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y
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
2
1
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
Ko
r
ea
n
s
a
m
p
les,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
s
a
m
p
les
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
eir
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
s
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
t
o
b
ac
co
u
s
e,
u
n
w
a
n
ted
o
r
ab
u
s
iv
e
s
ex
u
al
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
o
r
v
io
len
c
[
1
2
]
,
as
w
ell
as
lo
w
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
a
n
d
lo
n
eli
n
ess
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
c
an
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
an
y
f
ac
to
r
s
,
it
is
w
o
r
th
w
h
ile
to
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
h
o
w
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
is
b
ein
g
s
tar
ted
b
y
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
e
w
m
aj
o
r
th
eo
r
ies
in
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
is
th
e
I
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
-
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
T
h
eo
r
y
o
f
Su
icid
e
(
I
P
T
S),
w
h
ic
h
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
at
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
i
s
a
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
n
es
s
(
“m
y
d
ea
t
h
is
m
o
r
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
to
o
th
er
s
t
h
an
m
y
li
f
e”
)
an
d
th
w
a
r
ted
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
n
es
s
(
“
I
a
m
lo
n
e
l
y
”)
[
2
3
]
.
De
p
r
ess
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
s
t
u
d
en
ts
i
n
Ma
lay
s
ia
led
th
e
m
to
f
ee
l
th
at
th
e
y
ar
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
to
o
th
er
s
,
an
d
lack
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
w
ar
ted
t
h
eir
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
n
e
s
s
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
d
ev
e
lo
p
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
t
io
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
e
m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
m
s
e
lv
es
to
b
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
p
er
ce
iv
e
a
n
d
b
eliev
e
th
a
t
th
eir
p
r
esen
ce
i
s
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
th
eir
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
in
g
n
es
s
ca
n
also
b
e
p
r
o
tecte
d
if
th
e
y
b
eliev
e
t
h
e
y
b
elo
n
g
to
th
eir
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
ce
r
tai
n
ex
ten
t
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
b
elo
n
g
in
g
an
d
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ea
n
in
g
ar
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
an
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ca
lled
m
atter
i
n
g
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
I
PT
S
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
at
w
h
en
o
n
e
f
ee
l
s
m
a
tter
en
o
u
g
h
to
h
a
v
e
n
o
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
n
ess
a
n
d
th
w
ar
ted
b
elo
n
g
in
g
n
e
s
s
,
t
h
e
y
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
lik
el
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
ti
o
n
.
R
ef
er
r
ed
to
o
n
e’
s
s
en
s
e
th
at
o
n
e
m
atter
s
to
o
th
er
s
[
2
6
]
,
m
att
er
in
g
ca
n
b
e
tak
en
as
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
es
s
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
as
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
w
as
al
s
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
a
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
s
t
u
d
y
in
A
u
s
tr
alia
n
s
e
tti
n
g
,
w
h
e
r
e
p
eo
p
le
w
ith
a
lo
w
er
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
h
ad
a
h
ig
h
er
lik
eli
h
o
o
d
o
f
s
u
ici
d
e
id
ea
tio
n
ev
en
af
ter
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
o
r
g
en
d
er
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
tatu
s
[
2
8
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
Van
d
er
h
o
s
t
e
t
al
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
th
at
o
n
e
-
p
o
in
t
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
m
i
g
h
t
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ch
a
n
ce
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
b
y
0
.
4
3
p
o
in
ts
,
an
d
it
ca
n
ex
p
lai
n
1
8
%
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
2
9
]
.
Su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
at,
a
r
ec
en
t
m
e
ta
-
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Flett,
Kh
a
n
an
d
Su
s
h
o
w
d
th
at
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
‘
n
o
t
m
atter
in
g
’
is
a
p
o
te
n
tial
in
d
icato
r
o
f
s
u
ic
id
e
id
ea
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
W
h
ile
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
m
atter
i
n
g
is
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
,
it
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
t
h
at
m
atter
in
g
is
al
s
o
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
A
s
tu
d
y
a
m
o
n
g
ad
o
lesce
n
ts
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
in
d
icate
d
th
a
t
th
e
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
is
ass
o
ciate
d
to
lo
w
er
lev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
w
h
er
eb
y
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
m
atter
in
g
p
r
ed
icted
.
3
6
p
o
in
t
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
a
m
o
n
g
3
6
%
o
f
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
o
n
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ca
n
also
b
e
s
ee
n
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tex
ts
;
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
m
atter
i
n
g
m
ed
iat
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
n
f
li
ct
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
as
w
el
l
as
p
ar
tiall
y
m
ed
iat
ed
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
a
w
k
w
ar
d
n
ess
a
n
d
p
ar
tn
e
r
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
n
d
ep
r
ess
i
v
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
[
3
2
]
.
H
y
p
o
th
etica
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
i
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
s
u
ici
d
e
id
ea
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
w
a
y
it
p
r
o
tects in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
f
r
o
m
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
m
at
ter
in
g
w
as
n
o
t
th
e
o
n
l
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
r
o
tect
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
an
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
Stu
d
ies
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
i
o
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
h
a
v
e
also
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
lo
w
s
tate
o
f
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
o
n
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
[
1
1
,
33
-
35]
,
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
in
a
h
i
g
h
er
s
el
f
-
estee
m
s
tate
ar
e
n
o
t
lik
el
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
icid
al
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
s
.
On
e
e
x
a
m
p
le
is
th
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
W
ilb
u
r
n
an
d
S
m
ith
in
2
0
0
5
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
o
n
e
-
p
o
in
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
ca
n
ex
p
lai
n
1
1
%
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
3
5
p
o
in
ts
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
u
icid
al
th
o
u
g
h
ts
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ile
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
w
a
s
q
u
ite
s
tr
o
n
g
,
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
w
as
n
o
t
th
at
h
i
g
h
[
3
5
]
.
Few
y
ea
r
s
later
,
A
r
ad
illa
-
Her
r
er
o
r
ep
o
r
t
ed
th
at
o
n
e
-
p
o
in
t
in
cr
e
m
en
t
in
s
el
f
-
estee
m
ca
n
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
alm
o
s
t
4
0
%
o
f
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
ti
o
n
[
1
1
]
.
R
elate
d
to
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
w
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
b
e
th
e
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
4
9
9
5
a
d
o
lescen
ts
(
1
0
0
2
Am
er
ican
a
n
d
3
9
9
3
Ko
r
ea
n
s
)
,
h
ig
h
s
e
lf
-
e
s
tee
m
lev
el
p
r
o
tecte
d
th
e
m
f
r
o
m
h
av
in
g
d
ep
r
ess
ed
m
o
o
d
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
b
o
d
y
d
i
s
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
[
3
6
]
.
W
h
ile
it
ca
n
b
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
etica
ll
y
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
p
eo
p
le
w
ill
n
o
t
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
ic
id
e
id
ea
tio
n
w
h
ile
th
e
y
ar
e
i
n
a
h
i
g
h
er
s
ta
te
o
f
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
t
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
el
f
-
estee
m
s
tate
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ev
ie
w
ed
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
estab
li
s
h
m
e
n
t t
h
at
d
ep
r
ess
i
o
n
is
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t c
au
s
e
o
f
s
u
icid
al
t
h
o
u
g
h
ts
.
T
o
ex
p
lain
th
e
li
n
k
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
tate
o
f
s
el
f
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
lev
el,
a
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
c
y
b
er
b
u
ll
y
in
g
i
n
d
icate
d
th
at
s
elf
-
estee
m
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
ial
m
ed
iato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
c
y
b
er
-
v
icti
m
ized
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
n
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
to
tal
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
-
estee
m
o
n
d
ep
r
ess
i
o
n
w
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
d
er
atel
y
s
tr
o
n
g
w
it
h
-
0
.
3
3
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
p
r
ev
alen
t
b
y
e
x
p
lain
i
n
g
5
5
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
i
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
lin
e
w
it
h
t
h
at,
a
m
e
ta
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
lo
n
g
it
u
d
in
al
s
t
u
d
ies
y
ield
ed
a
r
esu
lt
th
at
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
th
e
lo
w
er
s
tate
o
f
s
e
lf
-
e
s
te
e
m
ten
d
to
s
ee
k
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
s
to
v
e
r
if
y
t
h
ei
r
n
e
g
ati
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
4
9
4
-
502
496
s
elf
-
co
n
ce
p
t,
w
h
ic
h
d
ev
e
lo
p
th
e
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
ed
[
3
8
]
.
B
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
t
u
d
ies
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
h
ig
h
er
s
tate
o
f
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
p
r
ed
icts
lo
w
er
le
v
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
h
e
n
ce
it
w
a
s
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
ized
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
w
ill d
i
m
in
is
h
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
te
e
m
in
p
r
ed
icti
n
g
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
ti
o
n
.
W
h
ile
s
el
f
-
estee
m
s
ee
m
s
to
h
o
ld
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
p
r
o
tectiv
e
r
o
le
to
m
atter
i
n
g
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
f
ac
t
o
r
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
f
o
r
q
u
ite
a
w
h
ile.
I
n
2
0
0
4
,
E
llio
tt,
K
ao
an
d
Gr
an
t,
ad
v
o
ca
ted
th
at
m
at
ter
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
el
f
-
es
tee
m
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
[
3
9
]
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les,
w
it
h
m
atter
i
n
g
as
t
h
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
a
s
tu
d
y
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
etti
n
g
b
y
Du
e
ñ
as
a
n
d
Glo
r
ia
[
4
0
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
s
’
s
en
s
e
s
elf
-
estee
m
w
a
s
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
r
e
lated
to
w
h
e
th
er
t
h
e
y
f
elt
t
h
e
y
m
atter
ed
to
o
th
er
s
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
a
y
ea
r
b
ef
o
r
e,
Fl
et,
Go
ld
s
tein
,
P
ec
h
en
k
o
v
,
N
ep
o
n
an
d
W
e
k
er
le
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
th
at
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
f
ee
l
li
k
e
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
m
atter
to
o
th
er
s
ar
e
lik
el
y
to
h
a
v
e
th
e
k
i
n
d
o
f
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ev
al
u
a
tio
n
o
n
th
eir
o
w
n
p
er
s
o
n
al
id
en
ti
t
y
[
4
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ec
e
n
t
w
o
r
k
b
y
Ma
ter
a,
B
o
s
co
an
d
Me
r
in
g
o
lo
[
4
2
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
af
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
tu
d
ie
s
b
y
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
f
s
en
s
e
o
f
m
a
tter
in
g
to
f
r
ien
d
s
a
m
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ce
m
i
g
h
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
n
e’
s
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
n
e
s
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
to
f
a
m
il
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
o
n
e’
s
s
en
s
e
o
f
m
ea
n
i
n
g
in
lif
e
.
T
h
e
af
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
tu
d
ie
s
in
t
h
is
p
ar
ag
r
ap
h
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
p
r
o
tecte
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
f
r
o
m
h
a
v
i
n
g
lo
w
er
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
an
o
th
er
h
y
p
o
t
h
es
is
t
h
at
s
elf
-
es
tee
m
w
i
ll
m
ed
iate
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
to
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
W
h
ile
m
atter
i
n
g
w
a
s
r
ep
o
r
te
d
to
p
r
ed
ict
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
w
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
b
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
r
ed
icto
r
th
at
ca
n
e
x
p
lain
w
a
y
m
o
r
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
t
h
a
n
m
a
tter
in
g
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
w
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
i
s
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
i
n
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
t
wa
s
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
th
at
lo
w
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
w
il
l
lead
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
to
a
lo
w
er
s
ta
te
o
f
s
elf
-
estee
m
,
an
d
it
w
ill
ce
r
tain
l
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
eir
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
m
i
g
h
t
lea
d
th
e
m
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
icid
al
t
h
o
u
g
h
ts
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
p
ast
s
tu
d
ies
w
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
led
u
s
to
a
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
t
h
at
s
tate
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
w
i
ll
en
g
ag
e
in
a
s
er
ial
m
ed
iatio
n
r
o
le
to
th
e
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
o
n
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
m
o
d
el
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
H
y
p
o
th
etica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
er
ial
m
ed
iatio
n
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el
o
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
m
at
te
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
As
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
i
f
th
er
e
w
a
s
a
s
er
ial
m
ed
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el
o
n
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
m
a
tter
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
ic
id
e
id
ea
tio
n
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
a
n
o
n
-
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
al
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
.
Fo
u
r
v
ar
iab
les
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
w
er
e
m
atter
i
n
g
,
s
tate
s
el
f
-
estee
m
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
e
l a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
A
to
t
al
o
f
5
0
8
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
el
y
r
ec
r
u
ited
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
ar
e
r
eg
is
te
r
ed
in
an
y
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
a
n
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
w
it
h
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
n
at
io
n
alit
y
(
n
=2
8
9
)
,
I
n
d
o
n
esian
n
atio
n
al
it
y
(
n
=2
0
0
)
an
d
o
th
er
n
atio
n
alitie
s
(
n
=1
9
)
.
On
p
u
r
p
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s
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y
,
o
n
l
y
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ar
ticip
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w
h
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is
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to
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ig
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u
ca
tio
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s
t
itu
tio
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s
in
Ma
la
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ia
a
n
d
I
n
d
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e
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ec
r
u
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ted
.
T
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r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
7
t
o
3
6
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e
(
M=
2
0
.
2
1
,
SD=1
.
9
5
)
.
Of
th
e
to
tal
s
a
m
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le,
1
5
2
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e
m
al
es
(
2
9
.
9
2
%),
3
4
7
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er
e
f
e
m
a
les
(
6
8
.
3
1
%)
an
d
9
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
n
o
t
to
s
ay
(
1
.
7
7
%).
W
h
er
ea
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
eir
r
elig
io
s
it
y
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d
s
p
ir
it
u
alit
y
,
2
0
2
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
tated
th
at
t
h
e
y
ar
e
r
eli
g
io
u
s
o
r
s
p
ir
itu
al,
1
9
9
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
tated
th
e
y
ar
e
n
eit
h
er
r
elig
io
u
s
n
o
r
s
p
ir
itu
al,
an
d
1
0
7
o
f
th
e
m
s
tated
t
h
at
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t s
u
r
e
ab
o
u
t th
eir
s
p
ir
it
u
alit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
S
u
icid
a
l th
o
u
g
h
ts
a
mo
n
g
u
n
iv
ers
ity
s
tu
d
en
t
s
:
Th
e
r
o
le
o
f m
a
tter
in
g
,
s
ta
te
…
(
K
u
s
u
s
a
n
to
Ditto
P
r
ih
a
d
i
)
497
2
.
3
.
M
a
t
er
ia
ls
Ma
tter
in
g
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
Gen
er
al
Ma
tter
i
n
g
Scale
[
4
3
]
.
I
t
is
a
2
4
-
ite
m
s
el
f
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
ite
m
s
r
elate
d
t
o
ele
m
en
t
s
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
a
w
ar
e
n
es
s
,
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
ce
an
d
r
elia
n
ce
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
a
s
r
ated
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le,
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
(
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
a
g
r
ee
)
to
5
(
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
)
;
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
“
W
h
e
n
p
eo
p
le
n
ee
d
h
elp
,
th
ey
co
m
e
to
m
e”
an
d
“
P
eo
p
le
g
en
er
ally
k
n
o
w
w
h
e
n
I
a
m
ar
o
u
n
d
”.
A
s
co
r
e
o
f
5
w
a
s
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
d
ic
atin
g
th
e
g
r
ea
test
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
w
h
er
ea
s
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
1
w
as
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
e
le
ast
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
a
tter
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
ea
c
h
ite
m
w
er
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
to
o
b
tain
a
to
tal
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
lev
el
o
f
m
atter
in
g
,
a
f
ter
r
ev
er
s
e
-
s
co
r
in
g
.
Hi
g
h
er
t
o
tal
s
co
r
e
o
n
Gen
er
al
Ma
tter
i
n
g
Scale
in
d
i
ca
ted
th
at
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
h
ad
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
m
atter
i
n
g
.
I
t
w
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
it
y
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
a
lid
y
,
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
a
n
t
v
a
lid
it
y
,
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
Ge
n
er
al
Ma
tter
in
g
Scale
w
er
e
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
w
it
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
.
9
0
,
.
9
2
an
d
.
8
9
f
r
o
m
a
to
tal
o
f
t
h
r
ee
s
a
m
p
les.
State
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
State
Sel
f
-
E
s
tee
m
Scale
(
SS
E
S)
[
4
4
]
.
SS
E
S
w
a
s
a
2
0
-
ite
m
s
el
f
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
m
ea
s
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
s
ta
te
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
at
th
at
m
o
m
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
a
n
s
w
er
i
n
g
th
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
s
ca
le
w
a
s
r
ated
o
n
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
(
n
o
t
at
all)
t
o
5
(
e
x
tr
e
m
e
l
y
)
;
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
“
I
f
ee
l
s
a
tis
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
a
y
m
y
b
o
d
y
lo
o
k
s
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w
”.
T
h
e
s
co
r
e
s
o
f
ea
ch
ite
m
w
er
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
to
o
b
tain
a
to
tal
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
a
f
t
er
r
ev
er
s
e
-
s
co
r
in
g
.
Hig
h
er
to
tal
s
co
r
e
o
n
S
SES
i
n
d
icate
d
th
at
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
h
a
d
h
ig
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
t
ee
m
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
a
n
s
w
er
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
I
t
w
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
v
alid
it
y
,
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alid
it
y
,
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
an
t v
alid
it
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
S
SES
w
er
e
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
w
it
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
.
9
2
.
T
h
e
B
ec
k
’
s
Dep
r
ess
io
n
I
n
v
e
n
to
r
y
(
B
DI
)
[
4
5
]
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el.
B
DI
w
a
s
a
2
1
-
ite
m
s
el
f
-
s
co
r
ed
in
v
en
to
r
y
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
2
1
clin
icall
y
d
er
iv
ed
s
y
m
p
to
m
-
attitu
d
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
an
d
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
y
s
te
m
atic
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
s
o
f
de
p
r
ess
ed
p
atien
ts
d
o
n
e
b
y
t
h
e
s
en
io
r
au
t
h
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
-
at
tit
u
d
e
w
er
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
2
1
ca
teg
o
r
ies
w
h
er
e
ea
c
h
ca
te
g
o
r
y
e
x
p
r
ess
es
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
al
p
at
ter
n
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
ess
i
m
is
m
,
s
en
s
e
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e,
g
u
ilt
y
f
ee
l
in
g
,
ir
r
itab
ili
t
y
,
s
el
f
p
u
n
iti
v
e
w
i
s
h
e
s
et
ce
te
r
a.
T
h
e
2
1
ca
teg
o
r
ies co
n
s
is
te
d
o
f
a
g
r
ad
ed
s
er
ies
o
f
4
s
el
f
-
ev
a
lu
at
iv
e
s
tate
m
e
n
ts
w
ith
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
n
u
m
er
ica
l
v
alu
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
-
3
w
h
ic
h
w
er
e
cl
ass
i
f
ied
to
i
n
d
icate
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
th
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
-
a
ttit
u
d
e
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
f
r
o
m
n
e
u
tr
al
to
m
a
x
i
m
al
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
i
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
-
attit
u
d
e
ca
teg
o
r
i
es,
“
0
”
w
as
a
llo
ca
ted
to
“
M
y
a
p
p
etite
is
n
o
w
o
r
s
e
th
a
n
u
s
u
al
”
w
h
er
e
as
“
3
”
w
as
allo
ca
ted
to
“
I
h
av
e
n
o
ap
p
et
ite
at
all
an
y
m
o
r
e”
.
T
h
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
w
er
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
to
o
b
tain
a
to
tal
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el.
Hi
g
h
er
to
tal
s
co
r
e
o
n
B
DI
in
d
icate
d
th
at
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
h
ad
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
I
t
w
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
B
DI
w
as
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
;
w
h
er
ea
s
i
n
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
s
h
o
w
ed
a
h
i
g
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Su
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
w
a
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
th
e
Su
icid
al
I
d
ea
tio
n
A
ttr
ib
u
tes
Scales
(
SID
A
S)
[
4
6
]
.
SID
A
S
w
as
a
s
ca
le
co
n
tain
i
n
g
f
i
v
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
ate
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
d
in
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
s
u
ici
d
al
th
o
u
g
h
t
s
w
i
t
h
11
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
;
f
o
r
in
s
t
an
ce
,
“
I
n
th
e
p
ast
m
o
n
th
,
to
w
h
at
ex
te
n
t
h
av
e
y
o
u
f
el
t
to
r
m
en
ted
b
y
t
h
o
u
g
h
ts
ab
o
u
t
s
u
icid
e?
”.
T
h
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
ea
ch
ite
m
w
er
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
to
o
b
tain
a
to
tal
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
,
af
ter
r
ev
er
s
e
-
s
co
r
i
n
g
.
Hig
h
er
to
tal
s
co
r
e
o
n
SID
AS
in
d
ica
ted
th
at
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
h
ad
h
i
g
h
er
d
eg
r
e
e
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
it
y
a
n
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
o
f
SID
AS
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
b
e
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
w
it
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
.
8
9
.
2
.
4
.
P
ro
ce
du
re
s
P
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
el
y
r
ec
r
u
ited
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
,
w
h
i
ch
w
a
s
to
b
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
ar
e
r
e
g
is
ter
ed
in
a
n
y
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
L
i
n
k
to
t
h
e
G
o
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
Su
r
v
e
y
is
p
o
s
ted
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
ag
es
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
I
n
s
ta
g
r
a
m
,
Face
b
o
o
k
,
an
d
W
h
ats
A
p
p
s
to
r
y
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
W
illi
n
g
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
f
o
llo
w
ed
a
lin
k
to
a
Go
o
g
le
F
o
r
m
S
u
r
v
e
y
w
h
er
e
th
e
y
s
ta
te
d
th
eir
ap
p
r
o
v
al
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
.
Af
ter
w
ar
d
s
th
e
y
w
er
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
i
th
a
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e;
w
h
er
e
ag
e
,
g
en
d
er
,
n
a
tio
n
ali
t
y
,
et
h
n
icit
y
,
b
ir
th
o
r
d
er
,
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
an
d
lev
el
o
f
th
eir
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
w
er
e
as
k
ed
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
o
n
s
p
ir
it
u
alit
y
t
h
at
w
as
as
k
ed
in
t
h
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
w
a
s
n
ec
e
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0
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1
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7
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le
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t
ter
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g
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g
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if
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l
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ed
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e
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h
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tr
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lli
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g
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0
1
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d
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I
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A
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th
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m
ed
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s
we
r
e
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t,
d
u
e
to
th
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f
ac
t
t
h
at
b
o
th
u
p
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d
lo
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n
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id
en
t
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er
v
al
a
m
o
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g
5
0
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s
a
m
p
les
ar
e
s
i
m
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s
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Ser
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ed
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s
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tee
m
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d
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ep
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o
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ip
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et
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atter
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w
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all
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s
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ef
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atter
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ip
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atter
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n
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s
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e
lf
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m
a
n
d
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v
el
a
s
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er
i
al
m
ed
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s
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w
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x
h
y
p
h
o
t
h
ese
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
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y
,
m
at
ter
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g
as
a
m
o
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w
il
l
s
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g
n
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f
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tl
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r
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tate
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lf
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l
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atter
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l
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d
e
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n
co
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r
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t p
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r
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s
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n
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r
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io
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u
r
th
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tate
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ll
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atte
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n
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ic
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ll
y
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iate
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li
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et
w
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n
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ter
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g
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d
s
u
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id
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.
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astl
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s
tate
s
el
f
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este
e
m
an
d
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ep
r
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lev
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w
ill
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
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ll
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ial
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u
ltip
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ed
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n
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e
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n
k
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w
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n
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atter
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d
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e
h
y
p
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th
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e
s
m
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g
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t
s
o
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n
d
s
i
m
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e
w
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r
k
o
f
E
lli
o
t,
C
o
lan
g
elo
an
d
Gelle
s
[
4
8
]
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
elf
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
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w
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ig
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t
m
ed
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o
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th
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ip
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etw
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atter
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d
s
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id
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s
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th
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p
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d
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ha
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o
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llected
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ata
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en
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er
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ir
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alit
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o
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r
elig
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it
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e
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ee
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s
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d
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ee
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ted
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ig
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elate
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tio
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a
n
d
m
at
ter
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g
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n
t
h
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s
t
u
d
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
g
ap
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
an
d
th
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
E
llio
t
an
d
h
is
co
lleag
u
es
in
2
0
0
5
;
th
ey
h
a
v
e
co
n
d
u
cted
s
e
m
i
-
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
in
t
er
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ie
w
to
co
llect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
1
1
an
d
1
8
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e,
w
h
i
le
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
m
eth
o
d
w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
lle
ct
d
ata
f
r
o
m
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
a
n
d
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
d
ip
lo
m
a
to
d
o
cto
r
al
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
lead
s
to
an
o
th
er
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
;
f
ir
s
t,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
a
n
d
s
tate
s
el
f
-
estee
m
,
i
n
s
tead
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
an
d
s
el
f
-
estee
m
.
I
n
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
ite
m
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
“
n
o
”
an
d
“y
es”;
w
h
er
ea
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
B
ec
k
’
s
Dep
r
ess
io
n
I
n
v
en
to
r
y
allo
w
ed
u
s
to
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
l
ev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
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n
ter
m
s
o
f
“h
i
g
h
le
v
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o
r
“
lo
w
le
v
el”.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
in
s
tead
o
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b
ein
g
d
iag
n
o
s
ed
w
i
th
n
o
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
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p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
h
o
s
co
r
ed
lo
w
le
v
els
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
ca
le
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
a
lo
w
l
ev
el
o
f
d
ep
r
e
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
ta
te
s
el
f
-
este
e
m
i
n
s
tead
o
f
s
el
f
-
estee
m
.
State
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
s
tate
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
[
4
9
]
,
w
h
ich
f
l
u
ct
u
ates
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
o
cial
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
f
s
el
f
-
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
,
u
n
li
k
e
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
s
e
lf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
alo
n
g
th
e
li
f
eti
m
e
[
5
0
]
.
State
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
i
n
s
tead
o
f
g
en
er
al
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
,
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
th
e
a
g
e
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
ad
u
lts
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g
e
n
er
al
s
el
f
-
estee
m
te
n
d
s
to
b
e
s
tab
le
o
v
er
ti
m
e,
h
en
ce
its
li
n
k
to
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atter
i
n
g
,
p
er
ce
iv
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d
ep
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ess
io
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o
r
s
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icid
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ea
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m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
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e
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le
th
r
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g
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r
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y
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u
e
s
tio
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s
.
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h
e
th
ir
d
d
if
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er
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ter
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et
h
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s
is
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at
t
h
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p
r
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t
w
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t
o
test
th
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y
p
o
th
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is
o
f
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er
i
al
m
ed
iatio
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o
f
p
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ce
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ep
r
ess
io
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a
n
d
s
tate
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elf
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e
s
tee
m
,
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h
ile
th
e
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o
r
k
o
f
E
llio
t
et
al
test
ed
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esi
s
th
at
s
el
f
-
e
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tee
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a
n
d
d
ep
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io
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d
id
n
o
t
p
r
ed
ict
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
m
atter
i
n
g
ar
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
r
ed
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r
o
f
s
tate
s
elf
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estee
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
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ted
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Ho
w
e
v
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,
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
an
d
th
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d
h
y
p
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s
w
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r
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t
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p
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ted
a
s
m
atter
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g
w
a
s
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till
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i
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t
p
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r
o
f
d
e
p
r
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io
n
lev
el
w
h
en
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
f
o
r
s
tate
s
elf
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estee
m
a
n
d
w
as
s
till
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
p
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ed
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r
o
f
s
u
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e
id
ea
tio
n
w
h
e
n
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
r
s
tate
s
el
f
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
e
l.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
ed
iato
r
v
ar
iab
les
h
a
v
e
o
n
l
y
p
ar
t
iall
y
m
ed
iated
t
h
e
li
n
k
b
et
wee
n
m
atter
in
g
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
las
t
t
h
r
ee
h
y
p
o
t
h
es
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w
er
e
r
ej
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ted
b
y
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
es
o
f
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
e
f
f
ec
t
1
,
2
,
an
d
3
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
m
ed
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
w
er
e
o
n
l
y
p
ar
tial
d
esp
ite
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
T
h
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
m
atter
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
w
a
s
m
ed
iated
b
y
b
o
th
s
tat
e
s
elf
-
estee
m
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
at
m
atter
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i
s
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
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ati
v
e
p
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r
o
f
s
u
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e
id
ea
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
w
h
o
ar
e
s
tu
d
y
in
g
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
ies,
w
h
er
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th
e
s
er
ial
m
ed
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o
f
s
ta
te
s
elf
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a
n
d
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c
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t
iall
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atter
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cr
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d
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(
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[
2
3
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th
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[
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5
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4
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,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
4
9
4
-
502
500
ad
u
lts
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
lev
e
l
o
f
m
atter
in
g
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
s
tain
ed
h
o
p
eless
n
ess
t
h
at
led
th
e
m
to
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
an
d
s
u
ic
id
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
Sco
pe
a
nd
li
m
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
s
e
v
er
al
li
m
itatio
n
s
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
to
b
e
n
o
t
ed
o
f
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
u
til
ized
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
s
ca
les
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
’
le
v
el
o
f
m
atter
in
g
,
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
,
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
an
d
s
ev
er
it
y
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
v
en
to
r
ies
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
t
u
d
y
w
er
e
r
el
iab
le
an
d
v
alid
ated
,
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
s
el
f
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
s
ca
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
b
ia
s
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
ias
as
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
te
n
d
to
g
i
v
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
an
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
s
u
c
h
as
s
ca
les
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
b
y
clo
s
e
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
o
r
f
r
ien
d
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
,
o
r
clin
ical
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
tr
ain
ed
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
is
ts
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
t
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
as
a
n
o
n
-
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
al
d
esig
n
li
m
ited
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
m
ak
in
g
ca
u
s
a
l
ass
er
tio
n
s
.
L
o
n
g
it
u
d
in
al
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
co
u
ld
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
e
n
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
as
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ca
u
s
a
l
m
o
d
el
b
etw
ee
n
m
a
tter
in
g
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
b
y
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
.
3
.
2
.
I
m
pl
ica
t
io
ns
a
nd
s
ug
g
estio
ns
Fin
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
e
x
p
lain
i
n
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etw
ee
n
m
atter
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
v
ia
a
s
er
ial
m
ed
iato
r
,
s
ta
te
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el.
T
h
e
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
m
ed
iati
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
ial
m
ed
iato
r
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
i
t
w
as
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
s
tate
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
an
d
lo
w
er
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
i
th
m
o
r
e
m
atter
i
n
g
th
at
ex
p
lain
s
th
eir
lik
el
ih
o
o
d
to
h
av
e
lo
w
er
s
e
v
er
it
y
o
f
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
s
t
ate
s
elf
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
el
w
er
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
p
ar
tiall
y
m
ed
iate
t
h
e
lin
k
b
et
w
ee
n
m
a
tter
in
g
an
d
s
u
ici
d
e
id
ea
tio
n
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
s
tate
s
el
f
-
estee
m
a
n
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
lev
e
l
i
n
p
r
ed
ictin
g
s
u
icid
e
id
ea
tio
n
w
h
en
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
l
es
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
it
y
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
w
a
y
t
o
p
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o
tect
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
s
u
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e
id
ea
tio
n
,
b
y
tak
i
n
g
an
y
f
ac
to
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th
at
d
ec
r
ea
s
es th
eir
s
tate
s
el
f
-
e
s
tee
m
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
es t
h
eir
d
ep
r
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io
n
lev
el
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ca
n
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
u
icid
e
p
r
ev
en
t
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n
b
y
h
a
v
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n
g
b
o
th
s
ta
te
s
elf
-
e
s
tee
m
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
le
v
el
o
f
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
als
a
s
s
es
s
ed
as
a
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
v
e
m
ea
s
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r
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f
s
u
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e,
s
u
ch
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t
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h
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ter
v
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n
tio
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at
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o
o
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t
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s
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f
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m
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d
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e
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o
f
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ep
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m
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g
in
d
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als
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m
p
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v
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e
n
s
e
o
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m
atter
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g
.
Fo
r
ex
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2
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ex
p
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.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
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Fin
d
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p
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ted
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ati
v
e
p
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ed
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r
o
f
s
u
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id
ea
tio
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,
s
tate
s
e
lf
-
e
s
t
ee
m
a
n
d
d
ep
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ess
io
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in
v
o
l
v
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in
p
ar
tial
s
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ial
m
ed
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n
ex
p
lain
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g
t
h
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l
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k
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w
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m
atter
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s
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.
A
t
a
g
lan
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n
d
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id
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w
it
h
h
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g
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lev
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o
f
m
a
tt
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in
g
w
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e
r
ep
o
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ted
to
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av
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lo
w
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s
e
v
er
it
y
o
f
s
u
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e
id
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th
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y
ex
p
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ig
h
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le
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o
f
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tate
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el
f
-
este
e
m
an
d
lo
w
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v
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o
f
d
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.
I
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ca
n
b
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s
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m
m
ar
ized
th
at
w
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m
p
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atter
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d
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lev
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m
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t
w
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k
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a
m
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g
u
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v
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s
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s
tu
d
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n
ts
,
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is
n
ec
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s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
f
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t
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r
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r
esear
ch
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tial
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ib
le
v
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s
as
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ex
p
lan
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tio
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h
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n
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m
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ip
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h
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Fu
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ip
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W
.
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Ch
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.
J.
Kim
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.
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.
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Ch
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n
g
T
re
a
t
m
e
n
t‐S
e
e
k
in
g
Yo
u
th
W
it
h
A
n
x
iet
y
Diso
rd
e
rs,"
S
u
icid
e
a
n
d
L
i
fe‐Th
re
a
ten
in
g
Beh
a
v
io
r,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
1
1
-
8
2
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
K.
M
in
k
o
f
f
,
E.
Be
r
g
m
a
n
,
A
.
T
.
Be
c
k
a
n
d
R.
Be
c
k
,
"
Ho
p
e
les
sn
e
s
s,
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
,
a
n
d
a
tt
e
m
p
ted
su
icid
e
,
"
Ame
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
1
3
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
5
9
,
1
9
7
3
.
[1
1
]
A
.
A
r
a
d
il
la
-
He
rre
ro
,
J.
T
o
m
á
s
-
S
á
b
a
d
o
a
n
d
J.
G
ó
m
e
z
-
B
e
n
it
o
,
"
A
ss
o
c
iatio
n
s
b
e
tw
e
e
n
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
risk
i
n
n
u
r
sin
g
stu
d
e
n
ts,"
Nu
rs
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
T
o
d
a
y
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
2
0
-
5
2
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
S
.
M
a
c
k
e
n
z
ie,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
su
ici
d
e
id
e
a
ti
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
ts
a
c
c
e
ss
in
g
c
a
m
p
u
s
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
,
"
Am
e
ric
a
n
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
o
rth
o
p
sy
c
h
i
a
try
,
v
o
l.
8
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
R.
D.
W
e
tze
l,
"
Ho
p
e
les
sn
e
ss
,
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
,
a
n
d
s
u
icid
e
i
n
ten
t
.
,
"
Arc
h
ive
s
o
f
g
e
n
e
ra
l
p
sy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
9
-
1
0
7
3
,
1
9
7
6
.
[1
4
]
K.
Ha
w
to
n
,
C.
Co
m
a
b
e
ll
a
,
C.
Ha
w
a
n
d
K.
S
a
u
n
d
e
rs,
"
Risk
f
a
c
to
rs
f
o
r
su
ici
d
e
i
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
w
it
h
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
:
a
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
a
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
d
iso
rd
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
-
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
R.
P
.
A
n
g
a
n
d
V
.
S
.
Hu
a
n
,
"
Re
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
S
tres
s
a
n
d
S
u
icid
a
l
Id
e
a
ti
o
n
:
T
e
stin
g
fo
r
De
p
re
ss
io
n
a
s
a
M
e
d
iato
r
Us
in
g
M
u
lt
i
p
le
Re
g
re
ss
io
n
,
"
Ch
il
d
Psy
c
h
ia
try
a
n
d
Hu
ma
n
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
–
1
4
3
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
6
]
F
.
A
.
A
b
d
u
l
A
z
iz,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
a
c
to
rs
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
W
it
h
S
u
icid
a
l
A
tt
e
m
p
t
Am
o
n
g
S
c
h
o
o
l
-
G
o
in
g
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts
in
M
a
la
y
sia
,
"
Asia
Pa
c
if
ic Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
R.
M
.
Hill
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
p
re
ss
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
a
n
d
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
b
u
rd
e
n
s
o
m
e
n
e
ss
m
e
d
iate
th
e
a
ss
o
c
iatio
n
b
e
twe
e
n
a
n
x
iet
y
a
n
d
su
ici
d
a
l
i
d
e
a
ti
o
n
in
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts,"
Arc
h
ive
s o
f
su
icid
e
re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
5
-
5
6
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
C.
W
.
Kw
a
k
a
n
d
J.
R.
Ic
k
o
v
ics
,
"
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
su
icid
e
in
S
o
u
t
h
Ko
re
a
:
Risk
f
a
c
to
rs
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
m
u
lt
i
-
d
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
so
lu
ti
o
n
,
"
Asia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
ia
try
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
-
1
5
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
W
.
L
i,
D.
S
.
Do
rsty
n
,
a
n
d
E
.
Ja
rm
o
n
,
"
Id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
su
icid
e
risk
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts:
A
sy
st
e
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
,
"
D
e
a
th
stu
d
ies
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
M
.
Co
r
n
e
jo
,
S
.
A
g
ra
wa
l,
J.
Ch
e
n
,
A
.
Ye
u
n
g
a
n
d
N.
H.
T
rin
h
,
"
Cu
l
tu
ra
l
Risk
a
n
d
P
r
o
tec
ti
v
e
F
a
c
to
rs
f
o
r
De
p
re
ss
iv
e
S
y
m
p
to
m
s in
A
sia
n
Am
e
ric
a
n
Co
ll
e
g
e
S
tu
d
e
n
ts,"
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
Rev
iew,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
N.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
h
e
ro
le
o
f
so
c
ial
su
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
w
e
ll
b
e
in
g
in
p
re
d
ict
in
g
su
ici
d
a
l
i
d
e
a
ti
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
m
a
rg
in
a
li
z
e
d
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts i
n
M
a
la
y
sia
,
"
BM
C
p
u
b
li
c
h
e
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
3
-
5
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
I.
Ub
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Do
e
s
S
e
lf
-
Estee
m
M
e
d
iate
th
e
Re
lati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
L
o
n
e
li
n
e
ss
a
n
d
De
p
re
s
sio
n
a
m
o
n
g
M
a
la
y
sia
n
T
e
e
n
a
g
e
rs?
"
Per
ta
n
ika
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Hu
m
a
n
it
ies
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
-
1
8
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
T
.
E.
Jo
in
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
n
in
terp
e
rso
n
a
l
a
d
d
e
n
d
u
m
to
th
e
h
o
p
e
les
sn
e
ss
th
e
o
ry
o
f
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
:
Ho
p
e
les
sn
e
ss
a
s
a
stre
ss
a
n
d
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
ia
l
a
n
d
Cl
in
ica
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
4
9
-
6
6
4
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
4
]
S
.
J.
Qu
a
y
e
a
n
d
S
.
H.
Ch
a
n
g
,
"
F
o
ste
rin
g
c
u
lt
u
re
s
o
f
in
c
lu
si
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
c
las
sro
o
m
:
F
ro
m
m
a
r
g
in
a
li
ty
to
m
a
tt
e
rin
g
,
"
in
Cre
a
ti
n
g
Ca
mp
u
s Cu
lt
u
re
s
,
Ro
u
tl
e
d
g
e
,
p
p
.
9
8
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
5
]
M
.
Dra
b
e
n
sto
tt
,
"
A
M
a
tt
e
r
o
f
L
ife
a
n
d
De
a
th
:
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
M
a
tt
e
rin
g
in
t
o
t
h
e
I
n
terp
e
rso
n
a
l
–
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
T
h
e
o
r
y
o
f
S
u
icid
e
,
"
S
u
icid
e
a
n
d
L
if
e
‐T
h
re
a
t
e
n
in
g
Beh
a
v
i
o
r,
v
o
l
.
4
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
6
-
1
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
G
.
F
lett,
T
h
e
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
m
a
tt
e
rin
g
:
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
n
e
e
d
to
b
e
sig
n
if
ica
n
t,
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
P
re
ss
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
J.
W
h
it
lo
c
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
n
e
ss
a
n
d
su
icid
e
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
in
c
o
ll
e
g
e
se
tt
in
g
s:
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
"
Ith
a
c
a
,
N
Y
:
Bro
fen
b
re
n
n
e
r Ce
n
ter
fo
r T
r
a
n
sl
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
Co
r
n
e
ll
Un
ive
rs
it
y
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
8
]
A
.
M
il
n
e
r,
K.
M
.
P
a
g
e
a
n
d
A
.
D.
L
a
M
o
n
tag
n
e
,
"
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
tt
e
rin
g
a
n
d
su
icid
e
i
d
e
a
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
A
u
stra
li
a
n
w
o
rk
in
g
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
:
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
f
ro
m
a
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
su
rv
e
y
,
"
C
o
mm
u
n
it
y
me
n
ta
l
h
e
a
l
th
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
1
5
-
6
2
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
9
]
R.
K.
V
a
n
d
e
rh
o
rst
a
n
d
S
.
M
c
L
a
re
n
,
"
S
o
c
ial
re
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
s
p
re
d
i
c
to
rs
o
f
d
e
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
su
ici
d
a
l
i
d
e
a
ti
o
n
i
n
o
ld
e
r
a
d
u
lt
s,"
Ag
in
g
&
M
e
n
ta
l
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
1
7
–
5
2
5
,
2
0
0
5
.
[3
0
]
G
.
F
lett,
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
a
n
d
C.
S
u
,
"
M
a
tt
e
rin
g
a
n
d
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
W
e
ll
-
b
e
in
g
i
n
C
o
ll
e
g
e
a
n
d
U
n
iv
e
rsi
ty
S
tu
d
e
n
ts:
Re
v
iew
a
n
d
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
Ca
m
p
u
s
-
Ba
se
d
I
n
it
iativ
e
s,"
In
ter
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8
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.
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o
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islo
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n
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Ort
h
,
"
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e
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ict
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.
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ra
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.
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.
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se
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ss
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lo
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p
.
5
2
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6
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p
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.
[4
2
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C.
M
a
tera
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Bo
sc
o
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d
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.
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lo
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se
lf
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.
[4
3
]
G
.
K.
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.
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ll
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A
.
M
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ra
n
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"
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g
:
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m
p
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4
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.
F
.
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n
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J.
P
o
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iv
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,
"
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.
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o
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[4
6
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B.
A
.
J.
V
a
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p
ij
k
e
r,
P
.
J.
Ba
tt
e
rh
a
m
,
A
.
L
.
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lea
r,
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.
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a
rre
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Ch
risten
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n
,
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ld
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.
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.
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.
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(S
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[4
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.
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tro
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2
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7
.
[4
8
]
G
.
C.
El
li
o
tt
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.
F
.
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o
lan
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e
lo
a
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R.
J.
G
e
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s,
"
M
a
tt
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I
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:
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ra
ti
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Re
latio
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p
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.
3
,
p
.
2
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3
–
2
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8
,
2
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0
5
.
[4
9
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J.
W
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e
r,
O.
L
ü
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tk
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