I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
6
~
2
2
0
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
216
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
R
E
The Eff
ects
o
f
Mo
dified
G
a
m
es
o
n
t
he Develo
p
m
en
t
o
f
G
ro
ss
M
o
tor Sk
i
ll
i
n
Pr
escho
o
lers
I
nd
a
h
L
esta
ri
1
,
T
ri
Ra
t
na
ni
ng
s
ih
2
1
M
a
tern
it
y
o
f
Nu
rsin
g
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
S
ti
k
e
s Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI
M
o
jo
k
e
rto
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
2
P
e
d
iatrics
o
f
Nu
rsin
g
D
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
S
ti
k
e
s Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI M
o
jo
k
e
rto
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
2
0
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
1
2
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
2
2
,
2
0
1
6
G
ro
ss
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
ls
o
n
c
h
il
d
re
n
m
u
st
b
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
m
u
c
h
e
a
rli
e
r
sin
c
e
it
p
la
y
s
im
p
o
rtan
t
ro
le
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
th
e
ir
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
b
u
t
a
lso
i
n
su
p
p
o
rti
n
g
o
th
e
r
m
u
lt
ip
le
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
e
a
n
s
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
c
h
i
ld
'
s
m
o
to
r
sk
il
l
is
b
y
p
ro
v
id
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
g
a
m
e
s
i.
e
.
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
g
a
m
e
f
o
r
m
a
t,
g
a
m
e
ti
m
in
g
,
a
n
d
g
a
m
e
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
w
a
s
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ied
g
a
m
e
s
to
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
g
ro
ss
m
o
to
r
sk
il
l
o
f
p
re
sc
h
o
o
lers
.
Re
se
a
rc
h
m
e
th
o
d
w
a
s
p
re
-
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
w
it
h
On
e
G
ro
u
p
P
re
-
p
o
st
tes
t
De
sig
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
Re
se
a
rc
h
sa
m
p
les
w
e
re
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
G
ro
u
p
B
Kin
d
e
rg
a
rten
in
th
e
d
i
stricts
o
f
G
e
d
e
g
a
s
m
a
n
y
a
s
1
8
0
stu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
ich
we
re
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
u
sin
g
p
u
r
p
o
siv
e
sa
m
p
li
n
g
.
Re
se
a
rc
h
in
stru
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
d
u
rin
g
o
n
e
m
o
n
th
.
T
h
e
d
a
ta
w
a
s
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
b
y
W
il
c
o
x
o
n
sig
n
ra
n
k
tes
t.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
su
g
g
e
st
ed
th
a
t
th
e
re
w
a
s
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
to
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
re
sc
h
o
o
l
g
ro
ss
m
o
to
r
sk
il
l
w
it
h
p
-
v
a
lu
e
=
0
.
0
0
0
.
Ch
a
n
g
e
s
o
n
m
o
to
r
sk
il
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
w
e
r
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
ro
m
th
o
se
w
h
o
we
re
in
it
ially
o
n
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
i
n
g
sta
g
e
,
a
s
m
a
n
y
a
s
1
0
1
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts,
b
e
c
a
m
e
1
4
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
a
f
ter
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
.
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
sta
g
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
e
d
a
s
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
,
f
ro
m
in
it
ial
6
5
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
in
c
re
a
se
d
to
1
3
0
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts.
A
t
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
i
n
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
re
w
e
re
e
v
e
n
3
6
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
se
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
sta
g
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
w
h
e
re
th
e
y
we
re
su
p
p
o
se
d
to
b
e
.
T
h
is
p
ro
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
ro
v
isio
n
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
h
a
d
p
o
sit
iv
e
e
ff
e
c
t
s
o
n
p
h
y
sic
a
l,
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
,
a
n
d
so
c
ial
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t.
M
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
tri
g
g
e
r
e
d
c
h
il
d
re
n
'
s
in
tere
st
a
n
d
m
a
d
e
th
e
m
b
e
w
il
li
n
g
to
train
th
e
ir
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
m
u
sc
le
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
d
e
c
re
a
se
d
sa
tu
ra
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
d
th
e
ir
sk
i
ll
s in
a
f
u
n
w
a
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
Gr
o
s
s
Mo
to
r
Sk
ill
Mo
d
if
ied
Ga
m
es
P
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
6
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
I
n
d
ah
L
e
s
tar
i
,
Ma
ter
n
it
y
o
f
N
u
r
s
i
n
g
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t,
Sti
k
e
s
B
in
a
Se
h
at
P
P
NI
Mo
j
o
k
er
to
,
J
alan
R
a
y
a
J
ab
o
n
K
m
.
06
,
Mo
j
o
an
y
ar
,
Mo
j
o
k
er
to
,
J
a
w
a
T
im
u
r
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
E
m
ail:
n
s
.
i
n
d
ah
@
y
ah
o
o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
ch
ild
r
en
at
k
i
n
d
er
g
ar
ten
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
ls
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
l
p
la
y
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
s
tab
il
it
y
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
g
o
o
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t.
I
t
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
tr
ain
ed
in
w
ell
-
m
a
n
ag
ed
,
w
ell
d
ir
ec
ted
,
an
d
w
e
ll
p
lan
n
ed
g
a
m
es
i
n
a
cc
o
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
ch
i
ld
r
en
'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tag
e
s
i
n
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
]
.
I
n
itial
r
esear
c
h
o
n
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
te
n
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
tr
ict
s
o
f
Ged
eg
-
Mo
j
o
k
er
to
,
o
b
tai
n
ed
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
e
s
ti
n
g
th
a
t
t
h
eir
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
in
cl
u
d
ed
ac
tiv
itie
s
ai
m
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
s
w
i
m
m
in
g
,
j
u
m
p
in
g
,
s
l
id
in
g
o
n
s
l
id
in
g
b
o
ar
d
,
s
w
i
n
g
in
g
,
a
n
d
cli
m
b
in
g
h
al
f
-
r
o
u
n
d
ed
m
u
ltip
le
lad
d
er
s
,
w
alk
in
g
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
o
n
a
w
al
k
i
n
g
p
at
h
,
r
u
b
b
er
j
u
m
p
in
g
,
f
r
o
g
leap
i
n
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ci
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
la
tio
n
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
atc
h
g
r
o
w
t
h
an
d
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
s
ta
g
e
th
a
t
n
o
t
all
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e
a
b
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
u
c
h
ac
tiv
ities
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Th
e
E
ffects o
f Mo
d
ified
Ga
mes o
n
th
e
Dev
elo
p
men
t
o
f G
r
o
s
s
Mo
to
r
S
kill in
P
r
esch
o
o
lers
(
I
n
d
a
h
Les
ta
r
i)
217
I
n
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
,
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
l
d
ev
elo
p
s
i
n
li
n
e
w
it
h
f
i
n
e
m
o
to
r
s
k
i
ll
[
2
]
.
Mo
to
r
s
k
ill
s
m
a
n
i
f
est
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
ad
ap
tatio
n
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
atte
m
p
t
to
ad
j
u
s
t
o
n
e
s
elf
to
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
g
ain
in
g
s
o
m
e
n
e
w
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
e.
g
.
a
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
tr
y
i
n
g
to
h
o
ld
a
b
i
g
b
all.
C
h
an
g
es
w
ill
t
ak
e
p
lace
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
ch
ild
lear
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
all
is
b
ig
g
er
th
a
n
th
e
to
y
th
e
y
u
s
ed
to
p
l
a
y
w
it
h
d
u
r
i
n
g
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
o
s
e
ex
p
er
ts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
t
h
at
g
a
m
es
h
av
e
ce
r
tain
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
o
f
p
r
esc
h
o
o
ler
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
es
ar
e
alter
n
ativ
e
s
in
d
ev
e
l
o
p
in
g
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
l’
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
[
4
]
.
B
ac
h
r
u
d
in
a
n
d
C
h
ae
d
ar
s
u
g
g
ested
t
h
at
"r
ea
l
g
a
m
es
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
y
et
to
b
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
o
n
p
r
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
th
a
t
t
h
e
g
a
m
e
s
n
e
ed
to
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
i
ld
r
en
to
p
la
y
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ir
ab
ilit
ies."
T
h
o
s
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
ap
p
ea
r
o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
to
s
o
l
v
e
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
c
h
as
c
h
ild
'
s
s
at
u
r
atio
n
,
lack
in
g
o
f
c
h
ild
'
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
ex
p
lo
itin
g
,
an
d
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
eir
o
ld
er
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
ca
n
b
e
m
an
if
e
s
t
ed
in
th
e
s
eq
u
e
n
cin
g
,
ti
m
i
n
g
,
g
a
m
es
f
o
r
m
at,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
[
5
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
,
L
u
ta
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
"
Mo
d
if
icatio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
e
s
cr
ib
e
d
as
a
ch
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
o
ld
s
tate
to
a
n
e
w
s
tate.
Mo
d
if
ica
tio
n
c
an
tak
e
p
lace
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
at,
u
tili
za
t
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
an
d
b
en
ef
its
w
i
th
o
u
t
h
a
v
i
n
g
to
r
em
o
v
e
t
h
e
in
i
tial
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
"
Mo
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
ca
n
attr
ac
t
ch
ild
r
en
i
n
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
o
f
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
ac
tiv
ities
,
as
w
ell
as
m
ak
e
t
h
e
m
h
ap
p
y
an
d
f
u
ll
y
e
x
p
lo
ited
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
eir
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
k
ills
[
6
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
R
esear
ch
m
e
th
o
d
w
as
p
r
e
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
w
it
h
O
n
e
Gr
o
u
p
P
r
etest
-
P
o
s
ttes
t
De
s
i
g
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
w
as
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ie
d
g
a
m
e
s
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
at
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
G
ed
eg
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
w
a
s
all
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
f
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
t
en
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
.
R
esear
ch
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
wh
o
m
ee
t
r
esear
c
h
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
as
m
an
y
a
s
1
8
0
s
tu
d
en
t
s
,
w
h
ic
h
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
R
esear
c
h
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill,
b
y
i
n
itiall
y
g
iv
i
n
g
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
m
o
n
t
h
to
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Data
w
er
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
W
ilco
x
o
n
r
an
k
s
i
g
n
t
est to
d
eter
m
in
e
α
=
0
.
0
5
.
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
w
as c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
p
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
t e
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
u
n
iv
ar
iate
an
al
y
s
i
s
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
co
n
s
tit
u
ted
b
y
g
e
n
d
e
r
an
d
ag
e
(
T
ab
le
1
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
'
g
e
n
d
er
o
f
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
th
e
d
is
t
r
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
,
Ma
y
–
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
5
No
G
e
n
d
e
r
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
1.
F
e
mal
e
94
5
2
.
0
2.
M
a
l
e
86
4
8
.
0
T
o
t
a
l
1
8
0
1
0
0
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
'
g
en
d
er
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
was
al
m
o
s
t
eq
u
al
b
et
w
ee
n
m
ale
an
d
f
e
m
al
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
T
a
b
le
2
d
escr
ib
e
s
th
e
a
g
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t.
T
ab
le
2
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
'
ag
e
o
f
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ic
ts
o
f
Ged
eg
,
Ma
y
–
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
5
No
A
g
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
1.
5
Y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
50
2
8
.0
2.
6
Y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
1
3
0
72
.0
T
o
t
a
l
1
8
0
1
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
2
it
w
as
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
er
e
w
er
e
5
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ag
ed
5
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
(
2
8
%)
,
an
d
1
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
a
g
ed
6
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
(
7
2
%).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
216
–
2
2
0
218
T
ab
le
3
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
b
ased
o
n
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill b
ef
o
r
e
g
i
v
e
n
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
es
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
at
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
th
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
e
g
,
Ma
y
–
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
5
No
G
r
o
ss M
o
t
o
r
S
k
i
l
l
D
e
v
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
1.
N
o
t
y
e
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
14
8
2.
B
e
g
a
n
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
1
0
1
56
3.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
s e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
65
36
4.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
0
0
T
o
t
a
l
1
8
0
1
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
3
it
w
a
s
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
g
i
v
e
n
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
es
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
:
as
m
an
y
as
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
n
o
t
y
et
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
(
8
%),
1
0
1
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
eg
an
to
d
ev
elo
p
(
5
6
%),
6
5
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as e
x
p
ec
ted
(
3
6
%),
an
d
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
(
0
%).
T
ab
le
4
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
b
ased
o
n
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill a
f
ter
g
i
v
e
n
m
o
d
i
f
ied
g
a
m
es
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
at
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
th
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
e
g
,
Ma
y
–
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
5
No
G
r
o
ss M
o
t
o
r
S
k
i
l
l
D
e
v
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
1.
N
o
t
y
e
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
0
0
2.
B
e
g
a
n
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
14
8
3.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
s e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
1
3
0
72
4.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
36
20
T
o
t
a
l
1
8
0
1
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
4
it
w
a
s
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
a
f
ter
g
iv
e
n
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
:
as
m
an
y
a
s
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
n
o
t
y
et
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
(
0
%),
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
eg
an
to
d
ev
elo
p
(
8
%),
1
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as e
x
p
ec
ted
(
7
2
%),
an
d
3
6
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
(
2
0
%).
T
ab
le
5
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
b
ased
o
n
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
g
iv
e
n
m
o
d
i
f
ied
g
a
m
e
s
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
at
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
th
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
,
Ma
y
–
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
5
No
G
r
o
ss M
o
t
o
r
S
k
i
l
l
P
r
e
t
e
st
P
o
st
t
e
st
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
1.
N
o
t
y
e
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
14
8
0
0
2.
B
e
g
a
n
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
1
0
1
56
14
8
3.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
s e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
65
36
1
3
0
72
4.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
t
i
o
n
0
0
36
20
T
o
t
a
l
1
8
0
1
0
0
1
8
0
1
0
0
P
v
a
l
u
e
0
.
0
0
0
B
ased
o
n
T
a
b
le
5
it
w
a
s
s
u
g
g
es
ted
th
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
s
e
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
l
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
ex
p
ec
ted
w
er
e
6
5
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
(
3
6
%)
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
1
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
7
2
%)
af
ter
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
w
h
ile
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
s
e
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
w
as
n
o
n
e
(
0
%)
b
ef
o
r
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
3
6
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
(
2
0
%)
af
ter
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
.
T
h
e
tab
le
also
s
u
g
g
es
ted
th
at
p
-
v
al
u
e
=
0
.
0
0
0
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
w
as
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
es
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ills
o
f
p
r
esc
h
o
o
l
er
s
o
f
Gr
o
u
p
B
Kin
d
er
g
ar
ten
i
n
th
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
.
I
f
co
m
p
ar
ed
,
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
c
h
ild
'
s
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
ls
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
m
o
d
if
ied
g
a
m
e
s
,
th
er
e
w
as
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill.
W
it
h
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
ta
g
e,
g
en
d
er
is
n
o
t
a
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
m
o
to
r
s
k
i
ll.
T
h
u
s
,
ch
ild
'
s
ab
i
lit
y
h
o
n
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
w
i
ll
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
g
iv
e
g
o
o
d
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
r
esu
lt.
T
h
e
p
r
esch
o
o
l
y
ea
r
s
ar
e
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
h
e
ig
h
t,
m
u
s
c
le
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
a
n
d
b
o
d
y
m
as
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
th
at
allo
w
ch
ild
r
en
to
m
o
v
e
i
n
f
ar
m
o
r
e
co
o
r
d
in
ated
an
d
co
m
p
lex
w
a
y
[
7
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tr
ate
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
o
r
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
,
th
ese
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
teac
h
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
p
la
y
m
ater
ial
s
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t a
n
d
r
e
-
d
es
ig
n
o
f
p
la
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t [
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
ested
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
i
ll
f
r
o
m
b
eg
in
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
to
d
ev
elo
p
as
ex
p
ec
ted
,
o
r
ev
en
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
g
a
m
e
s
h
a
v
e
p
o
s
i
ti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
ch
i
ld
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
m
u
lt
ip
le
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
i.e
.
co
g
n
it
iv
el
y
,
a
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
,
s
o
ciall
y
,
an
d
p
h
y
s
icall
y
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Sa
m
s
u
d
in
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
at
f
o
r
ch
ild
'
s
g
r
o
s
s
a
n
d
f
i
n
e
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
to
d
ev
elo
p
w
ell,
k
i
n
d
er
g
ar
ten
s
t
u
d
en
ts
r
eq
u
ir
e
en
o
u
g
h
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
ti
v
i
tie
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
g
a
m
es
w
h
ich
ar
e:
tr
ig
g
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
i
g
m
u
s
cle
s
,
s
i
m
p
le,
e
n
ab
lin
g
th
e
m
to
tr
y
,
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
p
ee
r
co
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
u
s
in
g
g
a
m
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
ts
v
ar
y
in
g
i
n
s
ize
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
R
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Th
e
E
ffects o
f Mo
d
ified
Ga
mes o
n
th
e
Dev
elo
p
men
t
o
f G
r
o
s
s
Mo
to
r
S
kill in
P
r
esch
o
o
lers
(
I
n
d
a
h
Les
ta
r
i)
219
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
p
la
y
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
is
r
ich
in
e
m
o
tio
n
al
ex
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
I
t
m
a
y
b
e
th
e
s
i
n
g
le
b
est
co
n
te
x
t
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
o
t
h
er
p
eo
p
le,
th
eir
f
ee
li
n
g
s
,
te
m
p
er
a
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
ab
ilit
ies.
I
t
is
o
n
th
e
p
la
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
th
at
c
h
ild
r
en
o
f
te
n
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
m
ak
i
n
g
f
r
ie
n
d
s
,
b
ein
g
ac
ce
p
ted
o
r
r
e
j
ec
ted
b
y
p
ee
r
s
,
r
eso
lv
i
ng
co
n
f
lic
t
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
f
ee
li
n
g
s
.
Mo
to
r
ab
ilit
y
is
r
elate
d
to
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
e
m
o
t
io
n
al
w
ell
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
].
Gr
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
i
lls
in
v
o
lv
e
t
h
e
lar
g
e
m
u
s
cle
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
t
h
at
e
n
ab
le
s
u
c
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
s
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
b
alan
ce
,
w
al
k
in
g
,
c
li
m
b
i
n
g
,
j
u
m
p
i
n
g
,
p
u
s
h
i
n
g
,
p
u
l
lin
g
an
d
b
all
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
f
i
n
e
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
ls
.
A
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
lay
ac
ti
v
itie
s
ar
e
k
e
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ch
ild
r
en
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ti
m
u
la
tio
n
to
h
elp
t
h
eir
m
o
to
r
s
k
ill
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t [
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
a
m
es
w
il
l
g
i
v
e
g
o
o
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
ea
cti
n
g
ab
ilit
y
,
h
an
d
s
-
e
y
es
-
a
n
d
f
ee
t c
o
o
r
d
in
ati
o
n
,
as
w
ell
as d
ex
ter
it
y
a
n
d
aw
ar
e
n
ess
to
b
o
d
y
b
alan
ce
,
o
f
w
h
ic
h
m
u
s
t b
e
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t a
s
a
w
h
o
le
[
1
8
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
er
e
w
as
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ied
g
a
m
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
s
k
il
l
(
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
.
Mo
d
if
ied
g
am
e
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
lear
n
in
g
em
p
h
asizi
n
g
in
f
u
n
,
p
h
y
s
ical
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ch
ild
'
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t e
n
r
ic
h
m
en
t.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
cr
ea
ti
v
e
g
a
m
e
s
,
ch
i
ld
r
en
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
i
es
to
en
r
ic
h
t
h
eir
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
.
Var
io
u
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
w
it
h
m
o
to
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
,
h
a
n
d
s
,
f
ee
t,
h
ea
d
,
o
r
o
th
e
r
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
b
o
th
b
ig
a
n
d
s
m
al
l
m
u
s
cle
w
i
ll
e
n
ab
le
th
e
m
to
f
u
ll
y
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
ir
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
to
r
ab
ilit
y
.
I
n
s
h
o
r
t,
cr
ea
tiv
e
g
a
m
es
w
i
ll
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ch
ild
'
s
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
o
to
r
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
asp
ec
t
s
i
.
e.
:
1
)
.
C
o
o
r
d
in
atin
g
e
y
es
an
d
h
a
n
d
s
o
r
e
y
es
an
d
f
ee
t,
2
)
.
L
o
co
m
o
to
r
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
k
ill,
3
)
.
No
n
L
o
co
m
o
to
r
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
k
il
l,
4
)
.
B
o
d
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
eir
b
o
d
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
d
i
s
t
an
c
e,
r
h
y
t
h
m
,
b
ala
n
ce
,
ab
ilit
y
to
g
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
r
s
to
p
ce
r
tain
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
,
an
d
ex
ec
u
tin
g
o
r
d
er
s
.
Mo
d
if
ied
g
a
m
es
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
cr
ete
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
g
a
m
es i
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
w
h
o
le
asp
ec
ts
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
g
r
o
s
s
m
o
to
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
we
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
s
to
:
1
)
Hea
d
o
f
Kin
d
er
g
ar
te
n
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Ged
eg
w
h
o
h
a
s
g
iv
en
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
d
o
r
esear
ch
th
er
e
2
)
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
w
illi
n
g
to
in
v
est ti
m
e
i
n
co
m
p
letin
g
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
3
)
C
o
m
r
ad
e
T
r
i Ratn
an
i
n
g
s
i
h
w
h
o
h
as b
ee
n
a
p
ar
tn
er
u
n
til
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
co
m
p
leted
4
)
A
ll p
ar
ties
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
th
e
co
m
p
let
io
n
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
b
d
u
ss
a
la
m
,
“
A
c
ti
v
it
ies
P
lay
in
g
w
it
h
Ch
il
d
re
n
a
g
e
3
-
6
y
e
a
rs
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
El
e
x
M
e
d
ia Ko
m
p
u
ti
n
d
o
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
2
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
O.
P
a
p
a
li
a
a
n
d
F
e
ld
m
a
n
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
S
a
le
m
b
a
Hu
m
a
n
ik
a
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
1
8
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
]
S
a
m
su
d
in
,
“
M
o
t
o
r
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
k
in
d
e
rg
a
rten
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
F
a
k
u
lt
a
s
Ilm
u
Ke
o
lah
ra
g
a
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
Ja
k
a
rta,
p
p
.
3
4
-
4
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
]
B.
S
u
j
io
n
o
,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
M
e
t
h
o
d
(Re
v
ise
d
Ed
it
io
n
)
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
T
e
rb
u
k
a
,
p
p
.
4
5
-
4
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
M
c
M
il
lan
a
n
d
S
c
h
u
m
a
c
h
e
r,
“
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
L
o
n
g
m
a
n
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
0
1
.
[6
]
L
u
tan
,
“
Lea
rn
in
g
o
f
M
o
to
r
S
k
il
ls
In
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
th
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
M
e
th
o
d
s
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
Dik
b
u
d
,
p
p
.
4
6
-
5
3
,
1
9
9
7
.
[7
]
Ba
rh
a
im
a
n
d
O.
Ba
rt,
“
M
o
to
r
G
a
m
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
c
ial
P
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
i
n
Kin
d
e
rg
a
rten
Ch
il
d
re
n
,
”
S
o
c
i
a
l
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
5
(2
),
p
p
.
2
9
6
-
3
1
0
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
C.
Blak
e
m
o
re
,
“
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
is
E
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
to
L
e
a
rn
in
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
Rec
re
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Da
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
4
(9
),
p
p
.
2
2
-
4
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[9
]
A
.
Ru
s
w
a
n
,
“
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
S
m
a
ll
G
a
m
e
s
W
it
h
o
u
t
Us
i
n
g
T
o
o
ls
a
n
d
T
o
o
l
El
e
m
e
n
tar
y
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
Ag
a
in
st
M
o
ti
o
n
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
,
”
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
Dise
rtas
i
UP
I,
p
p
.
9
7
-
1
1
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
S
a
m
su
d
in
,
“
M
o
t
o
r
L
e
a
rn
in
g
i
n
Ki
n
d
e
rg
a
rten
,
”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
P
T
F
a
jar In
t
e
rp
ra
ta
m
a
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
6
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
M
.
W
.
Ca
sb
y
,
“
T
h
e
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
lay
in
In
f
a
n
t,
T
o
d
d
ler
s
a
n
d
Yo
u
n
g
Ch
il
d
re
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
h
il
d
re
n
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
4
(4
),
p
p
.
1
6
3
-
1
7
4
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
J.
D.
G
o
o
d
w
a
y
a
n
d
C.
F
.
B
ra
n
ta,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
A
M
o
to
r
S
k
il
l
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
o
n
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
M
o
to
r
S
k
il
l
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Disa
d
v
a
n
tag
e
d
P
re
sc
h
o
o
l
Ch
il
d
re
n
,
”
Res
e
a
rc
h
Qu
a
rte
ly
f
o
r
Exe
rc
ise
a
n
d
S
p
o
rt
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
4
(
1
)
,
pp.
36
-
4
6
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
3
]
R.
G
.
A
p
a
c
h
e
,
“
A
c
ti
v
it
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
i
n
M
o
to
r
S
k
il
l
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
”
Per
c
e
p
tu
a
l
a
n
d
M
o
to
r
S
k
il
l
,
vo
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(1
0
0
),
p
p
.
1
0
1
1
-
1
0
2
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
A
is
y
a
h
,
M
a
rz
u
k
i
,
Isti
D.
P.,
“
Up
g
ra
d
e
s
M
o
ti
o
n
Ju
m
p
in
g
T
h
ro
u
g
h
T
ra
d
it
io
n
a
l
G
a
m
e
s
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Pen
d
i
d
ika
n
d
a
n
Pem
b
e
la
ja
r
a
a
n
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
2
(
7
),
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
E.
S
a
b
o
,
“
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
Be
tw
e
e
n
M
o
t
o
r
A
b
il
it
ies
a
n
d
Re
a
d
i
n
P
re
sc
h
o
o
l
C
h
il
d
re
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
so
c
io
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
3
(
5
),
p
p
.
23
-
2
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
216
–
2
2
0
220
[1
6
]
R.
P
a
te,
K.
A
.
P
f
e
iff
e
r,
S
.
G
.
T
ro
s
t,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Ac
ti
v
it
y
Am
o
n
g
Ch
il
d
re
n
A
tt
e
n
d
in
g
P
re
sc
h
o
o
l
,
”
Ped
i
a
trics
,
v
o
l.
1
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
8
-
1
2
6
3
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
7
]
A
.
S
in
u
li
n
g
g
a
,
“
Diff
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
In
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
In
te
g
ra
ted
L
e
a
rn
in
g
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
Ba
sic
M
o
ti
o
n
S
k
il
ls
a
n
d
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
A
b
il
it
y
El
e
m
e
n
tar
y
S
c
h
o
o
l
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
”
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
,
T
e
sis
UP
I,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
5
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
8
]
V
.
G
.
P
a
y
n
e
a
n
d
L
.
D.
Iss
a
c
s,
“
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
M
o
to
ric
S
k
il
l
o
f
Ch
il
d
h
o
o
d
,
”
Hu
ma
n
M
o
t
o
r
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
299
-
3
2
7
,
2
0
0
8
.
BI
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
In
d
a
h
L
e
sta
ri,
S
.
Ke
p
.
,
Ns
.
,
M
.
Ke
s
is
a
l
e
c
tu
re
r
o
f
m
a
tern
it
y
n
u
rsin
g
a
t
S
ti
k
e
s
Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI
M
o
jo
k
e
rto
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
d
o
c
to
ra
l
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
A
irl
a
n
g
g
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
se
v
e
n
tee
n
y
e
a
rs
o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
w
o
rk
in
g
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
m
a
tern
it
y
n
u
rsin
g
in
S
ti
k
e
s
Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI
M
o
jo
k
e
rto
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
li
n
ica
l,
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
n
s.in
d
a
h
@y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
m
T
ri
Ra
tn
a
n
in
g
sih
,
S
.
Ke
p
.
,
Ns
.
,
M
.
Ke
s
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
o
f
p
e
d
iatrics
n
u
r
sin
g
a
t
S
ti
k
e
s
Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI
M
o
jo
k
e
rto
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
d
o
c
to
ra
l
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
A
irl
a
n
g
g
a
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
e
i
g
h
tee
n
y
e
a
rs
o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
w
o
rk
in
g
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
p
e
d
iatrics
n
u
rsin
g
in
S
ti
k
e
s
Bin
a
S
e
h
a
t
P
P
NI
M
o
jo
k
e
rto
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
li
n
ica
l,
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
tri
ra
tn
a
8
3
@y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
.
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.