m
at
h
e
m
a
tics
an
d
4
8
9
in
s
cien
ce
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
1
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
w
as
r
a
n
k
ed
n
ea
r
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
t
h
e
lis
t
(
j
u
s
t
ab
o
v
e
last
-
p
lace
d
Y
e
m
en
)
w
it
h
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
5
5
in
m
a
th
e
m
atic
s
an
d
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
6
4
in
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
liter
all
y
las
t
in
r
ea
d
in
g
w
it
h
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
1
0
.
I
t r
em
ai
n
s
f
ar
b
eh
in
d
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
o
f
t
h
e
M
E
NA
r
eg
io
n
s
u
ch
as
Qata
r
(
4
1
3
/
3
9
4
)
,
B
ah
r
ain
(
4
3
6
/4
4
9
)
,
th
e
Un
ited
A
r
ab
E
m
ir
at
es (
4
3
4
/4
2
8
)
an
d
T
u
n
is
ia
(
3
5
9
/3
4
6
)
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
i
n
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
h
o
s
tag
e
t
o
p
o
liti
ca
l
id
eo
lo
g
ies.
Af
ter
a
n
atte
m
p
t
o
f
n
ea
r
l
y
th
ir
t
y
y
ea
r
s
o
f
“A
r
ab
izatio
n
”,
th
i
s
p
r
in
cip
le
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
a
f
ail
u
r
e,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
a
lo
t
o
f
h
ar
m
to
s
c
h
o
o
lch
ild
r
en
a
n
d
later
to
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
r
ea
ch
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
latter
h
av
e
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
s
t
u
d
ies
in
t
h
e
Fre
n
c
h
lan
g
u
ag
e,
t
h
e
o
f
f
icial
la
n
g
u
ag
e
o
f
teac
h
in
g
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
o
n
e
th
e
y
co
m
p
letel
y
i
g
n
o
r
e.
Af
ter
s
ix
t
y
y
ea
r
s
o
f
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
h
as
n
o
t
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
clea
r
-
c
u
t
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
p
o
lic
y
s
o
f
ar
.
I
n
all
t
h
ese
y
ea
r
s
,
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
b
j
ec
t to
p
o
liti
ca
l,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
d
eb
ates.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
Fre
n
c
h
h
a
s
f
i
n
all
y
b
ee
n
r
esu
m
ed
th
is
y
ea
r
i
n
p
r
im
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
as
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
i
n
m
a
th
e
m
atic
s
,
an
d
in
th
e
n
at
u
r
al
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
s
cien
ce
s
;
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
etain
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
ex
ac
tl
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
c
h
alle
n
g
es
Mo
r
o
c
ca
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
ac
ed
in
t
h
e
a
f
ter
m
ath
o
f
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
i.e
.
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
q
u
ali
f
ied
teac
h
er
s
,
a
lack
o
f
ad
ap
ted
cu
r
r
icu
la,
an
d
an
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
a
u
n
i
f
ied
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
etc.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
,
is
s
u
es
o
f
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
,
eq
u
alit
y
a
n
d
g
e
n
d
er
r
ig
h
ts
h
a
m
p
er
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
t
h
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Hi
g
h
er
C
o
u
n
cil
f
o
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
is
r
an
k
ed
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
s
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
,
w
it
h
7
3
%
o
f
s
c
h
o
o
lch
ild
r
e
n
f
ee
li
n
g
u
n
s
a
f
e
i
n
th
eir
o
w
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
[
3
1
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
Natio
n
al
C
o
u
n
cil
f
o
r
H
u
m
an
R
ig
h
ts
(
C
N
DH)
r
ep
o
r
ts
s
ev
er
e
in
eq
u
ali
ties
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l,
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
r
u
r
al
g
ir
ls
,
c
h
ild
r
en
l
iv
i
n
g
in
u
r
b
an
p
er
ip
h
er
al
ar
ea
s
,
an
d
ch
ild
r
en
w
it
h
s
p
ec
ial
n
ee
d
s
.
W
h
i
le
g
e
n
d
er
eq
u
a
lit
y
h
as
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
i
n
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
s
(
9
1
%),
it
h
as
r
ea
ch
ed
o
n
l
y
5
5
%
i
n
r
u
r
al
ar
e
as
[
3
0
]
,
w
h
er
e
“
5
8
.
2
%
o
f
g
ir
ls
an
d
w
o
m
e
n
ag
ed
1
0
an
d
o
v
er
h
av
e
n
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
in
2
0
1
1
,
ag
ain
s
t
o
n
l
y
2
9
.
8
%
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
”
[
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
“
if
1
2
.
8
%
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
h
av
e
n
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
a
n
at
io
n
al
le
v
el,
th
is
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
tr
u
e
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
w
h
er
e
1
5
%
o
f
b
o
y
s
an
d
3
0
.
7
%
o
f
g
ir
ls
ag
ed
1
5
-
2
4
h
av
e
n
e
v
er
in
te
g
r
a
ted
in
to
an
y
s
ch
o
o
l s
y
s
te
m
”
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
latest
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
“
i
n
ter
g
e
n
er
atio
n
al
s
o
cial
m
o
b
ilit
y
”,
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
t
h
e
“
Ha
u
t
C
o
m
m
is
s
ar
iat
a
u
P
lan
(
HC
P
)
‟
‟
in
2
0
1
1
,
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
f
ac
to
r
i
n
w
id
en
in
g
s
o
cial
d
i
s
p
ar
ities
.
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“
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(
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elec
tiv
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”
[
3
7
]
.
T
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tes to
th
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n
e
w
al
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f
t
h
e
elite
s
‟
‟
[
3
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8822
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RE
F
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S
[1
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Co
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6
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r
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M
in
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s 2
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3
‟
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3
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2
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3
.
A
v
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ro
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tt
p
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//
u
rlz.f
r/4
taa
[3
]
UN
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„„A
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l
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se
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situ
a
ti
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n
d
e
s en
f
a
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u
M
a
ro
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‟‟
,
p
.
7
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
A
v
a
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a
b
le f
ro
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l/
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o
9
A
e
w
[4
]
Ch
e
d
a
ti
,
B
.
,
„„E
tu
d
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u
C
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n
se
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d
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ig
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d
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M
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ro
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‟‟,
p
p
.
2
9
-
3
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
A
v
a
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a
b
le f
ro
m
g
o
o
.
g
l/
iCS
V
l
5
[5
]
Co
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S
u
p
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r
d
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l‟E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
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la F
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rm
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t
d
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la Re
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h
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S
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ien
ti
f
iq
u
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,
„„
Ra
p
p
o
rt
a
n
a
ly
t
iq
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.
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Na
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2
3
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.
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ro
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[6
]
[
M
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Ed
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Na
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7
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6
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ro
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VP7
9
O
[7
]
El
A
n
d
a
lo
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ss
i
,
K
.
,
„„
Dé
v
e
lo
p
p
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m
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l‟éd
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ti
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sc
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laire
:
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a
li
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ti
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,
Ra
p
p
o
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2
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5
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2
7
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2
0
0
5
.
A
v
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a
b
le
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
/
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[8
]
Ba
m
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
M
.,
„„
L
e
p
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sc
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laire
:
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R
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a
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In
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6
,
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5
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A
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ro
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l/
HP
L
x
p
o
[9
]
S
o
u
a
li
,
M
.
,
„„
L
'
in
stit
u
ti
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n
n
a
li
sa
ti
o
n
d
u
s
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m
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M
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Ha
r
m
a
tt
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n
,
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6
7
,
p
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3
6
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p
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9
9
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2
0
0
4
.
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0
]
Zo
u
g
g
a
ri,
A
.
,
„„L
e
s
y
st
è
m
e
d
‟e
n
se
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n
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m
e
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so
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F
ra
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In
Ra
p
p
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2
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5
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p
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4
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4
5
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
Av
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b
le f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
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u
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r/4
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[1
1
]
El
G
h
a
rb
a
o
u
i,
A
.
,
„„L
‟é
c
h
e
c
tren
ten
a
ire
d
e
la
p
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u
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f
f
ici
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ll
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m
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c
o
ll
o
q
u
e
o
rg
a
n
isé
p
a
r
le p
a
rti
d
u
P
ro
g
rè
s et d
u
S
o
c
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e
(P
P
S
),
2
5
-
2
6
m
a
i
1
9
8
4
à
Ra
b
a
,
é
d
it
i
o
n
s A
l
Ba
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e
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
-
2
5
7
,
1
9
8
5
.
[1
2
]
M
o
a
tas
sim
e
,
M
.
,
„„
Du
Da
h
ir
Be
r
b
è
re
a
u
m
a
n
ifes
te d
e
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n
d
a
n
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e
‟‟,
L
ib
ra
iri
e
Da
r
A
ss
a
la
m
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
L
a
h
lo
u
,
L
.
,
„„
L
a
lo
n
g
u
e
m
a
r
c
h
e
d
u
d
isp
o
si
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f
é
d
u
c
a
ti
f
e
t
d
e
l‟u
n
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e
rsité
a
u
M
a
ro
c
:
d
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la
Qu
a
r
a
w
i
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in
à
2
0
0
9
‟‟,
Ed
it
i
o
n
B
o
u
re
g
ra
g
,
p
.
3
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
Al
-
Ja
b
ri,
M
.
A
,
„„L
‟e
n
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
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n
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les
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ly
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li
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q
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d
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ig
n
e
m
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t
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u
M
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ro
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T
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A
lg
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rie‟‟,
Ca
s
a
b
lan
c
a
:
Da
r
En
n
a
c
h
r
A
l
M
a
g
h
rib
ia,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
5
]
Ba
in
a
,
A
.
,
„„
L
e
s
y
st
è
m
e
d
e
l‟en
s
e
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t
a
u
M
a
ro
c
,
les
In
stru
m
e
n
ts
id
é
o
lo
g
iq
u
e
s
-
L
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o
n
c
ti
o
n
n
e
m
e
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t
in
tern
e
‟‟,
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
,
P
re
ss
e
d
e
s E
d
it
io
n
s
M
a
g
h
ré
b
in
e
s,
T
o
m
e
1
,
1
9
8
1
.
[1
6
]
Be
n
h
lal,
M
,
„„
L
e
c
o
ll
è
g
e
d
'
A
z
ro
u
:
u
n
e
é
li
te
b
e
rb
è
re
c
iv
il
e
e
t
m
il
it
a
ire
a
u
M
a
ro
c
,
1
9
2
7
-
1
9
5
9
‟‟,
K
a
rth
a
la
Ed
it
io
n
s,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
7
]
Ba
in
a
,
A
.
,
„„L
a
p
h
y
sio
n
o
m
ie
d
u
s
y
stè
m
e
d
e
l‟en
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t
a
u
M
a
ro
c
‟‟,
P
re
ss
e
d
e
s
Ed
it
io
n
s
M
a
g
h
r
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b
in
e
s,
T
o
m
e
1
.
V
.
I
,
p
.
1
4
2
,
1
9
8
3
.
[1
8
]
Da
h
ir
n
°
1
-
63
-
0
7
1
,
„„1
3
n
o
v
e
m
b
r
e
1
9
6
3
re
latif
à
l'
o
b
li
g
a
ti
o
n
d
e
l'
e
n
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t‟‟
,
1
9
6
3
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
a
x
l.
c
e
fa
n
.
u
lav
a
l.
c
a
/a
friq
u
e
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a
ro
c
-
d
a
h
ir
-
01
-
63
-
1
9
6
3
.
h
t
m
[1
9
]
El
M
a
ss
lo
u
t,
M
.
,
„„
L
‟in
stit
u
ti
o
n
n
a
li
sa
ti
o
n
d
u
sy
stè
m
e
d
e
l‟en
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t
a
u
M
a
ro
c
.
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
d
‟
u
n
e
p
o
li
ti
q
u
e
é
d
u
c
a
ti
v
e
‟‟,
P
ré
-
p
re
ss
e
:
Diw
a
n
3
0
0
0
,
Ra
b
a
t.
L
‟Ha
r
m
a
tt
a
n
,
p
.
3
6
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
0
]
L
a
h
b
a
b
i,
M
.
,
„„L
e
s an
n
é
e
s q
u
a
tre
-
v
in
g
t
d
e
n
o
tre j
e
u
n
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ss
e
‟‟,
Ed
it
io
n
s m
a
g
h
ré
b
in
e
s,
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
,
p
.
5
7
,
1
9
7
0
.
[2
1
]
Ch
a
rte
Na
ti
o
n
a
le
d
‟Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
e
t
d
e
F
o
rm
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ti
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n
,
Ro
y
a
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m
e
d
u
M
a
ro
c
,
Co
m
m
issio
n
S
p
é
c
iale
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
a
rt.
6
,
a
rt.
2
4
,
a
rt.
3
6
,
1
9
9
9
.
A
v
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a
b
le f
ro
m
ww
w
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d
f
c
.
g
o
v
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m
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[2
2
]
P
la
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d
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e
n
c
e
,
„„P
o
u
r
u
n
e
Ed
u
c
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ti
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In
c
l
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siv
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,
M
in
istère
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ti
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a
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1
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2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
2
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A
v
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a
b
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f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
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a
[2
3
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M
in
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d
e
l‟
En
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t
S
u
p
é
rieu
r,
d
e
la
F
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ti
o
n
d
e
s
Ca
d
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s
e
t
d
e
la
Re
c
h
e
rc
h
e
S
c
ien
ti
f
iq
u
e
,
„„Ra
p
p
o
rt
ré
su
m
é
d
u
p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
e
d
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rg
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n
c
e
2
0
0
8
-
2
0
0
9
‟‟,
Esp
a
c
e
.
1
,
p
.
1
1
,
2
0
0
8
-
2
0
0
9
.
A
v
a
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a
b
le f
ro
m
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tt
p
:/
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u
rl
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f
r/4
tak
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
9
–
16
16
[2
4
]
UN
ICEF
,
„„
S
it
u
a
ti
o
n
d
e
s en
f
a
n
ts
e
t
d
e
s fe
m
m
e
s au
M
a
ro
c
.
A
n
a
l
y
se
se
lo
n
l‟ap
p
r
o
c
h
e
é
q
u
i
té‟‟
,
Ob
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
s Dro
it
s d
e
l‟E
n
f
a
n
t,
p
p
.
7
2
-
7
4
,
p
.
3
2
,
p
.
8
1
,
p
.
2
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
UN
ES
CO,
„„Ra
p
p
o
rt
m
o
n
d
ial
d
e
su
iv
i
su
r
l‟E
P
T
.
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
p
o
u
r
t
o
u
s
2
0
0
0
-
2
0
1
5
:
P
ro
g
rè
s
e
t
En
je
u
x
‟‟
,
p
.
2
2
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
Av
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
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n
e
sd
o
c
.
u
n
e
sc
o
.
o
rg
/i
m
a
g
e
s/0
0
2
3
/
0
0
2
3
2
4
/
2
3
2
4
3
3
f
.
p
d
f
[2
6
]
M
in
istère
d
e
l‟
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Na
ti
o
n
a
le,
„„I
n
d
ica
teu
rs
d
e
l‟éd
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
Dire
c
ti
o
n
d
e
la
stra
tég
ie,
d
e
s
sta
ti
stiq
u
e
s
e
t
d
e
la p
lan
if
ica
ti
o
n
d
iv
isi
o
n
d
e
s étu
d
e
s et d
e
s sta
ti
sti
q
u
e
s‟‟,
p
.
2
0
,
p
.
1
6
,
2
0
1
4
a
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
/
u
rlz.f
r/4
tac
[2
7
]
Co
n
se
il
S
u
p
é
rieu
r
d
e
L
‟En
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t,
d
e
la
F
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
e
s
C
a
d
re
s
e
t
d
e
la
Re
c
h
e
rc
h
e
S
c
ien
ti
f
iq
u
e
,
„„Ra
p
p
o
rt
A
n
a
l
y
ti
q
u
e
,
A
tl
a
s,
2
0
0
0
-
2
0
1
3
‟‟
,
p
.
3
7
,
p
.
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
8
]
Ro
y
a
u
m
e
d
u
M
a
ro
c
,
P
la
n
Qu
i
n
q
u
e
n
n
a
l,
1
9
6
8
-
1
9
7
2
,
V
.
II
,
p
.
5
7
2
.
[2
9
]
Ch
e
d
a
ti
,
B.
,
„„
P
o
u
r
u
n
e
stra
tég
ie
n
a
ti
o
n
a
le
d
e
l
u
tt
e
c
o
n
tre
l‟ab
a
n
d
o
n
sc
o
laire
:
é
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
d
e
s
a
c
ti
v
it
é
s
d
u
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
g
o
u
v
e
rn
e
m
e
n
t
d
u
M
a
ro
c
-
UN
ICE
F
‟‟,
p
.
2
6
,
2
0
0
4
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
g
o
o
.
g
l/
b
G
0
D9
N
[3
0
]
CND
H,
„„P
o
u
r
u
n
d
r
o
it
é
g
a
l
e
t
é
q
u
it
a
b
le
à
l‟é
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
e
t
à
la
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
‟‟
,
S
é
rie
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
a
u
d
é
b
a
t
p
u
b
li
c
-
N°
6
,
p
.
4
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
g
o
o
.
g
l/
BiJL
N
y
[3
1
]
Co
n
se
il
S
u
p
é
rieu
r
d
e
L
‟En
se
ig
n
e
m
e
n
t,
d
e
la
F
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
e
s
Ca
d
re
s
e
t
d
e
la
Re
c
h
e
rc
h
e
S
c
ien
ti
f
iq
u
e
,
„„Ra
p
p
o
rt
a
n
a
ly
ti
q
u
e
.
Et
a
t
e
t
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
d
e
s
y
st
è
m
e
d
‟é
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
e
t
d
e
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
‟‟
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
p
.
5
5
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
6
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
g
o
o
.
g
l/
2
2
UG
V
K
[3
2
]
Dire
c
ti
o
n
d
e
l‟E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
n
o
n
-
f
o
rm
e
ll
e
,
„„A
p
p
u
i
à
l‟éla
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
d
u
d
isp
o
si
ti
f
d
e
re
c
e
n
se
m
e
n
t
e
t
a
c
tu
a
li
sa
ti
o
n
d
e
la
ty
p
o
lo
g
ie
d
e
s
e
n
f
a
n
ts
n
o
n
sc
o
lari
sé
s/d
é
sc
o
larisé
s
a
u
M
a
ro
c
:
Ra
p
p
o
rt
F
i
n
a
l
d
e
la
P
h
a
se
II‟‟,
p
.
1
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
g
o
o
.
g
l
/f
C7
2
A
h
[3
3
]
M
in
istère
d
e
l‟E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Na
ti
o
n
a
le,
„„Bil
a
n
e
t
stra
tég
ie
d
e
d
é
v
e
lo
p
p
e
m
e
n
t
d
e
l‟éd
u
c
a
ti
o
n
n
o
n
f
o
rm
e
ll
e
‟‟,
p
.
9
,
p
.
1
3
,
p
.
2
2
,
2
0
1
4
b
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
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[3
4
]
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
r
A
ll
,
„„Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
p
o
rt
(
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
5
)‟‟
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
A
ll
2
0
1
5
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
v
iew
,
p
.
3
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
/
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p
d
f
[3
5
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El
a
f
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,
N.,
„„L
a
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f
o
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m
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d
e
l‟éd
u
c
a
ti
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e
x
p
li
q
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e
p
a
r
Ra
c
h
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d
Be
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o
k
h
tar‟‟,
(
2
0
1
5
)
.
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v
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p
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[3
6
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T
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&
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,
„„T
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&
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2
0
1
1
a
c
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m
e
n
t
re
su
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s in
re
a
d
in
g
‟‟,
2
0
1
1
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
h
tt
p
:/
/
u
rlz.f
r/4
taC
[3
7
]
Ha
u
t
Co
m
m
issa
ri
a
t
a
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la
n
(H
CP
)
,
„„L
a
m
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it
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so
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in
ter
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p
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1
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,
2
0
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B
I
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G
RAP
H
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Zo
u
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M
a
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so
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is
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d
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to
ra
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stu
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n
t
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Be
n
M
'
S
ik
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Letters
a
n
d
Hu
m
a
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
lo
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g
sta
n
d
in
g
i
n
tere
st
in
st
u
d
e
n
ts'
a
ff
a
irs,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
stu
d
e
n
ts'
re
ten
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
rsiste
n
c
e
in
h
ig
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r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
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n
.
A
m
o
n
g
h
e
r
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
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s
in
th
is
a
re
a
:
'
'
M
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ro
c
c
a
n
u
n
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r
sity
stu
d
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n
ts'
o
n
li
n
e
re
p
u
tatio
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m
a
n
a
g
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m
e
n
t"
(2
0
1
3
),
a
n
d
"
W
h
e
n
c
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
tak
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s
o
v
e
r
a
d
v
isin
g
to
re
sc
u
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
in
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
"
(2
0
1
4
).
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
El
Am
in
e
M
o
u
m
in
e
is
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
Ha
s
sa
n
II
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
a
n
d
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
d
irec
to
r
o
f
M
o
u
lay
Ra
c
h
id
Cu
lt
u
ra
l
Ce
n
tre.
He
h
a
s
o
rg
a
n
ize
d
a
g
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o
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
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f
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
in
tern
a
ti
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n
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l
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic,
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
a
rti
st
ic ev
e
n
ts.
He
is
a
n
a
c
ti
v
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
in
v
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ries
a
c
a
d
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m
ic
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se
a
rc
h
g
ro
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p
s
a
n
d
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ss
o
c
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n
s
sp
e
c
ialize
d
i
n
a
rti
st
ic,
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
it
a
rian
issu
e
s.
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