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e
s
h
o
wn
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
y
in
g
s
cien
ce
.
Sci
en
ce
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
in
PISA
ass
ess
m
en
ts
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
PISA
is
th
e
OE
C
D
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Stu
d
e
n
t
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
Pro
g
r
am
[
2
4
]
.
PISA
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
1
5
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
s
to
u
s
e
t
h
eir
r
ea
d
in
g
,
m
ath
,
an
d
s
cien
ce
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ills
to
d
ea
l
with
r
ea
l
-
life
ch
allen
g
es.
Scien
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
tar
ts
i
n
elem
en
tar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
an
d
co
n
tin
u
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
s
cien
tific
lear
n
in
g
i
n
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
[
2
7
]
.
Scien
ce
lear
n
in
g
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
cien
ce
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
Scien
ce
lear
n
i
n
g
aim
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
ies
in
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
an
d
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
s
e
th
e
s
cien
tific
m
eth
o
d
to
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
co
llect
d
ata
[
3
3
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
also
lear
n
h
o
w
to
cr
ea
te
h
y
p
o
th
eses
an
d
test
th
o
s
e
h
y
p
o
th
eses
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
cien
tific
m
eth
o
d
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
cien
ce
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
p
h
y
s
i
cs,
ch
em
is
tr
y
,
an
d
b
io
lo
g
y
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
o
b
jects
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
e,
liv
in
g
b
ein
g
s
,
an
d
h
o
w
liv
in
g
b
ein
g
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
m
o
r
e
[
3
9
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
also
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
lear
n
a
b
o
u
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
m
ed
ical
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
er
g
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
4
0
]
–
[
4
3
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
also
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
o
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ly
[
5
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Scien
ce
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
also
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
q
u
ir
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
,
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tin
g
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
[
4
4
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
lear
n
to
co
n
d
u
ct
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
co
r
r
ec
tly
,
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
h
o
w
to
wo
r
k
with
s
cien
ce
to
o
ls
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies u
s
ed
in
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies,
s
u
ch
as
m
icr
o
s
co
p
es,
p
ip
ettes,
an
d
s
ca
les
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
,
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
also
h
elp
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
u
ild
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
co
o
p
er
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
,
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
[
4
9
]
–
[
5
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
s
cien
ce
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
ten
wo
r
k
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
o
p
er
ate
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
o
th
er
s
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
also
lear
n
h
o
w
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
eir
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
th
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
o
th
er
s
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
tio
n
,
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
h
el
p
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
u
ild
cu
r
io
s
ity
an
d
in
ter
est
in
s
cien
ce
[
5
5
]
–
[
5
7
]
.
W
h
en
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
s
cien
ce
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
co
n
d
u
ct
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
,
th
ey
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
a
d
ee
p
in
ter
est
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
to
p
ic
[
5
8
]
.
T
h
is
ca
n
o
p
en
u
p
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
s
i
n
s
cien
ce
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
in
s
p
ir
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
b
ec
o
m
e
q
u
alif
ied
s
cien
tis
ts
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
[
5
9
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
a
n
d
m
a
n
y
b
e
n
ef
its
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
a
k
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
[
1
5
]
,
[
4
0
]
.
A
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
is
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
g
au
g
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
,
u
tili
zin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
to
ex
am
i
n
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
d
ata
[
6
0
]
–
[
6
2
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
d
VOS
v
iewe
r
an
d
B
ib
lio
s
h
in
y
v
ia
R
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
to
ex
am
in
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata,
ai
m
in
g
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t w
ith
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
d
ig
ital e
v
id
en
ce
with
i
n
th
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
Sco
p
u
s
i
n
d
ex
d
ata
b
ase
.
E
ar
lier
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ics
with
in
p
h
y
s
ics,
ch
em
is
tr
y
,
s
cien
ce
lib
r
ar
ian
s
h
i
p
,
an
d
a
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
altm
etr
ics
f
o
r
s
cien
ce
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
elv
ed
in
t
o
an
aly
zin
g
r
esear
ch
d
ata
s
p
an
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
,
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
VOS
v
iewe
r
an
d
B
ib
lio
s
h
in
y
v
ia
R
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
to
s
cr
u
tin
ize
r
esear
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
in
th
e
d
o
m
a
in
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
ev
id
en
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
Sco
p
u
s
i
n
d
ex
d
a
tab
ase.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
es
en
co
m
p
ass
:
i
)
i
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
y
ea
r
ly
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
s
cien
tific
liter
atu
r
e
in
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
to
tal
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
(
T
P)
an
d
to
tal
citatio
n
s
(
T
C
)
s
h
ar
ed
;
ii
)
i
d
en
tify
i
n
g
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
au
th
o
r
s
,
p
r
o
lific
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
with
in
th
e
s
cien
tific
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ea
lm
;
an
d
iii
)
u
tili
zin
g
VOSv
iewe
r
an
d
B
ib
lio
s
h
in
y
in
R
to
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
n
etwo
r
k
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
citatio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
an
d
n
atio
n
s
,
co
u
n
t
r
y
co
-
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
ip
,
co
citatio
n
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
a
n
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
aly
s
is
with
in
th
e
d
ig
ital e
v
id
e
n
ce
f
iel
d
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
W
e
o
p
ted
to
u
tili
ze
Sco
p
u
s
.
co
m
as
o
u
r
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
Sco
p
u
s
e
n
co
m
p
ass
es
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
jo
u
r
n
als
with
in
th
e
n
atu
r
al
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ep
u
tab
l
e
d
atab
ases
f
o
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
o
f
f
er
s
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
iles
in
d
iv
er
s
e
f
o
r
m
ats,
d
ir
ec
tly
ca
ter
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
p
an
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
,
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
s
cien
ce
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
el
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
r
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
in
q
u
ir
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
6
0
]
–
[
6
2
]
.
Data
is
co
llected
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
2
2
0
-
3230
3222
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ar
ticles,
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
r
ev
iews,
b
o
o
k
ch
ap
ter
s
,
b
o
o
k
s
,
co
n
f
er
en
ce
r
ev
iews,
an
d
ed
ito
r
ial
n
o
tes an
d
letter
s
av
ailab
le
o
n
Sco
p
u
s
.
2
.
2
.
Sea
rc
h str
a
t
eg
y
T
h
e
in
clu
d
ed
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
g
en
u
in
e
a
r
ticle
o
r
r
e
v
iew.
R
esear
ch
er
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
i
b
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ea
r
ch
es
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
a
n
d
d
o
wn
lo
ad
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
d
ata
in
p
lain
tex
t
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
tr
ateg
y
is
s
et
as
f
o
llo
ws:
T
S
(
t
o
p
ic)
=
(
*
s
cien
ce
lean
in
g
*
AND
*
L
an
g
u
a
g
e
=
E
n
g
lis
h
*
)
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
4
,
9
4
5
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
as
f
in
al
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
ilter
,
A
to
tal
o
f
4
,
9
4
2
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
f
in
al
d
ataset
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
,
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
th
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
ty
p
es
s
u
ch
as
ed
ito
r
ial
m
ater
ial,
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
,
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
r
o
ce
e
d
in
g
s
,
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
.
A
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
d
ata
r
etr
iev
al
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
Feb
r
u
ar
y
1
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
to
m
itig
ate
an
y
p
o
ten
tial
b
ias
s
tem
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
atab
ase
u
p
d
ates
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
VOSv
iewe
r
to
s
tu
d
y
n
etwo
r
k
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
,
as
th
is
to
o
l
i
s
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
ev
alu
atio
n
in
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
,
we
ap
p
lied
t
h
e
PR
I
SMA
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
[
6
3
]
to
r
ef
in
e
o
u
r
s
ea
r
ch
as p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
h
el
p
s
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
clu
d
e
r
elev
an
t d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
an
d
ex
clu
d
e
th
o
s
e
th
at
ar
e
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
c
o
p
e
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
PR
I
SMA
f
lo
wch
ar
t f
o
r
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
th
e
r
elev
a
n
t p
ap
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
s
ea
r
ch
es
[
6
4
]
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
s
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
m
etr
ics
o
f
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
en
s
ed
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
co
u
n
ts
,
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
au
th
o
r
s
,
af
f
iliatio
n
s
,
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
,
co
m
m
o
n
ly
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
ter
m
s
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
.
A
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
a
m
u
lti
-
co
u
n
tr
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
(
MCP
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
co
ll
ab
o
r
ati
o
n
b
etwe
en
au
th
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
at
le
ast
two
co
u
n
tr
ies,
wh
ile
a
s
in
g
le
-
co
u
n
tr
y
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
(
SC
P)
d
en
o
tes
in
tr
a
-
c
o
u
n
tr
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
W
e
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
VOSv
iewe
r
(
v
er
s
io
n
1
.
6
.
1
9
)
,
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ics
b
ased
o
n
R
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
2
.
2
)
,
an
d
an
o
n
lin
e
a
n
aly
tics
p
latf
o
r
m
(
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
).
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Dis
t
ributio
n o
f
t
he
m
o
s
t
pro
lific
a
utho
rs
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
4
,
9
4
2
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
to
p
1
0
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
with
in
t
h
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
,
al
o
n
g
with
th
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
u
b
licatio
n
co
u
n
t.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
TP
f
ig
u
r
es,
th
e
to
p
1
0
au
th
o
r
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
ty
h
av
e
ea
ch
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
1
3
p
a
p
er
s
in
th
is
d
o
m
ain
.
I
t
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ar
ticle
was
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
NA
NA,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
W
an
g
X,
L
i X
,
L
i Y
,
an
d
L
iu
Y,
W
an
g
Y
an
d
Z
h
an
g
X,
L
i J,
W
an
g
J
,
an
d
W
an
g
L
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
esea
r
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctivity
o
n
s
cie
n
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
:
a
b
i
b
lio
metric st
u
d
y
in
tern
a
tio
n
a
l fro
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
2
3
(
Wid
a
y
a
n
ti
)
3223
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
1
0
m
o
s
t p
r
o
lific
a
u
th
o
r
s
3
.
2
.
Dis
t
ributio
n o
f
t
he
la
rg
e
pro
du
ct
io
n o
f
s
cient
if
ic
do
cum
ent
s
a
nd
cit
a
t
io
ns
per
co
un
t
ry
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
4
,
9
4
2
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
2
0
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
ch
r
o
n
o
lo
g
ical
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
a
n
d
co
u
n
t
r
ies,
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
est
to
lo
west,
ar
e
th
e
US
A
(
m
o
r
e
th
an
9
0
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
)
,
C
h
in
a
an
d
T
u
r
k
ey
(
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
3
0
0
an
d
less
th
an
9
0
0
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
)
,
Ger
m
a
n
y
,
S
p
ain
,
th
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
,
Au
s
tr
alia,
Ko
r
ea
,
C
an
ad
a,
th
e
Neth
e
r
lan
d
s
,
B
r
az
il,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
I
r
an
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
I
taly
,
So
u
th
Af
r
ica,
Swed
en
,
J
ap
an
,
an
d
Po
r
tu
g
al
(
less
th
an
3
0
0
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
with
th
e
c
o
lo
r
s
b
lu
e
an
d
r
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ed
c
o
lo
r
in
d
icate
s
MCP
(
m
u
ltip
le
co
u
n
tr
ies
p
u
b
licatio
n
)
a
n
d
th
e
b
lu
e
co
lo
r
is
SC
P.
I
n
MCP
,
th
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
co
u
n
tr
y
is
C
h
in
a
o
v
er
th
e
USA.
W
h
ile
in
SC
P,
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
p
er
io
r
co
u
n
tr
y
is
th
e
USA
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
C
h
in
a.
I
n
g
en
er
al
,
m
o
s
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ar
e
in
th
e
US,
an
d
th
e
lo
west
p
u
b
licatio
n
p
o
s
itio
n
is
in
Po
r
tu
g
al.
T
h
ey
u
tili
z
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ica
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ea
r
ch
aid
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
p
r
e
v
alen
c
e
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
u
n
tr
y
.
E
x
ce
r
p
ts
f
r
o
m
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
eir
v
is
ib
ilit
y
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
as
ac
ad
em
ic
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
ater
ials
,
with
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
ac
cr
u
in
g
m
o
r
e
citatio
n
s
b
ein
g
r
e
g
ar
d
e
d
as m
o
r
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
tial w
ith
in
a
g
iv
en
t
o
p
ic
[
6
5
]
,
[
6
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
elate
s
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
2
0
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
in
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
1
0
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
at
h
av
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
citatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
e
th
e
USA
(
2
7
,
1
3
8
citatio
n
s
)
,
C
h
in
a
(
5
,
4
7
6
citatio
n
s
)
,
Ger
m
an
y
(
4
,
7
4
9
citatio
n
s
)
,
th
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
(
3
,
3
8
9
citatio
n
s
)
,
T
u
r
k
ey
(3
,
3
1
8
citatio
n
s
)
,
Sp
ain
(
2
,
8
9
0
citatio
n
s
)
,
th
e
Neth
er
lan
d
s
(
2
,
8
3
2
citatio
n
s
)
,
C
an
ad
a
(
2
,
3
1
2
citatio
n
s
)
,
Au
s
tr
alia
(
2
,
1
6
8
citatio
n
s
)
,
a
n
d
Swed
en
(
1
,
2
7
8
citatio
n
s
)
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
th
at
ex
ce
ls
in
cit
atio
n
s
is
th
e
USA,
wh
ile
th
e
lo
west
i
s
S
wed
en
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Swed
en
h
as
th
e
th
ir
d
-
lo
west
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
,
it
h
as
m
o
r
e
citatio
n
s
th
an
Ko
r
ea
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
d
icato
r
ex
a
m
in
ed
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
was
th
e
ev
o
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tio
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o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
d
o
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m
en
t
s
ass
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ciate
d
with
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e
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ied
k
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d
s
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Ov
er
tim
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th
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h
as
b
ee
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a
s
tead
y
r
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e
i
n
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
is
aster
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
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h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
lin
k
ed
to
th
ese
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ex
h
ib
ited
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
g
r
o
wth
,
e
x
ten
d
in
g
u
n
til
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
.
An
o
t
h
er
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
f
ac
t
is
th
at
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en
h
as
th
e
th
ir
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lo
west
n
u
m
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er
o
f
d
o
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m
en
ts
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it
h
as
m
o
r
e
citatio
n
s
th
an
Ko
r
ea
.
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n
d
o
n
esia
r
a
n
k
ed
1
4
t
h
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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u
b
lis
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ed
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o
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m
e
n
ts
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u
t
d
id
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o
t
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t
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o
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ten
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u
n
t
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ies
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e
m
o
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t
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n
s
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t's
im
p
o
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tan
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o
te
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at
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e
n
u
m
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er
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f
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o
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o
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r
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elate
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e
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ts
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g
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at
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g
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o
m
a
s
p
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ic
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u
n
tr
y
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T
h
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d
is
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ep
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ar
is
es
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ec
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u
s
e
n
o
t
all
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m
e
n
ts
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r
o
m
a
c
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y
ar
e
r
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er
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ce
d
b
y
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e
r
r
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ch
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s
.
3
.
3
.
Dis
t
ributio
n o
f
hig
hly
pro
du
ct
iv
e
ins
t
it
utio
ns
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
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o
ws
th
e
to
p
1
0
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o
s
t
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r
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d
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ctiv
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ased
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im
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ed
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n
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o
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Hig
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ctiv
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s
with
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er
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p
u
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licatio
n
s
in
clu
d
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e
Un
i
v
er
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ity
o
f
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alif
o
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n
ia
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8
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ticles),
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th
e
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o
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ain
o
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g
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o
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d
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y
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e
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al
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aiwa
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m
al
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iv
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ity
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7
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ticles),
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r
d
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e
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ity
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No
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al
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ity
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h
e
Un
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ity
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C
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o
r
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ia
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in
th
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USA,
w
h
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r
r
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to
t
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e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
th
at
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
citatio
n
s
(
Fig
u
r
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3
an
d
4
)
.
An
o
th
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r
f
ac
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o
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n
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n
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ities
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ies
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ter
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s
.
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is
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o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
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th
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n
ex
t p
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o
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ce
ed
u
ca
tio
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n
ee
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e
co
n
s
id
er
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d
r
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ar
ch
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m
o
r
e
.
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I
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2
2
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8
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I
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Fig
u
r
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C
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e
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r
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Fig
u
r
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4
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ip
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ltip
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u
r
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elev
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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e
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o
m
a
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.
Fig
u
r
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6
s
h
o
ws
h
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h
ly
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ctiv
e
s
o
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s
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
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ased
o
n
th
e
n
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m
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er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
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h
e
m
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t
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r
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lific
s
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s
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e
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o
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ter
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n
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o
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ts
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e
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u
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d
ex
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r
t
h
e
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o
r
e,
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e
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o
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r
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al
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o
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u
m
en
ts
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in
d
ex
es
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.
T
h
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to
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u
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r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
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r
r
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o
n
d
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o
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e
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n
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at
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e
h
ig
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n
u
m
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er
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f
af
f
iliates
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u
b
licatio
n
s
,
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d
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n
s
(
Fig
u
r
es
3
,
4
,
an
d
5
)
.
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h
e
ten
th
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lace
o
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s
o
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s
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th
e
J
o
u
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R
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ch
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E
d
u
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atio
n
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o
u
r
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als
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r
o
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th
e
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s
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d
ex
e
d
in
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.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
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4
,
th
e
Un
ited
States
lead
s
w
ith
th
e
h
ig
h
est n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticle
p
u
b
l
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n
s
,
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
6
8
o
th
e
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
a
to
tal
o
f
4
5
ar
ticles.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
citatio
n
co
u
n
t
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
o
r
ig
in
atin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
Un
ited
States
.
3
.
5
.
Num
ber
o
f
a
rt
icles e
a
ch
y
ea
r
T
h
e
f
iv
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
lific
co
u
n
tr
i
es
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
USA
co
u
n
t
r
y
le
ad
s
in
th
e
m
o
s
t
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
ev
er
y
y
ea
r
u
n
til
th
e
last
3
y
ea
r
s
wh
en
ev
er
y
y
ea
r
3
,
0
0
0
ar
ticles
a
r
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
.
I
t
h
as
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
v
er
3
,
0
0
0
ar
ticles
in
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0
2
3
,
w
h
ich
is
s
till
in
Feb
r
u
ar
y
.
Ge
r
m
an
y
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Sp
ain
,
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d
T
u
r
k
ey
f
r
o
m
2013
–
2
0
2
3
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
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th
an
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0
0
ar
ticles.
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n
th
e
p
ast
two
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ea
r
s
,
C
h
in
a
h
as
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
,
0
0
0
ar
ticles.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
t
o
p
ic
o
f
s
cien
ce
lear
n
i
n
g
is
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er
y
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ter
esti
n
g
to
b
e
d
is
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s
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
u
n
t
r
ies,
b
o
th
at
th
e
elem
e
n
tar
y
,
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
,
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
to
co
lleg
e
lev
els.
An
o
th
e
r
f
ac
t
f
in
d
in
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
n
o
t
en
ter
ed
th
e
5
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
n
tr
ies b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t a
r
ticles in
th
e
last
1
0
y
ea
r
s
.
3
.
6
.
T
he
m
o
s
t
f
re
qu
ent
wo
rds
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
wo
r
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at
o
f
ten
ap
p
ea
r
s
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
v
is
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aliza
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n
in
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
wo
r
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
-
e
m
er
g
en
ce
o
f
a
wo
r
d
th
at
o
f
ten
ap
p
ea
r
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u
s
in
g
b
ib
lio
p
h
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.
Stu
d
ies
in
b
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p
h
ily
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et
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
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1
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r
e
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u
en
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o
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u
r
r
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n
g
wo
r
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h
e
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th
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ey
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d
s
ar
e
s
cien
ce
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
Fig
u
r
e
7
u
s
in
g
th
e
VOSv
iewe
r
to
o
l.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
et
a
lim
it
o
f
at
least
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0
wo
r
d
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th
at
o
f
te
n
ap
p
ea
r
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te
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is
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aliza
ti
o
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
tr
ee
m
ap
in
th
e
s
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ce
lear
n
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n
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
it
is
s
h
o
wn
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
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er
ce
n
tag
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
lear
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g
is
o
n
e
o
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th
e
im
p
o
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t
co
m
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o
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ts
o
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e
d
u
ca
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n
.
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h
e
n
ex
t
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er
ce
n
ta
g
e
is
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
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e
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im
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o
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tan
t r
o
le
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jects in
s
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ce
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h
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d
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u
s
ed
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at
o
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ea
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n
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ce
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[
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[
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7
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